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Abstract
This case study showed the effect of neurofeedback (NFB) training in a patient with a brain tumor and co-existing traumatic brain injury. The patient received 40 sessions of NFB intervention. Tests and videotaped recordings evaluated pre- and post-NFB intervention. This study demonstrated minimal to significant improvements in several functional tasks. The conclusion is that the use of NFB for a person with a head injury and brain tumor can be generalized to be used with stroke survivors.
... Neurofeedback training has also been used to improve emotional control (Heinrich et al. 2007), enhance concentration and memory (Berner et al. 2006), and improve cognitive and motor functions following brain injury (Angelakis et al. 2007). This is called neurotherapy, which is the use of feedback from brain activity itself (e.g., electroencephalogram biofeedback) to modify brain function (Wing 2001). ...
... Brain waves are divided into slow waves and fast waves, and the enhancement of concentration is closely related to activation of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves and β wave activity (Wing 2001;Putman 2002;Vernon 2005). Performance of motor activities that require concentration requires that the sensorimotor cortex resolve brain waves specific to the task (Egner and Gruzelier 2001). ...
... 2004; Droppelmayr et al. 2007). Improvements in regulation of brain function may reflect re-organization of the damaged brain areas by neuroplasticity (Wing 2001;Vernon 2005;Droppelmayr et al. 2007). Neurofeedback training helps patients to strengthen or inhibit certain frequencies, regulating their brain waves using visual and auditory feedback of brain activity during the training (Thornton and Carmody 2008). ...
Owing to the reduced capacity for information processing following a stroke, patients commonly present with difficulties in performing activities of daily living that combine two or more tasks. To address this problem, in the present study, we investigated the effects of neurofeedback training on the abilities of stroke patients to perform dual motor tasks. We randomly assigned 20 patients who had sustained a stroke within the preceding 6 months to either a pseudo-neurofeedback (n = 10) or neurofeedback (n = 10) group. Both groups participated in a general exercise intervention for 8 weeks, three times a week for 30 min per session, under the same conditions. An electrode was secured to the scalp over the region of the central lobe (Cz), in compliance with the International 10-20 System. The electrode was inactive for the pseudo-training group. Participants in the neurofeedback training group received the 30-min neurofeedback training per session for reinforcing the sensorimotor rhythm. Electroencephalographic activity of the two groups was compared. In addition, selected parameters of gait (velocity, cadence [step/min], stance phase [%], and foot pressure) were analyzed using a 10-m walk test, attention-demanding task, walk task and quantified by the SmartStep system. The neurofeedback group showed significantly improved the regulation of the sensorimotor rhythm (p < 0.001) and ability to execute dual tasks (p < 0.01). Significant improvements on selected gait parameters (velocity and cadence; p < 0.05) were also observed. We thus propose that the neurofeedback training is effective to improve the dual-task performance in stroke patients.
... Biofeedback is generally defi ned as a modality that provides information about subconscious body processes for the purpose of consciously modifying them. 6 Neurofeedback provides direct intervention to the brain by extracting useful information from the brain electrical signals and providing visual or auditory representation to an individual who will then be asked to modify his or her brain waves to achieve better predefi ned results. 7 The results of electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) for upper extremity functional recovery in stroke patients, especially in treating wrist fl exor muscle spasticity, have been reported; it was shown that the effi cacy of EMG-BF therapy was higher in comparison to conventional physical therapy. ...
... 12 Neurofeedback therapy in stroke rehabilitation is a new field. 6,7 In most studies of stroke rehabilitation, neurofeedback therapy was used to activate external mechanical devices via modulating the brain waves. 13 The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a brain wave that can be well recognized during a cognitive manipulation task, hence making it an ideal candidate for neurofeedback applications. ...
... The EEG sensors recorded SMR and theta and beta waves. The fi ltered EEG signals representing SMR (12-18 HZ), theta (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), and beta (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) Hz) bands were depicted as raw EEG signals and then were analyzed to show the spectral power density (SPD) in a predetermined frequency range. ...
Purpose:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of applying electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback (neurobiofeedback) or electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback to conventional occupational therapy (OT) on improving hand function in stroke patients.
Methods:
This study was designed as a preliminary clinical trial. Thirty patients with stroke were entered the study. Hand function was evaluated by Jebsen Hand Function Test pre and post intervention. Patients were allocated to 3 intervention cohorts: (1) OT, (2) OT plus EMG-biofeedback therapy, and (3) OT plus neurofeedback therapy. All patients received 10 sessions of conventional OT. Patients in cohorts 2 and 3 also received EMG-biofeedback and neurofeedback therapy, respectively. EMG-biofeedback therapy was performed to strengthen the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle. Neurofeedback training was aimed at enhancing sensorimotor rhythm after mental motor imagery.
Results:
Hand function was improved significantly in the 3 groups. The spectral power density of the sensorimotor rhythm band in the neurofeedback group increased after mental motor imagery. Maximum and mean contraction values of electrical activities of the APB muscle during voluntary contraction increased significantly after EMG-biofeedback training.
Conclusion:
Patients in the neurofeedback and EMG-biofeedback groups showed hand improvement similar to conventional OT. Further studies are suggested to assign the best protocol for neurofeedback and EMG-biofeedback therapy.
... Esistono diverse spiegazioni ai meccanismi che stanno alla base del neurofeedback e l'esito della discussione risulterebbe piuttosto semplice se ci fosse un accordo sulla capacità di essere consapevoli dei diversi scenari dell'EEG e di individuare la banda di frequenza del ritmo sensomotorio di formazione e altri pattern appropriati delle bande di frequenza 22 . Alcuni studi mostrano che il neurofeedback può essere utilizzato per correggere ritmi e frequenze cerebrali anomali rendendoli normali (o quasi normali), di modo che, a seguito del training di neurofeedback, le anomalie psicologiche vengono riportate alla normalità 20 . ...
... 6 There are many explanations of the mechanisms underlying neurofeedback, and the outcome of the discussion would be quite simple if there was agreement on the capability to be aware of the different scenarios of EEG and recognize the up-training sensorimotor rhythm frequency band and other appropriate frequency band patterns. 22 Studies show that neurofeedback training can be performed to correct abnormal brain rhythms and frequencies by turning them into normal (or near-normal) rhythms and frequencies, so that after neurofeedback training, psychological abnormalities are reverted back to the norm. 20 can benefit from the results of such research for estimating the functional advancement and the improvement of motor skills. ...
A chieving high motor performance in sport requires good mental, other than physical conditions. Quantifying mental condition dur-I l raggiungimento di performance motorie di alto livello nello sport richiede delle buone condizio-ni mentali oltre che fisiche. Misurare la condizione SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The use of neurofeedback is growing rapidly in sport psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one session of neurofeedback training on self-talk and motor performance of elite and non-elite volleyball players. METHODS: The subjects were 15 male elite volleyball players and 15 non-elite volleyball players. The research was conducted in three phases: pre-test, training neurofeedback and post-test. Training neurofeedback consists of sensori-motor rhythm and prevents training to the frequency of 12 Hz at T3. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and paired t-test was used. RESULTS: The results indicated that the use of self-talk for elite and non-elite decreased at post-test, but this dwindling for the elite group was higher. Standard service score for elite volleyball and non-elite in the pre-test to post-test improved , but this increase was higher in the elite. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there are effects among neurofeedback training, inner self-talk (analysis of skill) and athletic performance.
