Abstract: To study the effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) known to have estrogenic actions, and its derivatives, 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) and p-t-butylphenol (TBP), on ionotropic gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABAA receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting both poly(A)(+)RNA prepared from rat whole brain and cRNAs synthesized from cloned cDNAs of alpha (1) and beta (1) subunit of the bovine receptors, and their electrical responses were measured by the voltage clamping method.... Show More
Article · Sep 2001 · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Abstract: To study the effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) known to have estrogenic actions, and its derivatives, 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) and p-t-butylphenol (TBP), on ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting both poly(A)+ RNA prepared from rat whole brain and cRNAs synthesized from cloned cDNAs of alpha1 and beta1 subunit of the bovine receptors, and their electrical responses were measured by the voltage clamping method. BPA... Show More
Article · Oct 2001 · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Abstract: To investigate the kinetics of both the potentiation and desensitization of the response of ionotropic GABA receptors (GABA., receptors) in the presence of various compounds, we expressed receptors composed of alpha (1) and beta (1) subunits by injecting cells with the cRNAs synthesized from cloned bovine GABA, receptor cDNAS and measured the electrical responses of the cells electrophysiologically with or without the compounds. The potentiation of the GABA, receptor-mediated response was... Show More
Abstract: To investigate the kinetics of both the potentiation and desensitization of the response of ionotropic GABAA receptors (GABAA receptors) in the presence of various compounds, we expressed receptors composed of α, and β subunits by
injecting cells with the cRNAs synthesized from cloned bovine GABAAA receptor cDNAs and measured the electrical responses of the cells electrophysiologically with or without the compounds. The
potentiation of the GABAA receptor-mediated response was quantitatively... Show More
Abstract: To study the effects of tea components on ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor response, ionotropic GABA receptors (GABA(A) receptors) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting cRNAs synthesized from cloned cDNAs of the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the bovine receptors, and their electrical responses were measured by a voltage clamping method. Extracts of green tea, black tea, and oolong tea in an aqueous solution induced the GABA-elicited response, which showed that... Show More
Article · Aug 2002 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: To study the effects of polyphenols on the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) response, SGLT1 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting cRNA synthesized from the cloned cDNA of the small intestine cotransporter of rats, and the electrical response elicited by glucose or galactose was measured by a voltage clamping method. Most phenol derivatives had no effect on the response. However, the polyphenols (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg),... Show More
Article · Sep 2002 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: It is well-known that the target of most mood-defining compounds is an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A) receptor). The potentiation of the response of these inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors induces anxiolytic, sedative, and anesthetic activity in the human brain. To study the effects of whiskey fragrance on the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response, GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocyte by injecting rat whole brain mRNA or cRNA prepared from the cloned cDNA... Show More
Article · Dec 2002 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: It is known that the target of most mood-defining compounds such as ethanol is an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A) receptor). The potentiation of the response of these inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors induces anxiolytic, sedative, and anesthetic activities in the human brain. Because both extracts of whiskey by pentane and fragrant components in whiskey potentiate the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response, GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocyte by injecting... Show More
Article · Sep 2003 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: The effects of both coffee components and coffee extract on the electrical responses of GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were studied by injecting cRNAs of the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the bovine receptors. The aqueous extract of coffee dose-dependently inhibited the GABA-elicited responses, whereas the lipophilic extract of coffee by diethyl ether slightly potentiated it at low doses (0.1-0.4 microL/mL) but showed inhibition at high doses (0.5-0.8 microL/mL).... Show More
Article · Jan 2004 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: We electrophysiologically investigated the effect of some fragrant compounds in oolong tea on the response of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABAA receptors) which were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Of the tested fragrances in oolong tea, cis-jasmone, jasmine lactone, linalool oxide and methyl jasmonate significantly potentiated the response. Among these, cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate potently potentiated the response, having a respective dissociation constant of the... Show More
Article · Oct 2004 · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Abstract: Recently, 3-O-octanoyl-(+)-catechin (OC) was synthesized from (+)-catechin (C) by incorporation of an octanoyl chain into C in the light of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which are the major polyphenols found in green tea and have strong physiological activities. OC was found to inhibit the response of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABA(A) receptors) and Na+/glucose cotransporters expressed in Xenopus oocytes in a noncompetitive... Show More
