Article

Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents

April 2004
Journal of Orthodontics 31(1):20-7; discussion 15

DOI:10.1179/146531204225011364

Source
PubMed

Authors:

Cesar de Oliveira

University College London

Aubrey Sheiham

University College London

To assess whether Brazilian adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had lower levels of impacts on their oral health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years. Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess adolescents' oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis. A response rate of 100% was obtained. Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had fewer oral health-related impacts compared to the other two groups. They were 1.85 times (95% CI 1.30 to 2.62) less likely to have an oral health impact on their daily life activities than adolescents currently under treatment or 1.43 (1.01 to 2.02) times than those who never had treatment. Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had a better oral health-related quality of life than those currently under treatment or those who never had treatment.

Frequency distribution of the IOTN dental health component grades and orthodontic treatment status in the sample of 1675 adolescents

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analysis of the relationship between reported impacts on the nine activities of the Oral Impact on Daily Performances measure (OIDP) and orthodontic treatment status in the sample of 1675 adolescents

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distribution and results of simple and multiple logistic regression of the variables included in the study of adolescents' overall oral health impact according to the OIDP oral health-related quality of life measure (n=1675)

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PATIENTS' ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

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Impacts of Malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality Among Saudi Orthodontic Patients

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Jun 2022

The literature contains contradictory evidence on the association between malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in different populations. OHRQoL is a multi-dimensional construct that comprises a subjective assessment of how an individual ‘s oral health impacts their comfort, functional, psychological, social well-being and overall quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gender, age, malocclusion severity and OHRQoL in Saudi patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the King Saud University Dental Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was done on a random sample of 108 orthodontic patients aged 14–25 years. The orthodontic treatment needs of each participant were assessed using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN-DC). While, the oral heath quality of life was evaluated by asking the participant to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The participants generally had good OHRQoL. No association was found between their OHIP-14 scores and IOTN-DC grades. The oral health quality of life of participants with “borderline treatment needs” was strongly affected by psychological disability and psychological discomfort. In particular, Females with ‘borderline need of treatment’ showed positive impact on oral health than males. Overall, malocclusion did not have a major impact on OHRQoL. This study found that malocclusion had no discernible detrimental effects on OHRQoL and its domains.

Impact of Malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality Among Saudi Orthodontic Patients

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OHRQoL is a multi-dimensional construct that comprises a subjective assessment of how an individual‘s oral health impacts their comfort, functional, psychological, social well-being and overall quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gender, age, malocclusion severity and OHRQoL in Saudi patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the King Saud University Dental Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Impacts of Malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality Among Saudi Orthodontic Patients

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Tratamiento de la maloclusión de clase III con aparato bionator de Balters en pacientes infantiles y juveniles: una revisión narrativa

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Aug 2023

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) destaca que la maloclusión ocupa la tercera posición en las prioridades de los problemas odontológicos de Salud Pública Global, debido a su amplia prevalencia, lo que la califica como una cuestión relevante en salud pública. La mordida cruzada anterior se caracteriza por la colocación inadecuada de los dientes anteriores superiores, que se superponen por dentro con respecto a los dientes inferiores. Esta discrepancia oclusal específica requiere una intervención oportuna para evitar el agravamiento, potencialmente hasta una etapa esquelética, en la edad adulta, donde la corrección a menudo requeriría procedimientos quirúrgicos ortognáticos. En este contexto, el propósito de este estudio fue realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura para ilustrar la relevancia del tratamiento temprano de la mordida cruzada anterior, utilizando una adaptación del aparato ortopédico Bionator de Balters. Este método fue empleado con el fin de abordar la maloclusión de Clase III en la fase de dentición mixta. El análisis tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficacia de este enfoque cuando se implementa de manera temprana, con el fin de tratar de manera satisfactoria esta irregularidad oclusal.

Psychometric properties of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) index: a cross-sectional and an intervention study of adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023
BMC Oral Health

Background The clinical measures are not sufficient to assess oral health because they don’t tell us anything about functional and psychosocial aspects of oral health and do not reflect person’s concerns and subjectively perceived symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) index among Bosnian 12-14 years old schoolchildren. Methods The study population comprised 203 primary schoolchildren aged 12-14 years attending three schools in the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected through: a clinical oral examination, oral health questionnaire and C-OIDP questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the C-OIDP were tested on a sample of 203 school-going children while responsiveness of the C-OIDP was assessed on 42 randomly chosen participants requiring a dental treatment. Results In terms of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. Regarding the testing of construct validity, the C-OIDP score was increased as children’s self-reported oral health changed from excellent to very bad and from very satisfied to dissatisfied. There was a significant improvement in C-OIDP post-treatment score compared with C-OIDP pre-treatment score. Overall, 63.4% of participants reported at least one oral impact in the last 3 months. The most affected performances were “eating” (38.4%) and “speaking” (25.1%). Conclusion The Bosnian version of the C-OIDP showed satisfactory validity, reliability and responsiveness and can be used as an appropriate OHRQoL measure for further epidemiological researches.

Impacto da má oclusão e do tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes

Article

Jul 2019

Introdução: A Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde Bucal (QVRSB) descreve como as diferentes condições relacionadas à saúde bucal afetam a execução de atividades diárias de um indivíduo, tais como falar, mastigar e dormir, além do seu bem-estar e sua vida social. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da má oclusão na QVRSB de crianças e adolescentes que estavam em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo, e os fatores associados. Materiais e métodos: foi selecionada uma amostra de 161 indivíduos entre 10 e 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, em tratamento na clínica de Especialização em Ortodontia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. As crianças/adolescentes responderam à versão brasileira do Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP), que é subdividido em 8 domínios que avaliam os impactos que as condições bucais podem ter sobre a execução de atividades diárias; os pais/responsáveis responderam a um formulário socioeconômico; e o pesquisador coletou informações da ficha clínica e dos modelos ortodônticos dos participantes, como tipo de aparelho, má oclusão (Dental Aesthetic Index - DAI), extração de pré-molares por indicação ortodôntica e tempo de tratamento. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Resultados: As variáveis que apresentaram um valor de p<0,20 foram má oclusão/DAI (p=0,032) e escolaridade dos pais (p=0,184) e foram incorporados na regressão logística (p<0,05). No modelo multivariado final, observou-se que indivíduos com má oclusão ausente/leve (DAI ≤25) possuíam 2,05 (95%IC=1,05–4,00) menos chances de apresentar impacto na QVRSB quando comparadas com aqueles com má oclusão mais grave (DAI≥26). Conclusões: a gravidade da má oclusão foi um importante fator de impacto na QVRSB de indivíduos jovens sob tratamento ortodôntico. Descritores: Qualidade de Vida. Má oclusão. Ortodontia. Odontopediatria.

Determination of Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Secondary School Going Children using OIDP Index - A Cross Sectional Study

Article

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Feb 2023

Introduction- Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious microbial disease that affects 60–90% of school-aged children. It is a serious health issue in the majority of industrialised nations. Materials and Methods- A cross-sectional survey of school children was conducted to assess the relationship between dental caries and OHRQoL. The independent sample t-test was used to assess the relationship between the mean of C-OIDP dimensions and the prevalence of dental caries. Any p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results- Mean OIDP score for all dimensions (except eating) was higher in subjects with caries than in subjects without caries among rural schoolchildren. With the exception of eating, speaking, cleaning, working, and emotion, there was a statistically significant difference in OIDP scores between subjects with and without caries. (T-test independent). Conclusion- The current study shows positive relation between caries and OHRQoL. Therefore, it is important to encourage the use of OHRQoL measures in children to learn more about dental health and how it affects kids' overall health.

Impact of temporomandibular disorder on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents

Article

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Nov 2021

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. The OHRQoL of adolescents undergoing dental treatment at a University clinic in 2019 was measured using the Brazilian version of the Oral Heath Impact Profile – 14 (OHIP-14). The diagnosis of TMD was performed using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). The patients were examined for other oral conditions and the parents/guardians answered questions addressing socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and the general health of the adolescents. Statistical analysis involves simple and multiple logistic regression models. Ninety male and female adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age participated in the study. The prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL was 34%. In the unadjusted analysis, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with a poorer self- perception of general and oral health of the adolescent, nonspecific symptoms including pain, and generalized anxiety disorder, caries, reports of dental pain, muscle disorders and disc displacement, and chronic pain related to TMD. In the adjusted model, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with all diagnoses related to TMD on the RDC/TMD, except signs of depression. Adolescents with at least one diagnosis related to TMD were 4.13-fold more likely (95% CI:1.08-15.80) to have negative impact on OHRQoL than adolescents without a diagnosis of TMD. The different diagnostic categories of TMD had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of the adolescents analyzed in the present study.

Impact of orthodontic treatment on oral health related quality of life at a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A pilot study

Article

Nov 2016

Aims: Malocclusion may not be life-threatening but it is an important public health problem, which has impact on the domains of discomfort, social and functional limitations. Orthodontic treatment may also cause functional restrictions, discomfort and pain. This study aimed to determine the impact of orthodontic treatment on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of a group of patients receiving care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos. (LASUTH). Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among patients that were registered for care at the orthodontic clinic and had commenced fixed appliance therapy for one month. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic information and to assess the orthodontic profile as well as the OHRQoL of the respondents. Results: The highest OHRQOL scores were observed in the subdomains of self-consciousness, pain, discomfort on chewing, being irritable and embarrassment. Subjects aged between 21–40 years had the highest mean impact scores (32.93±7.86). Similarly, females and tertiary educated respondents had the highest mean impact scores (29.93±7.48). Respondents with definite malocclusion had the lowest mean OHIP-14 scores (18.00) while the respondent with very severe handicapping malocclusion had the highest mean scores (26.98). Respondents that had poor oral hygiene had a higher mean OHIP-14 scores (1.93±0.54) even though the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment appears to be associated with a negative impact on the OHRQoL of respondents at the early stage of orthodontic treatment. This impact was highest in females, those aged between 21–40 years and those with a tertiary education. It is imperative that patients are adequately psychologically prepared before treatment commences and that care is taken to reduce iatrogenic damage to improve their likelihood of completing it.

