No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Use of Differential Media with the Membrane Filter *
... One of the more significant aspects of membrane filter usage has been the collection of all of the bacteria present in a test sample (Kabler and Clark, 1952). This has increased the likelihood of recognizing the presence of small numbers of bacteria which might otherwise fail to be detected (Shipe and Cameron, 1954). ...
Influenza virus was recovered from aqueous suspensions by means of membrane filters. Separation of virus from bacterial mixtures was achieved and virus was recovered free from bacteria. Technics developed for this application of the use of membrane filters were presented. These technics were extended to the successful isolation of Asian influenza virus from clinical specimens made available for use in the study.
... He reported that incubation of both enrichment broths at 41.5 C often resulted in obtaining almost pure cultures of salmonellae. Kabler et al. (7) suggested the use of Tetrathionate broth without calcium carbonate for enrichment of salmonellae other than S. typhosa. They reported about 80% recovery of salmonellae from mixed cultures containing coliforms. ...
A procedure has been developed for the enumeration of salmonellae in polluted waters using several modifications of existing techniques. Confirmation of salmonellae is achieved within 48 hr. This procedure includes selective enrichment in m-Tetrathionate Broth (22 ± 1 hr), plating on Brilliant Green Sulfa Agar (20 ± 1 hr), and confirmation by flagellar (H) agglutination of the growth in a mannosecontaining medium (6 ± 1 hr). An incubation temperature of 41.5 C was used throughout this procedure. Dilution to extinction techniques (most probable number) were employed to enumerate salmonellae. Large sample volumes were concentrated through the use of membrane filters. This technique proved to be rapid and reliable for the enumeration of salmonellae in water, waste water, and waste-water sludges.
... While various membrane filtration and culture techniques have been characterized as an adequate approach for inferring fecal contamination in recreational waters (Kabler and Clark, 1952;Ciebin et al., 1995;Grant, 1997), there are several issues that suggest the need to consider alternative methods. Culture techniques typically employed for E. coli determination at Canadian Great Lakes beaches include Differential Coliform Media (DCM) and Fecal Coliform media supplemented with 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide (FC + BCIG, Ciebin et al., 1995). ...
Membrane filtration/culture techniques have been demonstrated to be reliable and broadly applicable for determination of fecal contamination in recreational waters. The time-consuming nature of culture techniques, however, is viewed as the major disadvantage of this type of analysis, and many authors have asserted the need for improved rapid-detection methods. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the ENDETEC™ TECTA™ B16, an automated fluorometry-based microbial detection system, by comparing its detection time and accuracy to those of two common culture-based methods, which are widely-used for recreational water quality monitoring in Canada. Our results demonstrated that Escherichia coli densities inferred by the TECTA™ method were generally in agreement with those generated by standard culture methods (y = 1.19x + 0.002, R2 = 0.89) and under the current calibration regime, TECTA™ tended to slightly overestimate E. coli densities. In addition, TECTA™ was able to detect E. coli densities in exceedance of the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objective for recreational waters in as little as 4 h (mean detection time = 7.03 h), representing a substantial improvement over traditional culture techniques. Our findings suggest that with improved calibration, TECTA™ may provide a viable, cost-effective, rapid alternative to culture approaches for the detection of fecal contamination in recreational waters.
The Millipore Filter technique is a new method for the concentration, removal, and enumeration of bacteria in liquids and air. Its application to the evaluation of the sanitary condition of pipe lines cleaned in place is discussed, together with other possible applications to water, milk, and food bacteriology. This procedure will be a valuable tool in quality control and bacteriological research.
1.
In Paralleluntersuchungen wurden 457 Wasserproben mit den amerikanischen und englischen bakteriologischen Wasseruntersuchungsmethoden unter Verwendung verschiedener Nährböden im Presumptive Test und mit der Membranfiltrationsmethode untersucht. Die Methodik ist kurz dargestellt.
2.
