A. Tucciarone's research while affiliated with University of Rome Tor Vergata and other places
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Publications (153)
Recently, solid state photovoltaic Schottky diodes, able to detect ionizing radiation, in particular, x-ray and ultraviolet radiation, have been developed at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata.” We report on a physical and electrical properties analysis of the device and a detailed study of its detection capabilities as determined by its electrica...
We report on the study of the performances of two extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photovoltaic single crystal diamond Schottky diodes based on metal/intrinsic/p-type diamond junction developed at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and having different contact geometries. One detector operates in transverse configuration with a semitransparent metallic...
An improved thermal and fast neutrons detector is obtained, modifying a recently proposed multilayered homoepitaxial Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond detector (M. Marinelli, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 143509), where a 6LiF layer deposited on the sensing layer was used to convert thermal neutrons into charged particles. By sandwichin...
High performance neutron detectors sensitive to both thermal and fast neutrons are of great interest to monitor the high neutron flux produced, e.g., by fission and fusion reactors. An obvious requirement for such an application is neutron irradiation hardness. This is why diamond based neutron detectors are currently under test in some of these fa...
This paper reports about state-of-the-art artificial Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) neutron detectors based on a multilayered structure and grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique. Multilayered SCD detectors covered with a thin layer of <sup>6</sup>LiF allow the simultaneous detection of both slow and fast neutrons and can operate in puls...
This paper reports on the three new Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) detectors installed at JET for the 2008 Restart campaign. The yields of total neutrons produced during DD plasma pulses as well as the time dependent neutron emission have been measured. The three detectors present some main new developments as for their fabrication characteristics, e...
We report on a new solid state dosimeter based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single crystal diamond fabricated at Roma "Tor Vergata" University laboratories. The dosimeter has been specifically designed for direct neutron dose measurements in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The response to thermal neutrons of the proposed diamond dosimet...
We report on extreme UV (EUV) photodetectors based on CVD single crystal diamond in a p-type/intrinsic/metal configuration fabricated and tested at Roma “Tor Vergata” University laboratory, operating in a sandwich geometry. Particular care has been devoted to the design of the device geometry in order to take advantage of the internal junction elec...
During the 2005–2007 JET experimental campaigns a Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) detector covered with a 2-μm thick LiF film 95% enriched in 6Li was installed at JET and operated continuously during the whole experimental campaign with the goal to measure both the total and the time-dependent neutron emission from plasmas.After reviewing the history...
Diamond exhibits many properties such as an outstanding radiation hardness and fast response time both important to design detectors working in extremely radioactive environments. Among the many applications these devices can be used for, there is the development of a fast and radiation hard neutron detector for the next generation of fusion reacto...
Synthetic single crystal diamonds in a p-type/intrinsic/metal structure were tested as dosimeters for radiotherapy. The devices have been analyzed by using 6 and 10 MV Bremsstrahlung X-ray beams and electron beams from 6 MeV up to 18 MeV from a CLINAC DHX Varian accelerator. All measurements have been performed in a water phantom and ionization cha...
Recently, a compact solid-state neutron detector capable of simultaneously detecting thermal and fast neutrons was proposed [
M. Marinelli et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 143509 (2006)
]. Its design is based on a p-type/intrinsic/metal layered structure obtained by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of homoepitaxial diamond followed by...
Artificial diamond neutron detectors recently proved to be promising devices to measure the neutron production on large experimental fusion machines. Diamond detectors are very promising detectors to be used in fusion environment due to their radiation hardness, low sensitivity to gamma rays, fast response and high energy resolution. High quality “...
Diamond based thermal neutron flux monitors have been fabricated using single crystal diamond films, grown by chemical vapour deposition. A 3 μm thick 6LiF layer was thermally evaporated on the detector surface as a converting material for thermal neutron monitoring via the 6Li(n, ) T nuclear reaction. The detectors were tested in a fission nuclear...
Thermal neutron flux monitors were fabricated using chemical vapor deposited single crystal diamond in a p -type/intrinsic/metal/ <sup>6</sup> Li F layered structure. They were placed 80 cm above the core midplane of a 1 MW research fission reactor, where the maximum neutron flux is 2.2×10<sup>9</sup> neutrons / cm <sup>2</sup> s . Good stability a...
This work reports on the development and characterization of bi-dimensional deep-UV sensor arrays based on synthetic diamond to address the requirements of space-born astrophysical experiments. The material was synthesized at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” where both heteroepitaxial polycrystalline diamond films and homoepitaxial single-cryst...