Quality-of-life improvement, psychosocial benefits, and patient satisfaction of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a summary of systematic reviews

Article

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May 2022
EUR J ORTHODONT

Background: Function, aesthetics, and social and psychological well-being are all important aspects for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Objective: To evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on patient perception and quality of life before, during and after treatment. Search methods: All relevant systematic reviews published up to 31st July 2020 have been searched via MEDLINE via OVID, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), and PubMed.Ongoing systematic reviews and grey literature were eliminated. A manual search was also undertaken, and no restrictions were applied to language or publication date. Selection criteria: Systematic reviews involving dentofacial deformities related to systemic disorders, cleft lip and palate, facial trauma, and syndromes affecting cranial and dentofacial structures were excluded. Data collection and analysis: Identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment [using the AMSTAR 2 tool (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)] were performed by two authors independently. Data were synthesized qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 662 eligible studies were obtained of which 24 studies were selected for full-text evaluation, resulting in 12 eligible systematic reviews. Limitations: Due to heterogeneity of data, quantitative analysis was not possible. Conclusions and implications: Aesthetics and function are the main motives for seeking orthognathic surgery. Patient assessment before, during, and after orthognathic surgery is necessary for a thorough evaluation of self-perception and satisfaction throughout treatment. While psychological and social domains improved after orthognathic surgery treatment, the quality of life can deteriorate transiently during the pre-surgical orthodontic phase of treatment. A standardized assessment tool needs to be developed to assess quality-of-life changes consistently and provide comparable results. Registration: CRD42020199091.

Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life in adolescent: Case report

Article

Aug 2023

Gabriela de Figueiredo Meira

This case report aimed to describe the impact of malocclusion in oral health in the quality of life in a patient in adolescence. During the anamnesis, the patient reported being ashamed to smile due to the condition of her teeth and that she was bullying at school. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-11- 14) was applied before and after 7 months of treatment

Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 among clinical populations and non-clinical populations: an evidence for public oral investigations

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023
BMC Oral Health

Objective Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that is commonly used to examine the impact of oral health status on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the optimal factor model of the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in clinical populations, measurement invariance across clinical status and gender cohorts. This would ensure equal validity of the Chinese version of OHIP-14 in different populations and further support public oral investigations. Methods The Chinese version of OHIP-14 was used to investigate 490 dental patients and 919 college students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item analysis and reliability, measurement invariance, and the t-test were used for data analyses. Results We found that the 7-factor structure had the best-fit index in the sample (CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.952; SRMR = 0.029, RMSEA = 0.052(0.040,0.063)). The reliability of the scales was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0.942). The error variance invariance fitted the data adequately in measurement invariance, indicating that measurement invariance is acceptable both across the clinical and non-clinical populations (∆CFI=-0.017, ∆RMSEA = 0.010) and across genders in the clinical population (∆CFI = 0.000, ∆RMSEA=-0.003). T-test for scores showed that the clinical populations scored significantly higher than the non-clinical populations, as did the overall score (t = 7.046, p < 0.001, d = 0.396), in terms of functional limitation (t = 2.178, p = 0.030, d = 0.125), physical pain (t = 7.880, p < 0.001,d = 0.436), psychological discomfort (t = 8.993, p < 0.001, d = 0.514), physical disability (t = 6.343, p < 0.001, d = 0.358), psychological disability (t = 5.592, p < 0.001, d = 0.315), social disability (t = 5.301, p < 0.001,d = 0.304), social handicap (t = 4.452, p < 0.001, d = 0.253), and that in the non-clinical populations, females scored significantly higher than males, as did in terms of physical pain (t = 3.055, p = 0.002, d = 0.280), psychological discomfort (t = 2.478, p = 0.014, d = 0.222), and psychological disability (t = 2.067, p = 0.039, d = 0.188). Conclusion This study found that the Chinese version of OHIP-14 has measurement invariance between the clinical and non-clinical populations and across genders in the clinical populations, and can be widely used in OHRQoL assessment for public oral investigations.

Programa de envejecimiento activo

Chapter

Full-text available

Jan 2010

Durante el envejecimiento hay cambios en el rendimiento físico y sensorial que impulsan a la persona mayor a modificar sus actividades. El modelo de atención social a la salud permite que las personas mayores conserven y desarrollen su potencial y su bienestar físico, social y emocional, así como su participación social.

Reflection on patients’ experience with orthodontic appliances wear and its impact on oral health related quality of life: observational comparative study

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2023
BMC Oral Health

Background The objective of this study was to explore and compare patient’s experience with the use of a removable functional appliance or fixed orthodontic appliance and its influence on oral health-related quality of life. Material and methods This clinical trial included 81 participants having Class II Division 1 and age ranging between 10 and 16 years. The participants were included in any of a three equal groups according to the set inclusion and exclusion criteria; Group 1: patients treated with a Twin-Block functional appliance; Group 2: patients treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance only; and Group 3 (control group): patients not in orthodontic treatment yet. The COHIP SF-19 was used. Patients were given the questionnaire as follows: Group 1: (1) after at least 8 months from starting treatment; (2) after completing phase 1 by 2–3 months without wearing the appliance; Group 2: (1) just before debonding; (2) after finishing the treatment by 2–3 months without any appliances; and Group 3: (1) at the patient’s first visit to the orthodontic clinic; (2) after 2–3 months from the first visit to the orthodontic clinic and before starting any treatment. Results The 81 participants were 31 males and 50 females with median age of 13 years. The total COHIP SF-19 scores at baseline were 57 (49–64), 67 (63–72), and 47 (42–53) for the Twin-Block, the fixed appliance, and the malocclusion groups, respectively. Two-month mean scores adjusted to the baseline scores were 64.82 ± 1.15, 65.65 ± 1.47, and 54.45 ± 1.44 for the Twin-Block, the fixed appliance, and the malocclusion groups, respectively. Conclusions Both at baseline and two-months (adjusted to the baseline scores), participants in the malocclusion group showed compromised socio-emotional quality of life and reported the poorest total OHRQoL. At the baseline, better socio-emotional and total OHRQoL was reported by the fixed appliance group compared to the Twin-Block group but, after two months both groups gave similar sores. Therefore; patients’ perceptions about their experience with the orthodontic appliance might change.

Shame from Smiling and Speaking Due to Oral Health Problems in Brazilian Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Associations between Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Pain and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Happiness, and Polymorphisms in Adolescents’ Genes

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2023
Int J Environ Res Publ Health

Adolescence is marked by changes and vulnerability to the emergence of psychological problems. This study aimed to investigate associations between anxiety/depression/chronic pain and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)/happiness/polymorphisms in the COMT, HTR2A and FKBP5 genes in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with ninety adolescents 13 to 18 years. Anxiety, depression and chronic pain were evaluated using the RDC/TMD. The Oral Health Impact Profile was used to assess oral OHRQoL. The Subjective Happiness Scale was used to assess happiness. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT (rs165656, rs174675), HTR2A (rs6313, rs4941573) and FKBP5 (rs1360780, rs3800373) were genotyped using the Taqman® method. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Chronic pain and depression were associated with feelings of happiness (p < 0.05). A significant inverse association was found between anxiety and OHRQoL (p = 0.004). The presence of minor allele C of COMT rs174675 was significantly associated with depression (p = 0.040). Brazilian adolescents with depression and chronic pain considers themselves to be less happy than others and those with anxiety are more likely to have a negative impact on OHRQoL. Moreover, the rs174675 variant allele in the COMT gene was associated with depressive symptoms in Brazilian adolescents.

Malocclusion negatively impacted the oral health-related quality of life of children of low socioeconomic status

Article

Apr 2020

Aim: This study assessed whether the presence of malocclusion had a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of eight to ten-year-old children of low socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 111 children, eight to ten years of age, randomly selected from public schools from Diamantina, MG, Brazil. The number of children was determined by a sample size calculation. Two calibrated examiners performed clinical oral examinations for the diagnosis of malocclusion, dental caries experience, and traumatic dental injuries following the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the World Health Organization (WHO), and Andreasen’s classification, respectively. The Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) was applied to evaluate the OHRQoL. Descriptive and bivariate (p < 0.05) analyses were also performed. Results: Children had a mean age of 8.89 ± 0.82 years, of which 52.3% were female. The prevalence of malocclusion was 62.2%. Significant differences were found in emotional (p = 0.045) and social (p = 0.017) well-being subscale scores as well as in the total CPQ8-10 (p = 0.022) scores between children with and without malocclusion. Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion negatively impacted the OHRQoL of children aged eight to ten years of age of a low socioeconomic status. Uniterms: Child. Malocclusion. Pediatric dentistry. Quality of life.