... The poles used in NFB training were attached to the scalp, and data were recorded on an oscillograph. The location of the poles followed the International 10-20 Electrode System, and the distance between each pole was 10-20% of the whole circumference 5,13) . The NFB training method used in this research was a beta-SMR training method and was conducted with the patient's eyes open. ...
... The reward forms for the feedback were divided into auditory and visual rewards. The reward brain wave was set with either an SMR wave (12)(13)(14)(15) or mid-beta wave (15)(16)(17)(18) Hz) depending on the location of the cerebral cortex. The inhibitory brain wave was set with both a delta wave (0.5-4 Hz) and high-beta wave (22-36 Hz) 7,8,12) . ...
[Purpose] This study investigated a brain wave and visual perception changes in stroke subjects using neurofeedback (NFB) training. [Subjects] Twenty-seven stroke subjects were randomly allocated to the NFB (n = 13) group and the control group (n=14). [Methods] Two expert therapists provided the NFB and CON groups with traditional rehabilitation therapy in 30 thirst-minute sessions over the course of 6 weeks. NFB training was provided only to the NFB group. The CON group received traditional rehabilitation therapy only. Before and after the 6-week intervention, a brain wave test and motor free visual perception test (MVPT) were performed. [Results] Both groups showed significant differences in their relative beta wave values and attention concentration quotients. Moreover, the NFB group showed a significant difference in MVPT visual discrimination, form constancy, visual memory, visual closure, spatial relation, raw score, and processing time. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that NFB training is more effective for increasing concentration and visual perception changes than traditional rehabilitation. In further studies, detailed and diverse investigations should be performed considering the number and characteristics of subjects, and the NFB training period.
... NFB is a type of biofeedback that uses real-time computer displays to illustrate brain activity, with the goal of developing latent faculties in normal people and alleviating clinical symptoms in patients 7) . The human brain can learn to control a certain range of brain waves with training over time, and remembers the results for a long time 8) . NFB brain wave training uses monitoring devices to almost instantly provide information about a person' state of physiological functioning, and allows subjects to gain the ability to control their own brain waves intentionally 9) . ...
... NFB brain wave training is effective at improving the memory of children and the rehabilitation of patients with brain injury 12) . Furthermore, studies of various disorders such as epilepsy, depression, stroke, TBI, and ADHD have shown NFB training improves attention, cognition, motor function, hyperactivity control, and other brain functions 8,9,13) . ...
[Purpose] This study investigated brain wave and cognitive function changes in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using neurofeedback (NFB). [Subjects] Twenty-eight children with CP were randomly allocated to the NFB (n = 14) and control (CON) (n = 14) groups. [Methods] Two expert therapists provided the NFB and CON groups with traditional rehabilitation therapy in 30-minute sessions, semi-weekly, for 6 weeks. NFB training was provided only to the NFB group. The CON group received traditional rehabilitation therapy only. Before and after 6 weeks of intervention, electroencephalography and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) were performed, and the results were analyzed. [Results] Between before and after the intervention, both the NFB and CON groups showed significant differences in spectral edge frequency of 50%. Moreover, the NFB group showed a statistically significant difference in all LOTCA subtests, while the CON group showed a significant difference only in the LOTCA total score. [Conclusion] Detailed and diverse investigations should be performed considering the number and characteristics of subjects and the limitations influencing the NFB training period.
... 특히, θ파의 비정상적 증가 와 α파 비정상적 감소는 기억력, 실행기능의 감소와 밀접 하다[15,17]. 또한, β파 중 SMR(Sensory Motor Rhythm) 파의 활성은 장기, 단기 기억력 및 집중력 향상과 밀접하 다[15] [18] [19] ...
... ground lobe와 negative lobe를 부착하여, Impedance Check 후 EEG-Z Sensor를 이용하였다[1] [15]. 게임 형식 의 프로그램을 바꿔가며 α(10-12Hz)-θ(4-8Hz)파[21] 청 각적 훈련과 β-SMR(12-15Hz)파[23] 시각적 훈련을 1회 30분 실시하였다. ...
This study was done objected to the chronic stroke patients in order to evaluate change in brain wave activity and cognitive performance when Neurofeedback training. The subjects were over 6 months ago in chronic stroke patients screened-test through the 20 patients, 10 persons in each group were randomly placed. This was carried out in 4 weeks in total, with control group(n=10) on general physical therapy and experimental group(n=10) on general physical therapy along with Neurofeedback training. The general physical therapy was applied 5 times a week, 30 minutes at once, Neurofeedback training was applied as equally as the general physical therapy, which makes 20 times in total. To learn about the effect before the training, after training, and 2 weeks after the training in electric physiological measurement method of the brain, electroencephalogram(EEG) to examine challenges by calculating the absolute spectrum power for standard EEG change(%), followed by evaluation with clinical assessment tool MMSE-K, Stroop Test, Digit Span Test. As a result of comparing the change in brain wave through EEG, after training and 2 weeks after training showed that absolute -power and absolute -SMR power of experimental group have increased and absolute -power decreased significantly compared to experimental group I. Moreover, the MMSE-K score in trial appraisal has increased significantly, and the error in Stroop Test and Digit Span Test has decreased significantly. such results, with the chronic stroke patient's brain wave control, Neurofeedback training was determined to improve the cognitive performance. this study suggests a new training possibility of stroke patients by identifying the training effects of Neurofeedback training that trains the brain directly with brain wave control.
... The patient's own internal systems develop the ability to perform well on their own, without having to depend on drugs. EEG NFT has found wide application in various clinical syndromes, such as migraine [5,6], tinnitus [7][8][9], stroke [10], depression [11,12], epilepsy [13,14], obsessive-compulsive disorder [15], and ADHD [16,17]. ...
... Patient S, a 30-year-old male with mild head injury, was given sessions of NFT, 45 min/day, 5 days a week. The training incorporated video feedback to increase the frequency of alpha waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and to decrease theta waves (4-7 Hz). The preassessment showed impairment in verbal learning and memory. ...
... A brain wave is an electrical signal which appears when the brain exchanges information, and it has important information about brain activity, showing specific changes according to mental status and activity 13) . Alpha waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Hz) increase during rest in comfort, and decrease with the onset of cognitive activity, which is known as the alphablocking phenomenon. ...
... A brain wave is an electrical signal which appears when the brain exchanges information, and it has important information about brain activity, showing specific changes according to mental status and activity 13) . Alpha waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Hz) increase during rest in comfort, and decrease with the onset of cognitive activity, which is known as the alphablocking phenomenon. Therefore, decreases in relative alpha power mean the cognitive activity of the brain has been increased 14) . ...
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in brain waves between action observation and motor imagery of stroke patients and normal subjects, and to compare them. [Methods] Twelve stroke patients and twelve normal persons participated in this research. Each group executed action observation and the motor imagery training for 3 minutes, and before and during each intervention the brain waves were measured for 3 minutes, and the relative alpha power and relative beta power analyzed. [Results] Both normal persons and stroke patients showed significant differences in relative alpha power during action observation, but no significant difference in relative alpha power was found during motor imagery. The relative beta power increased similarly in both groups but it was more significantly different during action observation than during motor imagery. [Conclusion] Both action observation and motor imagery can be used as a therapeutic method for motor learning. However, action observation induces stronger cognitive activity, so for the stroke patients who have difficulty with fine motor representation, action observation might be a more effective therapy.