Polycrystalline (pCVD) and single crystal (scCVD) diamond films grown from Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), if sufficiently pure at Raman analysis, are very good materials for beam or flux monitors inside accelerators or nuclear reactors. This is because they are very hard to damage in high radiation fields and very resistant to high temperatures....
The photoresponse of high quality single crystal diamond films homoepitaxially grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) onto low cost diamond substrates has been studied. The time evolution electrical response to the excitation by 5 ns laser pulses at 215 nm closely reproduces the laser pulse shape. The single crystal diamond response is therefore...
Fabrication reproducibility and high performance reliability were obtained in fissile-material-free thermal neutron detectors based on chemical vapor deposited diamond in a multilayered p-type/intrinsic/metal design. Under alpha particle irradiation, all the detectors (more than ten) have shown 100% charge collection efficiency and approximately 1....
Pulsed x-ray dose measurements have been carried at maximum x-ray energies from 40 to 120 KeV out by using a single crystal epitaxial diamond sample grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Delivered doses were between 0.1 and 10 mGy and pulse duration times between 0.01 and 0.5 s. Values of dose linearity index very close to 1 (between 1.02 and 1...
Chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films are considered as neutron detectors for nuclear fusion devices because of their radiation hardness. Data about the radiation hardness of polycrystalline CVD diamond films exposed to 14 MeV neutron are missing in literature so the actual capability of CVD diamond detectors to withstand fusion device condi...
Polycrystalline chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond film is an interesting material for neutron detection and dosimetry.
However, the use of CVD diamond detectors is still limited by the low-level signal pulse produced because of the high energy
required to produce an electron–hole pair in diamond (13.2 eV) and by the reduced charge collection...
The deposition conditions and the detection properties of a homoepitaxial diamond film, grown by microwave Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on a HPHT single crystal substrate are reported. The charge collection spectrum, measured under irradiation with a triple 239Pu 241Am 244Cm source emitting 5.16, 5.48 and 5.80 MeV α-particles respectively, shows...
High-quality single-crystal diamond films were homoepitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition onto low cost high-pressure high-temperature diamond substrates. The transport properties of the obtained samples were studied by photoresponse characterization. Fast ultraviolet (5 ns) laser pulses at 215 nm were used as a probe. The time evolution of...
A new thermochemical sensor was developed exploiting the unique properties of CVD-diamond. The thermal transduction step was based on the electric signal produced by a semiconductor–metal thermocouple. A thin film of boron doped polycrystalline diamond was grown by plasma enhanced CVD technique with CH3OH+B2O3 vapour addition. The high melting poin...
The detection properties of a UV photodetector realized on a 150 μm thick CVD single crystal diamond film, grown at Roma “Tor Vergata” University on a low cost HPHT diamond substrate, are reported. The device was tested in the 210–2400 nm spectral range using pulsed laser irradiation and in the 20–250 nm range in continuous mode by both a deuterium...
Polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond detectors are of great interest in harsh environments due to their capability to operate even at high temperature and to withstand great neutron fluencies. Their use is of interest in many fields including the nuclear fusion reactors. In this paper the successful characterization of polycrystal...
The growth conditions and the detection properties of a homoepitaxial diamond film, deposited in Roma “Tor Vergata” University Laboratories by microwave chemical vapor deposition on a high-pressure high-temperature single-crystal substrate are reported. An energy resolution as low as 1.1% was achieved when irradiating the device with 5.5 MeV α-part...
High-quality single-crystal diamond films, homoepitaxially grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition, have been used to produce diamond-based photodetectors. Such devices were tested over a very wide spectral range, from the extreme ultraviolet (UV) (20 nm) up to the near IR region (2400 nm). An optical parametric oscillator tunable laser was us...
Defects limiting the movement of charge carriers in polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films are located within the grains or in grain boundaries. Their geometrical distribution in the sample is different and is usually unknown. We present here a method to quantitatively evaluate the concentration and distribution of in-grain a...
A polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond detector was installed on a JET tokamak in order to monitor the time dependent 14 MeV neutron emission produced by D–T plasma pulses during the Trace Tritium Experiment (TTE) performed in October 2003. This was the first tentative ever attempted to use a CVD diamond detector as neutron monito...
Carrier free paths in Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond films depend on the presence of traps, which therefore strongly affect the performance of those CVD diamond based devices which rely on the electronic properties of the material, like radiation detectors. For the same reason, these devices can in turn be used as tools to study carrier d...