Article · Apr 2005 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: Beer induced the response of the ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors) expressed in Xenopus oocytes, indicating the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like activity. Furthermore, the pentane extract of the beer, hop (Humulus lupulus L.) oil, and myrcenol potentiated the GABA(A) receptor response elicited by GABA. The GABA(A) receptor responses were also potentiated by the addition of aliphatic esters, most of which are reported to be present in beer flavor.... Show More
Article · May 2006 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract: Beverages such as teas, coffee, cacao, and liquors are produced in large quantities and consumed all over the world. Natural components from beverages affect neurotransmitter receptors, especially the GABAA receptors, which are involved in defining mental state and therefore have role in stress management in modern society. These components of beverages modulating the responses of GABAA receptors or other neurotransmitter receptors that affect mental state linked to stress and mood can... Show More
Abstract: To seek out a cheap source of dietary polyphenols and antioxidants along with anti-amylase and antiglucosidase activities, ethanol extracts of eleven cheap Bangladeshi fruits were investigated. The extracts were also examined for anti-allergic activity using rat peritoneal exudate cells exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187. Phyllanthus emblica (emblic myrobalan) had the highest total polyphenol content (339 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), followed by Syzygium cumini (Indian... Show More
Article · May 2008 · Food Science and Technology Research
Abstract: From the dried powder of bark of Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae), hexane (Hex), chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtA), ethanol (Eth), and water (DW) fractions were prepared to study their polyphenol content, antioxidative and anti-histamine-release activities. DW had the highest total polyphenol content, 348 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g followed by Eth (160.5 mg GAE/g). Using DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, measurement of total antioxidant activity and ionophore... Show More
Full-text available · Article · Jan 2009 · Pharmacologyonline
Abstract: From the dried powder of bark of Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae), hexane (Hex), chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtA), ethanol (Eth), and water (DW) fractions were prepared to study their polyphenol content, antioxidative and anti-histamine-release activities. DW had the highest total polyphenol content, 348 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g followed by Eth (160.5 mg GAE/g). Using DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, measurement of total antioxidant activity and ionophore... Show More
Full-text available · Article · Jan 2009 · Pharmacologyonline
Abstract: As part of the search for new sources of mental health supplements, alcohol extracts of 11 Bangladeshi medicinal fruits and plants were investigated for neuropharmacological effects in mice and on ionotropic y-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAA receptors). The extracts of S. caseolaris, T. bellirica, S. cumini, and T. arjuna significantly potentiated the GABA-induced response of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, though the extracts alone induced no response. In mice,... Show More
Full-text available · Article · May 2009 · Food Science and Technology Research
Abstract: After fermentation followed by distillation, whiskey is stored in oak barrels for several years to some tens of years, a process known as aging. During the aging process in oak barrels, colorless distillates turn to amber distillates and the sharp or raw odor typical of fresh whiskey distillates is modified to a rounded, soft, and mellow aroma. Various compounds such as fragrances and polyphenols in the oak are extracted by the whiskey, while water or unpleasant odors pass out of the barrels... Show More
Article · Aug 2009 · Current Nutrition & Food Science
Abstract: In this study, four plants grown naturally in Egypt that are usually consumed by pastoral nomads were screened for their total phenolic contents, antioxidative, and anti-\alpha-amylase activities. Dried powder of plant's part was extracted in absolute or 70% ethanol. A polar extract of Panicum turgidum (PTPE) had the highest total polyphenol content {92.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g}, followed by an alkaloid extract of Withania somnifera (WSAlk; 77.5 mg GAE/g), and an ethanol extract... Show More
Full-text available · Article · Sep 2009 · Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine
Abstract: Alcohol extracts of six Bangladeshi medicinal plants were investigated to search out new sources of supplements or drugs beneficial to human health. All the extracts had polyphenols and antioxidative activity, and inhibited the release of both histamine and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4) induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 from rat peritoneal exudate cells. The extract of mangrove apple (S. caseolaris) had strong anti-oxidative activity and reducing power. The extracts of white mangrove (A.... Show More
Full-text available · Article · Nov 2010 · Pharmacologyonline
Edible mangrove fruit, Sonneratia apetala is a potential source of polyphenols, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial components (Hossain et al. 2012). Some ethanol extracts of Bangladeshi medicinal plants potentiated the response of GABA A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and extended sleeping time in mice given by pentobarbital (Mubassara et al. 2009). An aqueous extract of citrus peel reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide in catechin-enriched green tea (Ayabe and Aoshima 2007).