... Recent studies have focused on subconscious perceptual learning using neurofeedback (NF) technology [8,9]. NF training is a non-invasive method that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to enable people to 'watch' their own brain activity in real time and to control or adjust function in predetermined brain regions [10,11]. Moreover, recent studies indicate that brain computer interface (BCI)-based applications could successfully regulate users' cognitive abilities like memory, attention, communication and emotion or entertainment during training and rehabilitation [12][13][14][15][16]. BCI-based neurofeedback training involves learning structures in the brain that require users to achieve certain goals by controlling their brain signals through mental imagery strategies. ...
With the rapid development of the international community, foreign language learning has become increasingly important. Listening training is a particularly important component of foreign language learning. The most difficult aspect of listening training is the development of speech discrimination ability, which is crucial to speech perception. General behavioral training requires a substantial amount of time and attention. To address this, we previously developed a neurofeedback (NF) training system that enables unconscious learning of auditory discrimination. However, to our knowledge, no studies have compared NF training and general behavioral training. In the present study, we compared the learning effects of NF training, general behavioral training, and a combination of both strategies. Specifically, we developed a gamified and adapted NF training of auditory discrimination. We found that both NF training and general behavioral training enhanced behavioral performance, whereas only NF training elicited significant changes in brain activity. Furthermore, the participants that used both training methods exhibited the largest improvement in behavioral performance. This indicates that the combined use of NF and general behavioral training methods may be optimal for enhancing auditory discrimination ability when learning foreign languages.
... EEG-based neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) is a technique in which, through brain-computer interfaces (BCI), subjects are trained to regulate the amplitude of a specific frequency band and are rewarded for doing so. This technique has been successfully used in TBI and stroke to rehabilitate learning and memory [4,5], attention [6], and even as part of motor rehabilitation [7]. The effects of the therapy are reflected in the changes of neuropsychological scale scores and some characteristics of the EEG at rest [8,9]. ...
Severe traumatic brain injury residual cognitive impairments significantly
impact the quality of life. EEG-based neurofeedback is a technique
successfully used in traumatic brain injury and stroke to rehabilitate cognitive and motor sequelae.
There are not individualized comparisons of the effects of EEG-based neurofeedback versus
conventional neuropsychological rehabilitation. We present a case study of a traumatic brain injury
subject in whom eight sessions of a neuropsychological rehabilitation protocol targeting attention, executive
functions, and working memory as compared with a personalized EEG-based neurofeedback protocol
focused on the electrodes and bands that differed from healthy subjects (F3, F1,
Fz, FC3, FC1, and FCz), targeting the inhibition of theta frequency band (3 Hz−7
Hz) in the same number of sessions. Quantitative EEG and neuropsychological
testing were performed. Clear benefits of EEG-based neurofeedback were found in divided and
sustained attention and several aspects related to visuospatial skills and the
processing speed of motor-dependent tasks. Correlative quantitative EEG changes justify the
results. EEG-based neurofeedback is probably an excellent complementary technique to be considered to
enhance conventional neuropsychological rehabilitation.
... Biofeedback-based interventions mainly integrate taskdependent physical therapy and cognitive stimuli within an interactive and multimodal environment, and are gaining interest in motor dysfunction rehabilitation. Generally, biofeedback is defined as a modality that provides information about subconscious body processes to make patients consciously modify the movement process (Wing, 2001). The procedure utilizes electronic equipment to continuously monitor a selected neurophysiological response (e.g., heart rate, breathing rate, muscle tension, or brain activity) and to then convert the measurements of these responses into a visual or auditory representation for the individual. ...
More than half of stroke patients live with different levels of motor dysfunction after receiving routine rehabilitation treatments. Therefore, new rehabilitation technologies are urgently needed as auxiliary treatments for motor rehabilitation. Based on routine rehabilitation treatments, a new intelligent rehabilitation platform has been developed for accurate evaluation of function and rehabilitation training. The emerging intelligent rehabilitation techniques can promote the development of motor function rehabilitation in terms of informatization, standardization, and intelligence. Traditional assessment methods are mostly subjective, depending on the experience and expertise of clinicians, and lack standardization and precision. It is therefore difficult to track functional changes during the rehabilitation process. Emerging intelligent rehabilitation techniques provide objective and accurate functional assessment for stroke patients that can promote improvement of clinical guidance for treatment. Artificial intelligence and neural networks play a critical role in intelligent rehabilitation. Multiple novel techniques, such as brain-computer interfaces, virtual reality, neural circuit-magnetic stimulation, and robot-assisted therapy, have been widely used in the clinic. This review summarizes the emerging intelligent rehabilitation techniques for the evaluation and treatment of motor dysfunction caused by nervous system diseases.
... They found MI improved control and performance for BCI, with those partaking in MI condition able to control SMR to a greater degree, thus increasing the effectiveness of the BCI (see also ;Kondo, Saeki, Hayashi, Nakayashiki, & Takata, 2015). Similarly, NFB alone has been shown to improve motor performance on an individual suffering from a traumatic brain injury (Wing, 2001). ...
Objectives This experiment assessed the effectiveness of three interventions; neurofeedback, motor imagery and physical training, on their ability to improve visuomotor accuracy, measured by scores achieved on a dart throwing task. Methods Thirty-two female participants, all with no experience in dart throwing, took part and were assigned to either one of the three experimental conditions, or a control group (eight per condition). Training sessions for neurofeedback (NFB) involved participants encouraging both Theta rhythms and Sensorimotor rhythms (SMR). For Motor Imagery (MI), internal (1st person) imagery was used, where participants had to imagine throwing a dart and for physical training (PT) participants physically practised dart throwing. Measurements were recorded pre-intervention, after two weeks (6 sessions) of training (mid-intervention), after 5 weeks (15 sessions) of training (in total; Outcome Measure 1) and again two weeks after training had finished (Outcome Measure 2). Results from Mid-intervention, Outcome Measure 1 and Outcome Measure 2 were compared to baseline scores achieved pre-intervention and showed all three interventions to significantly increase performance on dart throwing compared to the Control group. Conclusion Our findings show that, as well as traditional physical practise, both motor imagery and neurofeedback can effectively improve performance on a fine visuomotor task.
... Children with ADHD show a dwindling of function and experience problems in gross and fine motor skills (Sweeney et al. 2018). NFT is based on a conception of mind-body association with training of the brain to increase capacities for action in an optimal manner so as to experience a perfect behavioral, cognitive and emotional status (Wing 2001). With respect to possible applications of the present research, physiotherapists, psychologists, and coaches can exploit the results of such research to effect improvements in motor skills via NFT. ...
It is generally accepted that children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) have poor motor control, especially in bimanual coordination tasks. Such
children characteristically have impaired fine motor ability, problems with force control,
and poor motor coordination. They are at particular risk of loss of motor control and
reduced bimanual coordination. We tested whether, compared to a control condition,
neurofeedback training (NFT) could, improve bimanual coordination among children
with ADHD.
Methods: 20 children with ADHD (mean age 7.9 years; SD: 2.11) were randomly
assigned either to NFT or to a control condition. All participants completed a bimanual
coordination test at the following time points: baseline, aseessment1, assessment 2,
assessment 3, and again 12 session later at posttest. NFT consisted of Sensory Motor
Rhythm (SMR) training to achieve increased SMR in C3 and C4, while participants in
the control condition were under mock NFT conditions.