A method to measure independently the electron and hole mean drift distance (CCD) in CVD diamond is presented. Very high quality CVD diamond films were grown, and used as particle detectors. Their efficiency is measured as a function of the particle penetration depth under 5.5 MeV 241Am α-particles irradiation. The data are then fitted with a theor...
CVD diamond is an interesting material for radiation detection, its atomic number (Z = 6) is close to that of soft tissues (Z = 7.1) and it can also work in harsh environments. Since many years CVD diamond films have been grown at the Faculty of Engineering, Rome 'Tor Vergata' University, and in 1998 a collaboration with ENEA Fusion Division was es...
A method is presented to selectively characterize the traps involved in the pumping procedure of diamond films. The pumping process strongly reduces the concentration of active carrier trapping centers, leading to an enhancement of electronic properties of such material, and is obtained by irradiating the diamond films with ionizing radiation. Sinc...
This work reports on the development and characterization of large area (1 cm2) vacuum UV CVD diamond photodetectors to address the requirements of space missions where pixel and 2D arrays are used. The quality of the CVD diamond was characterized by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The performance of these devices in the dark and under il...
The analysis of the time behavior of pulses generated by CVD diamond films irradiated with α-particles has been recently shown to be a general and powerful tool to investigate trap properties in diamond films (M. Marinelli et al., Phys. Rev. B 64 (2001) 195205). We use here this technique to measure the activation energy of traps in CVD diamond fil...
The deposition of diamond films on silicon substrate by MWPECVD is described and microstructural characteristics of the obtained films are reported. The resistive and piezoresistive properties of the diamond-on-silicon films have been measured beyond 200 C by means of a purposely developed apparatus, and experimental results are reported. The piezo...
A simple technique for measuring the electron and hole mean drift distance in chemical vapor deposition polycrystalline diamond in the as-grown and in the so-called pumped state obtained by 90Sr β-particle irradiation is presented. To this purpose, the efficiency η of a diamond-based particle detector was measured using a 5.5-MeV 241Am α-particle s...
The carbon bonding modifications, produced by the different deposition conditions in nitrogenated a-C:H films (a-C:H:N) prepared by reactive-sputtering of a graphite target, are investigated by quantitatively analysing the evolution of the D- and G-bands in the Raman spectra. The film C content is evaluated and shown to depend on the many variables...
The transport properties in synthetic diamond are studied using high quality diamond films grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In particular, electron and hole contributions to the diamond carrier dynamics are successfully separated and defect distribution inside specimens is obtained. This is achieved through a syst...
Proper hydrogen addition in sputtered carbon nitrides is shown to remarkably reduce the film internal constraints. Significant differences in the hydrogen bonding are evidenced by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Thus, the small variation (from 14 to 20%) of the total film H-content is accompanied by relevant changes in the microstructures of a-CN:H fil...
Proper analysis of the Raman (and IR) spectra of amorphous carbon nitride-based alloys can give information on the carbon and nitrogen distributions in the material. In fact, a correlation exists between the relative carbon content in such films and the center of the G-band, and on this basis we have drawn a ‘rule of thumb’ allowing us to obtain an...
The present study is focused on the vibrational and structural characterization of a set of disordered hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-CN:H) thin films grown by reactive sputtering. A comparative analysis of the experimental results as achieved by Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies is made. The disorder-induced features of IR and Raman spectra a...
Many outstanding properties of diamond can, in principle, lead to the development of radiation detectors with interesting capabilities. In particular, diamond-based nuclear particle detectors are good candidates to replace silicon-based detectors in several fields, e.g. in high-flux applications such as next generation particle-accelerator experime...
An analysis of the time evolution of the response of diamond particle detectors is carried out, using as a probe 5.5 MeV α particles impinging on high-quality diamond films grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Both the amplitude and the time evolution of the pulses are shown to change drastically when the detector is preirradiated wi...
A systematic Raman analysis has been carried out on diamond films prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, using a CH4–CO2 gas mixture at methane concentrations varying between 47 and 52%, at 750 and 850°C substrate temperatures, in order to assess the influence of the growth conditions on the film crystalline quality, as m...
Layer-by-layer pulsed-laser deposition has been used to grow ultrathin superconducting (Ba0.9Nd0.1)CuO2+x/CaCuO2 artificial structures with various thicknesses of the two constituent layers. Superconductivity was observed in the ultrathin structure consisting of a single CaCuO2 superconducting block sandwiched between two (Ba0.9Nd0.1)CuO2+x blocks....