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: In this study, aqueous extracts of peels of best known citrus fruits namely grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (C. limon), lime (C. aurantifolia) and orange (C. sinensis) were used. Depending on polyphenols content, the extracts were graded as orange > lemon > lime > grapefruit. Effects of the extracts on the release of histamine from rat peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) was measured to know anti-allergic activity. All extracts inhibited the release of histamine from rat PECs induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. Heating of the extracts at 100 °C for 10 min enhanced inhibition of histamine release. Effect of the oral administration of aqueous extract of grapefruit peel on the effusion of Chicago sky blue dye into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice was measured to know the anti-inflammatory activity. The extract potentially suppressed inflammation in the mice cavity as like indometacin, an anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, the extracts of citrus peels are useful for developing anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory foods and supplements.
Thus, the inability to gain access to the closed chloride ion gate in order to reopen it might explain the failure of MJ to prevent seizures due to picrotoxin. It is our opinion that the enhancement of GABA currents previously reported for MJ [9] might perhaps account for its ability to modify some of the components of convulsions induced by PTZ and picrotoxin in mice. However, further studies using experimental models such as kindling, are necessary to determine if MJ is able to modify the epileptogenesis process.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is one of the most well studied plant stress hormones belonging to the jasmonate family. Previous studies had shown that MJ potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time and enhanced GABA-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission, suggesting potential benefits in disorders associated with hyperactivity of the brain. This study was carried out to evaluate whether MJ has anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties in mice. Anticonvulsant effect was assessed based on prevention of tonic-clonic seizures induced by chemoconvulsant agents in mice. Anxiolytic property was evaluated utilizing the elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark transition paradigms. The effect of MJ on spontaneous locomotor activity (SMA) was also assessed. Mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of MJ 30 min before the tests were carried out and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the reference drug. MJ (50-400 mg/kg) did not protect mice against tonic-clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or strychnine (3 mg/kg, i.p.). However, MJ (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) offered 20, 60 and 100 % protection against pentylenetetrazole (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced convulsions. In similar manner to diazepam (2 mg/kg), MJ (400 mg/kg) produced a marked sedative effect as shown by decreases in number of line crossed and the duration of ambulation in the open field test. In contrast to daizepam (2 mg/kg), MJ (5-50 mg/kg) did not show anxiolytic effect in the EPM and light-dark transition paradigms. These findings suggest that methyl jasmonate at high doses possessed anticonvulsant property in pentylenetetrazole animal model of epilepsy but did not produce anxiolytic activity in mice.
Therefore, our finding that hops extracts could inhibit the rats ileal contraction, opposes these findings and indicates that the nitric oxide system (as an inhibitory system in ileum) may not be inhibited by hops extracts. It has been suggested that hop oil potentiates the GABA receptor sensitivity (Hitoshi et al., 2006). Therefore, the spasmolytic effect of hops extract on rat's ileum may be in part due to the activation of these receptors which are among the inhibitory mediators of intestinal smooth muscle contraction (Kawakami et al., 2004; Kanako et al., 2007).
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Objective: Many biological studies have been done to determine the activity of medicinal plants on gastrointestinal function. Since acetylcholine is the major transmitter involved in the gastrointestinal motility and there are some evidences regarding the cholinergic modulatory effect of hops extract, in the present study spasmolytic and antispasmodic action of hops (Humulus lupulus) on acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated rat's ileum was evaluated.