Results: bimanual coordination accuracy and consistency improved from baseline to
completion of the intervention (significant Time effect), but in the NFT condition
(significant Time × Group interaction). Compared to the control condition, the NFT
group had fewer errors in both patterns of bimanual coordination (significant Group
effect).
Conclusion: Among children with ADHD, SMR neurofeedback training (NFT) led to
significant improvements in a bimanual coordination task. The SMR NFT thus appears
to have the potential to improve and enhance the motor control of ADHD patients
... Group Mean (SD) at the baseline several functional tasks in a brain tumor patient with simultaneous TBI. 25 Authors treated the patient with 40 sessions of NFT. Their study suffered from lack of control group. ...
Purpose:
There are some studies which showed neurofeedback therapy (NFT) can be effective in clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) history. However, randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed for evaluation of this treatment as a standard option. This preliminary study was aimed to evaluate the effect of NFT on continuous attention (CA) and short-term memory (STM) of clients with moderate TBI using a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT).
Methods:
In this preliminary RCT, seventeen eligible patients with moderate TBI were randomly allocated in two intervention and control groups. All the patients were evaluated for CA and STM using the visual continuous attention test and Wechsler memory scale-4th edition (WMS-IV) test, respectively, both at the time of inclusion to the project and four weeks later. The intervention group participated in 20 sessions of NFT through the first four weeks. Conversely, the control group participated in the same NF sessions from the fifth week to eighth week of the project.
Results:
Eight subjects in the intervention group and five subjects in the control group completed the study. The mean and standard deviation of participants' age were (26.75 ± 15.16) years and (27.60 ± 8.17) years in experiment and control groups, respectively. All of the subjects were male. No significant improvement was observed in any variables of the visual continuous attention test and WMS-IV test between two groups (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion:
Based on our literature review, it seems that our study is the only study performed on the effect of NFT on TBI patients with control group. NFT has no effect on CA and STM in patients with moderate TBI. More RCTs with large sample sizes, more sessions of treatment, longer time of follow-up and different protocols are recommended.
... . 독거노인이 비 독거노인에 비해 우울 [3], 자살 [4], 유병율 [5] [12]. 뉴로피드백 훈련의 임상적용 으로는 집중력, 기억력 향상 [13], 뇌졸중이나 뇌손상 후 에 저하된 인지기능 및 운동기능의 향상 [14] [15], 고혈압 환자에서 수축기 및 이완기 혈압의 감소 [16], 치매, 파킨 스씨병 등의 치료 [17], 피로와 스트레스 감소 및 뇌기능 향상 [18] Table 3]. ...
This experimental study employs a pretest -posttest method concerning the integrated therapy of neurofeedback training, brain gymnastics, and oriental herbal tea effects on seniors living alone. The purpose of the study is to identify effects on brain functions and quality of life. The study participants included 23 seniors living alone (male 10, female 13), ranging in age from 65~90. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, from December 22, 2014, to February 28, 2015. The neurofeedback training utilized the 2 Channel neurofeedback system by Braintech Corporation and was conducted a total of 16 times over 8 weeks, having two sessions per week lasting for 30 minutes focusing on relaxation, concentration and memory. Brain gymnastics, developed by the Korean Science Institute of Psychiatry, ran for 30 minutes, twice a week for a total of 16 sessions administered over 8 weeks. Participants were required to drink 3 cups of oriental herbal tea developed according to Donguibogam for 8 weeks. The results of applying integrated therapy found positive effects on brain function resulting from changes in level of tension and anti-stress quotient. Quality of life, daily life basic measurements, and depression symptoms were significantly influenced by decreases in blood pressure and blood sugar. Results of this study find the integrated therapy of neurofeedback training, brain gymnastics, and oriental herbal tea can significantly enhance brain functions and quality of life within seniors living alone. Therefore integrated therapy involving neurofeedback, brain gymnastics, and oriental herbal tea is a necessary intervention to improve the quality of life of seniors living alone, and will improve the quality of life through healing both mind and body in a more practical and systematical manner.
... Some authors, however, suggest that it could be based on rewardbased learning (Johnston et al. 2010;May et al. 2013). NFB has been successfully applied in treating a variety of neurological and psychological disorders as well as symptoms of traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury (Arns et al. 2014;Coben et al. 2009;Sterman and Egner 2006;Keller 2001;Wing 2001;Shindo et al. 2011). Keller (2001) demonstrated that patients suffering from a mild closed head injury were able to increase their betaactivity with NFB. ...
Some severely brain injured patients remain unresponsive, only showing reflex movements without any response to command. This syndrome has been named unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). The objective of the present study was to determine whether UWS patients are able to alter their brain activity using neurofeedback (NFB) technique. A small sample of three patients received a daily session of NFB for 3 weeks. We applied the ratio of theta and beta amplitudes as a feedback variable. Using an automatic threshold function, patients heard their favourite music whenever their theta/beta ratio dropped below the threshold. Changes in awareness were assessed weekly with the JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised for each treatment week, as well as 3 weeks before and after NFB. Two patients showed a decrease in their theta/beta ratio and theta-amplitudes during this period. The third patient showed no systematic changes in his EEG activity. The results of our study provide the first evidence that NFB can be used in patients in a state of unresponsive wakefulness.
... Nonetheless, a substantive amount of work supports the rationale for NF use in the context of treatment. As previously discussed, there is already evidence supporting the efficacy of this approach for a variety of neuropsychological conditions, including ADHD [118][119][120], epilepsy [121][122][123][124][125], traumatic brain injury [126,127], anxiety [128], and substance abuse [129]. ...
... Research over the past two decades showed that various parameters like heart rate and blood pressure as well as brain activity can be brought under voluntary control after training with feedback. The field of applications ranges from caregiving to hyperactive children [56,93] and epilepsy prevention [48,176] via stroke therapy [10,180] through to communication and control support for paralyzed patients [17,88,132,185]. The required methods are normally based on electroencephalography (EEG). ...
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive technique that can reveal hemodynamic and metabolic changes during cortical activation. In recent years fNIRS has been used mainly to study hemodynamic responses (changes of oxygenated (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy-Hb)) to cognitive, visual and motor tasks. A few years ago fNIRS was proposed as a novel approach in the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Since that time, only a few research groups have investigated different concepts using fNIRS as an alternative to, or in combination with, traditional EEG-based systems for BCI communication. Therefore, there is still ongoing research needed to investigate the full potential of fNIRS.
This thesis consists of two primary parts. Part one focuses on exploring the usefulness of mental arithmetic (MA) as a control strategy for optical BCI (oBCI) systems. The focus of part two is to use operand conditioning, train subjects to influence their hemodynamic signals volitionally and use this control for an oBCI.
In the first part special emphasis is put on the investigation of brain patterns caused by the performance of a simple mental MA task and whether these patterns can be classified reasonably well in a single-trial approach. In detail, this part consists of three interrelated studies whereby the goal of the first and second study is to investigate the spatial and temporal nature of activation responses and to examine if these responses are stable and reproducible over multiple subjects. Different experiments were performed using custom made one-channel and commercial multi-channel fNIRS systems. Similar results in both studies could be achieved and give evidence that the activation responses caused by the performance of a simple MA task may be suitable for an oBCI. Therefore, the focus of study three lies on the single-trial classification of these responses by means of cue-based BCI off-line simulations. The off-line simulation results confirmed the hypothesis that patterns, caused by the performance of a simple MA, can be classified with approximately 80% accuracy and therefore are a suitable control strategy for oBCI applications.