The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment Need on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among 12-18-Year-Old Adolescents in Riyadh

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2022

This study assessed the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 12-18-year-old adolescents and explored the association between OHRQoL and treatment needs, gender, education level and family income. A total of 243 participants with no prior history of orthodontic treatment were included in this cross-sectional study utilizing a standardized self-explanatory questionnaire and clinical examination. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part included the participants' demographics (age, gender, education level, economic status) and the second part contained the Arabic version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14, which consists of 14 questions to assess the impact of the severity of maloc-clusion on routine activities. The clinical examination involved the dental health component (DHC) index of orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN). The outcome of the study showed that 46% of participants had little or no treatment needs, followed by 23.5% with borderline needs, and 30.5% with severe needs. Female participants had higher mean OHIP-14 scores (10.94 ± 8.17) compared to their male counterparts (8.44 ± 7.15), and the difference in the mean scores was significant (p = 0.015). The educational level did not significantly influence the mean OHIP-14 scores (p = 0.723), whereas the family income correlated negatively with the mean OHIP-14 scores. Participants with less family income had higher mean OHIP-14 scores (11.53 ± 8.67) compared to participants with high (8.22 ± 6.71) and average family income (10.68 ± 8.30). The mean OHIP-14 scores between the family income groups were statistically significant (p = 0.036). The overall OHIP-14 score of the participants was 9.67 ± 7.75. The need for orthodontic treatment is crucial among adolescents. It is recommended to have regular orthodontic consultations for adolescents and prompt referral for treatment to improve the OHRQoL.

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2022
Int J Environ Res Publ Health

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and anxiety levels of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliances. Materials and methods: The study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca in 2021. It included 120 adult patients between 19 and 45 years of age undergoing orthodontic treatment with conventional metal brackets. The data collection instruments chosen were the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety levels and the OHIP-14 questionnaire to measure the OHRQoL. Anxiety levels and OHRQoL were analyzed one month after starting treatment. Results: The mean age was 31.7 years ± 6.5 years; 68 patients were women (56.7%) and 52 were men (43.3%). Psychological disability was the dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire that was found to have the greatest impact (3.20 ± 1.08) on patients, as compared to the dimension of disability, which had the lowest impact on the oral-health quality of life (0.37 ± 0.56). The mean total score of the OHIP-14 questionnaire was 11.93 (±2.19). There was no statistically significant influence from either sex or age on the anxiety and oral-health quality of life of the participants; however, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of physical disability and anxiety traits. Conclusions: The physical disability dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire increased the anxiety level of adult patients treated with conventional brackets. The impact of orthodontic treatment on adult patients may negatively influence their levels of anxiety.

To Evaluate the Factors Influencing Patients Before Selecting Their Orthodontist

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2022

Aim This article aims to “evaluate the factors influencing patient before selecting their orthodontist in India.” Objectives To evaluate the orthodontists’ demographics influence patients to select their orthodontist and to know whether clinic amenities influence patients to select their orthodontist. Material and Method A descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted through a web-based self-administered questionnaire with 15 questions addressing various aspects of orthodontic treatment necessity. This study included 255 patients between the ages of 12 and 30 who are undergoing orthodontic treatment or have completed their orthodontic treatment. Results and Conclusion A total of 255 participants were there in the study. Patients were influenced by many factors such as skillful orthodontists with updated or recent knowledge, orthodontists’ demographics, and clinic amenities.

The Impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Orthodontic Patients with Missing Teeth Substituted with Acrylic Teeth During Orthodontic Treatment

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2022

Objective: This research aims to assess the impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in patients who had the missing teeth substituted with acrylic teeth during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Eighteen orthodontic patients aged between 18 and 35 years who had at least one missing tooth, and required prosthesis, were recruited. All patients were undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance for space opening and idealisation. Patient were randomly allocated into Group 1: Transbond XT adhesive only; Group 2: Transbond XT adhesive with surface sandblasting; Group 3: Transbond XT adhesive with surface abrasion; and Group 4: Triad Gel adhesive only. Upon achieving adequate space intraorally, the acrylic tooth was adjusted to required dimension. Subsequently, the corresponding metal bracket was attached to the labial surface using the different surface preparation prior to archwire ligation. The short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP-14) was used to measure the difference in OHRQoL between pre-(T0) and 6 months post-attachment (T1) of acrylic teeth. The patients were monitored monthly for six months. Results: The S-OHIP-14 for simple count (SC) and additive (ADD) scores method showed 28.3% and 40.4% improvement, respectively, although only the ADD method showed significance. Among all the domains, only the handicap domain showed the highest improvement (54.0%) which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: There was an overall DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v9i1.16905 Compend. of Oral Sci:vol9(1);2022;42-51 improvement in the orthodontic treatment outcome measure on the OHRQoL scores after six-months of having missing teeth substituted with acrylic teeth.

Perception and Satisfaction of Orthodontic patients towards Orthodontic treatment in KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital

Article

Jul 2022

Rosha Shrestha

Malocclusion and Esthetic Perception Among Young Adults in Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2022

Aim: To assess the malocclusion and esthetic perception among young adults in Riyadh region. Methodology: A total of 667 subjects aged above 6 years were included in this study. Link containing questionnaires were sent through social media, email, and WhatsApp. Questions were related to the effect of malocclusion on oral health such as dental caries, gum disease, difficulty in tooth brushing, perception of their teeth in the way of alignment, and smile personality. Results: 54.1% of participants said malocclusion can cause dental caries, 63.3% said it will lead to gum disease, and 72% were of the opinion that it will make tooth brushing difficult. 27.9% of study subjects were not happy with the alignment of their teeth. None of the responses were found to be statistically significant according to age (P > 0.05). Most of the questions were statistically significant according to gender (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of study subjects had good knowledge about malocclusion and oral health. Perception about esthetics was more among women than men. More than 90% of subjects thinks beautiful smile is a part of personality.

The Implementation of PROMs/PREMs in the Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes: A Questionnaire Survey

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of self-perceived treatment outcomes and experiences on psychological aspects, reflecting the importance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in orthodontic practice. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was constructed using the PROMs/PREMs concepts. It contained five parts: "Demographic data", "Self-perceived esthetics", "Self-perceived functional concern", "Satisfaction of treatment procedures", and "Psychological aspect". The questionnaire was piloted in five experts and 50 orthodontic patients to ensure its quality, using content validity, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha. The validated version was provided to patients who had a complete fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation. In addition, a multiple linear regression was used to analyze whether there were any influential factors on a psychological aspect. Statistical significance was taken at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 271 respondents completed the questionnaire. They tended to have positive perceptions toward the outcomes of orthodontic treatment. There was a significant difference in self-perceived esthetics between the male and female groups. Self-perceived esthetic and functional concerns as well as satisfaction of treatment procedures were found to have significant correlations with the psychological aspect. Sex and self-perceived esthetics were also found to be significant predictors of the psychological aspect. Conclusion: PROMs/PREMs should be considered as an important tool to assess treatment outcomes in orthodontic practice. There appeared to be significant impact of self-perceived esthetics on psychological aspects. Consequently, PROMs and PREMs should be introduced in orthodontic postgraduate programs to enhance the concept of patient-centered care in orthodontic practice.

Evaluation of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Patients Undergoing Lingual Versus Labial Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2022

Background Wearing fixed orthodontic appliances may negatively impact oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) during treatment. This study aimed to compare the OHRQoL of patients treated with labial or lingual appliances. Methodology A total of 38 patients (23 females, 15 males; mean age: 21.3 years) with class I malocclusion and moderate crowding in the upper and lower dental arches were included. These patients were planned to be treated on a non-extraction basis and were randomly divided into the following two groups: the lingual appliance (LA) group and the buccal appliance (BA) group. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to measure the OHRQoL at the following six assessment times: before treatment (T0), one week after treatment (T1), one month after treatment (T2), three months after treatment (T3), six months after treatment (T4), and at the end of the active treatment (T5). Results In total, 19 patients in each group were included in the final analysis with no dropouts. In both groups, the overall OHIP-14 scores increased and peaked on the first week following appliance placement and then significantly decreased over time. The LA group had significantly greater overall OHIP‑14 scores than the labial group at T1 (p < 0.001) and T2 (p = 0.004) only. Conclusions The OHRQoL improved in both lingual and labial groups after treatment. Moreover, it was better in the labial group compared to the lingual group during the first month of treatment. In both groups, the greatest deterioration in OHRQoL occurred in the first week and gradually decreased over time.

The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics in Undergraduates with Borderline Malocclusion

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2022

Background: The study investigates the existing correlation between self-perceived malocclusion, the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics, and whether this link involves personality traits. Methods: The 179 questionnaires from 615 undergraduates in Wenzhou were used for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. The Psychosocial Impact of the Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was administered to evaluate participants' perceptions of the psychosocial impacts of malocclusion. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Short Scale (EPQ-RSC) evaluated participants' personality characteristics. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences between the IOTN-Dental Health Component (DHC) and expectations of orthodontic treatment. Linear regression was applied with PADAQ and its subscale scores against possible variables. Results: The total and subscale PIDAQ scores were positively correlated with neuroticism. Total PIDAQ scores, the DHC, and the Aesthetic Component (AC) were significantly positively correlated with the subjective AC. The DHC was significantly negatively correlated with extroversion. Conclusions: We confirmed a modest link between the need for orthodontic treatment and the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.

EFFECTS OF MALOCCLUSION ON ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (OHRQoL): A CRITICAL REVIEW

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful critical review relating to the effects of malocclusion on the physical, social, and psychological aspects of the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients. Methods: The information presented in previous articles was reviewed. They include reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, retrospective and prospective longitudinal studies, and randomized controlled trials. These full-text English-language papers were studied to determine the effects of malocclusion on QoL.