Material and Methods: In this study, pieces of isolated rat's ileum were mounted in the internal chamber of an organ bath which was filled with Tyrode’s solution and tightly tied to the lever of an isotonic transducer. The contractile responses were recorded by using an oscillograph device. In the presence of normal saline and different concentrations of hops (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml), the amplitude of contractions induced by10-12 up to 10-2 M acetylcholine was determined. The spasmolytic action of the same extract concentrations was also examined on contraction induced by 10-4 acetylcholine.
Results: Our findings indicate that hops extract reduces acetylcholine-induced contraction in all concentrations. The significant inhibitory effects of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml hops extract on contraction induced by 10-3 M acetylcholine were 81.9, 77, and 29.3, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to our findings, hops extract poses a potent spasmolytic and antispasmodic action on acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated rat’s ileum which may be mediated by cholinergic systems.
Owing to the complexity of the oxidation-antioxidation process, multi-method approach is necessary to assess antioxidative activity. However, attention should be paid to potential cytotoxic effects when they are used for the preparation of dietary supplements, and in the enrichment of beverages or foods, since some polyphenols perturb the membrane structure (Hossain et al. 2002; Aoshima et al. 2005).
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Various literatures recorded approximately 60 medicinal plants in Bangladesh that have antidiabetic properties. Of these medicinal plants, only 14–16 are found in traditional herbal markets and they are being randomly used to treat diabetes. Since diabetes mellitus increases reactive free radicals along with various complications in the body, antidiabetic plants that can potentially neutralize free radicals, may be of central interest to manage the disease. Present study compares functional bioactive components such as total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins contents and antioxidant potential of methanol extracts of antidiabetic medicinal plants that are common in traditional herbal markets. Among the 14 extracts, Syzygium cumini was very rich in total polyphenol content (294 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) followed by Swertia chirata (183 mg GAE/g) and Ficus racemosa (bark) (154 mg GAE/g). These three extracts also had elevated amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins. S. cumini showed very high DPPH and NO free radical scavenging activities with IC50 of 6.25 and 48.61 μg/mL respectively followed by S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark). S. cumini also showed very high reducing power and total antioxidant capacity followed by S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark). In addition, the study revealed strong correlation between phenolics and reducing power (r = 0.94). Hence, among the 14 extracts, S. cumini, S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark) are potential sources of antioxidant agents. Therefore, these three medicinal plants have diverse beneficial effects on physiological health and they might be the choice of plants to treat diabetes.
When applied to mice through respiration, ethyl 3‐phenylpropanoate delayed the onset of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole. The aging of whiskey results in enhanced potency of the fragrance in potentiating GABA A responses and in prolonging pentobarbitone‐induced sleeping time in mice (Koda et al., 2003). Sotolone (Fig. 8) is
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: This chapter discusses the modulation of ionotropic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors by natural products of plant origin. There is an impressive array of natural products that are known to influence the function of ionotropic receptors for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. The major chemical classes of such natural products are flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and polyacetylenic alcohols. The interaction of flavonoids with benzodiazepine modulatory sites on GABAA receptors lead to the great interest in flavonoids as positive modulators of such receptors, many of the interactions between flavonoids and GABAA receptors do not involve classical flumazenil‐sensitive benzodiazepine sites. There are significant synergistic interactions between some of these positive modulators such as between substances isolated from Valeriana officinalis. Thus, the sleep inducing effects of hesperidin are potentiated by 6‐methylapigenin, while the sedating and sleep inducing effects of valerenic acid are potentiated when co‐administered with the flavonoid glycoside linarin. The discovery of second order positive modulators adds new dimension to the concept of the allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. Second order positive modulators act only in conjunction with a specific first order positive modulator.
