Abdalla M Zein Eldin’s scientific contributions

Farmers use different types of sprayers for the management of the pest. Successful pest management depends not only on the quality of the pesticide and insecticides but also on the use of the right plant protection appliances. Hence, proper selection based on ergonomic, economic, efficacy, and ecological and use of equipment for pesticide application has a direct effect on crop productivity. Normally, the spray efficiency, which usually is estimated by cost-income of the agricultural industry, increases from hand-operated sprayers with low application rate, small coverage area in a certain time interval , and low travel speed to large-scale sprayers which could apply pesticide with much higher application rate, bigger coverage area in a certain time interval and higher travel speed. This research aims to identify and inventory the different types of pesticide application systems used around the world.

Nowadays, agricultural sprayers are the most widely used equipment to carry out pesticide applications. Several kinds of sprayers have been developed from hand-operated, hydraulic sprayers to boom/speed sprayers or aircraft sprayers with the development of agricultural engineering. The objectives of this study were to design a self-propelled field sprayer to be operated and controlled remotely and evaluate the performance of the purposed machine at different forward speeds of 9.33, 8.39, 7.46, 6.48, and 6.22 km/hr and different pump pressure of 9.5, 8.5, 8, 7 and 6 bar under laboratory conditions. Also, evaluate and calibrate the performance of the spraying system. The results showed that the maximum actual field capacity was 8.66 fedd/hr at 9.33 km/hr, and the total operation cost was 60.44 EGP/hr (6.98 EGP/fedd) at 9.5 bar.

The aims of this research were to; 1-construct a simple alarm fire system to early warn for a fire in the agricultural facilities, 2-test the performance of the sensors used, mainly heat, light, and smoke sensors. Basically, these three sensors were connected to control panel and power supply. The control panel is to control the input data from sensors and the output data to the other units in the system. The response time of any fire sensor is the time from fire starting up to the moment that sensor senses the fire. It was considered to be the best factor to express the sensor performance. The performance of smoke sensor was mainly affected by the sensor height and smoke density where the response time increased when the sensor height increased while it decreased when smoke density (no. of mats) increased. The data analysis of this relationship showed a determination coefficient of 99.66%. For heat sensor, increasing the combustion temperature of material used for making fire reduced the response time of heat sensor, while increasing the heat sensor height increased the response time. The determination coefficient was found to be 99.2%. For the light sensor, the response sensitivity increased with increasing the light intensity at a specific distance. Thus, the light sensor must be placed at an appropriate distance to obtain a fast response. The determination coefficient this relationship was found to be 99.5%.

Sugar is an important strategic commodity for all countries of the world. Sugar after wheat is of strategic importance in Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Australia, while sugar is second only to rice for Asian countries. It was, therefore, necessary to pay full attention to sugary crops, especially sugar cane, to increase productivity and to bridge the gap between production and consumption by increasing the productivity of sugarcane. The main problem of sugarcane plantations is the harvesting process, this research includes most of the systems used to harvest sugar cane around the world to identify the advantages and disadvantages of operating in the systems. This research aims to survey most of the systems used in sugarcane harvesting around the world.

Recently, interest has increased in the technology of manufacturing and controlling agricultural robots by remote control system using Arduino shield. Forward speed control and steering are the most important points in the designing of agricultural robots. Due to the high prices of DC motors and unavailability in the local markets with the desired power, thus this study the possibility of using AC motors by inventing an inexpensive method through which a robot can be operated using AC motors and it can also be operated and controlled remotely using an Arduino board Via Bluetooth, which leads to reduce the manufacturing costs of the robot and thus reduce the operating costs in performing the required process.

Accurate pesticide application from sprayers, is essential in modern farming practice as it increased pest control, reduced pesticide costs and wastage, and greater environmental safety. Evenness of flow characteristics of liquid from a sprayer nozzle is one of the requirements of accurate pesticide application. Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate the flow characteristics of liquid from four different spray nozzles (hollow cone ceramic nozzle (HCC)) 422HCC02, 422HCC025, 422HCC03, and 422HCC05 on a horizontal spray patternator. The discharge rate, spray distribution pattern, spray swath of all the types of nozzles were measured with a pressure range from 6.0 to 9.5 bar at three different nozzle heights (30, 40, and 50 cm). Considerable variations in pattern occurred between successive runs with individual nozzles: The maximum coefficient of variation (C.V.) for the average of nozzle discharges was within the permissible limits because it is less than 10%. It was observed that with the increment of operating pressure and spraying height, the swath width was found to be increased. The average discharge from hollow cone ceramic nozzles has been increased as a result of the increased operating pressure of the pump where the average discharge for 422HCC02 nozzle ranged between (0.98 to 1.35 L/min), for 422HCC025 nozzle ranged between (1.15 to 1.65 L/min), for 422HCC03 nozzle ranged between (1.23 to 1.76 L/min), for 422HCC05 nozzle ranged between (1.35 to 2.03 L/min) when the pump pressure increased from 6.0 bar to 9.5 bar.

Sugar is an important strategic commodity for all countries of the world. Sugar after wheat is of strategic importance in Egypt. It was, therefore, necessary to pay full attention to sugary crops, especially sugar cane, to increase productivity and to bridge the gap between production and consumption by increasing the productivity of sugarcane. The main problem of sugar cane plantation is the harvesting process. The sugarcane harvesting season lasts for 5 months in Egypt, starting in Dec. and ending in May. A tractor-operated sugarcane harvester was designed, manufactured, and tested, and the machine parts was designed by using "SolidWorks" software, and this program helps to find out the typical dimensions of various components of machine with great accuracy in small time. The machine was manufacturing and constructed by using the low-cost material available in local market. Results of the tests showed that the effective field capacity ranged from 1.16 to 1.3 Fed/h and increased with an increase in row spacing and forward speed. In the high crop density fields, the cutter head efficiency averaged 100 %. It, however, increased with a decrease in cutting height and, increased with an increase in row spacing and number of knives. The throughput capacity increased from 42.9 to 79.02 t/h as the row spacing increased from 71 to 88.75 cm and the maximum total operating costs are 120 EGP/h (98.5 and 92.3 EGP/Fed) depending on the power requirements.