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Effects of Foot Reflexology on Essential Hypertension Patients
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on blood pressure, serum lipids level and life satisfaction in essential hypertension patients.
The research design used was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Foot Reflexology was used as the experimental treatment from June 23rd, 2003 until August 31st, 2003. Thirty-four subjects were assigned to an experimental group(18) and control group(16). Foot Reflexology was administered twice a week for 6 weeks and self foot Reflexology was administered twice a week for 4 weeks on the experimental group.
There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure but no significant decrease in diastolic pressure in the experimental group compared to the control group. The total cholesterol level in the experimental group compared to the control group was not significantly decreased after foot reflexology. However, the triglyceride level in the experimental group compared to the control group was significantly decreased after foot reflexology. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels in the experimental group compared to the control group was not significantly decreased after foot reflexology. Life satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group was significantly improved after foot reflexology.
The results proved that foot reflexology was an effective nursing intervention to decrease systolic pressure, and triglyceride but not for the blood cholesterol and to improve life satisfaction. Therefore, blood cholesterol should be further evaluated in a larger group of subjects and for a longer period. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare effects of self-foot reflexology and foot reflexology.
... 38 Park ve Cho bir başka çalışmalarında ayak refleksolojinin müdahale grubunda kontrol grubuna göre SKB'nda anlamlı düşüş olmadığını, DKB'ndaki düşüşün anlamlı olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. 24 24 Hodgson çalışmasında refleksoloji grubundaki hastaların yaşam kalitesinin kontrol grubundaki hastalara göre anlamlı bir şekilde geliştiğini rapor etmiştir. 52 Khan ve ark. ...
... 38 Park ve Cho bir başka çalışmalarında ayak refleksolojinin müdahale grubunda kontrol grubuna göre SKB'nda anlamlı düşüş olmadığını, DKB'ndaki düşüşün anlamlı olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. 24 24 Hodgson çalışmasında refleksoloji grubundaki hastaların yaşam kalitesinin kontrol grubundaki hastalara göre anlamlı bir şekilde geliştiğini rapor etmiştir. 52 Khan ve ark. ...
... , periferal dolaşıma olumlu etkisinin olduğu, periferal nöropatiyi engellediği20 , ayak yorgunluğunu azalttığı, kalp atım hızını düzenlediği21 , immün sistemi güçlendirdiği[22][23][24] , KB'nı düşürdüğü23,24 , depresyonu azalttığı23,25 , fiziksel ve psikolojik fonksiyonları geliştirdiği26,27 saptanmıştır.Hipertansiyon hastalarının genellikle zaman içinde günlük yaşam aktiviteleri etkilenmekte ve bu durum günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde kısıtlamalara neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca hipertansif birey kronik bir hastalığa sahip olma psikolojisi yaşamakta ve yaşam tarzında değişiklik yapmakta zorlanmaktadır.Tüm bu değişiklikler nedeniyle de bireyin yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmektedir.28 ...
zet Amaç: Hipertansiyon tedavisinde, ilaç tedavisine ek olarak veya tek başına nonfarmakolojik önlemlerin de önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu önlemler birçok defa ilaç tedavisi gerekliliğini ortadan kaldırabilmekte veya kullanılan ilaç dozunu azaltmaya yardımcı olabilmektedir. Hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan nonfarmokolojik yöntemlerden birisi refleksolojidir. Bu araştırma hipertansiyonlu hastalara uygulanan ayak refleksolojinin kan basıncı, kolesterol düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla kendinden kontrollü klinik çalışma olarak yapıldı. Yöntem: Kendinden kontrollü klinik çalışmanın örneklemini 219 esansiyel hipertansiyon tanısı olan hasta oluşturmuş, hastalar önce müdahale öncesi dönemde izlenmiş sonra müdahale uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veriler; anket formu, kan basıncı ve kolesterol düzeyleri kayıt formu, kısa form-36 (SF-36) yaşam kalitesi ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, gruplar arası farklılığı test etmek için Friedman ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıra testleri kullanılmıştır. Friedman testi karşılaştırmalarında p<0,01, Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıra testi karşılaştırmalarında p<0.05 anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Müdahale sonrası sistolik kan basıncının, birinci seansta 145.63 mmHg iken altıncı seans sonrası 137,57 mmHg'ye, diastolik kan basıncının birinci seansta 89.17 mmHg iken altıncı seans sonrası 78.92 mmHg'ye düştüğü, müdahale öncesine göre müdahale sonrası LDL, total kolesterol, trigliserid ortancalarının düştüğü, HDL değeri ortancasının yükseldiği ve müdahale sonrası tüm yaşam kalitesi alanları puan ortancalarının yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki bu fark yaşam kalitesinin sosyal fonksiyon alanı dışındaki tüm alanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
... Based on previous study (Park and Cho., 2004)[21], sample size was calculated according to the difference in blood pressure using Effects of foot reflexology on essential hypertension patients with an effect size of 0.74. Assuming α=0.05, power of 80%, so a sample size of 25 patients per group would be required (GPower 301 http:www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de). ...
... Based on previous study (Park and Cho., 2004)[21], sample size was calculated according to the difference in blood pressure using Effects of foot reflexology on essential hypertension patients with an effect size of 0.74. Assuming α=0.05, power of 80%, so a sample size of 25 patients per group would be required (GPower 301 http:www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de). ...