Pulsed laser deposition in molecular-beam epitaxy environment has been used to grow high quality BaCuOx/CaCuO2 superlattices. In situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) shows that the growth mechanism is two-dimensional. Furthermore, weak but reproducible RHEED intensity oscillations have been monitored during the growth. Ex situ X...
Diamond based particle detectors were built up using high quality diamond films grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The efficiency (η) and charge collection distance (CCD) of such devices were tested by a 5.5 Mev 241Am α-particle source. Their response times were then carefully investigated both in the as-grown normal state and afte...
A systematic investigation on the influence of metal–diamond interfaces on the electro-optical properties and on the UV response of CVD diamond photo-detectors was carried out in order to identify the optimal electric contacts maximizing the performance. To this purpose, a set of four nearly identical diamond samples has been grown using the microw...
Because of its high radiation hardness, diamond can be used better than other materials in the intense radiation field characterizing the interior region of a particle beam in an accelerator. In effect, the measurements reported here were carried out by placing diamond detectors under continuous irradiation in the 26-MeV proton beam of the 15-MV TA...
We have grown good-quality epitaxial LiNbO3 thin films on (0001) sapphire substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The growth conditions permitted us to deposit c-axis oriented films avoiding the problem of the LiNb3O8 Li-deficient phase. The chemical composition of thin films was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry and res...
The Raman spectra of sputter-grown a-C:H(N) films are analyzed giving particular emphasis to the regions below and above that dominated by the well-known D and G bands, in order to deduce complementary information about the film physical properties and eventually clarify the nature of the features there detected. The conventionally studied evolutio...
The efficiency and charge collection distance (CCD) of nuclear particle detectors based on high quality diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been systematically studied as a function of the methane content in the growth gas mixture and for varying film thickness. The effects of preirradiation with β particles (pumping) have b...
High quality synthetic diamonds were grown on single-crystal silicon by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition
(CVD). A careful optimisation of both the experimental setup and the growth parameters was necessary before that the achievement
of the best results was made possible. The films were deposited using a CH4-H2 gas mixture at me...
High quality synthetic diamonds have been grown on single-crystal silicon by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, using a CH4–H2 gas mixture at variable methane concentrations in the range 0.6–2.2%. Film surface morphology and preferential orientation have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Ram...
Microwave CVD diamond films with very high particle detection efficiency have been obtained using a NIRIM-type reactor. The efficiency and charge collection distance (CCD) of nuclear particle detectors based on these films have been systematically studied as a function both of the methane contents in the growth gas mixture and of the film thickness...
We investigate the epitaxial properties of LiNbO3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition on different single-crystal substrates such as SrTiO3(1 0 0), NdGaO3(1 1 0) and MgO(1 1 1) by using several X-ray diffraction methods: conventional X-ray diffraction, X-ray reciprocal space mapping and azimuthal X-ray scans. The different domain structures and...
Diamond is a very attractive material to realise nuclear detectors due do its outstanding properties. In order to realise the detectors described in this work, diamond films were grown on silicon by microwave chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using an H2–CH4 gas mixture. The α particle spectra were measured by using a 5.5 MeV 241Am source. A maximum...
We present an investigation on the fabrication of synthetic diamond based photon detectors. These devices are made by depositing
small gap interdigitated contacts on polycrystalline diamond films grown by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition.
Gold interdigitated contacts were deposited on the typically rough surface of these films b...
New functional materials are being considered having in perspective an important role in the development of microsystems.
In particular, in an experiment of pulsed laser deposition (equipped with in situ reflection high-energy diffraction of the
growth surface) thin Pt epitaxial layers have been deposited on SrTiO3 (0 0 1) substrates. It is shown t...
Diamond films were grown on silicon by microwave chemical-vapor deposition using a CH4–H2 gas mixture. The crystalline quality of the films was assessed through their α-particle detection performance, a property highly sensitive to film quality, by using a 5.5 MeV 241Am source. A maximum collection efficiency η of 70%, 50% being the average value,...
A set of diamond films was grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition using a CO2–CH4 gas mixture. Film morphology, preferential orientation and crystal quality were systematically changed by varying the CH4 concentration and substrate temperature in the ranges 47–52% and 750–850 °C, respectively. The resulting films were charact...
A detailed Raman analysis is carried out in order to explain the results of the systematic morphological and mechanical characterisation
of unhydrogenated and hydrogenated amorphous carbon films prepared by the pulsed laser deposition at substrate temperatures
ranging from 25 to 600°C. The carbon bonding modifications produced by the different dep...
