A Gregory DiRienzo's research while affiliated with University at Albany, The State University of New York and other places
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Publications (35)
Conclusion:
Newborn screening programs should be cognizant of seasonal temperature variations and (un)anticipated manufacturer kit changes because they may affect 17-OHP values and CAH referral rates. What is Known: • Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia is generally performed by measuring 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels in...
Depression is known to increase diabetes risk and worsen glycemic control in older adults, who already experience high rates of diabetes. The independent impact of antidepressants on glucose control is less clear. Data was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a large nationally-representative longitudinal study of retired individuals. Crude...
Introduction:
Studies on the relationships between antidepressant medications and A1C, a measure of glucose levels over the past three months, have resulted in mixed findings. Most available research examined subclass effects. The current study aims to measure the association between individual antidepressant medications and A1C in a large nationa...
We propose a flexible continuation ratio (CR) model for an ordinal categorical response with potentially ultrahigh dimensional data that characterizes the unique covariate effects at each response level. The CR model is the logit of the conditional discrete hazard function for each response level given covariates. We propose two modeling strategies...
A new objective methodology is proposed to select the parsimonious set of important covariates that are associated with a censored outcome variable Y; the method simplifies to accommodate uncensored outcomes. Covariate selection proceeds in an iterated forward manner and is controlled by the pre-chosen upper bound for the number of covariates to be...
Background
Selenium is an essential trace element that is important for thyroid hormone metabolism and has antioxidant properties which protect the thyroid gland from oxidative stress. The association of selenium, as well as intake of other micronutrients, with thyroid cancer is unclear.
Methods
We evaluated associations of dietary selenium, beta-...
Background
Thyroid cancer incidence has increased significantly over the past three decades due, in part, to incidental detection. We examined the association between randomization to screening for lung, prostate, colorectal and/or ovarian cancers and thyroid cancer incidence in two large prospective randomized screening trials.
Methods
We assesse...
This study examines trends in corticosteroid use for males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy by birth year, race/ethnicity, and knowledge of Duchenne muscular dystrophy family history. Firstborn males (n = 521) selected from a population-based surveillance system of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were analyzed using Kaplan Meier and regression methods....
Objective:
To assess the effect of multiple sources of bias on state- and hospital-specific National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) laboratory-identified Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates.
Design:
Sensitivity analysis.
Setting:
A total of 124 New York hospitals in 2010.
Methods:
New York NHSN CDI events from audited hospitals wer...
This paper proposes and evaluates an objective methodology to select a parsimonious conditional-mean model when faced with multiple candidate predictor variables. The methodology attempts to fine-tune a well-established covariate screening method such as iterative sure independence screening with smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty by using...
The degree to which case surveillance captures persons ever infected with HCV is unknown. We determined the discrepancy between HCV seroprevalence, estimated from national survey data, among adults in New York State in 2008 (n = 286 262, or 1.95%) and the number of infected persons reported to the state's surveillance hepatitis registries (n = 144...
BACKGROUND: In 2010, all acute care hospitals in New York State (NYS) reported Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) following the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Laboratory-Identified Event (LabID) Protocol. CDI is classified as community- or hospital-associated within each hospital based only on laboratory testing performed within that...
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States, can lead to decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure and death. No comprehensive assessment of the morbidity and mortality in New York State (NYS) has been done to examine both the current and future burden. The aim of th...
It has been hypothesized that birth weight is not on the causal pathway to infant mortality, at least among "normal" births (i.e. those located in the central part of the birth weight distribution), and that US racial disparities (African American versus European American) may be underestimated. Here these hypotheses are tested by examining the rol...
The metabolic effects of initial therapy for HIV-1 infection are important determinants of regimen selection.
Open-label study in 753 subjects randomized equally to efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir(r) plus two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) vs. the NRTI-sparing regimen of lopinavir/r plus efavirenz. Zidovudine, stavudine, or teno...
Simplified maintenance therapy with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/RTV) alone is attractive because of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing benefits, low pill burden, once-daily dosage, and safety.