... They found that foot reflexology may be utilized as an efficient adjunct to the therapeutic regimen to decrement blood pressure and increment the vagal modulation in both healthy people and coronary artery disease patients. Also, the results of this study came in accordance with Park and Cho[21]as they examined the impacts of 6-weeks of using the foot reflexology on fatigue and the blood pressure in 34 elderly, hypertensive patients. They construed that utilizing of foot reflexology brings about a basic decreasing in fatigue, both diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level in the patients. ...
... 29,[41][42][43] In addition, reflexology was found to regulate heart rate, reduce blood pressure, and it has a positive effect on vital signs. [44][45][46][47] Reflexology has F=ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance; *p<0.05; χ 2 =Chi-squared test. ...
... been tried in the postoperative period of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft, 48 mastectomy, 30 hysterectomy, 41 hypertansion, 46 liver transplantation surgery, 28 and it has been found to contribute to surgical pain management in all of them. In our study, the pain intensity of the experimental group after reflexology was found to be lower than the control group. ...
Objective: In our study, we investigated the effect of reflexology on patient satisfaction, pain and vital signs after
abdominal surgery.
Method: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with the participation of 156 abdominal
surgery patients hospitalized in the general surgery unit of a training and research hospital. Personal Information
Form, Visual Analogue Scale and Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale were used in data collection. We
performed the data analysis with One-way analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, paired samples t-test, and
independent samples t-test.
Results: When the pain, vital signs and satisfaction levels of the experimental and control groups were compared,
the pain intensity of the experimental group was found to be lower and the level of satisfaction was higher after
reflexology (p<0.01). After reflexology, the blood pressure was closer to 120/80 in the experimental group, the
respiratory rate was between 16-22 (number/minute), the difference between the experimental and control
groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the pulce
oximetry values between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Surgical pain and non-optimal vital signs that are not well managed after surgery causes various
complications and decrease patient satisfaction. The results of our study emphasize the power of reflexology in
effective surgical pain management and normalizing vital signs and increasing patient satisfaction. We suggest
that reflexology be performed to patients following abdominal surgery.
... Penelitian Park & Cho (2012) juga memperkuat hasil dalam penelitian ini yang terdapat perbedaan & penurunan tekanan darah baik diastolic maupun sistolik. Park & Cho (2012) melakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi efek pijat refleksi pada tekanan darah, kadar lipid serum, dan kepuasan hidup pada pasien hipertensi esensial. ...
... Penelitian Park & Cho (2012) juga memperkuat hasil dalam penelitian ini yang terdapat perbedaan & penurunan tekanan darah baik diastolic maupun sistolik. Park & Cho (2012) melakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi efek pijat refleksi pada tekanan darah, kadar lipid serum, dan kepuasan hidup pada pasien hipertensi esensial. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. ...
Latar Belakang: hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang dapat dialami oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat dari kalangan tingkat sosial tinggi hingga menengah kebawah, dari kalangan remaja hingga lansia dimana kondisi tersebut mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah dari kondisi nomal (130/80 mmHg). Angka kejadian penyakit hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 34,1%, sedangkan jumlah penderita dengan hipertensi di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu berdasarkan data rekam medis pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 443 orang. Pijat kaki memiliki efek mekanis memperlancar peredaran darah sehingga dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan : menganalisis efektivitas refleksi pijat kaki terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Metode penelitian: menggunakan desain experiment, One Group Pretest-Postest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pada pasien hipertensi. Sampel berjumlah 10 orang diambil dengan teknik Non Probability Sampling yaitu Purposive Sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diberi pijat ±15 menit. Analisis data menggunakan uji T Paired. Hasil: hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa mean atau rata-rata MAP yang bernilai postif 8,4 berarti terjadinya kecendrungan penurunan tekanan darah sesudah dilakukan pijat refleksi kaki ± 15 menit, sebagai rincian rata-rata penurunan MAP pada hari 1 sebesar 7,6%, hari ke 2 sebesar 5,5%, dan pada hari ke 3 sebesar 7,3. Hasil uji analisis diperoleh nilai p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian refleksi pijat kaki berpengaruh/ efektif terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi.
... 29,[41][42][43] In addition, reflexology was found to regulate heart rate, reduce blood pressure, and it has a positive effect on vital signs. [44][45][46][47] Reflexology has F=ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance; *p<0.05; χ 2 =Chi-squared test. ...
... been tried in the postoperative period of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft, 48 mastectomy, 30 hysterectomy, 41 hypertansion, 46 liver transplantation surgery, 28 and it has been found to contribute to surgical pain management in all of them. In our study, the pain intensity of the experimental group after reflexology was found to be lower than the control group. ...
Objective
In our study, we investigated the effect of reflexology on patient satisfaction, pain and vital signs after abdominal surgery.
Method
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with the participation of 156 abdominal surgery patients hospitalized in the general surgery unit of a training and research hospital. Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale and Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale were used in data collection. We performed the data analysis with One-way analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, paired samples t-test, and independent samples t-test.
Results
When the pain, vital signs and satisfaction levels of the experimental and control groups were compared, the pain intensity of the experimental group was found to be lower and the level of satisfaction was higher after reflexology (p<0.01). After reflexology, the blood pressure was closer to 120/80 in the experimental group, the respiratory rate was between 16-22 (number/minute), the difference between the experimental and control groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the pulce oximetry values between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion
Surgical pain and non-optimal vital signs that are not well managed after surgery causes various complications and decrease patient satisfaction. The results of our study emphasize the power of reflexology in effective surgical pain management and normalizing vital signs and increasing patient satisfaction. We suggest that reflexology be performed to patients following abdominal surgery.
