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Leisure time physical activity and subjective health state in adults
Abstract
Leisure time physical activity improves health.
The aim of this study was to analyze association between leisure time physical activity level and subjective health state in adults.
We have analyzed level of recreational physical activity and subjective health state in representative sample of 1029 adult people in Lodz including 488 men and 541 women. Physical activity assessment was carried out by the interviewer-administrated Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). Indeed physical activity, subjective health state and physical fitness determined by maximal oxygen output (VO(2max)) was assessed in 271 objectively healthy people. Subjective health state was determined by visual analogue score taken from standardized questionnaire EuroQol 5D. RESULTS. More than half of subjects (60.8%) did not participate in leisure time sport activities. The number of those who had from 1 to 999 kcal/week, on sport was 23.4%. Only 15.,8% participants spent on leisure time physical activity more than 1000 kcal/week. In both groups (total n = 1029 and healthy people n = 271) subjects with 0.0 kcal/week energy expenditure on leisure time sport activities reported significantly lover subjective health state scores comparing to people with higher especially 1000-1999 kcal/week energy expenditure. In this study significant correlation was found for energy expenditure on leisure time physical activity and subjective health state (in group n = 1029 r = 0.03, p < 0.0001 and in group n = 271 r = 0.4, p < 0.0001).
This study demonstrates that 80.4% of subjects did not achieve the level of physical activity recommended by experts in health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Level of leisure time physical activity influence subjective health state in adults.
... A total of 112 (78 %) studies reported EQ VAS scores. We found nine studies [119,120,129,131,136,142,143,149,161] that reported only EQ VAS results despite using the descriptive system and five other studies that applied only EQ VAS but not the descriptive system [127,139,152,160,161]. Further, in four studies only the descriptive system was administered without the EQ VAS [118,176,177,180]. ...
... Methodological deficiencies, such as the lack of reporting either EQ-5D index scores (40 %) or EQ VAS scores (22 %) and not stating which tariff was used (in the 31 % of the studies that calculated EQ-5D index score), were the leading causes of poor quality. Some studies indicated recording only the EQ VAS but not the descriptive system [127,139,152,160,161]. In one study, the EQ VAS scale was modified to range from 0 to 10 [175]. ...
Objective:
Cost per quality-adjusted life year data are required for reimbursement decisions in many Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. EQ-5D is by far the most commonly used instrument to generate utility values in CEE. This study aims to systematically review the literature on EQ-5D from eight CEE countries.
Methods:
An electronic database search was performed up to 1 July 2015 to identify original EQ-5D studies from the countries of interest. We analysed the use of EQ-5D with respect to clinical areas, methodological rigor, population norms and value sets.
Results:
We identified 143 studies providing 152 country-specific results with a total sample size of 81,619: Austria (n = 11), Bulgaria (n = 6), Czech Republic (n = 18), Hungary (n = 47), Poland (n = 51), Romania (n = 2), Slovakia (n = 3) and Slovenia (n = 14). Cardiovascular (21 %), neurologic (17 %), musculoskeletal (15 %) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (13 %) were the most frequently studied clinical areas. Overall, 112 (78 %) of the studies reported EQ VAS results and 86 (60 %) EQ-5D index scores, of which 27 (31 %) did not specify the applied tariff. Hungary, Poland and Slovenia have population norms. Poland and Slovenia also have a national value set.
Conclusions:
Increasing use of EQ-5D is observed throughout CEE. The spread of health technology assessment activities in countries seems to be reflected in the number of EQ-5D studies. However, improvement in informed use and methodological quality of reporting is needed. In jurisdictions where no national value set is available, in order to ensure comparability we recommend to apply the most frequently used UK tariff. Regional collaboration between CEE countries should be strengthened.
... The fifth attribute is leisure expenditure. Scholars have claimed that leisure activity relieves stress and makes individuals happier as it enables them to escape from tedious daily life [48][49][50][51]. Noll and Weick [16] have also shown that subjective health in Germany is positively influenced by expenditure on leisure. ...
This study aimed to investigate the determinants of subjective health among South Korean senior citizens. Secondary data for the year 2018 was used from the Senior Citizen Research Panel data collected by the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 3822 valid observations were analyzed. The dependent variable was subjective health, and the independent variables were religion participation, social gathering participation, economic activity, food expenditure, leisure expenditure, travel frequency, and art watching frequency. Descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, and independent t-test were carried out for data analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed using assets, age, and gender as control variables to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that all the proposed attributes have a significant positive impact on the subjective health of Korean senior citizens, with implications for policy making.
... Our research confirmed that among blue-collar workers, especially those working hard, a certain reluctance to sure-time physical activity was common. In 2004, Kaleta et al. [18] revealed that 11.5% of the residents of Łódź reported physical work as a major reason for not taking up leisure-time physical activity. Our research confirmed that the blue-collar workers mostly benefited from leisure-time physical activity as compared with white-collar employees. ...
Low physical activity is a serious health problem in developed and developing countries. Much attention is also given to the role of physical activity in the modification of work ability in adults. The aim of this studywas to assess leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and their influence on the subjective work ability in a randomly selected group of professionally active residents of Lódź.
The study was performed in the randomly selected group of professionally active persons (n = 198). Physical activity was determined by means of the Seven Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). To determine cardiorespiratory fitness in the examined persons, the submaximal treadmill test was performed. Subjective work ability was evaluated using the work ability index (WAI).
Correlation coefficient for the WAI and leisure-time physical activity was high r = 0.3, p < 0.0001. Moreover, WAI, its compounds and cardiorespiratory fitness were highly correlated r = 0.4, p < 0.0001.
Our analysis of leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and WAI emphasizes a great, potential feasibility of improving the WAI and its components, e.g., through the development, promotion, and broad use of training schedules.
The major reviews of research on aerobic exercise and mood published in the past 10 years and the well-controlled empirical studies in the last 5 years yield a number of consistent conclusions. First, researchers unanimously concluded that aerobic exercise and depression and anxiety are related in a inverse and consistent manner. Yet they consistently refrained from suggesting that this relationship involves causality. Second, studies consistently reported that aerobic exercise is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate forms of depression and anxiety. In fact, it was the conclusion of several researchers that aerobic exercise was as effective as more traditional methods of psychotherapy. Third, it consistently was reported that the increased benefits were greatest in those who were more depressed and more anxious. Fourth, it was reported consistently that an increase in cardiovascular fitness was not necessary for mood enhancement. Finally, because the few existing longitudinal studies predominantly involve pre-experimental and quasi-experimental designs, the hypothesis that exercise leads to mood changes cannot be accepted nor refuted at this time.