In the second part investigations are performed on an operand conditioning, which is also known as "biofeedback", approach. In general, in this approach specific parameters of the recorded brain signals are presented to the user, for example in the form of a feedback bar. The user learns, by a trial-and-error strategy, to influence the presented parameter volitionally. In detail, this part consists of two interrelated studies whereby in the first study the focus lies on fNIRS-based feedback-training. Subjects were trained to influence their prefrontal oxy-Hb concentration volitionally and use it finally as a control signal for an oBCI. Out of this investigation, in a preliminary feasibility study, the worldwide first realization of an asynchronous fNIRS based hybrid BCI system is shown and evaluated with a single subject. To do this, the above mentioned oBCI system is combined with a traditional EEG-based BCI system to control an electrical hand orthosis. In this study the subject gained perfect control (100% accuracy) after a short period of training. This result provides evidence that the combination of an oBCI and an EEG-based BCI within a hybrid BCI system may be a suitable control interface.
... These observations have led many clinical practitioners to use EEG-based interventions, such as NFT, as a therapeutic strategy. Supporting this case is strong evidence for the efficacy of this approach towards a variety of other neuropsychological conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [43][44][45], epilepsy [46 -49], traumatic brain injury [50,51], anxiety [52] and substance abuse [53]. ...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition exhibiting impairments in behaviour, social and communication skills. These deficits may arise from aberrant functional connections that impact synchronization and effective neural communication. Neurofeedback training (NFT), based on operant conditioning of the electroencephalogram (EEG), has shown promise in addressing abnormalities in functional and structural connectivity. We tested the efficacy of NFT in reducing symptoms in children with ASD by targeting training to the mirror neuron system (MNS) via modulation of EEG mu rhythms. The human MNS has provided a neurobiological substrate for understanding concepts in social cognition relevant to behavioural and cognitive deficits observed in ASD. Furthermore, mu rhythms resemble MNS phenomenology supporting the argument that they are linked to perception and action. Thirty hours of NFT on ASD and typically developing (TD) children were assessed. Both groups completed an eyes-open/-closed EEG session as well as a mu suppression index assessment before and after training. Parents filled out pre- and post-behavioural questionnaires. The results showed improvements in ASD subjects but not in TDs. This suggests that induction of neuroplastic changes via NFT can normalize dysfunctional mirroring networks in children with autism, but the benefits are different for TD brains.
... Through a certain period of training the brain learns to control brainwaves within a certain range and remembers the results for a long period of time 13) . This study aimed to identify the changes in brain activity during action observation training, motor imagery training, and physical training by observing changes in EEG during each type of training. ...
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of action observation training and motor imagery training on recovery from chronic stroke. [Subjects] Thirty patients (who were over six months post stroke) participated in this study and were randomly allocated to three groups. [Methods] The action observation training group practiced additional action observation training for five 30-minute sessions over a four-week period. The motor imagery training group practiced additional motor imagery training for five 30-minute sessions over a four-week period. Electroencephalogram were used to compare brain waves between the three groups. [Results] The action observation group showed significant changes in relative alpha power in Fp1 and Fp2 and relative beta power in Fp2 and C3. [Conclusion] Action observation induces higher levels of cognitive activities than motor imagery and physical training. Action observation is expected to be more effective for stroke patients.
... Neurofeedback treatment outcome studies of closed and open head injuries have been published (Ayers, 1987(Ayers, , 1991(Ayers, , 1999Bounias, Laibow, Bonaly, & Stubbelbine, 2001;Bounais, Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bonaly, 2002;Byers, 1995;Hammond, 2007aHammond, , 2007bHammond, , 2010cHoffman, Stockdale, Hicks, & Schwaninger, 1995;Hoffman, Stockdale, & Van Egren, 1996a, 1996bKeller, 2001;Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bounais, 2001;Schoenberger et al., 2001;Thornton, 2000;Tinius & Tinius, 2001), as well as with stroke (Ayers, 1981(Ayers, , 1995a(Ayers, , 1995b(Ayers, , 1999Bearden, Cassisi, & Pineda, 2003;Cannon, Sherlin, & Lyle, 2010;Doppelmayr, Nosko, Pecherstorfer, & Fink, 2007;Putnam, 2001;Rozelle & Budzynski, 1995;Walker, 2007;Wing, 2001), but further high-quality research needs to be done. One article (Hammond, 2007b) reported a case of moderate severity TBI treated with the LENS, which resulted in the complete reversal of posttraumatic anosmia (complete loss of sense of smell) of 9 1 2 years' duration, which was previously unheard of, as well as significant clinical improvement in postconcussion symptoms. ...
Written to educate both professionals and the general public, this article provides an update and overview of the field of neurofeedback (EEG biofeedback). The process of assessment and neurofeedback training is explained. Then, areas in which neurofeedback is being used as a treatment are identified and a survey of research findings is presented. Potential risks, side effects, and adverse reactions are cited and guidelines provided for selecting a legitimately qualified practitioner.
... Neurofeedback treatment outcome studies of closed and open head injuries have been published (Ayers, 1987(Ayers, , 1991(Ayers, , 1999Bounias, Laibow, Bonaly, & Stubbelbine, 2001;Bounais, Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bonaly, 2002;Byers, 1995;Hammond, 2007aHammond, , 2007bHammond, , 2010cHoffman, Stockdale, Hicks, & Schwaninger, 1995;Hoffman, Stockdale, & Van Egren, 1996a, 1996bKeller, 2001;Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bounais, 2001;Schoenberger et al., 2001;Thornton, 2000;Tinius & Tinius, 2001), as well as with stroke (Ayers, 1981(Ayers, , 1995a(Ayers, , 1995b(Ayers, , 1999Bearden, Cassisi, & Pineda, 2003;Cannon, Sherlin, & Lyle, 2010;Doppelmayr, Nosko, Pecherstorfer, & Fink, 2007;Putnam, 2001;Rozelle & Budzynski, 1995;Walker, 2007;Wing, 2001), but further high-quality research needs to be done. One article (Hammond, 2007b) reported a case of moderate severity TBI treated with the LENS, which resulted in the complete reversal of posttraumatic anosmia (complete loss of sense of smell) of 9 1 2 years' duration, which was previously unheard of, as well as significant clinical improvement in postconcussion symptoms. ...
... Neurofeedback treatment outcome studies of closed and open head injuries have been published (Ayers, 1987(Ayers, , 1991(Ayers, , 1999Bounias, Laibow, Bonaly, & Stubbelbine, 2001;Bounais, Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bonaly, 2002;Byers, 1995;Hammond, 2007aHammond, , 2007bHammond, , 2010cHoffman, Stockdale, Hicks, & Schwaninger, 1995;Hoffman, Stockdale, & Van Egren, 1996a, 1996bKeller, 2001;Laibow, Stubbelbine, Sandground, & Bounais, 2001;Schoenberger et al., 2001;Thornton, 2000;Tinius & Tinius, 2001), as well as with stroke (Ayers, 1981(Ayers, , 1995a(Ayers, , 1995b(Ayers, , 1999Bearden, Cassisi, & Pineda, 2003;Cannon, Sherlin, & Lyle, 2010;Doppelmayr, Nosko, Pecherstorfer, & Fink, 2007;Putnam, 2001;Rozelle & Budzynski, 1995;Walker, 2007;Wing, 2001), but further high-quality research needs to be done. One article (Hammond, 2007b) reported a case of moderate severity TBI treated with the LENS, which resulted in the complete reversal of posttraumatic anosmia (complete loss of sense of smell) of 9 1 2 years' duration, which was previously unheard of, as well as significant clinical improvement in postconcussion symptoms. ...
EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) originated in the late 1960s as a method for retraining brainwave patterns through operant conditioning. Since that time a sizable body of research has accumulated on the effectiveness of neurofeedback in the treatment of uncontrolled epilepsy, ADD/ADHD, anxiety, alcoholism, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mild head injuries. Studies also provide encouraging indications that neurofeedback offers a treatment alternative for use with learning disabilities, stroke, depression, fibromyalgia, autism, insomnia, tinnitus, headaches, problems with physical balance, and for the enhancement of peak performance. At a time when an increasing number of people are concerned with negative effects from relying solely on medication treatments, neurofeedback may offer an additional treatment alternative for many conditions. This article assists the reader to understand how neurofeedback works, how assessment allows neurofeedback to be individualized, and briefly reviews evidence for the neurofeedback treatment of many conditions. The public is cautioned that in selecting a practitioner for the treatment of the kinds of medical, psychiatric and psychological conditions cited above, a practitioner should be licensed for independent practice in their state or province and should ideally also be certified by a legitimately recognized body.
... beneficial effect of neurofeedback as a therapy for neurological disorders like epilepsy [40, 83, 84] and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [2, 22, 35, 49, 78]. There is some evidence that neurofeedback is beneficial for the treatment of stroke [3, 9, 69, 85]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that neurofeedback might provide therapy for migraine [41], tinnitus [10] and personality disorders [79]. ...
Affective Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that measure signals from the peripheral and central nervous system, extract features related to affective states of the user, and use these features to adapt human-computer interaction (HCI). Affective BCIs provide new perspectives on the applicability of BCIs. Affective BCIs may serve as assessment tools and adaptive systems for HCI for the general population and may prove to be especially interesting for people with severe motor impairment. In this context, affective BCIs will enable simultaneous expression of affect and content, thus providing more quality of life for the patient and the caregiver. In the present paper, we will present psychophysiological markers for affective BCIs, and discuss their usability in the day to day life of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
زمینه: باتوجه به این که از اصلی ترین عوامل زمین خوردن در بین سالمندان ضعف عملکرد عصبی - عضلانی و عدم تعادل می باشد موضوع تعادل و بازتوانی آن مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، تعیین تاثیر تمرین نوروفیدبک بر تعادل ایستا و پویای مردان سالمند شهر تبریز بود.
روش کار: تحقیق حاضر که در سال 1391 انجام شده یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی با اندازه گیریهای پیش آزمون و پس آزمون در دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش (هرکدام 15نفر) است. جامعه آماری پژوهش سالمندان شهر تبریز بودند، که به طور تصادفی در یکی از پارک های تبریز (پامچال) انتخاب و نمونه آماری به تعداد 30 نفر به طور داوطلب از بین آنها انتخاب شدند. تعادل ایستا و پویای آزمودنی ها با آزمونهای شارپند رومبرگ و برخاستن و رفتن قبل و بعد از یک دوره تمرینی نوروفیدبک به مدت 10جلسه 30 دقیقه ای در مدت 5 هفته و هر هفته 2 جلسه اندازه گیری شد. داده های تحقیق با استفاده از آزمون های آماری توصیفی و تحلیلی در محیط نرم افزار v.20 SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافتهها: نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد، زمان تعادل ایستا و پویا بعد از تمرینات نوروفیدبک در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون به ترتیب با سطح معنی داری 013/0P = و 003/0P = در گروه آزمایش تفاوت معنی داری دارد. در صورتی که در گروه کنترل زمان تعادل ایستا و پویا در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون تفاوت معنی داری ندارد (05/0<P). همچنین زمان تعادل پویا قبل از تمرین نوروفیدبک برابر با 758/2± 696/10 ثانیه و بعد از تمرین نوروفیدبک با 198/2 ± 528/8 ثانیه و زمان تعادل ایستا قبل از تمرین نوروفیدبک برابر با 560/1±122/51 ثانیه و بعد از تمرین نوروفیدبک 085/1±245/56 ثانیه بدست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل که نشان می دهد تمرینات نوروفیدبک بر تعادل ایستا و پویای سالمندان تاثیر دارد، می توان از این نوع تمرینات برای افزایش تعادل سالمندان که از فاکتور های مهم این دوران است، در دوران سالمندی و یا در مراکز نگهداری سالمندان استفاده کرد.
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر نوروفیدبک و تمرینات جسمانی بر تعادل بیماران دچار سکته مغزی بود. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع RCT و مطالعه بین گروهی بود، جامعه مورد مطالعه بیماران سکته مغزی در بازه سنی 35 – 70 سال بودند که از بین آنها 6 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند، و به طور تصادفی در سه گروه کنترل، تمرین جسمانی و نوروفیدبک (هر گروه 2 نفر) قرار گرفتند. دوره درمان 12 جلسه 40 دقیقه ای (3روز در هفته) به طول انجامید. تمرین نوروفیدبک با هدف تقویت موج SMR انجام شد. همچنین به منظور تمرینات جسمانی از تمرینات کاوتورن و کوکسی استفاده شد. در این تحقیق از آمار توصیفی به منظور دسته بندی اطلاعات، میانگین و انحراف استاندارد و از روش آماریd کوهن و تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه آمیخته برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته های تحقیق استفاده شد. همچنین اندازه اثر در این پژوهش با استفاده از روشی مبتنی بر میانگین و انحراف استاندارد داده ها (dکوهن) محاسبه شد. یافته ها نشان داد که در گروه نوروفیدبک و تمرین جسمانی بهبود معنی داری در تعادل نشان دادند اما در گروه فیزیوتراپی مرسوم تغییر چندانی حاصل نشد. در مجموع می توان گفت نوروفیدبک و تمرینات جسمانی می توانند به عنوان مکمل فیزیوتراپی معمول به تسریع درمان و بهبود تعادل بیماران دچار سکته مغزی کمک کنند.
Low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LoRETA) neurofeedback and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback may improve driving ability by enhancing attention, impulse control, and peripheral vision, and reducing stress. However, it is unclear whether combined LoRETA neurofeedback and HRV biofeedback can improve driving performance for individuals experiencing persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). In this study, seven individuals with PPCS completed an eight-week LoRETA neurofeedback and HRV biofeedback intervention. Changes in participants’ simulated driving performance and self-reported symptoms were measured and compared to two control groups: individuals with PPCS (n = 9), and healthy control participants (n = 8). Individuals in the intervention and PPCS control groups reported reduced PPCS severity (p < .05) compared to healthy control participants. Interestingly, individuals in the intervention group responded variably. These results indicate that more research is necessary to identify the subgroup of individuals that respond to LoRETA neurofeedback and HRV biofeedback and confirm these preliminary results.
