A. G. Bell’s scientific contributions

sophie: a step towards a reactive learning environment

The report describes the programming approach used to implement a simulated laboratory training situation in which a student is allowed to troubleshoot a defective regulated power supply. The ways in which students can use English to ask questions about and manipulate the simulated device are described. The techniques developed to recognize English, to simulate the electronic circuit, and to model the student's knowledge about the circuit are explained. A conclusions section explains the generality of the work performed, and possible extensions of the techniques to other training situations.

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sophie: a step towards a reactive learning environment

... The role of the human teacher was largely to introduce the system to the learner and then leave them to it. For example, the Sophie system helped an individual learner debug an electronic circuit by providing an exploratory environment in which various hypotheses about a bug in the displayed circuit could be tested and possibly fixed (Brown, Burton, & Bell, 1975). At that time any ethical issue about teaching or about the collection of learner data was not uppermost in the minds of the developers of the system. ...
Reference:
The overlapping ethical imperatives of human teachers and their Artificially Intelligent assistants

Citing Article

Sophie - a sophisticated instructional environment for teaching electronic trouble-shooting

... These systems are perhaps the closest to the constructivist ideal of situated learning, as they typically provide an environment for the student to experiment in as a basis for the tutoring. The rst such system was SOPHIE-I [27,28], which simulated electric circuits. This system did not use a student model or pedagogical model, but simply provided a simulated lab for the student to try dierent tasks. ...
Reference:
Case-Based Tutoring with Concept Maps

Citing Article
September 1974