A. B. Sanin’s research while affiliated with Russian Academy of Sciences and other places

... Due to the evolution of the lunar spin axis, old cold traps should have more ice than young cold traps. The LCROSS impact site is in a young PSR (it became permanently shadowed only ∼0.9 Ga ago) [22,91], but has a high excess of hydrogen based on LEND data [57,82], which was one of the reasons the location was chosen for the LCROSS experiment. Moreover, the LEND data do not suggest the oldest PSRs (e.g., Shackleton Crater) have the most ice. ...

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Current Theories of Lunar Ice

... Considering the liquids in the Martian subsurface perchlorate brines might form in the shallow subsurface at high northern latitudes [55], where grain size related adsorption plays a strong role, producing up to 0.5-1 wt % adsorbed water in the low and mid-latitudes [56]. Specific analysis by the Dynamic Albedo of Neutron (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's Curiosity rover the abundance of water and chlorine Gale crater was measured, and Water-equivalent hydrogen (WEH) values showed variability between 2 and 3 wt% [57] there. Further indirect indications could come from the influence on impact ejecta distribution both regarding ejection angles and velocities (Aleksandra et al., 2024), and by future seismo-acoustic method to characterize subsurface water on Mars [58]. ...

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FlyRadar –targets for future drone based GPR survey on Mars

... The lower dose values in the MCNP simulation are due to the spectrum used in the simulation corresponding to a lower altitude and inclination compared to the LEO-DOS mission. Due to the high inclination of the LEO-DOS mission, NS passes through a polar region with low vertical cutoff rigidities, which can cause the generation of more albedo neutrons due to the higher GCR intensity (Dachev et al. 2023). Considering these points, it was concluded that the measured values showed good agreement with the values predicted by the simulation. ...

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Initial Results of Low Earth Orbit Space Radiation Dosimeter on Board the Next Generation Small Satellite-2

... To detect ice at equatorial latitudes is possible only in deep canyons (Mitrofanov et al., 2022a). According to data of neutron logging activated using a neutron pulse generator at MSL, the mass fraction of water along the rover path was from ≤0.5 to ≥6% (Mitrofanov et al., 2022b). ...

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Scientific Instrumentation Complex for the ExoMars-2022 Landing Platform

... This method can comprehensively measure electrons, protons, and heavy ions, and, according to recent international advancements, can also assess high-energy penetrating particles [19]. This method has been extensively implemented on satellites such as Mars Odyssey, Curiosity, and Solar-Orbiter [20][21][22][23]. ...

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Design and Development of Energy Particle Detector on China’s Chang’e-7

... Earth-Moon and Solar-Moon visibilities (Djachkova et al. 2022;Flahaut et al. 2020) are necessary for observing the solar system and understanding its internal mechanisms. Prolonged Earth observations contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the Earth and the moon, thereby enhancing the theoretical framework of Earth's energy balance. ...

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A multi-objective multi-factor integrated method for comprehensive luna base site selection

... An astronaut is separated from outer space by only 3 mm of aluminum protectionthis is the thickness of the wall on the ISS. Aluminum, which is used to create the hulls of manned spacecraft and orbital stations, has the best energy-mass characteristics but does not effectively protect against radiation, and even generates neutrons during high-energy solar flares [4]. ...

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Polymer Boron-Containing Composite for Protecting Astronauts of Manned Orbital Stations from Secondary Neutron Radiation

... Arcadia Planitia is a also a relatively flat region roughly centered at 47.2°N and 184.3°E. Multiple studies suggest that Arcadia Planitia experienced glacial and periglacial activity in the past Bramson et al., 2015;Brough et al., 2019;Dundas et al., 2018;Gallagher & Balme, 2011;Head et al., 2006;Hibbard, Williams, et al., 2021;Kargel et al., 1995;Orgel et al., 2019;Ramsdale et al., 2019;Soare et al., 2008;Viola et al., 2015), and that a buried ice sheet currently exists at shallow depths (Bramson et al., 2015Feldman et al., 2011;Malakhov et al., 2022;Morgan et al., 2021;Pathare et al., 2018). Evidence suggestive of the presence of ice includes features such as thermal contraction polygons Hibbard, Williams, et al., 2021), expanded craters (Viola et al., 2015), viscous flow features (VFFs) attributed to glacial flow Hibbard, Williams, et al., 2021), brain coral terrain (Kostama et al., 2006;N. ...

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Geomorphological Evidence of Near‐Surface Ice at Candidate Landing Sites in Northern Amazonis Planitia, Mars

... The interior plains of the northern Gale crater (Aeolis Palus) contain remnants of eroded alluvial fan deposits (Grotzinger et al., 2012(Grotzinger et al., , 2015. The sedimentary strata of Mount Sharp contain layers that were correlated with phyllosilicate and sulfate mineral signatures in orbital spectroscopy data sets (Anderson, 2010;Czarnecki et al., 2022;Djachkova et al., 2022;Milliken et al., 2010). It is interpreted that the current mound topography results from eolian erosion of sediments that previously covered the crater floor more broadly (Farley et al., 2014;Grotzinger et al., 2015;Malin & Edgett, 2000). ...

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Water and Chlorine in the Martian Subsurface Along the 27 km Traverse of NASA's Curiosity Rover According to DAN Measurements: 2. Results for Distinct Geological Regions

... Gamma-ray measurement holds signifcance in nuclear physics as it pertains to fundamental physics [1][2][3] and radiation measurement [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Te Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, led to the release of radioactive materials. ...

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Energy Calibration and Inverse-Square Law of Radiation in Gamma-Ray Measurement Using a Scintillation Detector for Laboratory Experiments