Abat Pangereyev’s scientific contributions

The need for a comprehensive study of this key topic for understanding the way of life of the Kazakhs forms the relevance of this study. The purpose of the article is to determine the geographical spread of Kazakh children's folklore. In the process of the research, various methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, the ascent from the abstract to the concrete and vice versa, the descriptive method, the comparative method, the comparative typological method, the historical chronological method, the method of critical analysis and the scientific dialectical method. The article is a study of the geographical area of Kazakh children's folklore. As a result of the study, it was concluded that its history and formation go back to the beginning of the ethnogenesis of modern Turkic peoples.

Toponyms, not just geographical names, carry historical, geographical, and linguistic information and provide rich evidence of epochs. The names of places mirror the culture and lifestyle of people related to them and have unique features. Toponymical researches have a long history, however, there are some problems that complicate the interpretation of toponyms. Disputable issues related to the definition of toponyms sources require greater attention from linguistics, and historical and geographical sciences. The present study aims to explore Turkic hydronyms with the components "aq/ak" and "qara/kara" to identify their nomination specificity. The descriptive research design employs the methods of a complex linguistic and etymological analysis. The research data comprises of Turkic hydronyms, naming bodies of water located in the territory of the Eurasian space – Afghanistan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. The conducted study demonstrates that the nomination of the hydronyms with the components "aq/ak" and "qara/kara" is not related to the color specifics of the bodies of water. The hydronyms with the component "aq/ak" name the water resources that are mountain snowy waters and originate from glaciers, whereas the component "qara/kara" in Turkic hydronyms indicates the spring origin of waters.

The similarity of literature and culture, language and religion of the Turkic peoples is explained by the fact that their historical destinies are intertwined in one channel. A natural phenomenon is the absence of a significant difference in the ethnogenetic and ethnolinguistic attitudes of related peoples who lived in direct contact and close to each other. The article analyzed the concept of “homeland”, which occupies a special place in the worldview of the Turkic peoples, and considered the common motives of the love of the Turkic peoples for their native land. At the same time, scientific works were taken as a basis, in which a number of problems of Turkology were investigated, values such as patriotism, protection of the country and land found in the folklore heritage of fraternal peoples were compared. The native land is a sacred, revered concept for any nation. For the human race, the umbilical cord is a place where blood drips and becomes a golden cradle. The words «Otan», «atameken», «tuğan jer», «atajūrt» give a sacred representation in the worldview of the Turkic peoples. To consider the native land sacred, the veneration and glorification of the native land is reflected in the heritage of all the oral literatures of the Turkic peoples, starting with the legends and myths that arose in antiquity. The similarity of the motives of wearing the native land in the oral literature of the Tatar, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Bashkir peoples is inextricably linked with the historical and cultural development of fraternal peoples deeply rooted in their roots.

This paper identifies the artistic features and functions of toponyms as a historical fact in the epic “Yedige”. The materials of the study are the Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Tatar national versions of the epic poem “Yedige”, which are the carriers of the historical memory of the Turkic peoples. The purpose of this study is to consider toponyms in the epic “Yedige” not only as witnesses of historical events but also as landmarks in time and space. The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative, and comparative-historical methods. It was revealed that the names of real geographical objects are used in the epic “Yedige”, the description of which still corresponds to reality. This indicates that most of the events that are described in the studied national versions of the epic are to a large extent echoes of actual historical events that took place in the distant past of the Turkic peoples in the era of the Golden Horde. On the other hand, the names of geographical objects in the epic can also have a mythological basis, sometimes the fruit of the imagination of the storytellers themselves. The study of the connection between toponymy and folklore, which contains historical realities, cultural values, and national originality of the Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Tatar ethnic groups, allows us to discover a unique worldview in the folklore and linguistic picture of the Turkic people.