... Not unlike governments in other contexts (see, for example, Dalacoura, 2014;Graff, 2010), the Vietnamese government became concerned about a number of cultural flows into Vietnam and their potential effects, in terms of what were deemed social evils (Horton, 2014;Khuat et al., 2009;Nguyen, 2016;Rydstrom, 2006Rydstrom, , 2010. Over the years, the label social evil has been applied by the government, in public discourse, and by citizens, to categorize a wide range of social practices deemed damaging for Vietnamese society and tradition, such as domestic violence, drug use, gambling, plagiarism, sex work, sexually transmitted diseases, and even homosexuality (Colby et al., 2004;Fewston, 2012;Horton & Rydstrom, 2011;Newton, 2012;Nguyen-vo, 2008;Pastoetter, 2004;Rydstrom, 2016;Vijeyarasa, 2010). ...