... there is yet no consensus regarding the effect of foot reflexology on systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP). [16][17][18] Although one trial found foot reflexology to be beneficial in terms of stress response and biofeedback, 19 there have yet been no randomized trials showing its effect on both BP and HR. In addition, while many trials have explored the benefits foot reflexology in chronic disease and cancer patients, 20,21 few have enrolled only HT patients. ...
... In addition, while many trials have explored the benefits foot reflexology in chronic disease and cancer patients, 20,21 few have enrolled only HT patients. [16][17][18] Foot reflexology is a noninvasive treatment and has long been practiced in Thailand. It is recommended by the Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine under the Ministry of Public Health in order to promote health in older adults, 22 suggesting that it may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for HT patients. ...
Hypertension (HT) is a prominent cardiovascular risk factor. Although there are various pharmacological treatment choices for this condition, many patients fail to adhere to them, making non‐pharmacological options attractive alternatives. Foot reflexology has been proven to decrease blood pressure (BP), but data are limited in patients with stage‐2 HT. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to examine the effectiveness of foot reflexology in reducing BP and heart rate (HR). Stage‐2 HT patients were enrolled and randomized into the intervention and the control groups (n = 47, each), the former of which underwent foot reflexology during a follow‐up visit. Office BP and HR were measured before and at 15 and 30 min after the procedure in the intervention group and after resting in the control group. In the intervention group, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and HR at 15 min were significantly lower than at baseline: −3.29 mm Hg (95%CI; −5.64 to −0.93), −1.71 mm Hg (95%CI; −3.11 to −0.32), and −1.71 beats per min (bpm; 95%CI; −2.88 to −0.54), respectively. Similar trends were also observed at 30 min. However, when compared with the control group, only the reduction in HR was significant (−4.96 bpm; 95%CI, −9.63 to −0.28). We conclude that foot reflexology was effective in reducing HR in stage‐2 HT patients and partially effective in reducing BP.
... 8 A positive reduction was noted in systolic pressure, and also in triglycerides after four weeks treatment after reflexology. 18 Additionally Penny 19 tested Twentythree in-patients with breast or lung cancer. Following the foot reflexology intervention, patients with breast and lung cancer showed a significant decrease in anxiety. ...
... Data illustrates that pain decline was highest in the reflexology group and for patients with lower limb amputations and phantom limb pain. 12,18 Moreover, the effectiveness of reflexology for CLBP was investigated in 243 patients; they were randomized to three groups: reflexology, relaxation, or non-intervention. After adjusting for pre-treatment scores repeated measures ANCOVA set up no significant changes between the groups' pre and post treatment on the primary outcome measures of pain and functioning. ...
... 8 A positive reduction was noted in systolic pressure, and also in triglycerides after four weeks treatment after reflexology. 18 Additionally Penny 19 tested Twentythree in-patients with breast or lung cancer. Following the foot reflexology intervention, patients with breast and lung cancer showed a significant decrease in anxiety. ...
... Data illustrates that pain decline was highest in the reflexology group and for patients with lower limb amputations and phantom limb pain. 12,18 Moreover, the effectiveness of reflexology for CLBP was investigated in 243 patients; they were randomized to three groups: reflexology, relaxation, or non-intervention. After adjusting for pre-treatment scores repeated measures ANCOVA set up no significant changes between the groups' pre and post treatment on the primary outcome measures of pain and functioning. ...
Background: Low-back pain (LBP) is one of the highest common and costly musculoskeletal conditions in current society. Seventy to 85% of the populations will exhibits LBP at some time in their lives. There is little known about specific manual therapy techniques used to treat chronic LBP. Reflexology is a treatment that involves using gentle pressure to reflex points located on all of the outsides of the feet and hands. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of reflexology technique in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Methods: Twenty patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain were included in the study and were assessed regarding range of motion via goniometer and pain threshold (via modified Oswestery scale and visual analogue scale), the 20 patients were allocated into two groups 10 patients in each group. Group A received reflexology sittings at rate of 3 days per week, and the duration of each sitting was 30 minutes. While group B were control. The study was continued for 3 weeks
Results: According to VAS, the results revealed a non-significant variance between the study group and control group before intervention (p= 0.43). While after intervention, there was a significant decline of pain in the study group compared to that of the control group (p=0.000). Moreover, there was a very highly significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment (p= 0.005).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the reflexology technique was effective and safe to be applied for cases of mechanical low back pain. It results in a significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment.
... 8 A positive reduction was noted in systolic pressure, and also in triglycerides after four weeks treatment after reflexology. 18 Additionally Penny 19 tested Twentythree in-patients with breast or lung cancer. Following the foot reflexology intervention, patients with breast and lung cancer showed a significant decrease in anxiety. ...