The restoration of motor function is important in daily life in patients with brain damage. Although attentional concentration can affect motor function, most physical therapists focus only on therapeutic exercise. Therefore, we investigated changes in motor function in patients with high attentional concentration during our intervention. A total of 21 subjects diagnosed with stroke participated in the study. They were divided into the high attentional concentration group and low attentional concentration group based on the self-programmed attention index. The subjects underwent trunk strengthening and gait training for 30 min per session, twice a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 4 weeks. All patients wore electroencephalogram (EEG) devices during the treatment to enable EEG examinations. Diagnostic ultrasound was used to measure muscles of the abdomen: external oblique abdominal, internal oblique abdominal, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominal muscles. A trunk impairment scale was used to evaluate trunk control. We used Gaitrite to measure the spatial and temporal components during gait. The group with high attentional concentration showed significant differences in abdominal muscle strength and trunk control. In gait, there was a significant difference in swing cycle, stance cycle, single cycle, double support cycle, stance time, and double support time. Therefore, attentional concentration should be considered to improve motor function as a part of therapeutic exercises for stroke patients.
Action observation training based on the theory of activation of the mirror-neuron system has been used for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In this paper, we sought to assess whether a brain-computer interface-based action observation rehabilitation game, using a flickering action video, could preferentially activate the mirror-neuron system. Feedback of stimulus observation, evoked by the flickering action video, was provided using steady state visually evoked potential and event related desynchronization. Fifteen healthy subjects experienced the game with brain-computer interface interaction (game and interaction), without brain-computer interface interaction (game without interaction), observed non-flickering stimuli, and flickering stimuli without the game background (stimuli only) in a counter-balanced order. The game and interface condition resulted in significantly stronger activation of the mirror-neuron system than did the other three conditions. In addition, the amount of mirror-neuron system activation gradually decreased in the game without interface, non-flickering stimuli, and stimuli only conditions in a time-dependent manner; however, in the game and interface condition, the amount of mirror-neuron system activation was maintained until the end of the training. Taken together, these data suggest that the proposed game paradigm, which integrates the action observation paradigm with brain-computer interface technology, could provide interactive responses for whether watching video clips can engage patients and enhance rehabilitation.
The employment of neurofeedback is growing rapidly in sport performance enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training on motor performance and conscious motor processing of skilled dart players. The subjects were 20 male skilled dart players. The research was conducted in five phases: pretest, neurofeedback training, posttest 1, under pressure test and posttest 2. Neurofeedback training consisted of prevention training of the alpha frequency band. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and mixed ANOVA were used. The results of mixed ANOVA showed that the main effect of the test sessions was significant. In other words, the effects of training have been to improve performance and to reduce errors in all groups. In addition, the main effect of the group is significant. Therefore, the type of intervention had a different effect on the dart throwing performance, and the groups had different progress. Also, the interactive effect between the test sessions and the group was significant (p = 0.001). Results indicate the amount of conscious motor processing for neurofeedback training group decreased at post-test 1(p=0.001) and, under pressure test (p=0.001) but this reduction was not observed in the control group. The findings indicated an effect among neurofeedback training, conscious motor processing and sport performance. In other words, the neurofeedback training leads to the desired motor performance and creates automatic sense in the athlete by reducing the conscious motor processing
Objectives Balance maintenance is one of the indices of determining independence in older people. Identifying other factors that have considerable impact on the independence of older peoples is an interesting research topic. The present study aims at determining the effect of Neurofeedback and Mental Motor Imagery practices on balance in the elderly.
Methods & Materials The population of this study consisted of elderly people of Mashhad, a city in northeast Iran. A total of 24 elderly people with age ranging from 60-82 years old volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to three groups (with eight participants in each group). The participants of experimental groups were involved in the special training (neurofeedback training and mental imagery practice) for eight weeks (with three sessions each week)while the control group were not involved in any practice. Stork Balance Stand Test and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to assess the static and dynamic balance of participants respectively, before and after the training sessions. The Shapiro–Wilk test of normality was used to check normality of data. Additionally, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the effect of training with pre-test scores used as covariate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 21 at a=0.05.
Results The results of Analysis of Covariance revealed that there was a significant effect of neurofeedback and mental imagery on the static and dynamic balance of elderly people (P
Aims: Reaction time is one of the most accurate indicators for evaluating speed and efficiency of decision making in different situations, especially sport situations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training on the visual and auditory reaction time of veterans and disabled athletes.
Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design in 2017, 16 veterans and disabled people in Shiraz, were selected by convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 15 sessions of neurofeedback training with Vilistus tool and enhancement sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) protocol and declining Theta. All the participants performed a simple and selective reaction time in visual and auditory, before and after the beginning of the training. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using mixed analysis of variance, analysis of variance with repeated measure and LSD post hoc tests.
Results: Neurofeedback training reduced reaction time in visual simple (p=0.007), auditory simple (p=0.001), visual selective (p=0.003), and auditory selectivity (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Neurofeedback training is effective on improving brain functions for simple and selective reaction time during visual and auditory in veterans and disabled athletes.
Neurofeedback practices around the world were surveyed. Information was received from 47 practitioners in 27 countries. Time spent in the practice of neurofeedback, training, licensing and certification requirements, professional neurofeedback associations, types of disorders treated and acceptance of neurofeedback in each country are provided and discussed.
Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback whereby a patient can learn to control measurements of brain activity such as those recorded by an electroencephalogram. It has been explored as a treatment for sequelae of traumatic brain injury, although the use of neurofeedback remains outside the realm of routine clinical practice.
Google Scholar™ was used to find 22 examples of primary research. Measures of symptom improvement, neuropsychological testing, and changes in subjects' quantitative electroencephalogram were included in the analysis. A single reviewer classified each study according to a rubric devised by 2 societies dedicated to neurofeedback research.
All studies demonstrated positive findings, in that neurofeedback led to improvement in measures of impairment, whether subjective, objective, or both. However, placebo-controlled studies were lacking, some reports omitted important details, and study designs differed to the point where effect size could not be calculated quantitatively.
Neurofeedback is a promising treatment that warrants double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to determine its potential role in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Clinicians can advise that some patients report improvement in a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms after undergoing neurofeedback, although the treatment remains experimental, with no standard methodology.
Background and aim: Motor impairments, such as hemiparesis, incoordination and spasticity, are the most common deficits after stroke. Most patients show recovery in some of their lost motor function over time. Motor rehabilitation are included mixed of combined movement therapy techniques in many occupational clinics. cerebral waves such as Theta wave can influence on patients function. There fore, the purpose of this study is to understand the influence of combined of occupational therapy and neurofeedback on motor recovery of stroke patients.
Materials and methods :This study used a single-system (A-B) design. During the baseline phase patient's function of upper and lowe limb were measured by Fugl-Meyer and Berg Test on three day intervals during 4 week and have occupational therapy every day. After this time, their treatment program began. In this phase they received combined of neurofeedback and occupational therapy for 4 week. Then results of evaluations of two phases were analysed.
Results: Both cases show significant recovery at upper limbs( case1 81.1% , case2 68.1%) and lower limbs( case1 73.1% , case2 75.4% ) in Fugel-Mayer test and Berg test( case1 51.6% , case2 68.1%).
Conclusion:Regarding the significant recovery of upper and lower limb function of patients, adding neurofeedback to routine occupational therapy can be considered as a practical method in rehabilitation of stroke patients. However further research is needed.