Current traces were recorded at 300 Hz and filtered at 200 Hz using cell works software. The concentration for GABA used in these experiments was 1 M corresponding to an EC 5–10 , as it has been previously shown that the use of a low GABA concentration is required to observe small effects by the modulators [2, 11]. Modulators were tested using GABA plus increasing concentrations of compound and with a control (GABA only) response after every compound application.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: GABAA receptors are modulated by Sideritis extracts. The aim of this study was to identify single substances from Sideritis extracts responsible for GABAA receptor modulation.
Single volatile substances identified by GC have been tested in two expression systems, Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic kidney cells. Some of these substances, especially carvacrol, were highly potent on GABAA receptors composed of α1β2 and α1β2γ2 subunits. All effects measured were independent from the presence of the γ2 subunit. As Sideritis extracts contain a high amount of terpenes, 13 terpenes with similar structure elements were tested in the same way. Following a prescreening on α1β2 GABAA receptors, a high-throughput method was used for identification of the most effective terpenoid substances on GABA-affinity of α1β2γ2 receptors expressed in transfected cell lines. Isopulegol, pinocarveol, verbenol, and myrtenol were the most potent modifiers of GABAA receptor function.
Comparing the chemical structures, the action of terpenes on GABAA receptors is most probably due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and a bicyclic character of the substances tested. We propose an allosteric modulation independent from the γ2 subunit and similar to the action of alcohols and anesthetics.
It was also in good agreement with the findings of Mandal et al. (2011), who reported that methanolic extract of C. crista leaves acts as an antioxidant and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenger. The activity of antioxidants is associated with reducing power (Meir et al. 1995, Hossain et al. 2015). Table 1shows the reducing power of methanolic and chloroformic leaf extracts as determined by potassium ferricyanide reduction method.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to elucidate the potential antioxidant, antibacterial and preliminary cytotoxic activity of chloroformic and methanolic leaf extracts of Caesalpinia crista L. in different established in vitro experimental methods. The methanolic extract showed moderate 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) value (103.7 µg/ml) in DPPH assay. Reducing power increased in a concentration-dependent manner while significant total antioxidant capacity (70.4 mM Fe (II)/g) was observed in methanolic extract using FRAP assay. Methanolic leaf extracts of C. crista showed to possess considerable amount of phenol (52.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoid (100.4 mg QE/g) and tannin (76.6 mg GAE/g). The methanolic extracts also exhibited the zone of inhibition at 250 and 500 µg/disc, respectively, against several pathogenic bacterial strains while the MIC values rangeed from 62.5 to 500 µg/ml. The significant 50% lethal concentration (LC 50) of chloroformic and methanolic extract, respectively was found against brine shrimp nauplii (5.794 and 2.972 µg/ml). The results suggested that the methanolic leaf extract of C. crista possessed potential antioxidant, antibacterial and preliminary cytotoxic activity.
Full-text · Article · Dec 2016 · International Journal of Pharmacy
Polyphenols content in M. oleifera was 85.05 ± 1.08 mg GAE/g extract. In previous studies, polyphenol content of various edible common fruits, [10] mangrove plants, [11,21,22] and common antidiabetic medicinal plants [23] in Bangladesh was reported. However, the extraction of phenolic compounds from the fruits or vegetables is commonly achieved with methanol or aqueous methanol.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins in ethanol extracts and antioxidant activity of both ethanol and lipophilic extracts of common leafy vegetables in Bangladesh were compared. Among the 12 leafy vegetables, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. showed the highest content of total polyphenols (38.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract) and flavonoids (23.2 mg (+)-catechin equivalent (CE)/g extract). Highest anthocyanins content was found in Amaranthus gangeticus L. (1.15 μmol/g extract) followed by Pisum sativum L. (0.85 μmol/g extract). Ethanol extracts of Brassica campestris L., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., I. aquatica, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and P. sativum exhibited high DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 104.2, 85.5, 26.9, 125 and 68.5 μg/ml, respectively whereas for the same lipophilic pentane extracts of Basella alba L. showed the lowest (68.4 μg/ml) IC50 followed by I. aquatica (70.4 μg/ml), E. fluctuans (75.7 μg/ml), L. siceraria (78.3 μg/ml) and B. campestris (80.6 μg/ml). I. aquatica also showed the highest NO free radical scavenging followed by B. campestris and B. alba. Highest reducing power (O.D. = 1.7) was observed for I. aquatica followed by P. sativum (O.D. = 1.12), B. alba (O.D. = 0.86) and L. siceraria (O.D. = 0.72) at 400 μg/ml extract. They also displayed high total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the top five potential leafy vegetables consist of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant(s), the order being I. aquatica > B. campestris > B. alba > P. sativum > and L. siceraria.