... Data illustrates that pain decline was highest in the reflexology group and for patients with lower limb amputations and phantom limb pain. 12,18 Moreover, the effectiveness of reflexology for CLBP was investigated in 243 patients; they were randomized to three groups: reflexology, relaxation, or non-intervention. After adjusting for pre-treatment scores repeated measures ANCOVA set up no significant changes between the groups' pre and post treatment on the primary outcome measures of pain and functioning. ...
in current society. Seventy to 85% of the populations will exhibits LBP at some time in their lives. There is little known about specific manual therapy techniques used to treat chronic LBP. Reflexology is a treatment that involves using gentle pressure to reflex points located on all of the outsides of the feet and hands. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of reflexology technique in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Methods: Twenty patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain were included in the study and were assessed regarding range of motion via goniometer and pain threshold (via modified Oswestery scale and visual analogue scale), the 20 patients were allocated into two groups 10 patients in each group. Group A received reflexology sittings at rate of 3 days per week, and the duration of each sitting was 30 minutes. While group B were control. The study was continued for 3 weeks
Results: According to VAS, the results revealed a non-significant variance between the study group and control group before intervention (p= 0.43). While after intervention, there was a significant decline of pain in the study group compared to that of the control group (p=0.000). Moreover, there was a very highly significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment (p= 0.005).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the reflexology technique was effective and safe to be applied for cases of mechanical low back pain. It results in a significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment.
... 8 A positive reduction was noted in systolic pressure, and also in triglycerides after four weeks treatment after reflexology. 18 Additionally Penny 19 tested Twentythree in-patients with breast or lung cancer. Following the foot reflexology intervention, patients with breast and lung cancer showed a significant decrease in anxiety. ...
... Data illustrates that pain decline was highest in the reflexology group and for patients with lower limb amputations and phantom limb pain. 12,18 Moreover, the effectiveness of reflexology for CLBP was investigated in 243 patients; they were randomized to three groups: reflexology, relaxation, or non-intervention. After adjusting for pre-treatment scores repeated measures ANCOVA set up no significant changes between the groups' pre and post treatment on the primary outcome measures of pain and functioning. ...
Background: Low-back pain (LBP) is one of the highest common and costly musculoskeletal conditions in current society. Seventy to 85% of the populations will exhibits LBP at some time in their lives. There is little known about specific manual therapy techniques used to treat chronic LBP. Reflexology is a treatment that involves using gentle pressure to reflex points located on all of the outsides of the feet and hands. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of reflexology technique in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Methods: Twenty patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain were included in the study and were assessed regarding range of motion via goniometer and pain threshold (via modified Oswestery scale and visual analogue scale), the 20 patients were allocated into two groups 10 patients in each group. Group A received reflexology sittings at rate of 3 days per week, and the duration of each sitting was 30 minutes. While group B were control. The study was continued for 3 weeks
Results: According to VAS, the results revealed a non-significant variance between the study group and control group before intervention (p= 0.43). While after intervention, there was a significant decline of pain in the study group compared to that of the control group (p=0.000). Moreover, there was a very highly significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment (p= 0.005).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the reflexology technique was effective and safe to be applied for cases of mechanical low back pain. It results in a significant decrease in pain within the study group after treatment.
Keywords: Mechanical low back pain, reflexology, reflex points, gentle pressure, feet and hands, Oswestery scale
... 11,12 So far, many studies have investigated reflexotherapy as a noninvasive nursing intervention in its various aspects such as: the impact of reflexotherapy on hypotension without any known reasons, reducing triglyceride and blood sugar, improving nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reducing depression and improving immune system function, improving pain and anxiety of the cancer patients and decrease the fatigue in pregnant women. [11][12][13][14][15] However, in a pilot (small) study conducted on the anxiety of patients before and after the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, this method had a significant effect on the physiological parameters of the patients. 4 Based on recent observations and studies which indicated high level of anxiety in patients before the surgery and its subsequent effects on vital signs of the patients and considering different results of the studies on effectiveness of the reflexotherapy on these signs and also considering that reflexotherapy is a non-invasive and non-pharmacological nursing intervention, the researcher decided to conduct a study in order to investigate and compare the effect of reflexotherapy on vital signs of the patients before CABG surgery. ...
... 16 Also In the study of Park, reflexotherapy has significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure but diastolic blood pressure had no significant difference. 13 However, in another study conducted on the anxiety of the cancer patients and their vital signs, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate significantly decreased after 30 minutes of reflexotherapy. 12 In the present study also, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group had significantly decreased. ...
Medical operation is an anxious factor that causes physiological reactions in body which consequently increases respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The aim of this study is assessing the effect of reflexotherapy on vital signs of patients before coronary artery bypass surgery in Shahid Chamran hospital of Isfahan.
Fifty volunteer patients candidated for coronary artery bypass surgery were enrolled in this clinical trial. They were divided in two (control and treatment) groups. Vital signs were measured pre and post 30 minutes reflexotherapy in treatment group. Vital signs were also measured in patients in control group at the same condition of the treatment group, but reflexotherapy was not performed.
The mean differences of vital signs was not significant in control and treatment groups at the baseline. But post reflexotherapy intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowered significantly in the treatment group in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed for other vital sign.
The findings of the study shows that reflexotherapy is a safe, effective, cheep nursing intervention in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients before coronary artery bypass surgery.
... 11,12 So far, many studies have investigated the reflexotherapy as a noninvasive nursing intervention in its various aspects such as: the impact of reflexotherapy on hypotension without any known reasons, reducing triglyceride and blood sugar, improving nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reducing depression and improving immune system function, improving pain and anxiety of the cancer patients and decrease the fatigue in pregnant women. [11][12][13][14][15] However, in a pilot (small) study conducted on the anxiety of patients before and after the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the reflexotherapy had a significant effect on the physiological parameters of the patients. 4 Based on the observations and studied research in recent decades which indicated the high level of anxiety of patients before the surgery and subsequent effects on vital signs of the patients and considering different results of the studies on effectiveness of the reflexotherapy on these signs and also considering that reflexotherapy is a non-invasive and nonpharmacological nursing intervention, the researcher determined to conduct a study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of reflexotherapy on some of the vital signs before the CABG surgery in two groups of intervention and control groups. ...