Background:
A typical consequence of right hemispheric brain lesions is spatial neglect. Patients with spatial neglect suffer from a variety of neglect phenomena and related disorders, including a sustained shift of the horizontal eye-in-head position toward the affected hemisphere. The aim of this study was to investigate benefits of a method of coupling eye movement to an acoustic feedback.
Methods:
Seven outpatients of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, with a chronic spatial neglect following a brain lesion took part in the study. The participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment of spatial neglect at baseline after 10 and 15 training sessions and a follow-up after 3 months. Therapy sessions included training of the saccadic and the pursuit eye movement with the help of acoustic feedback.
Results:
There were significant improvements of performance in visual exploration, reading, reaction times, and the total score of the conventional subtest of the Behavioral Inattention Test and decreased symptoms of anosognosia. The results stayed stable over a period of 3 months.
Conclusion:
Coupling eye movements to acoustic feedback seemed to be a suitable training method to improve visual exploration, reading, and awareness of patients with visual neglect.
A previous comprehensive bibliography of neurofeedback outcome studies was published by the author in 2001. Since that time there have been many new publications as the field of neurofeedback continues maturing, and a few older references were discovered. Therefore a new update of references under categories for various clinical conditions is provided.
Constraint-Induced (CI) Movement Therapy is a new approach to the rehabilitation of movement, based on research in neuroscience and behavioral psychology, that has been shown in controlled experiments to greatly increase the amount of use of an impaired upper extremity in chronic stroke patients in both the laboratory and the real world. CI Therapy consists of a family of techniques that induce stroke patients to greatly increase their use of an affected upper extremity for many hours a day over 10 to 14 consecutive days. The signature technique involves restricting the contralateral arm in a sling and training the affected arm. This commentary reviews the animal and human research and the theoretical formulation on which CI Therapy is based. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A 55-year-old male subject was treated with a two-tiered neurotherapy approach for a period of six months beginning approximately one year after a left-side CVA. Medical evaluation revealed left posterior temporal/parietal infarctions secondary to occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. The patient complained of hesitant speech with word finding difficulty and paraphasia, difficulty focusing his right eye, lack of balance and coordination, poor short-term memory, poor concentration, anxiety, depression, and tinnitus. A quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) analysis revealed increased left-side 4-7-Hz activity and alpha persistence on eye opening. Two neurotherapy approaches were used beginning with electroencephalographic entrainment feedback (EEF). This was followed by neurofeedback to inhibit 4-7 Hz and increase 15-21 Hz over sensorimotor and speech areas. At the conclusion of treatment there were significant reductions in slow-wave activity. Improvement was evident in speech fluency, word finding, balance and coordination, attention, and concentration. Depression, anxiety, and tinnitus were greatly reduced.
Electroencephalography is truly an interdisciplinary endeavor, involving concepts and techniques from a variety of different disciplines. Included are basic physics, neuro physiology, electrophysiology, electrochemistry, electronics, and electrical engineer ing, as well as neurology. Given this interesting and diverse mixture of areas, the train ing of an EEG technician, a neurology resident, or an EEG researcher in the basics of clinical electroencephalography presents an uncommon challenge. In the realm of technology, it is relatively easy to obtain a technically adequate EEG simply by learning to follow a protocol and by correctly setting the various switches on the EEG machine at the right time. But experience has shown that the ability to obtain high-quality EEGs on a routine, day-to-day basis from a wide variety of patients requires understanding and knowledge beyond what is learned by rote. Likewise, knowledge above and beyond what is gained by simple participation in an EEG reading is necessary to correctly and comprehensively interpret the record. Such knowledge comes from an understanding of the basic principles upon which the practice of clinical EEG is founded - principles that derive from the various disciplines cited.
Neurofeedback techniques are used as treatment for a variety of psychological disorders, including attention deficit disorder, dissociative identity disorder, depression, drug and alcohol abuse, and brain injury. Resources for understanding what the technique is, how it is used, and to what disorders and patients it can be applied are scarce. This book will be of interest to practicing clinicians and clinical psychologists in independent practice and hospital settings. It provides an introduction to neurofeedback/neurotherapy techniques. The book details advantages of quantitative EEG over other systems like PET and SPECT. It gives details of QEEG procedures and typical measures, and describes QEEG databases available for reference. The book also recommends protocols for specific disorders and patient populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Suggests that recovery of function is not an event but a process. When it occurs, this process bridges the gap between the occurrence of the brain injury and the reinstatement of a particular behavior disrupted by the brain injury. Accordingly, to understand the process of recovery of function, one must first appreciate the point from which the process begins, that is, the behavioral deficit. It is the thesis of the present author that one effect of neural injury is to cause the individual to shift behavioral control to neural systems not directly affected by the neurological insult. The behavioral deficit is then the result of the individual's attempting to learn new behaviors to compensate for those normally mediated by the damaged neural system. Recovery of function, on the other hand, represents a return to the neural system directly affected by the injury and the utilization of whatever of this system may be spared. (52 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Strategies for neurological rehabilitation after brain injury have an increasingly scientific basis, which is being built upon animal models that examine the short- and long-term consequences of an injury and that test training paradigms, drugs and biologic interventions. Damage is associated with neuronal and network changes that can be manipulated to improve outcomes. Adjustments in the synaptic strength between the neuronal assemblies that represent behaviors are a key mechanism by which motor learning and functional gains evolve. Although practice aids adaptations, early overuse of cells adjacent to the site of injury might lead to a greater focal injury. The search for relevant models for rehabilitative interventions in terms of cellular and systems alterations, physiology, anatomy, impairments, and measurable behaviors continues.
Injury-induced cortical reorganization is a widely recognized phenomenon. In contrast, there is almost no information on treatment-induced plastic changes in the human brain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reorganization in the motor cortex of stroke patients that was induced with an efficacious rehabilitation treatment.
We used focal transcranial magnetic stimulation to map the cortical motor output area of a hand muscle on both sides in 13 stroke patients in the chronic stage of their illness before and after a 12-day-period of constraint-induced movement therapy.
Before treatment, the cortical representation area of the affected hand muscle was significantly smaller than the contralateral side. After treatment, the muscle output area size in the affected hemisphere was significantly enlarged, corresponding to a greatly improved motor performance of the paretic limb. Shifts of the center of the output map in the affected hemisphere suggested the recruitment of adjacent brain areas. In follow-up examinations up to 6 months after treatment, motor performance remained at a high level, whereas the cortical area sizes in the 2 hemispheres became almost identical, representing a return of the balance of excitability between the 2 hemispheres toward a normal condition.
This is the first demonstration in humans of a long-term alteration in brain function associated with a therapy-induced improvement in the rehabilitation of movement after neurological injury.
Mindfitness Training: Neurofeedback and the Process
- A Crane
- R Soutar
Biofeedback: A Generalized Approach to Neuroegulation. Section 2 presented within a course manual; EEG Biofeedback Certification student binder #1, academic year
- S Othmer
- S F Othmer
- D Kaiser
Neuroanatomy Made Easy and Understandable
- M Liebman
The accident that saved my daughter's life
- D Wing
A Symphony in the Brain
- J Robbins
A report on a study of the utiliza-tion of electro-encephalography (Neuro-analyzer) for the treatment of cerebral vascu-lar lesion syndromes
- M E Ayers