Gene expression of RXRγ , a partner for heterodimer formation of TRs, is suppressed by BPA alone (100 μM), but accelerated at lower levels of BPA (0.025–0.4 μM) in the presence of T 3 (Iwamuro et al., 2006). BPA also binds to the noncompetitive inhibition site of the γ -aminobutiyric acid (GABA) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes (Aoshima et al., 2001).
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Bisphenol A [BPA; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane], which is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, is a known endocrine disruptor and is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. Due to intensified usage of these products, exposure of organisms to BPA via several routes, such as the environment and food, has increased. The aquatic environment is an important area for the study of BPA. This report reviews the literature concerning contamination routes and degradation of BPA in the aquatic environment and its endocrine-disruptive effects on aquatic organisms.
These functional activities are often attributed to different antioxidant components, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, lycopenes, polyphenols and other phytochemicals. Moreover, polyphenols show antihyperglycemic (Hossain et al., 2002; Hanamura et al., 2006; Hossain et al., 2007), antidiabetic (Zunino et al., 2007), antiallergic (Matsuo et al., 2000), antimicrobial (Taguri et al., 2004) and anxiolytic (Vignes et al., 2006) activities. We reported polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of common edible fruits (Hossain et al., 2008), fruity and leafy vegetables (Hossain et al., 2014; Hossain et al., 2015) and antidiabetic medicinal plants (Basar et al., 2013) in Bangladesh.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Cooking is the major method of consumption of the edible mangrove fruit of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.). Effects of cooking methods-autoclaving, boiling, microwaving, pressure cooking and steaming on total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of both fresh and dried-stored seeds and pericarps of the fruits were studied. All the methods significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced total polyphenol contents, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity of both fresh and stored seeds on cooking for 20 min. Cooking for 20 min released two times higher amount of polyphenols from fresh seeds than from stored seeds. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of fresh seeds decreased at 2, 5 and 10 min cooking but increased the activity of stored seeds at 5, 10 and 20 min significantly. Cooking of both fresh and stored seeds significantly showed the higher contents of total polyphenol, DPPH scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity than pericarps did. In general, 20 min cooking is essential to obtain the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidants from the fruit. No cooking method showed more significant advantages than the others. However, heat and pressure-tolerant polyphenols and antioxidants of S. apetala seeds might be used in food industries to produce functional foods and dietary supplements.
S. apetala is a highly adaptable, fast growing plant that acts as a pioneer species in ecological succession in many degenerated mangrove forests (Chen et al., 2003). The fruits of S. apetala are extensively consumed by the coastal people of Bangladesh for antidiabetic, antibacterial and antioxidant capacities (Hossain et al, 2013). Thus, we aimed to study the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity related to antioxidant capacity and membrane stabilizing ability of the bark of S. apetala and we, here in, report the results of our preliminary investigations.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: p>This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging capacity and membrane stabilizing ability of methanol extract of bark of Sonneratia apetala . The total phenol content of the extract was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay and chelating power determination. The membrane stabilizing capacity was assessed by monitoring the hypotonic solution - and heat-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes. The total phenolic content was found 50.75 mg/gm of gallic acid equivalent. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 81.42 µg/ml as compared to the standard, BHT (IC<sub>50</sub>=42.56 µg/ml), Fe<sup>2+</sup> ion reducing power assay and chelating power ability. In case of assay for chelating ability, EDTA represented 98.76% chelation while the plant extract showed 82.83% at concentration of 100 μg/ml. In addition, the methanol extract of bark of this plant was found to moderately inhibit the haemolysis of human erythrocyte. In conclusion, the methanol extract of S. apetala could be valuable candidate for future development for antioxidant activity.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19 (2): 147-151, 2016</p