Effect of Dental Treatment on the Quality of Life of Children with Traumatic Dental Injuries in Ibadan, Nigeria

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2019

Background: Anterior dental trauma is known to be common in our environment as well as the complications that come with it. These injuries have been seen to impact the quality of life (QoL) of children significantly due to the fact that they compromise their dental health. This leads to aesthetic, psychological, social, and therapeutic problems impacting both the children and their parents. Treatment of these injuries has also been severely neglected possibly due to lack of awareness of where or how to access treatment as well as fear of dental treatment. However, treatment may on the other hand bring about a substantial improvement on the QoL of children in terms of their daily living. Aim: To assess the effect of dental treatment on the QoL of 12- to 15-year-old Nigerian school children previously identified as having had traumatized anterior teeth. Design: This is a follow-up study where secondary data were extracted from a cross-sectional study involving 1575 children attending public and private secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety-six adolescents with evidence of dental trauma, previously identified as having their QoL negatively affected as a result of dental trauma, were called to take part in the follow-up study. The Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used in assessing the QoL of participants with dental trauma before and after treatment. Data were analysed using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20.0, and the effect of dental treatment on the QoL of the participants was assessed using the McNemar's test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Fifty-one (26.0%) out of the 196 invited children participated; there were 31 males and 20 females. The mean age was 13.4 years (standard deviation 1.1 years). Eighty traumatized anterior teeth were involved, with the maxillary centrals being the commonest (68, 85%). Twenty-three (45.1%) participants had more than one traumatized tooth. The commonest dental trauma was enamel fracture, which involved the dentine (39, 48.8%). The main treatments given were composite build-up (36, 45%) and root canal treatment (42, 52.5%). With the CPQ11-14, in the oral symptoms domain, the number adversely affected before treatment fell from 30 (58.8%) to 3 (5.9%) (P < 0.001); in the emotional well-being domain, the number dropped from 35 (68.6%) to 10 (19.6%) (P < 0.001); and in the social well-being domain, the number fell from 34 (66.7%) to 22 (43.1%) (P = 0.004). However, in the functional limitation domain, the number adversely affected increased from 24 (47.1%) before to 46 (90.2%) after treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the QoL of participants, especially regarding their oral symptoms, and emotional and social well-being. However, there was worsening in the functional limitation domain. There is the need to introduce oral health into the school curriculum in order to encourage early reporting and prompt treatment of traumatic dental injuries.

Impact Of Oral Health Related Quality Of Life And Possible Role Of Self-Esteem In Orthodontic Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) concerning Self- esteem reports in children before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. This prospective clinical study included 139 patients between 11-16 years old (66 boys and 73 girls) and requested to complete the questionnaires before the start of treatment (T0), one year after the start of treatment(T1), and at two months retention follow up(T2). One–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparisons between the pre, mid and post-treatment means of the study group and to study the significance of changes in parameters over time (for both OHRQoL and SE measures). Pairwise comparison between the individual groups was made post – hoc Scheffe test.' Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to evaluate the association between the two ordinal variables. The level of significance was set at a p-value of 0.05 for all tests. The mean value for overall OHRQoL was increased at mid-treatment and decreased at post-treatment, which is significant (p<0.001). The mean value for overall Self- esteem was decreased at mid-treatment and post-treatment, which is also significant (p<0.001). Oral health-related quality of life increased after orthodontic treatment compared to mid-treatment but comparatively less than at pre-treatment, which is statistically significant. The impact on OHRQoL increases during and after orthodontic treatment and the self-esteem was decreased during and after orthodontic treatment.

Impact Of Oral Health Related Quality Of Life And Possible Role Of Self- Esteem In Orthodontic Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

Mandava Prasad

Association of Malocclusion, Parafunctional Habits and Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2021

Ömer Ekici

ABS TRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between malocclusion, parafunctional habits and quality of life in patients with the temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 482 TMD patients who sought treatment at the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic of a faculty of dentistry. While the malocclusion status of participants was evaluated with The Dental Aesthetic Index, bruxism, chewing side preference and parafunctional habits were evaluated with Oral Behavior Checklist. Quality of life was assessed by Oral Health-Related Quality of Life-United Kingdom (OHRQoL-UK). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 20 program. Results: The mean OHRQoL-UK score of the participants was 46.46±11.64. There was a significant difference in both OHRQoL-UK total scores and OHRQoL-UK domain scores between those with and without bruxism (p<0.005). The total quality of life scores of those without bruxism (49.29±10.629) were found significantly higher than those with bruxism (45.54±11.82). There was no significant difference between OHRQoL-UK total scores and OHRQoL-UK domain scores between those with and without malocclusion (p=0.254). Similarly, there was no significant difference in OHRQoL of TMD patients in terms of parafunctional habits and chewing side preference (p=0.300, p=0.548 respectively). Conclusion: In the present study, OHRQoL in TMD patients with bruxism was significantly lower than in TMD patients without bruxism. Malocclusion, chewing side preference, and parafunctional habits did not have a significant effect on OHRQoL in TMD patients. Keywords: Malocclusion; parafunctional habit; bruxism; temporomandibular disorder; quality of life

Assessing Quality of Life in Young Patients: A Comparative Study of Granted Versus Not Granted Publicly Funded Orthodontic Treatment

Preprint

Full-text available

Nov 2023

Objectives To compare the quality of life among adolescents granted (G) versus not granted (NG) publicly funded orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods One hundred and forty adolescents aged 15–20 years participated by responding to an elaborated web-based survey, assessing quality of life in relation to functional impact, psychological impact, and motivators for orthodontic treatment. Prior to the survey, pre-testing of the questionnaire was conducted to assure its validity and reliability. The responses of the individuals G versus NG publicly funded orthodontic treatment were compared. Differences between the groups were tested using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. Validity and reliability were assessed using Cohen’s Kappa and Pearson Correlation Coefficient during the pretest phase. Results Cohen’s Weighted Kappa at 0.800, 95% CI, [0.734, 0.866], and Pearson Correlation Coefficient at 0.852, were determined. Gender, age, and demographic distribution were comparable in both groups. However, the NG group expressed a more negative impact on their quality of life concerning teeth appearance, compared to the G group (p < 0,001). Both groups reported similar responses regarding functional aspects. More anxiety related to malocclusion was reported by the NG group (78.6% and 48.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). All respondents expressed a high subjective treatment need. Orthodontic treatment motivators (G: 86.2 and NG: 94.7%, p = 0.443) were primarily related to improving self-esteem, overall well-being, facial appearance, and the ability to laugh without embarrassment. Conclusions Despite both groups expressing the same motivators for orthodontic treatment, the NG group reported higher levels of anxiety and negative life impact. Clinical Relevance Orthodontic treatment need indices should aim to reinforce subjective measures as NG patients report higher levels of anxiety and negative life impact.

The association between malocclusion and health‐related quality of life in adolescents: A mediation analysis

Article

Nov 2023

This study investigated the role of oral health‐related functional limitations and social well‐being, self‐perceived health, psychosocial factors, and social support in mediating the impact of malocclusion on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). A school‐based 6‐month cohort study was conducted with 376 12‐year‐old deprived adolescents. Measures at baseline included malocclusion (DAI score), dental caries, sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial traits (self‐esteem, sense of coherence, oral health beliefs), and social support. The oral health‐related functional limitations and symptoms (social well‐being) domains of the CPQ 11‐14 , self‐perceived health, and HRQoL (Kiddo‐KINDL) were evaluated at the 6‐month follow‐up. Associations between observed and latent variables (social support, psychosocial factors, and HRQoL) were evaluated using structural equation modelling, according to the Wilson and Cleary theoretical model. Malocclusion was indirectly associated with worse HRQoL, mediated by functional limitations, social well‐being, and self‐perceived health. Better psychosocial status was directly associated with better HRQoL, and higher social support was indirectly associated with better HRQoL via psychosocial factors. Dental caries experience, female sex, and lower family income were indirectly associated with worse HRQoL. The impact of malocclusion on HRQoL was mediated by oral health‐related functional limitations, social well‐being, and self‐perceived health. Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, and social support also impacted HRQoL.

Treatment of Class III malocclusion with Balters’ bionator in pediatric and adolescent patients: a narrative review

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that malocclusion ranks third in the priorities of global public dental health issues, given its widespread prevalence, qualifying it as a matter of public health relevance. Anterior crossbite is characterized by the improper positioning of the upper anterior teeth, which overlap inside compared to the lower teeth. This specific occlusal discrepancy requires timely intervention to prevent worsening, potentially progressing to a skeletal stage in adulthood, where correction often demands orthognathic surgical procedures. In this context, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive literature review to illustrate the relevance of early treatment of anterior crossbite using an adaptation of the Bionator appliance by Balters. This method was employed to address Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition phase. The analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of this approach when implemented early, in order to satisfactorily address this occlusal irregularity.