Subjects with virologic suppression after > or = 48 weeks of initial antiretroviral therapy with 2 NRTIs and a protease inhibito...
Clinicians are often interested in the effect of covariates on survival probabilities at prespecified study times. Because different factors can be associated with the risk of short- and long-term failure, a flexible modeling strategy is pursued. Given a set of multiple candidate working models, an objective methodology is proposed that aims to con...
To control the antibiotic resistance epidemic, it is necessary to understand the distribution of genetic material encoding
antibiotic resistance in the environment and how anthropogenic inputs, such as wastewater, affect this distribution. Approximately
two-thirds of antibiotics administered to humans are β-lactams, for which the predominant bacter...
The use of either efavirenz or lopinavir-ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is recommended for initial therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but which of the two regimens has greater efficacy is not known. The alternative regimen of lopinavir-ritonavir plus efavirenz may...
Understanding how long-term clinical outcomes relate to short-term response to therapy is an important topic of research with a variety of applications. In HIV, early measures of viral RNA levels are known to be a strong prognostic indicator of future viral load response. However, mutations observed in the high-dimensional viral genotype at an earl...
The long-term adverse effects, expense, and difficulty of adherence to antiretroviral regimens have led to studies of simpler maintenance therapies. Maintenance therapy with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir alone is a possible option because of low pill burden, once-daily dosing, safety, and unique resistance profile.
To assess whether simplified maint...
Comparing two large multivariate distributions is potentially complicated at least for the following reasons. First, some variable/level combinations may have a redundant difference in prevalence between groups in the sense that the difference can be completely explained in terms of lower-order combinations. Second, the total number of variable/lev...
When testing the null hypothesis that treatment arm-specific survival-time distributions are equal, the log-rank test is asymptotically valid when the distribution of time to censoring is conditionally independent of randomized treatment group given survival time. We introduce a test of the null hypothesis for use when the distribution of time to c...
Medical management of HIV infection requires an understanding of the relationship between viral genetic sequences and viral susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs. Because of the high dimensionality of the data on viral genotype, traditional statistical methods are not well suited for investigating this relationship. We develop non-parametric metho...
This paper investigates the use of a bivariate endpoint in clinical trials of antiretroviral drugs to treat infection with the HIV. While they provide the most reliable information about treatment effects, clinical events such AIDS or death are relatively rare among newly treated patients with HIV infection. As a result, surrogate endpoints, such a...
We examine the asymptotic and small sample properties of model-based and robust tests of the null hypothesis of no randomized treatment effect based on the partial likelihood arising from an arbitrarily misspecified Cox proportional hazards model. When the distribution of the censoring variable is either conditionally independent of the treatment g...
We compared the occurrences of several types of infections in HIV-infected patients participating in a randomized clinical trial of three treatment strategies given for the primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmosis. In a phase III open label trial, 842 patients with HIV infection and fewer than 200 CD4+ cells/mm(3...
When censoring depends on both treatment group and covariates, tests for a randomised treatment effect arising from D.R. Cox’s proportional hazards model [J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B 34, 187-220 (1972; Zbl 0243.62041)] are not in general centred at zero under the null and can be seriously distorted. We propose a corrected test that modifies the at-ris...
When conducting a clinical trial to compare K ‚ 2 treatments, it is essential to randomize patients to treatment in order to reduce experimental bias. Typically, an equal number of patients are assigned to each treatment group in order to increase the precision of inference con- cerning treatment eect. However, if the treatment dierence is large an...
When dominant information is available about a process, its corresponding spectral density will exhibit a variable order of smoothness. In such situations, calculating a nonparametric spectral estimate with a fixed smoothing parameter will lead to biased spectral estimates. We propose a simple method that allows the bandwidth of the spectral window...
We rely on various nonparametric time series techniques to quantify several autocorrelated Aplysia total motion activity series. The effect of light on total motion activity has been removed. A general model will be proposed for total motion activity, which is found to display a circadian rhythm, and the toxic effect of PCBs on total motion activit...