... 16 In the study of Park also, reflexotherapy has significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure but diastolic blood pressure had no significant difference. 13 However, in another study conducted on the anxiety of the cancer patients and their vital signs, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate significantly decreased after 30 minutes of reflexotherapy. 12 In the present study also, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group had significantly decreased, and even, the heart rate and respiratory rate decreased, but statistically were not significant. ...
The operation is a anxious factor that causes physiological reactions in body, and consequently increase respiratory, pulse and blood pressure physiological responses. The aim of this study is assessing the effect of reflexotherapy on some of physiological indicators of patients before coronary artery bypass surgery in shahid chamrnn hospital of Isfahan.
This study is a clinical trial. Fifty volunteer patients for coronary artery bypass surgery divided in control and treatment groups. vital sign were measured pre and post 30 minutes reflexotherapy in treatment group also for patients in control group vital sign were measured pre and post 30 minutes as same as conditions with treatment group but reflexotherapy was not performed in control group. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods of chi square, paired t test, independent t test with spss soft ware was applied for data analysis.
The mean differences of vital sign at baseline in control and treatment groups not significant, but post reflexotherapy intervention systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowered significantly in the treatment group in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed for other vital sign.
The findings of the study show that reflexotherapy is a safe, effective, cheep nursing intervention in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients before coronary artery bypass surgery.
... The results showed that there was a significant difference between mean pre-test and mean post-test level of SBP at various time intervals (F = 5.68, P = 0.002). [8,9] The findings are also congruent with the findings of the study conducted by Khalili et al., the effects of foot reflexology on physiological parameters of patients before coronary angiography, which showed significant difference between mean pre-test and mean post-test level of SBP (P = 0.01) and between mean pre-test and mean post-test level of DBP (P = 0.02). [10,11] The current study has revealed that there was no significant difference in post-test SBP (t (34) = 1.62, ...
... These effects cause changes in heart rate and variations in baroreceptor reflexes (105)(106)(107)(108). Reflexology specifically increases blood pressure. These changes can be useful in promoting healing and increasing the capacity of human organisms to respond to internal and external challenges (109)(110)(111)(112). ...
Aim: this study was conducted to review the related articles and draw a final conclusion regarding the application of reflexology for delivery (labor and cesarean section) pain management in woman all over the world.
Methodology: In this systematic review, relevant articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Scopus databases from the year 2000 to 2018. All the human clinical trials that examined the effects of reflexology methods on delivery pain (labor or Cesarean section) were included and others excluded from the study.
Results: All the 18 included original articles (with 1391 patients) reported that reflexology significantly reduces the pain of delivery, confirming its decreasing effect on labor, Cesarean section, and post-delivery pain. Results of all articles showed that, if true reflexology is performed on the right location of the body and at the appropriate time, the pain of delivery can be significantly decreased
Conclusion: Reflexology is an appropriate pain relief and prophylaxis for any kind of pain, especially delivery and post-delivery pain. It is a safe remedy with no adverse effects reported so far.
... 24 Park et al. also showed that reflexotherapy resulted in decreased systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure. 25 Besides, Quattrin et al. in a study on patients with cancer indicated significant decrease in all indices including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate after 30 minutes of reflexotherapy. 16 According to the central role of autonomic system on regulating vital signs in response to physical, psychological, and environmental stimulates, it is suggested that the effects of reflexotherapy on improvement of these vital parameters are via parasympathetic processes. ...
BACKGROUND
Complementary medicine interventions are now successfully used to reduce stress as well as to stabilize hemodynamic indices within different procedures. The present study aimed to examine the effect of massage therapy and reflexotherapy on reducing stress in patients before coronary angiography.
METHODS
In this open-label clinical trial, 75 consecutive patients who were candidate for coronary angiography were randomly assigned to receive reflexotherapy (n = 25), or massage therapy (n = 25), or routine care (n = 25) before angiography. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to determine the stress level of patients before and after interventions and vital signs were also measured.
RESULTS
Improvement in diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate was shown in the reflexotherapy group, and similar effects were observed following other interventions including massage therapy and routine resting program. In subjects who received reflexotherapy the level of stress decreased slightly compared with the other two groups. However, following interventions the level of stress in reflexotherapy group was shown to be lower than other study groups.
CONCLUSION
Reflexotherapy before coronary angiography can help to stabilize vital sign as well as reduce the level of stress. The effect of massage therapy was limited to reducing stress.
... 6,7 Having researched the specialist journals, the Author has found just a few articles related to the assessment of the impact of classic massage and other methods of alternative medicine on changes in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. [8][9][10][11][12] Therefore, every new report from that field can extend our knowledge of how to control blood pressure safely and efficiently. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of classic massage on blood pressure in women with hypertension, aged 60-68. ...
Objective:
To assess the impact of classic massage on the changes in the values of blood pressure in women with previously diagnosed hypertension.