Impact of COVID-19 on the self-esteem, psychological and dental esthetics of dental students

Article

Sep 2023
Work

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected the mental health, quality of life, and self-esteem of students worldwide. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the psychological impact and self-esteem of dental students using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and PIDAQ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted amongst the dental students studying at various dental colleges in Karachi, Pakistan from January to May 2022. Evaluation of psychological aspect and self-esteem of students was carried out using "Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ)", and "Rosenberg self-esteem scale" as perceived by students during the pandemic. For data analysis SPSS v24 was used. Data analysis comprised of descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, One-way Anova and Linear regression. The level of significance of p value was less than 0.05. Results: Overall 332 students participated, among which there were 181 females (54.5%), 151 males (45.5%). Dental self-confidence showed a negative relationship with social influence, psychological effect, and aesthetic concern, while it was positively linked with self-esteem during the pandemic. Social impact demonstrated association with psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and self-esteem, while it was negatively correlated with dental confidence. Rosenberg score showed positive correlation with all the variables. Statistically significant association was identified for variables when compared with gender. Regression analysis indicated association of age with dental confidence and RSS, while gender with social influence. Conclusion: The pandemic, aside from affecting the health of individuals worldwide, also badly affected the well-being, mental health, and self-esteem of the dental students. Dental aesthetics plays a crucial role in the mental wellbeing and self-esteem of the students.

Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Primary Dentition Malocclusion in Riyadh-Saudi Arabia Using a New Case Definition: A Cross-sectional Study

Article

Sep 2023

Tratamento da maloclusão classe III com aparelho bionator de balters em pacientes infanto-juvenis: uma revisão narrativa

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) destaca que a maloclusão ocupa a terceira posição nas prioridades dos problemas odontológicos de Saúde Pública Global, devido à sua ampla prevalência, o que a qualifica como uma questão de relevância em saúde pública. A mordida cruzada anterior é caracterizada pelo posicionamento inadequado dos dentes anteriores superiores, que se sobrepõem por dentro em relação aos dentes inferiores. Essa discrepância oclusal específica requer intervenção oportuna para evitar o agravamento, potencialmente até um estágio esquelético, na idade adulta, onde a correção frequentemente demandaria procedimentos cirúrgicos ortognáticos. Nesse contexto, o propósito deste estudo consistiu em realizar uma revisão abrangente da literatura para ilustrar a relevância do tratamento precoce da mordida cruzada anterior, utilizando uma adaptação do aparelho ortopédico Bionator de Balters. Esse método foi empregado visando abordar a maloclusão Classe III na fase de dentição mista. A análise visou determinar a eficácia dessa abordagem quando implementada precocemente, no sentido de tratar de maneira satisfatória essa irregularidade oclusal.

Assessing change in quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: A before and after comparison with a minimal follow-up of two years

Article

Aug 2023

Purpose: Here we evaluated how orthognathic surgery impacted oral health-related quality of life among patients with dentofacial deformities in the immediate postoperative period and during ≥2 years of follow-up, using the OHIP-14-NL questionnaire. Methods: This prospective study included 86 patients. Quality of life was assessed using the Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14-NL) preoperatively (T0, baseline), over 7 days postoperatively (T1-T7), and at 4 weeks (T8), 6 months (T9), 1 year (T10), and ≥2 years (T11) postoperatively. Total OHIP score was determined for each patient. Lower OHIP scores indicated higher oral health-related quality of life. Patients also answered questions regarding self-care, discomfort, and experienced pain at all time-points, starting from T1. Results: Compared to baseline (T0), median OHIP scores were significantly higher from T1 to T8. However, at T9 to T11, OHIP scores were significantly lower compared to baseline (T0) (p < 0.01). OHIP scores were not correlated with gender, age, or blood loss; and did not significantly differ according to surgery type or surgery indication (p > 0.01). Pain scores were positively correlated with OHIP scores for all time-points, except T6 and T10. Pain was not correlated with sex, age, blood loss, surgery duration, surgery indication, or surgery type. Compared to at T1, pain was significantly decreased at T9-T11. Conclusion: Among patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, oral health-related quality of life was decreased in the immediate postoperative period, but improved at ≥6 months postoperatively. The improvement was significant 2 years after orthognathic surgery.

Does Orthodontic Treatment Provide Long-term Improvements in Patients' Self-esteem and Oral Health-related Quality of Life? A Literature Review

Article

Oct 2021

Orthodontic treatment is often provided on the assumption that improvements of oral function and aesthetics will result in improved self-esteem (SE) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This article reviews the current available literature pertaining to the effect of orthodontic treatment on SE and OHRQoL, with a special focus on the longevity of any influence observed. Currently, there is no strong evidence to support that orthodontic treatment causes significant increases in SE and OHRQoL. Reports of treatment benefit in this regard remain equivocal, and the longevity of any effects on SE or OHRQoL remains unknown. This provides an insight into evidence-based treatment benefits and aids informed decision-making. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of the effect of orthodontic treatment on self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life is important to allow a greater understanding of treatment benefit and satisfaction

Cervical headgear therapy and sleep-related attributes

Article

Mar 2023

Introduction: The study aimed to assess (1) the effect of the treatment with cervical headgear on patients' sleep-related attributes and well-being and (2) whether these sleep-related parameters (ie, sleep quality and quantity) were associated with patients' compliance during the orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study protocol was based on a prospective longitudinal quasi-experimental design. Participants (n = 26; 9 males; mean age, 12.4 ± 1.68 years) were patients in the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. All patients received treatment with a cervical headgear having an embedded TheraMon microsensor. Sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy for 59 ± 19 days. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to assess average daytime sleepiness, whereas we used the Athens Insomnia Scale for insomnia symptoms. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results: Patients slept on average 7.35 ± 0.42 h/d. Compared with the lowest sleep duration recommended for their age group, patients had an average chronic sleep deficit of 1.40 ± 0.49 h/d. Patients wore the headgear 90.9% of the days for 10.40 ± 4.17 h/d. However, only 7 (28%) patients reached or exceeded the wear-time recommendation of 12 h/d. In contrast, 2 (8%) patients wore headgear <5 h/d, 11 (44%) 5-10 h/d, and 12 (48%) patients wore headgear >10 h/d. Aggregated by participants, the median Epworth Sleepiness Scale score during the study was 3.40 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.85; range, 0.2-13.6), the median Athens Insomnia Scale score was 3.00 (IQR, 4.25; range, 0-7), and the median Oral Health Impact Profile score was 1.40 (IQR, 4.17; range, 0.0-20.8). Compared with patients who wore the orthodontic appliance >7.8 h/d, patients who wore it <7.8 h/d had worse average daytime sleepiness (P = 0.050) and worse OHRQOL (P = 0.019). Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment with cervical headgear has no substantive negative effect on sleep attributes (quantity and quality), average daytime sleepiness and OHRQOL. However, poor compliance with orthodontic treatment seems to be associated with higher levels of daytime sleepiness.

Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 telephone interview reliability to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in orthosurgical patients

Article

Mar 2023

Background: The influence of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 administration method through telephone or face-to-face interviews in orthosurgical patients is unknown. The study aims to assess the reliability of the OHIP-14 questionnaire through its stability and internal consistency when applied through a telephone interview compared with a face-to-face interview. Methods: A total of 21 orthosurgical patients were selected to compare the scores obtained in OHIP-14. The interview was carried out by telephone, and 2 weeks later, the patient was invited to attend a face-to-face interview. Stability was verified by Cohen's kappa coefficient with quadratic weighting for individual items and intraclass correlation coefficient for the total OHIP-14 score. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale and its seven subscales. Results: Items 5 and 6 showed reasonable agreement in the two modes of administration; 4 and 14 moderate; 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 13 substantial; and items 2, 8, 10, and 12 showed almost perfect agreement, according to the Cohen's kappa coefficient test. The instrument's internal consistency was better in the face-to-face interview (0.89) than it was in the telephone interview (0.85). For the evaluation of the seven OHIP-14 subscales, differences were found in functional limitations, psychological discomfort, and social disadvantage subscales. Conclusions: Although there were some differences in OHIP-14 subscales between the interview methods, the total score of the questionnaire showed good stability and internal consistency. The telephone method can be a reliable alternative for the application of the OHIP-14 questionnaire in orthosurgical patients.

Quality of Life in Subjects Suffering from Severe Skeletal Malocclusion before Orthodontic Treatment

Article

Dec 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of oral health impacts among patients with severe skeletal malocclusions and dentofacial skeletal deformities before orthodontic treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of 45 adult patients referred for orthodontic or surgical- orthodontic treatment to the orthodontics department, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi were included. The study group consisted of 29 females and 15 males with a mean age of 21.5 ± 5.4 years. Study was conducted for six months from 30th Oct 2016 to 30th April 2017. A purposive sampling was done on the bases of survey base study design. A self-com- pleted Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life before orthodontic treatment. Inclusion criteria were subjects seeking orthodontic treatment at the department of orthodontics, den- tal OPD Karachi Medical and Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patients who had perceived a need for orthodontic treatment and who were about to undergo orthodontic therapy were included. Subjects with chronic medical conditions, previous orthodontic treatment, and craniofacial anomalies such as cleft lip and palate, untreated dental caries, and poor periodontal health status as indicated by a community periodontal index score of 3 or more were excluded. The frequency, extent, and sever- ity scores were calculated from the OHIP-14. Malocclusions were registered at clinical examination. The frequency and mean extent and severity scores were compared among malocclusion groups and between genders. Descriptive and inferential statistical method was applied. Results: Frequency of oral impact in malocclusion patient was 27.3% though test value was 56 (p value >0.00). Mean value for male and female patients with malocclusion is 22.06 + 7.1 and 21.34 + 4.4 (p value >0.626), respectively, which shows no significant difference present. Mean value for class I, II and III was 24.5, 28.9 and 30.5 (p value >0.44), respectively, which shows no significant differ- ence. Conclusion: There was no difference noted in the class of skeleton malocclusion in quality of life of patients and there was no gender difference noted in oral health impact of patients.