Citations
... The rate was low among younger Thais and slightly higher in older individuals. The increasing HCV prevalence with age in Thailand was also similarly observed in U.S. and Spain [32][33]. The relatively high HCV positive rate in the northeastern region (7.0% in individuals between 41-50 years of age) was concordant with a previous study conducted in 1995 on blood donors in the same region. ...
... Seasonal changes in daily TSH values correlating with an increase in the false-positive rate has been reported previously in Iowa [17]. In addition, seasonal variations have been reported in other enzymes (e.g., immunoreactive trypsinogen, the marker for cystic fibrosis) and hormones (e.g., 17-hydroxyprogesterone, the marker for congenital adrenal hyperplasia) that are routinely measured in NBS programs [17][18][19]. ...
... There were 36 studies that did not meet inclusion criteria for T2DM. Of these, five studies included T2DM as one of many undistinguished comorbidities [41], [45], [55], [65], [81] and four studies did not distinguish diabetic from non-diabetic participants [35], [46]- [48]. The remaining studies (n = 27) did not adequately differentiate type 2 diabetes from other diabetes types [33], [34], [37], [38], [41], [50], [52], [56], [58]- [60], [63], [69], [70], [73], [74], [76], [77], [79], [80], [82]- [84], [86], [87], [89], [90]. ...
... Of these, six studies included antidepressant treatment in their case definition for depression [52], [53], [69], [71], [86], [90]. Eleven studies specifically included participants who did not have depression [32], [39], [47], [48], [57], [66], [76], [78], [82], [87], [88]. The remaining studies (n = 12) did not specify whether participants had depression [38], [40], [41], [43], [54], [56], [58], [59], [68], [84], [85], [92]. ...
... Patients were further hampered by large pill burdens. This led to the exploration of an NRTI-sparing treatment strategy: a one-or two-drug regimen that does not include antiretroviral drugs from the NRTI drug class (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). ...
... Covariates. Based on the literature and sample size considerations, we identified a parsimonious set of covariates: age, education, marital status, and number of years in sex work (DiRienzo, 2016). ...
... In a recent study by Wang et al. 27 supplementation with vitamin C supplementation led to ferritinophagy, leading to the release of free iron and the released iron rejiggered ROS production resulting in ferroptosis of ATC cells. Davanzo et al. 60 found protection against thyroid cancer in patients receiving vitamin C; however, O'Grady et al. 61 found an increased risk of thyroid cancer in patients with higher vitamin C intake. ...
Reference: The interplay between vitamin C and thyroid
... In a clinical trial, patients may be more likely to drop out with some specific value of covariate characteristics, and one treatment group may have a higher dropout rate than the others (Mai, 2008). DiRienzo & Lagakos (2001a, 2001b showed that when the distribution of censoring depends on both the treatment group and the covariates, in general, the null asymptotic distribution of the score test is not centred at zero when the model is misspecified, and the tests of treatment group effect can be severely biased. Heinze et al. (2003) showed that if the censoring distributions are not similar in the two comparison groups, the log-rank test and fitting a regression model, such as fitting a proportional hazards model, may not be valid. ...
... The increased use of LDCT has resulted in increased detection of ITNs, which has subsequently made the issues related to reporting these ITNs more pertinent than before [14]. Until now, there have been some papers that reported the prevalence and malignancy rate of ITNs on chest CTs with different CT protocols and various populations [15][16][17]. ...
... Compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Blacks were found have older ages in initial evaluation, CK testing, first neurology/ neuromuscular visit, and DNA/ muscle biopsy testing; Hispanics have older ages in CK and DNA/ muscle biopsy testing. Another MD STARnet study showed significantly less corticosteroid use by Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black individuals when compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts [16]. Using MD STARnet data from a structured interview with 34 primary caregivers of young men with DMD, racial/ethnic differences in the receipt of services were not found, although it was noted that, overall, potentially beneficial health care services were frequently not utilized [17]. ...