Recently the application of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to grow different material of relevant interest for applications, especially in the field of micro devices, has been considered. We show that thin films of diamond like carbon (DLC) can be grown by means of the PLD technique, using an XeCl excimer laser. Their characterization was...
Summary Several sets of diamond films have been grown by Microwave Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MWPECVD) using CH4-H2 and CO2-CH4 gas mixtures. The growth conditions were systematically changed in order to obtain different film morphologies, preferential
orientations and crystal qualities. In particular, the CH4 concentration in the g...
The aim of the present work was to investigate the correlation between response to UV photons and crystal orientation in diamond films. Some chemical vapor deposition diamond samples were exposed to UV radiation (4–6 eV) and the photocurrent measured applying several electric fields. The orientation of diamond films has been checked by X-ray diffra...
Summary The typical problem is addressed of the numerical approximation of the physical laws ruling the behaviour of systems, whose
modelling requires handling a great number of variables. A semi-empirical method is proposed as a physical approach to the
solution of this problem, usually faced by means of purely mathematical techniques. Demonstrati...
Recently the application of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to grow different material of relevant interest for applications, especially in the field of micro devices, has been considered. We show that thin films of diamond like carbon (DLC) can be grown by means of the PLD technique, using an XeCl excimer laser. Their characterization was...
Diamond films grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition have been investigated as particle detectors for nuclear physics. A CH4CO2 gas mixture was used as gas feed during the growth process. The film morphology, preferential orientation and crystal quality were systematically changed by varying the deposition parameters. In part...
Synthetic diamond films have been used to fabricate both particle and UV-radiation detectors. A CH4-CO2 gas mixture was used as a gas feed during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth process. Film morphology, preferential orientation and crystal quality were systematically changed by varying the deposition parameters. In particular, the subst...
In this paper, Monte Carlo modelling of electron scattering in a general composite substrate in the elastic regime is considered. In spite of the great number of physical variables involved in the process, a simplified formulation of the problem in terms of a limited number of dimensioniess parameters is demonstrated by a modified application of Bu...
A set of diamond films was grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition (MWCVD) using a CH4-H2 gas mixture. Structural and crystallographic defects were induced in the samples either by choosing a relatively high substrate temperature, Ts=950 °C or by intentional contamination. In addition, different preferential orientations were obtained by appro...
Summary Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering in solids is considered and an extremely simplified picture of the process is
demonstrated by a semi-empirical application of the Π theorem of dimensional analysis. The case of electron beam lithography
is presented as an example. A set of parameters fully characterising the process is derived,...
Summary The typical problem is addressed of system and process modelling depending on a large number of variables. Demonstration is
given that the number of independent variables can be dramatically reduced, by a modified application of Buckingham's theorem
of dimensional analysis, resulting in a simplified formulation of the problem in terms of a...
In this paper, Buckingham's theorem on physically similar systems is applied for the first time to the derivation of interpolation curves of numerical data. A simplified dependence of the curves on a limited number of effective dimensionless parameters is found by a novel approach. In particular, the method is applied to Monte Carlo modelling and t...
Electron scattering phenomena, occuring in the pattering of tungsten/carbon reflection-masks for X-ray projection lithography, are theoretically investigated. A bi-layer resist subtractive process is analysed by Monte Carlo simulation and proximity-effect evaluation. Results are utilised in order to calculate resist development profiles. Electron-b...
The theorem of Dimensional Analysis, usually applied to the inference of physical laws, is for the first time applied to the derivation of interpolation curves of numerical data, leading to a simplified dependence on a reduced number of arguments , dimensionless combination of variables. In particular, Monte Carlo modelling of electron beam lithogr...
A theoretical investigation of electron-scattering properties of diamond substrates is presented. A complete simulation combining Monte Carlo calculation of energy deposition and a resist development model is carried out for evaluating the suitability of diamond as a membrane for high-resolution X-ray masks, with respect to silicon. Simulation resu...
A theoretical investigation is presented of electron scattering effects in tungsten/carbon mask fabrication process for x-ray projection lithography. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out and results are utilised to evaluate proximity effects. Electron-beam energy (20 to 100 keV) and mask substrate material (silicon and diamond) are process varia...
The scattering properties of low-Z high-density materials are discussed, through Monte Carlo simulation, in view of their utilization as membranes for X-ray masks. The interplay between low atomic number and high atomic density is discussed and a comparison with silicon is carried out, both in case of bulk targets and membranes. The low Z causes sm...