Einfluss der Dauer kieferorthopädischer Behandlung auf das subjektive Empfinden der mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität

Article

Dec 2022

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Aufgrund der aktuell noch geringen Datenlage war es Ziel dieser Studie, den Einfluss der Dauer einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ) zu untersuchen. Methode Die beobachtende, prospektive Längsschnittstudie erfolgte mit der deutschen Basisversion des Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G14) im Zeitraum von 2008–2018. Die MLQ wurde zu drei Zeitpunkten (T1, T2, T3) bei 598 Patient*innen innerhalb ihrer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung erhoben und die Ergebnisse statistisch analysiert. Ein durchschnittlicher Anstieg (∆OHIP-G14) von>2,00 Punkten wurde als klinisch relevant (Minimal Important Difference, MID) und Zeichen einer herabgesetzten mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität definiert. Ergebnisse Von initial 598 eingeschlossenen Patient*innen füllten 79 ProbandInnen die Fragebögen zu allen drei Zeitpunkten vollständig aus und konnten in die Studie aufgenommen werden. Das Durchschnittsalter lag zu Beginn der Behandlung bei 11,5 Jahren (SD=3,3), am Ende der Behandlung bei 16,3 Jahren (SD=3,1). Die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer betrug 4,7 Jahre (SD=2,3). Ein Vergleich der erreichten Summenwerte zu den Zeitpunkten T1, T2, T3 der ernannten Subgruppen (Geschlechter, Altersgruppen, Behandlungsapparatur und -zeitraum) untereinander zeigte in keiner der Gruppen signifikante Unterschiede (Mann-Whitney-U-Test, Kruskal-Wallis-Test, Chi-Quadrat-Test p<0,05). Ein Vergleich der Gesamtwerte der jeweiligen Zeitpunkte zeigte eine klinisch (∆OHIP-G14>2,00) und statistisch signifikante Abnahme der MLQ während der initialen Behandlungsphase (T1 vs. T2, p<0,001). Die Verbesserung der MLQ am Ende der Behandlung (T2 vs. T3) war statistisch nicht signifikant (p=0,128) und hatte keine klinische Auswirkung (MID ∆OHIP-G14<2,00). Weitere Analysen der Behandlungsdauer und der OHIP-Summenwerte ergaben zu keinem Zeitpunkt signifikante Abhängigkeit oder Korrelation zwischen Behandlungsdauer und MLQ (β2=− 0,078, β3=0,191, multiple lineare Regression, p=0,05; r2=0,073, r3=0,103, Spearman Korrelation, p=0,05). Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu T1 war die MLQ während der Behandlung sowohl zu T2 als auch T3 leicht herabgesetzt. Es kann jedoch festgestellt werden, dass der Durchschnitt der erhobenen Summenwerte zu allen drei Zeitpunkten der Befragung (T1, T2 und T3) im Normbereich der gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung lag. Hinsichtlich der Kernfrage dieser Studie konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen Behandlungsdauer und MLQ gezeigt werden. Das Anstreben eines guten Behandlungsergebnisses im Rahmen einer differenzierten kieferorthopädischen Therapie sollte daher nach Möglichkeit einem raschen Abschluss der Behandlung vorangestellt werden.

Evaluation of pain in patients undergoing fixed dental appliance

Article

Oct 2022

Introduction: Pain is experienced by patients during various fixed orthodontic procedures such as placement of separators, insertion of arch wire and its activations, orthopedic appliances such as headgear, and debonding of the appliance. This study was formulated with the background that the level of pain sensation differs between conventional metal and ceramic brackets, arch wire being the same pain is an important aspect of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Understanding how patients' pain experiences during their treatment affect their quality of life (QOL) is important and the absence of pain/discomfort is important for achieving a high QOL. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between pain and OHRQOL among patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and to evaluate whether patient motivation and counseling had an effect on the pain and discomfort. Materials and methods: The data collection was done , the obtained data were tabulated and entered in the MS excel sheet. Data collection were imported to SPSS, variable definition process was done using tables and graphical illustration.

Article

Oct 2022
AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC

Introduction Orthodontic treatment procedures affect oral health–related quality of life. This study analyzed and compared the patients using the Frankel 2 Regulator (FR2) and Twin-block (TB) orthodontic appliances. Methods This follow-up observational study comprised adolescents aged 10-16 years with Class II malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment, between April and December 2019, in a private orthodontic clinic. Following the finalization of orthodontic clinical decisions, 88 patients, in a 1:1 ratio, using FR2 (n = 44) and TB (n = 44) appliances, were invited to participate in this study. An Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was answered by the participants at 5-time points: before treatment, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after wearing functional appliances. A mixed model for repeated measurements tested the OHIP-14 score mean differences over time among appliance groups and group by time interaction. Results The TB group consisted of 15 males and 29 females, and the FR2 group included 21 males and 23 females. The mean age of participants was 12.18 ± 1.29 years. The mean of OHIP-14 scores in FR2 users was significantly lower than the TB appliance group at all intervals (P <0.05). Although the total score of OHIP-14 increased 1 week after appliance wearing, it declined during the 1, 3, and 6 months after wearing appliances in both groups. Conclusions The results can help orthodontists better select treatment approaches by considering their effect on oral health–related quality of life.

Evaluation of temporomandibular disorder and oral health-related quality of life in adolescents with parents' divorce applying to the orthodontic clinic Ortodonti kliniğine başvuran ebeveyni boşanmış adölesanlarda temporomandibular rahatsızlık ve ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2022

Z Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveyn boşanmasının adölesanlarda temporomandibular bozukluk ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Çalışma 98'i evli anne babaya sahip, 102 'si anne babası boşanmış 200 hasta (124 kadın, 76 erkek) ile yapılmıştır. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 16,17 ± 1,42 yıl idi. Çalışma anket çalışması olup, Fonseca Anketi ve Ağız Sağlığı Etki Profili-14 (OHIP-14) formları kullanıldı. Bulgular: Anne-babası boşanmış hastaların Fonseca TMD ve OHIP-14 puan ortalamalarının, anne-babası evli olan hastalara göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Anne-babası boşanmış ve evli olan kadın ve erkeklerin Fonseca ve OHIP-14 puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Sonuç: Anne-babası boşanmış ergenlerin Fonseca TMD ve OHIP-14 puan ortalamaları evli ebeveynlere göre daha yüksek olup bu farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır ve bu ergenlerin orta düzeyde Fonseca TMD'ye sahip olma oranı daha yüksektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fonseca anketi, ağız sağlığı, yaşam kalitesi, boşanmış ebeveynler, temporomandibular ek-lem rahatsızlıkları ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of parents' divorce on temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and quality of life in adolescents. Methods: The study was conducted with 200 patients (124 female, 76 male), 98 of whom had married parents, and 102 of whom had divorced parents. The mean age of the patients was 16.17 ± 1.42 years. The study was a questionnaire study, and Fonseca Questionnaire and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) forms were used. Results: It was found that patients whose parents were divorced had higher mean Fonseca TMD and OHIP-14 scores than patients whose parents were married. There is no statistically significant difference between the Fonseca and OHIP-14 scores of females and males whose parents were divorced and married. Conclusion: The adolescents whose parents were divorced had statistically significantly higher means of the Fonseca TMD and OHIP-14 scores than those with married parents, and these adolescents had a higher rate of having moderate Fonseca TMD.

Relationship of 3 indexes of orthodontic treatment need used by Medicaid and oral health–related quality of life

Article

Jan 2022
AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC

Introduction This study aimed to assess the relationship between 3 indexes of orthodontic treatment need that are used by Medicaid, namely the Salzmann Index (SI), the handicapping labiolingual deviation (HLD) Index, and the HLD California Modification Index, and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQOL). Methods The orthodontic records of 100 participants aged 11-14 years were used to calculate occlusal index scores. The condition-specific oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) index questionnaire was used to quantify OHRQOL and to identify detriments attributable to malocclusion-related conditions (MRCs). The relationship between occlusal index scores and OHRQOL was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank-order and biserial correlations, and logistic regression. Results The mean index scores were: SI, 15.4; HLD, 13.2; and HLD California Modification, 15.8. Ninety percent of participants did not have normative orthodontic treatment need according to current index criteria. OIDP scores were not normally distributed, and the mean score was 3.1. Of those participants who reported an impact, 83% attributed at least 1 of those impacts to MRCs; however, 90% of these were of mild or moderate intensity. Smiling was the performance most impacted by MRCs. The only statistically significant correlation between an occlusal index and OIDP scores was for the SI, though this association was weak (r = 0.27). None of the variables used in the logistic regression model (age, sex, 3 index scores) were significant predictors of OHRQOL. Conclusions No meaningful association exists between the 3 indexes studied and OHRQOL. These findings challenge the validity of current systems for the allocation of Medicaid-funded orthodontic treatment.

Patient experiences during treatment of Class II malocclusion with Clear Block Appliance : A Pilot Survey

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2019

Background : Skeletal Class II Division malocclusion is an AP discrepancy between maxilla and mandible which often results from either maxillary prognathism, or mandibular retrognathism, or a combination of both.” In cases of growing Class II Division with functional retrusion of lower jaw, treatment can be done either by using Removable myofunctional appliance or Fixed functional Appliance. Materials and method : Total 15 samples treated with clear block appliance were selected from the cases seeking myofuctional treatment in the Department Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. Observation and result : As per our questionarries we analyzed the experiences of patient wearing clear block appliances. It was found that 80 percent of patient wearing clear block, experienced good fit of the appliance. Conclusion : speech impairment was observed considerably less in clear block appliance than other functional appliances.