Methods:
The study involved a group often women aged 60-68, who had previously been diagnosed with hypertension. Ten sessions of classic massage of the lower limbs were performed on the subjects. The massage sessions were conducted every day over ten consecutive days. Throughout the treatment, the subjects' blood pressure was measured using a manometer with a stethoscope TRO-CARDIO KIT 2 MONO. Their blood pressure was taken 1 min before the massage, as well as 1 min and 5 min after each session. The study took place between March and June 2013 in Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego (Jędrzej Śniadecki Specialist Hospital) in Nowy Sącz, at the Department of Internal Diseases.
Results:
For ten consecutive days, the blood pressure values in the examined women were decreasing, with the exception of the diastolic blood pressure measured 5 min after the massage.
Conclusion:
The drops in blood pressure by several percent, noted in the majority of the female subjects over the time of the study. Classic massage might provide a safe supportive measure in pharmacologic treatment of hypertension.
... To date, researchers have mostly assessed the influence of massaging strictly specified zones of the foot for various distempers and medical conditions, including pain in the small of the back, 5 multiple sclerosis, 6 and hypertensive disease. 7 They have evaluated the impact of foot massage on pain, fatigue relief, and sleep induction in patients suffering from sleep disorders. 8,9 Charts of reflective zones have been designed that show the distribution of individual receptors on the human foot. ...
To test the accuracy of the distribution of reflective zones on the feet as proposed by William Fitzgerald using the spine and kidney receptors as reference points.
Spine and feet lengths were measured first along straight lines and then again, taking into consideration the anatomical curves. The spinal column was further measured with regard to its individual regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum-coccyx). Straight-line measurements were taken with the help of an anthropometer. Measurements that took into account all of the curves were performed with the opisometer (also known as a "map measurer"). All the measurements were accurate to within 1 mm. The study subjects were a healthy, physically fit 16-year-old female student and a 53-year-old male office employee exposed to an average dose of physical exercise.
The kidney receptor in the foot did not reflect onto the predetermined lumbar section of the spinal column as measured along the straight line or with regard to curves. Instead, in both subjects the kidney receptor reflected onto the thoracic spine.
Te particular level of the spinal cord that innervates the given organ controls the distribution of receptors of individual organs in the foot.
... 이에 따라 관절염 환자나 (Song, Eom, Lee, Lam Paul, & Bae, 2009), 유방암 환자 (Kwon, Park, Ham, Rhoo, & Lee, 2001), 정신장애인 (Han, 2004) (Lee, 2007), 유산소운동 (Moon, 2005), 복식호 흡 (Yu & Song, 2001), 요가 (Park, Kim, & Kim, 2002), 태극 권운동 (Lee, 2004), 발 마사지 (Park & Cho, 2004), 추마요법 (Kim, 2000), 기공체조 (Lee & Choi, 1998), 단전호흡 (Kim, 2004) 등의 다양한 연구가 되어 있으며, 자조관리 프로그램을 고혈압 환자 대상으로 연구한 결과도 있다 (Park, 2003 self-help group activities and strategies for promoting selfefficacy on pain, physiological parameters and quality of life in patients having rheumatoid arthritis. Unpublished ...
Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of the hypertension self-help program on knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management compliance, and physiological parameters for workers with hypertension. Methods: The subjects of study were 54 patients with hypertension, divided into 28 of experimental group and 26 of control group, working in a general work place located in K city from June to September, 2009. Experiment treatment was a 12-week self-care program given for two hours, once a week. Results: After conducting a self-help program, the experimental group showed significant increase in knowledge level, self-efficacy, self-management compliance, and physiological parameters including blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol level, neutral fat, and LDL-cholesterol of blood lipids compared to the control group. Conclusion: This program is greatly recommended for workshops.
... . 또한 간호학과 학생의 스트레스 경감 (Won et al., 2000), 암환자의 활력징후, 피로 감소, 기분상승 (Won, Jeong, Kim, & Kim, 2002), 노인의 심신이완 (Kim, 2003), 고혈압 환자의 혈압 하강 (Park & Cho, 2004), 수면증진 (Han & Lee, 2005), 피로회복 (Jin & Kim, 2005) ...
Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of Self-Foot Reflexotherapy on the Fatigue, Mood and Vital Signs of the Nursing students. Methods: The research design was a quasi experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from June 15 to August 31, 2008. The one group was consisted of 21 subjects. The instruments used for the study were the Fatigue and Paleasant mood. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program. In order to compare the effect of the pre-post Foot Reflexotherapy, paired-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed. Results: A significant decrease in fatigue, increase in Mood and Vital signs after providing self foot reflexotherapy was observed. Conclusion: The result suggests that a self foot reflexotherapy could be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to the patients to reduce fatigue, Mood and vital signs.