Auf Grund unserer Ergebnisse sind wir der Ansicht, daß die Membranfiltrationsmethode den anderen geprüften Methoden überlegen ist, weil man mit ihr eine größere Zahl an richtig positiven Resultaten erhält.
3.
Für die Bestimmung der Gesamtkeimzahl und die Feststellung der im Wasser vorhandenen Colibakterien ist sie verläßlicher und genauer. Außerdem ist sie schneller, einfacher und billiger.
Molecular or milli‐pore filter membranes have been used for a number of years in Europe. The Goetz type, recently introduced in America, not only retains all micro‐organisms from a large volume of liquid but also can be placed in contact with an absorbent pad soaked with concentrated nutrient solution; this solution passes through the pores of the membrane to the bacteria deposited on its surface, so that they can be cultivated in situ .
The work described below is a preliminary survey to assess the possibility of applying membrane‐filter technique to media and methods commonly used in Britain for the bacteriological examination of water. The chief advantages of the technique are concentration of micro‐organisms, removal of inhibitory substances and saving in glassware and in media preparation.
Further investigations proposed include the examination of a series of samples, the development of a procedure for achieving a rapid result and the isolation of pathogenic organisms from sewage effluents and polluted waters.
Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography was performed on dried Bacillus microorganisms to evaluate the effects of growth media. Six cultures of Bacillus and six lot numbers of Trypticase soy agar (BBL) were used to test the hypothesis that a microorganism grown on various lot numbers of the same chromatogram. Also tested was the effect of three different media on chromatogram reproduction using the same six cultures. Results show little or no differences observed between the chromatograms of the individual Bacillus spp. grown on the six lot numbers of Trypticase soy agar. When chromatograms of the three different media were compared, several differences were observed, particularly in the areas most characteristic of individual species. Pryolysis gas-liquid chromatography can be a useful tool for the characterization or identification of the genus Bacillus if the chromatographic and cultural conditions are maintained.
fection or only a carrier state, their presence strongly suggests a possible avenue of transmission from feed to poultry to man. This disease potential has stimulated studies toward improvement of the methods for isolation of these organisms from a variety of sources. Numerous modifications of enrichment and selective plating media have been developed by formulating or modifying the composition of available media and procedural details (2,3,4, 10). The isolation of microorganisms of the genus Salmonella has been difficult when they are present in relatively small numbers in the feed samples. Various modifications of the most probable number (MPN) technique have been employed in the enumeration of salmonellae, particularly when a small number of salmonella organisms were present in large amounts of feed or feed ingredients. Traditionally, efforts have been directed to study of the suitability of various formulations and modifications of the composition of pre-enrichment, enrichment, and selective media. The MPN technique is, in effect, a series of qualitative determinations from which quantitative data may be derived from probabilities of frequency of occur
This chapter illustrates membrane filtration that has been evaluated by numerous investigators in the field of public health. It is used in analysis of water for determining the presence of coliform and various pathogenic organisms. Membrane filtration is used for isolation of specific microorganisms, such as E. coli, S. typhosa, M . tuberculosis, B . suis, Bacillus anthracis, and various yeasts and pollens. In the dairy industry, membrane filters are used in bacteriological analysis of milk, sterilization of liquid additives, routine checks of water supplies, and examination of containers and pipes. In medical or clinical procedures, membrane filters are utilized for analysis of sputum, spinal fluid, and urine. The sputum, urine, or spinal fluid must be treated prior to the filtration. In aerobiology, membrane filtration can be used for collection and analysis of pollen and bacteria. While membrane filter retention of organisms directly collected from air did not present any special difficulties, the maintenance of the viability of the organisms can be a problem.
Influenza virus was recovered from aqueous suspensions by means of membrane filters. Separation of virus from bacterial mixtures was achieved and virus was recovered free from bacteria. Technics developed for this application of the use of membrane filters were presented. These technics were extended to the successful isolation of Asian influenza virus from clinical specimens made available for use in the study.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.