Efeitos de selantes na desmineralização in vitro do esmalte ao redor dos bráquetes ortodônticos

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2021

O estudo in vitro avaliou os efeitos dos selantes CLINPRO™ XT e FLUROSHIELD® na prevenção da desmineralização no esmalte dental na região circunscrita aos bráquetes ortodônticos, através da microdureza e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Utilizou sessenta coroas de dentes bovinos, divididas aleatoriamente nos grupos (n: 20): G1 (bráquetes /controle), G2 (bráquetes/CLINPRO™) e G3 (bráquetes/FLUROSHIELD®). As amostras foram submetidas ao desafio cariogênico (DES/RE), avaliadas a microdureza Knoop (25 g,10 s), na superfície do esmalte dental, a partir do bráquete nas distâncias de 1.000 µm, 2.000 µm e 3.000 µm e 100 µm, 200 µm, 300 µm e 400 µm na interface em profundidade, nas direções incisal e cervical. Imagens em MEV foram obtidas da superfície na região cervical. Os resultados analisados pelos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey (p< 0,05), mostraram significativa influência nos valores da microdureza nas interações Tratamento/Distância e Tratamento/Distância/Região (p= 0,00) nos grupos G2 e G3 apresentaram maior microdureza do esmalte nas áreas mais próximas ao bráquete quando aplicado selante, maiores valores de microdureza com o selante CLINPRO™. Nas amostras que não receberam selante não foi observada influência dessas interações com a microdureza (p> 0,05). O selante CLINPRO™ apresentou os maiores valores de microdureza e efetividade quando comparado com os grupos controle e selante FLUROSHIELD. Concluiu-se que os selantes foram mais efetivos em prevenir a desmineralização do esmalte nas regiões mais próximas aos bráquetes e menos efetivos nas regiões mais distantes. A composição química e propriedades do selante interferem na sua ação em reduzir a desmineralização do esmalte dental.

Operacionalização do conceito de classe social em estudos epidemiológicos

Article

Full-text available

Aug 1988

Procura-se demonstrar que é possível operacionalizar o conceito de classe social de forma a utilizá-lo em estudos epidemiológicos. Foi adaptado às características da formação social de Pelotas, RS (Brasil), modelo de classificação desenvolvido para o México e comparado com o desenvolvido para Ribeirão Preto, SP (Brasil). Mediu-se o poder discriminatório das duas classificações em termos do processo saúde-doença, tendo como variável dependente o crescimento de 5.384 crianças nascidas em 1982. As duas classificações estão associadas com diferenças significativas (P

Facial Diversity and Infant Preferences for Attractive Faces

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1991

Three studies examined infant preferences for attractive faces in 4 types of faces: White adult male and female faces, Black adult female faces, and infant faces. Infants viewed pairs of faces, previously rated for attractiveness by adults, in a visual preference paradigm. Significant preferences were found for attractive faces across all facial types. The results confirm earlier reports of this phenomenon and extend those results by showing that infant preferences for attractive faces generalize across faces differing in race, gender, and age. Two potential explanations for these observed infant preferences are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

The Development of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON)

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2000

This paper is based on the winning submission for the 1998 Chapman prize awarded by the British Orthodontic Society for an essay on a subject promoting the interests of orthodontics. The aim of the investigation is to develop a single index for assessing treatment inputs and outcomes. An international panel of 97 orthodontists gave subjective judgements on the need for treatment, treatment complexity, treatment improvement, and acceptability on a diverse sample of 240 initial and 98 treated study models. The occlusal traits in the study models were scored according to a defined numerical protocol. Five highly predictive occlusal traits were identified (IOTN Aesthetic Component, crossbite, upper arch crowding/ spacing, buccal segment antero-posterior relationships, and anterior vertical relationship) and then used to 'predict' the panelist's decisions using regression analysis. Cut-off values were determined for the dichotomous judgements by plotting specificity sensitivity and overall accuracy. Twenty percentile ranges were used to determine 5 grades of complexity and improvement. The index prediction of decisions for treatment need, had specificity 84.4 per cent, sensitivity 85.2 per cent, and overall accuracy 85 per cent. When used to predict treatment outcomes, the new index had specificity 64.8 per cent, sensitivity 70.1 per cent, and overall accuracy 68.1 per cent. The index could explain 75.6 per cent of the variance in the mean casewise complexity score and 63.5 per cent of the mean casewise improvement score. A new orthodontic index is proposed to assess treatment need, complexity, and outcome. It is based on international orthodontic opinion.

The Development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority

Article

Aug 1989

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reproducible index of orthodontic treatment priority. After reviewing the available literature, it was felt that this could be best achieved by using two separate components to record firstly the dental health and functional indications for treatment, and secondly the aesthetic impairment caused by the malocclusion. A modification of the index used by the Swedish Dental Health Board was used to record the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health and functional grounds. This index was modified by defining five grades, with precise dividing lines between each grade. An illustrated 10-point scale was used to assess independently the aesthetic treatment need of the patients. This scale was constructed using dental photographs of 12-year-olds collected during a large multi-disciplinary survey. Six non-dental judges rated these photographs on a visual analogue scale, and at equal intervals along the judged range, representative photographs were chosen. To test the index in use, two sample populations were defined; a group of patients referred for treatment, and a random sample of 11–12-year-old schoolchildren. Both samples were examined using the index and satisfactory levels of intra- and inter-examiner agreement were obtained.

Essentials of Medical Statistics

Article

Jan 1989

Survival of the Prettiest: The Science of Beauty

Article

Jun 2001
PLAST RECONSTR SURG

S. Anthony Wolfe

Derivation and validation of a Short-Form Oral Health Impact Profile

Article

Aug 1997
COMMUNITY DENT ORAL

Gary D Slade

Abstract Growing recognition that quality of life is an important outcome of dental care has created a need for a range of instruments to measure oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to derive a subset of items from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) - a 49-item questionnaire that measures people's perceptions of the impact of oral conditions on their well-being. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from an epidemiologic study of 1217 people aged 60+ years in South Australia. Internal reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis were undertaken to derive a subset (OHIP-14) questionnaire and its validity was evaluated by assessing associations with sociodemographic and clinical oral status variables. Internal reliability of the OHIP-14 was evaluated using Cronbach's coefficient α. Regression analysis yielded an optimal set of 14 questions. The OHIP-14 accounted for 94% of variance in the OHIP-49; had high reliability (α=0.88); contained questions from each of the seven conceptual dimensions of the OHIP-49; and had a good distribution of prevalence for individual questions. OHIP-14 scores and OHIP-49 scores displayed the same pattern of variation among sociodemographic groups of older adults. In a multivariate analysis of dentate people, eight oral status and sociodemographic variables were associated (P<0.05) with both the OHIP-49 and the OHIP-14. While it will be important to replicate these findings in other populations, the findings suggest that the OHIP-14 has good reliability, validity and precision.

Comparison of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly

Article

Jul 2008
COMMUNITY DENT ORAL

Objectives: This paper compares the performance of the GOHAI and the OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the compromised elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 225 participants, most of whom lived in a large geriatric care centre. Results: The mean age of subjects was 83 years and the majority had one or more chronic medical conditions and physical disabilities. Their main oral problems were high rates of tooth loss and xerostomia. Additive and simple count methods were used to derive GOHAI and OHIP-14 scores. Using the additive method, 8.4% had a GOHAI score of zero and 30.3% an OHIP-14 score of zero. Using the simple count method the percentage with a score of zero was 15.1% and 45.8%. Both measures discriminated between dentate subjects with and without one or more dentures, with and without a chewing problem and with and without dry mouth. Both also showed significant associations with self-rated oral health and satisfaction with oral health status. Associations tended to be stronger between GOHAI scores and these variables. The measures were equally good at predicting overall psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Although the GOHAI identified more oral functional and psychosocial impacts than the OHIP-14, neither was markedly superior to the other when used as discriminatory measures. However, the high prevalence of subjects with zero scores may compromise the ability of the OHIP-14 to detect within-subject change.

Toward the Formulation of Sociodental Indicators

Article

Feb 1976

The bases for the construction of sociodental indicators is discussed in the paper, considering several available indexes of oral health status (dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, oral hygiene, and other oral conditions) as well as measures of quality of services. Very little research exists relating any of the above measures to social indicators such as personal life-style or cultural and ecological factors. Such expansion would enable dental indicators to be useful for purposes of policy decisions. Combining any dental indicators or set of indicators with a potential global social health index is discussed in terms of potential problems obscuring dentistry's cost to society. Dentistry, in addition, is offered as a system in microcosm-one which can be useful for purposes of polishing methodology for the social health indicator movement.

The development of an orthodontic priority index

Article

Sep 1989

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reproducible index of orthodontic treatment priority. After reviewing the available literature, it was felt that this could be best achieved by using two separate components to record firstly the dental health and functional indications for treatment, and secondly the aesthetic impairment caused by the malocclusion. A modification of the index used by the Swedish Dental Health Board was used to record the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health and functional grounds. This index was modified by defining five grades, with precise dividing lines between each grade. An illustrated 10-point scale was used to assess independently the aesthetic treatment need of the patients. This scale was constructed using dental photographs of 12-year-olds collected during a large multi-disciplinary survey. Six non-dental judges rated these photographs on a visual analogue scale, and at equal intervals along the judged range, representative photographs were chosen. To test the index in use, two sample populations were defined; a group of patients referred for treatment, and a random sample of 11-12-year-old schoolchildren. Both samples were examined using the index and satisfactory levels of intra- and inter-examiner agreement were obtained.