A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of foot massage & back massage in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients admitted in Medicine ward attertiarycare hospital, Bhubaneswar. Abstract: An experimental study was undertaken to assess and compare effectiveness of foot massage and back massage in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients admitted in Medicine ward at tertiary care Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Objective:Tocomparetheeffectivenessoffootmassage&backmassageamongthehypertensivepatient. Methodology:Evaluative and comparative research approach was adapted. Experimental pretest posttest control group design was used for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used for 70 hypertensive patients. The present study was conducted in Medicine Ward at PBMHospital, Bhubaneswar. The Patient werediagnosedwithhypertentionattheageof40-60years selected as sample and grouped under 40 for experimental (20 in each : Group IA : Foot massage and Group IB : Back massage group), Group II: was control group(of 30 samples). Experimental group got the massage for 10 minutes .Tool used in this study one was demographic tool and another was blood pressure monitoring table. Results: The characteristics of the demographic variables described that, 52.85% was male patients, 32.85% resides in 61-70 yrs of age group; 20% female patients were unemployed and 17.14% male patients were self-employed; 15.71% male patients were graduate and 21.42% of female patients were of primary education; 37.14% of male patients and 24.28 % of female patients were practicing exercise on daily basis; 38.57% of male and 17.14% of female patients were maintaining walking every day; 15.71% of female patients practicing exercise for up to 30 minutes; 27.14% of female patients sleep for less than 5 hrs; 28.57% of male patients were diagnosed with hypertension of 1-5 yrs. 35.71% of male and 30% of female patients are of non veg; 25.71% of male patients are of 156-165 cm and 30% of female patients are of 145-155 cm in height; 24.28% of male patients are of 71-80 kg and 25.71% of female patients are 61-70kg in weight.Independent t test was used to see the effectiveness of both the massage therapy in reducing blood pressure.The t value of Group IA male in diastolic blood pressure is >0.16 and in systolic blood pressure is 2.779 comparing with the post test blood pressure level in control group.The t value of Group IA female in diastolic blood pressure is 6.85 and in systolic blood pressure is 2.39 comparing with the post test blood pressure level in control group. The t value of Group IB male in diastolic blood pressure is 8.0775 and in systolic blood pressure is 3.2032 comparing with the post test blood pressure level in control group.The t value of Group IB female in diastolic blood pressure is 6.4478 and in systolic blood pressure is 2.612 comparing with the post test blood pressure level in control group. Comparing the t value of both experimental group male post test diastolic and systolic blood pressure is 1.1043 and 0.5286 respectively and similarly for female is 0.7494 and 0.5830 which is mot significant.The study Results shows that the Foot and Back massage is effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure but both have equal effect in reducing Blood pressure. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Foot and Back massage is equally effective in reducing blood pressure in male and female hypertensive patients. Back massage and Foot massage is widely practised in health care sectors. It is a cost effective method of reducing blood pressure. Nurse can easily learn this massage technique. It help to decrease blood pressure, length of hospital stay for patients with hypertention and reduces further complication related to hypertention.
Hypertension represents a major threat for millions of people around the world, it’s a cause
for growing public health concern in most countries, a leading cause of death, disability and a highly health
care cost, which must persuade all health authorities to cope with this challenge. Aim of the study: was to
evaluate the effect of foot reflexology on blood pressure (BP) and quality of life(QOL) among patients with
essential hypertension. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: the study was conducted at
out-patient of cardiac, medical & neurological clinics at Benha University Hospital. Study subjects: A
purposive sample of 60 patients with essential hypertension who attended the cardiac, medical &
neurological outpatient clinics at Benha University Hospital within 6 months ago. They were divided into
equal two groups, foot reflexology group (study) and control group. Tools: Three tools were used to collect
data (1) Interview questionnaire sheet, (2) Patients' heart rate (HR) & BP measurement sheet & (3) Quality of
Life Questionnaire. Results: the present study revealed that there was no significant difference between both
groups in the 1st month of follow up visit pre-interventional period regarding complaint, HR, BP & QoL
p>0.05 while become highly significant difference in the 2nd & 3rd months p<0.001 Conclusion: Foot
reflexology had statistically significant positive effect on the complaint, HR, BP & QoL among the patients
with essential hypertension. The study recommended: replication of the study on large sample selected
from different geographical areas of Egypt is recommended to generalize the study results.
Keyword: Essential hypertension, Foot reflexology, Blood pressure, Quality of Life
Hypertension represents a major threat for millions of people around the world, it’s a cause
for growing public health concern in most countries, a leading cause of death, disability and a highly health
care cost, which must persuade all health authorities to cope with this challenge. Aim of the study: was to
evaluate the effect of foot reflexology on blood pressure (BP) and quality of life(QOL) among patients with
essential hypertension. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: the study was conducted at
out-patient of cardiac, medical & neurological clinics at Benha University Hospital. Study subjects: A
purposive sample of 60 patients with essential hypertension who attended the cardiac, medical &
neurological outpatient clinics at Benha University Hospital within 6 months ago. They were divided into
equal two groups, foot reflexology group (study) and control group. Tools: Three tools were used to collect
data (1) Interview questionnaire sheet, (2) Patients' heart rate (HR) & BP measurement sheet & (3) Quality of
Life Questionnaire. Results: the present study revealed that there was no significant difference between both
groups in the 1st month of follow up visit pre-interventional period regarding complaint, HR, BP & QoL
p>0.05 while become highly significant difference in the 2nd & 3rd months p<0.001 Conclusion: Foot
reflexology had statistically significant positive effect on the complaint, HR, BP & QoL among the patients
with essential hypertension. The study recommended: replication of the study on large sample selected
from different geographical areas of Egypt is recommended to generalize the study results.
Keyword: Essential hypertension, Foot reflexology, Blood pressure, Quality of Life
Background:
This study aims to identify the effect of reflexology on the quality of life in patients with breast cancer.
Methods:
The population of the study conducted comprised of 60 patients; 30 forming the control and 30 the experimental groups (30 experimental, 30 control). Patient identification forms and EORTC QLQC30 Quality of Life Scale were used to collect the data.
Statistical analysis used:
The data obtained as a result of the study were assessed via computer using 'Statistical Package for Social Science 21.0' software.
