A Macela's research while affiliated with University of Defense and other places

... Francisella tularensis is another zoonotic pathogen that represents a serious threat in the US (Schmid 1983;Pohanka et al. 2008), but as with Y. pestis, there was no evidence of its presence in the Sonoran region. This bacterium is transmitted primarily by ticks in certain regions (Schmid 1983); we did not find any ticks during the three sampling periods of our study. ...

... Understanding the surface proteome of C. burnetii is of special importance because it can reveal the complexity of biological processes taking place at the interface between the bacterium and the external milieu [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. These environment-accessible, surface-exposed and cell envelope associated proteins (SECEP), are not only involved in the uptake of nutrients and the release of waste, but they also support physical interactions of the bacteria with living surfaces and serve as sensors for extracellular signals [27][28][29][30][31][32]. They have key roles in biogenesis of the OM bilayer, cell envelope homeostasis, cell adhesion, ion, metabolite or drug transport, antibiotic and bacteriocin resistance, signal transduction, redox processes, protein secretion. ...

... the study of the pathogenesis of hypertension (Hong et al., 2009;Ehret et al., 2008;Maruthamuthu and Kandasamy, 2016;Yang et al., 2016;Zhu et al., 2011). FGF5 is one of the fibroblast growth factors and the existing studies showed that it played an important role in the control of the animal hair growth process (Higgins et al., 2014;Kubelkova and Macela, 2015;Haitham, 2016;Chen et al., 2013). The GWAS found that inside or nearby area of FGF5 gene was the susceptible region of primary hypertension (Dierks et al., 2013;Gao, et al., 2017a,b;Lin et al., 2011). ...

... In parallel, it was demonstrated that a substantial antibody response of human patients occurred within the second week of infection 54 . Studies on the host genetic background of resistance to experimental Francisella infections [56][57][58] and the participation of neutrophils, NK cells, or B cells in the resistance to primary tularemia infection 13,33,59,60 drew attention to early innate immunity. This innate (natural, genetic, or inherent) immunity (or resistance) has been defined as "the ability of an organism to resist the effect of an ecological or physiological agent in the absence of any acquired (reactive) immunity" 61 . ...

... The conventional detection method for F. tularensisis requires at least three days of bacterial cultivation and identification using specific media (Pohanka et al., 2008). As an alternative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been utilized due to its selectivity, speed, and sensitivity. ...

... Oxidative stress in the cell arises when the concentration of pro-oxidants like H 2 O 2 and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) increase to levels that exceed the cells defense capacity. The production of reactive oxygen (ROS) leads to the damage of intracellular macromolecules such DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids in the cell resulting in bacterial death or bacteriostasis, however intracellular bacteria including Francisella have developed oxidative stress defense systems that are designed to detoxify ROS [41,42] that are generated following respiratory burst. Expression profile of Francisella noatunensis subsp. ...

... Relatively few investigations have been carried out to study the antimutagenic effects of glucans in vitro. The available examples involve their action on murine splenocytes of cell lines YAC 1 and K 562 [10], however, it can be assumed that the physiological state of these cell lines differs from that of the normal cells. Gábelová and Plešková [11] studied the ability of carboxymethyl glucan (CM-G) to act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species in human colon cancer cells Caco-2 cultured in vitro. ...

... At the turn of the millennium, brand-new tularemia research stimuli were discovered on a molecular level due to the development of advanced proteomic analyses of both pathogen and infected host cells. A proteomic technology based on combining various gel electrophoresis procedures, a Western blot technique, and mass spectrometry identification approaches were used for analyzing F. tularensis immunoreactive proteins [38][39][40][41][42], for identifying unique typing markers of Francisella subspecies [43][44][45], and for studying host-pathogen interaction at a molecular level. These studies were ranging from a subcellular proteome of bacterial membranes [46][47][48] to bacterial secreted proteins important for early stages of a host-pathogen interaction [49]. ...

... substances" (18). The results were summarized in a research report dated 12 June 1989 (19). ...

... The LPS of F. tularensis LVS does not act as an agonist or antagonist of TLR4 and is not bound by LPS binding protein (LBP) [90]. With these data in mind, it is not surprising that mice lacking functional TLR4 do not exhibit an increased susceptibility to Francisella infection [91]. ...