The study by Subhan et al.[36] also demonstrated the presence of antioxidant activities in the tissue extracts of this plant from Bangaladeshi Sundarban. In another study, Hossain et al.[37] also reported the antioxidative property, along with the antiallergic property of different solvent extracts from the bark of the species of Bangladeshi origin. It was observed that the water and the ethanol fraction exhibited the maximum antioxidant and histamine release inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: This review represents the studies performed on some beneficial mangrove plants such as Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Sarcolobus globosus, Sonneratia caseolaris and Acanthus ilicifolius from the Sundarban estuary spanning India and Bangladesh with regard to their biological activities and chemical investigations till date. Sundarban is the largest single chunk of mangrove forest in the world. The forest is a source of livelihood to numerous people of the region. Several of its plant species have very large applications in the traditional folk medicine; various parts of these plants are used by the local people as cure for various ailments. Despite such enormous potential, remarkably few reports are available on these species regarding their biological activities and the active principles responsible for such activities. Though some chemical studies have been made on the mangrove plants of this estuary, reports pertaining to their activity-structure relationship are few in number. An attempt has been made in this review to increase the awareness for the medicinal significance as well as conservation and utilization of these mangrove species as natural rich sources of novel bioactive agents.
This study was performed by a modified starch iodine protocol as Hossain et al [26] with minor modification. In short, 1 mL of plant extract or standard of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5 mg/mL) was taken in relabeled test tubes.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: The present study aims to investigate the α-amylase inhibition of ethanol extract of Alpinia nigra (EEAN) (Gaertn.) leaves by modified enzyme inhibitory action and in silico molecular docking used for five phytoconstituents namely α-fenchyl acetate, α-pinene, α-terpineol, camphene, camphor isolated from A. nigra, to identify whether these compounds interact with the responsible protein (α-amylase enzyme). And also ADME/T properties of the phytoconstituents were analyzed using Qikprop 3.2 module. EEAN had good α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50= 1.803±0.032 mg/ml) as compared to Acarbose. A wide range of docking score found during molecular docking by Schrodinger. α-fenchyl acetate, α-pinene, α-terpineol, camphene, camphor showed the docking score -3.938, -3.344, -3.291, -3.463, -3.547, respectively. Among all the compounds, α-fenchyl acetate showed highest docking score. So, α-fenchyl acetate is the best compounds for α-amylase inhibition, as it possessed higher value in Molecular docking. From the ADME profiles of all the tested compounds, it cleared that they might safe for human. Further in vivo
investigation need to identify whether isolated compounds from A. nigra have α-amylase inhibitory activity or not.
Whereas the yield of ethyl acetate fractions were 41.12% and 35.71% for JU and Sundarbans samples, respectively (The data of qualitative chemical examination of Blumea lacera collected from JU campus and the Sundarbans have been presented in Table 2. Phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts showed the presence of various phytochemicals of therapeutic significance. The qualitative chemical examination of fractions obtained by successive solvent extraction of the aerial parts were found to contain carbohydrates, flavonoids, trace amount of alkaloids, some glucosides, terpenoids and steroids in the polar fractions collected from JU campus and Sundarbans (Natural products are beneficial to physiological health (Hossain et al., 2008). It has long been recognized that naturally occurring substances in higher plants have antioxidant activity and increasing attention has been focused on medicinal plants.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Blumea lacera collected from JU campus and the Sundarbans showed strong presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, trace amount of alkaloids, weak presence of some glucosides, terpenoids and steroids following preliminary phytochemical screening. DPPH free radical scavenging activity increased with the increase of concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of both the samples. Methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of JU sample showed strong scavenging activity of DPPH free radical. Concentration dependent increment in percent mortality of brine shrimp nauplii was observed in all the fractions of both the samples. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of JU sample showed less cytotoxicity than that of Sundarbans samples. Therefore, methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of JU sample should be the choice to identify new bioactive compound(s) in the future.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(1): 37-45, 2014 (June)