Results:
The results of the experiment demonstrated that the within-group symptom total score average of the patients in the experiment/treatment group decreased after the reflexology treatment; while the general health and functional total score averages in the treatment group increased; and the difference between pretest and posttest measurements was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Once symptom, functional, and general health total score averages from the posttest measurement are compared across treatment and control groups, symptom total score average of the patients in the treatment group turned out to be significantly lower than that of the patients in the control group (p = 0.001). In terms of functional and general health score averages, patients in the treatment group scored significantly higher than those in the control group (p = 0.000).
Conclusion:
Reflexology was found to reduce the symptoms experienced by breast cancer patients, while at the same time increasing the functional and general health status.
Reflexology in Pregnancy and Childbirth is a definitive text on the safe and appropriate use of reflex zone therapy in pregnancy, labour and the puerperium, focusing on evidence-based practice, professional accountability and application of a comprehensive knowledge of the therapy related to reproductive physiology. Denise Tiran, an experienced midwife, reflex zone therapist, university lecturer and Director of Expectancy - the Expectant Parents' Complementary Therapies Consultancy - has an international reputation in the field of maternity complementary therapies, has researched and written extensively on reflexology, and has treated nearly 5000 pregnant women with structural reflex zone therapy. KEY FEATURES Case histories to ease application of theory to practice Charts, tables and diagrams are used throughout for ease of learning Includes a section on conception, infertility and sub-fertility Covers legalities and ethical issues.
Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and world, because of its high frequency and concomitant, risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Hypertension is interesting disease entity of its own as it remains silent, being generally asymptomatic during its clinical course Foot massage is one of the relaxing treatment that we can give to ourselves and to others. The ultimate study of foot massage is foot reflexology. It involves applying focussed pressure to known reflex points located in the foot to cure or prevent disease. Massage has been practiced as a healing therapy for centuries in nearly every culture around the world. It helps to relieve muscle tension, reduce stress and evoke feeling of calmness and it particularly influences the activity of musculoskeletal, circulatory, nervous and lymphatic system. Massage therapy will likely to increase the circulation within the blood vessels; relaxing strokes will concurrently dilate those vessels. Massage is the transmission of energy in the form of motion or motion with pressure, to the various parts of the organism.Foot massage is one of the relaxing treatment that we can give to ourselves and to others. The ultimate study of foot massage is foot reflexology.
Background & Aim: Vascular events and strokes are third leading causes of death worldwide. There are also major causes of human morbidity. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are proposed to patients with stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of foot reflexology, as a non-pharmacological procedure, on systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with stroke.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 68 patients with stroke were selected and divided randomly into two experiment (n=34) and control (n=34) groups. Each patient in the experiment group received foot reflexology for 30 minutes. Data were recorded in the demographic and blood pressure record form. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVAs in the SPSS-20.
Results: There were no significant differences between the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of patients in experiment and control groups at baseline. The blood pressure was significantly reduced among the experiment group after receiving the foot reflexology (P
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of hypertension-related nursing intervention programs and their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Methods: Fifteen studies were selected from four databases (Korean studies, Riss4U, RICHIS, and JKAN) published as of 2009. They were analyzed by meta-analysis method. The selected studies contained a control group with pre-test and post-test design, measured blood pressure as a dependent variable, and used a reported statistical value for blood pressure to measure the size of effects. Results: The hypertension-related nursing intervention programs were relatively effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, although they were more efficient to decrease diastolic pressure. Among the hypertension-related intervention programs, complementary and alternative therapies were more effective in lowering blood pressure compared to lifestyle change intervention. Conclusions: To acquire substantial data of intervention effects, and complementary and alternative therapy, subjects in pre-hypertensive stage, and elderly people, better industrial and scholastic research methods need to be developed for future research. Further studies are needed to establish complementary and alternative therapies. Studies with different group of participants and studies using effective research design are in need as well.
Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of hand massage on reducing discomfort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods: The sample consisted of 62 patients admitted to an university affiliated hospital. The 30 patients in experimental group received hand massage developed by Snyder(1995) for 5 minutes on both hands and 32 patients in control group received the usual nursing intervention only. The outcome variable of discomfort was measured 10 minutes before and after the hand massage using Questionnaire and VAS. The data were collected from Feb. 5th to May 17th in 2007, and analysed through Chi-square, and t-test with SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The level of discomfort measured with the questionnaire was decreased in experimental group, but increased in control group. This discomfort changes in two groups were significantly different(t=4.43, p
Foot reflexology is a technique based on the treatment of zones on the feet that correspond to different body parts.
This study was done to examine the effects of moxibustion on physiological indices, such as 24-hr blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse rate, and autonomic nervous symptoms among adults with prehypertension.
Participants were adults whose systolic and diastolic blood pressures were in the prehypertension stage and were not under treatment for the condition. Both experimental and control group consisted of 13 participants who were taking classes on acupuncture and moxibustion at a private institute. The experimental group received moxibustion once a day for 15 min, at least 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The results were analyzed using χ(2)-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SAS program. Bonferroni correction method was adopted for multiple comparisons.
No significant change was observed in the 24-hr systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Differences in the 24-hr pulse pressure and pulse rate were also not significant. However, significant decreases in headache, symptoms of flushing and fatigue were observed in the experimental group.
The results suggest that moxibustion contributes to alleviating symptoms such as headache, flushing and fatigue associated with the autonomic nervous system among adults with prehypertension.
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