Measuring Oral Health: A conceptual framework

Article

Apr 1988
COMMUNITY DENT HLTH

D Locker

Psychologic changes in orthognathic surgery patients: A 24-month follow up

Article

Sep 1984
J ORAL MAXIL SURG

This report describes the final, two-year follow up in a longitudinal study of 74 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for developmental deformities. Data for all six measurement periods were available for 46 patients. Complaints of functional problems decreased significantly from before surgery to 24 months after, although 49% of the patients continued to report lip paresthesia. The incidence of postsurgical problems had no effect on the satisfaction expressed with surgical outcomes, which remained high throughout the postoperative course. Self-esteem appeared to rise in anticipation of surgery, only to decline significantly at nine months after surgery, to rise again by 24 months (but not as high as before surgery). In some components, self-esteem remained significantly lower after surgery than before. Body image also showed a decline at nine months, although overall body image and profile image 20-26 months after surgery were significantly more positive than before surgery. These results point to the importance of continued contact with orthognathic surgery patients by surgeons and orthodontists for at least two years after surgery, particular attention being paid to the intermediate stages (six to 12 months) after surgery. This period of psychologic upheaval appears to be related to the patient's desire to complete postsurgical orthodontics.

Variables Discriminating Individuals who Seek Orthodontic Treatment

Article

Oct 1981

Overall, these results support the view that dental-facial esthetics and self-perceptions of occlusal appearance, as well as attitudes toward malocclusion and orthodontic treatment, are important factors in the individual's decision to obtain orthodontic treatment. The data indicate that psychosocial variables not directly related to occlusal problems and treatment, do not add significantly to the description of differences between those who seek treatment and those who do not. While these analyses did not include a number of variables--such as socioeconomic factors or attitudes of significant others--which may also be important in predicting individual response to malocclusion, they do suggest strongly that psychosocial factors directly related to need for treatment are probably most productively assessed in terms of self-perceptions of occlusal appearance and attitudes regarding dental malrelations and their treatment.

Factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment

Article

Feb 1981

W C Shaw

During routine school dental inspections 100 boys and 100 girls were interviewed. Various characteristics of each child and his subjective feelings about his dental appearance and need for orthodontic treatment were recorded. The accuracy with which each child perceived his dental appearance was assessed from his ability to describe various anterior occlusal features and to identify a colour photograph of his own teeth. A similar procedure was conducted with the mothers of 50 of the children. Finally, an objective assessment of the degree of visible occlusal irregularity was made. Analysis of the data indicates that dissatisfaction with dental appearance was commoner among girls and associated with increasing age (over the short range studied), dental attendance pattern and the experience of teasing, but not with intelligence or social class. The majority of children and parents failed to describe the child's anterior occlusal characteristics accurately and almost one third of children and parents failed to identify the child's dental photograph. It was not however possible to find an association with any of the recorded characteristics of the child and the accuracy of occlusal self perception. Although the most important determinant of satisfaction with dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment was the degree of visible occlusal irregularity, many children with moderate to severe irregularities were satisfied with their dental appearance while others with minor irregularities, or none at all, were dissatisfied. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Oral Health, Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life

Article

Dec 1995
MED CARE

Health-related quality of life is a multidimensional concept with five broad domains: opportunity/resilience, health perception, functional states, impairments/diseases, and duration of life. It addresses the tradeoff between how long and how well people live. The health-related quality of life approach has provided greater opportunity for investigation of the interrelations among oral health, health, and related outcomes. The inclusion of patient-driven measures, such as perceptions and functional status, is critical. Oral health-related quality of life measures are being developed and used in research on aging populations. Clinical measures of oral health, perceptions of general and oral well-being, and reported physical, social, and psychological functioning are independent, but correlated, components of overall oral health-related quality of life. An oral health-related quality of life approach benefits 1) clinical practitioners in selecting treatments and monitoring patient outcomes; 2) researchers in identifying determinants of health, tracking levels of health risk factors, and determining use of services in populations; and 3) policy-makers establishing program and institutional priorities, policies, and funding decisions. This overview indicates substantial value in pursuing several recommendations. A theoretical framework from which concepts, measures, and models can be derived must be developed to address oral health, oral health-related quality of life, health, and health-related quality of life. Oral health outcomes or states must be identified and classified along some continuum of impairment, function, disability, and opportunity. Indicators of appropriate concepts and domains must be adapted or established. Extended analyses on the relations among oral health, oral health-related quality of life, health, and health-related quality of life should be conducted with use of the Boston VA Normative Aging Study and other appropriate data sets.

Factors associated with subjective need for orthodontic treatment among Finnish University applicants

Article

May 1994

Subjective orthodontic treatment need and associated factors were studied in a sample of 226 young Finnish adults. The subjects, applicants to enter the University of Helsinki, were interviewed immediately after their entrance examination. A need for treatment was felt by 14% of the subjects. For 47% of those expressing such a need their reason was appearance only, and for 25% it was both appearance and their ability to chew. Among subjects who reported a visible dental irregularity, 38% were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and 25% felt the need for orthodontic treatment. Women were more often dissatisfied with their dentition than men. Subjective need for treatment was significantly associated with perceived visible dental irregularity and infrequent socializing but not with orthodontic treatment in childhood, pattern of dental attendance, or district of residence. Of various perceptions of anterior teeth, irregularly and wrongly positioned teeth were most often connected with treatment need.

Symposium on self-reported assessments of oral health outcomes. Introduction

Article

Jul 1996

Nancy R Kressin

Quality of Life—an Outcome of Oral Health Care?

Article

Feb 1996

Helen C. Gift

Oral impacts affecting daily performance in a low disease Thai population

Article

Jan 1997

The aim of the study was to measure incidence of oral impacts on daily performances and their related features in a low dental disease population. 501 people aged 35-44 years in 16 rural villages in Ban Phang district, Khon Kaen, Thailand, were interviewed about oral impacts on nine physical, psychological and social aspects of performance during the past 6 months, and then had an oral examination. The clinical and behavioural data showed that the sample had low caries (DMFT = 2.7) and a low utilization of dental services. 73.6% of all subjects had at least one daily performance affected by an oral impact. The highest incidence of performances affected were Eating (49.7%), Emotional stability (46.5%) and Smiling (26.1%). Eating, Emotional stability and Cleaning teeth performances had a high frequency or long duration of impacts, but a low severity. The low frequency performances; Physical activities, Major role activity and Sleeping were rated as high severity. Pain and discomfort were mainly perceived as the causes of impacts (40.1%) for almost every performance except Smiling. Toothache was the major causal oral condition (32.7%) of almost all aspects of performance. It was concluded that this low caries people have as high an incidence of oral impacts as industrialized, high dental disease populations. Frequency and severity presented the paradoxical effect on different performances and should both be taken into account for overall estimation of impacts.

Article

Feb 1998

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of rigid and wire fixation on health-related quality of life following surgical mandibular advancement in patients with Class II malocclusions. Sixty-four patients randomly selected to receive rigid fixation with bicortical position screws were compared with 63 patients randomly selected to receive nonrigid fixation with inferior border wires. Quality of life was measured using the Sickness Impact Profile, a generic measure of health-related quality of life, and the Oral Health Status Questionnaire, a specific measure of oral health and function designed for use with orthognathic surgery patients. Patients were evaluated prior to application of orthodontic appliances, approximately 2 weeks before surgery, and 1 week, 8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following surgery. Neither instrument revealed a statistically significant difference in quality of life between wire and rigid fixation at any time period. The health-related disability associated with Class II malocclusion is modest compared to many other medical conditions. Nonetheless, orthognathic surgery patients exhibit progressive and statistically significant improvement in health-related quality of life across a wide variety of functional domains, regardless of the fixation method used.

Conference summary: Assessing oral health outcomes - Measuring health status and quality of life

Article

Apr 1998
COMMUNITY DENT HLTH

This paper summarises proceedings of a conference that aimed to evaluate existing measures of oral health related quality of life and to recommend new directions for their use in oral health outcomes research. A two day conference was held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, in June 1996. Background papers, poster-discussion sessions, small group discussions and reactor papers were used to analyse 11 oral health related quality of life instruments and to evaluate their potential for use in health outcomes research. Speakers emphasised the need to include quality of life in multidimensional assessments of oral health outcomes. Existing instruments capture numerous quality of life dimensions using a variety of question- and response-formats. The instruments have been used primarily in cross-sectional, observational studies rather than longitudinal, intervention studies that evaluate health outcomes. There is little experience from their use in long-term follow-up studies and with some special population sub-groups. Recommendations for further research are presented in papers that follow this summary paper. There has been substantial development and use of quality of life measures in oral health surveys, and there is an immediate need for further research that modifies and uses those instruments in oral health outcomes research.

SPSS for Windows, Version 10.0

Spss

SPSS Incorporated. SPSS for Windows, Version 10.0. Chicago: SPSS, 1999

Jan 1999

N Etcoff

Etcoff N. Survival of the Prettiest. the Science of Beauty. London: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.

The prevalence and impact of dental pain in Brazilian schoolchildren and their families

Psa Goes

Goes PSA. The prevalence and impact of dental pain in Brazilian schoolchildren and their families. PhD Thesis, University of London, 2001.

Universality of emotional expression? A personal history of the dispute

P Ekman

Ekman P. Universality of emotional expression? A personal history of the dispute. In: Charles Darwin. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals: the definitive edition. 3rd Edn. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 363–93.

Survival of the Prettiest. the Science of Beauty. London: Little, Brown and Company

N Etcoff

Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents

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