ArticleLiterature Review

Aloe vera gel: Update for dentistry

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author.

No full-text available

Request Full-text Paper PDF

To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.

... In India, it is found in Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. [2] Aloe is also popular in both traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. In Ayurvedic medicine, the traditional medicine of India, aloe is used internally as a laxative, anti-helminthic, hemorrhoid remedy, and uterine stimulant; it is used topically, often in combination with licorice root, to treat eczema or psoriasis. ...
... Aloe vera contains 75 potentially active constituents: vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids, and amino acids. [2] The Aloe barbadensis plant consists of two different parts, each of which produce substances with completely different compositions and therapeutic properties. The parenchymal tissue makes up the inner portion of the aloe leaves and produces the aloe vera gel (or mucilage), a clear, thin, tasteless, jelly-like material. ...
... These cells produce an exudates that consists of a bitter yellow latex with powerful laxative-like actions. [2] Key words -Aloe-Vera, Herb, Medicinal Properties HISTORY In Mesopotamia, clay tablets dated 1750 BC, showed that Aloe vera was being used in pharmaceutical manner. Egyptian books from 550 BC mentioned that infections of the skin could be cured by application of aloe. ...
Article
Full-text available
In many parts of the world, there is a rich tradition of using herbal medicine for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Aloe-vera is one of the essential component of traditional medicine. Research is now directed to isolate biologically active compounds from plants for use as herbal medicine. Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe-vera) belongs to the Lilicaceal family, itis a cactus like plant and grows readily in hot and arid climate. This review highlights the importance of using Aloe-vera as a medicinal herb.
... A. vera is considered a ''healing" plant having medicinal value that has been used for more than 3000 years in different cultures (Mukherjee et al., 2014). It has anti-ageing, antiviral, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory properties (Wynn, 2005). According to a narration by Messenger of Allah (Peace Be Upon Him): ''Do you know how much healing there is in the two bitter things: Aloe vera and cress? . ...
... Considering A. vera as an effective antiviral agent, it contains lectins that is responsible to suppress the proliferation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) growth in all cultures by interfering protein synthesis (Wynn, 2005). Moreover, the Acemannan (Fig. 2) found in A. vera is a key component of immune system that produces immune agents interferon and interlukin (Choi et al., 2007). ...
... Influence on cell's/disease biological mechanism References 1. Antiviral Lectins Inhibits proliferation of CMC by interfering protein synthesis (Wynn, 2005) Acemannan ...
Article
Full-text available
COVID-19 is a pulmonary disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. More than 200 million individuals are infected by this globally. Pyrexia, coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, diarrhoea, sore throats, and body aches are among the typical symptoms of COVID-19. The virus enters into the host body by interacting with the ACE2 receptor. Despite many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines manufactured by distinct strategies but any evidence-based particular medication to combat COVID-19 is not available yet. However, further research is required to determine the safety and effectiveness profile of the present therapeutic approaches. In this study, we provide a summary of Traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal (TAIM) plants' historical use and their present role as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Herein, six medicinal plants Aloe barbadensis Miller, Olea europaea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Cassia angustifolia, and Ficus carica have been studied based upon their pharmacological activities against viral infections. These plants include phytochemicals that have antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, and antitussive properties. These bioactive substances could be employed to control symptoms and enhance the development of a possible COVID-19 medicinal synthesis. To determine whether or if these TAIMs may be used as adjuvant therapy and are appropriate, a detailed evaluation is advised.
... As well as, several inorganic ingredients and several organic compounds such as barbaloin, a loin, and emodin. different polysaccharides (29). The aloe vera gel can treat minor burns, cutaneous irritations, and abrasions (29). ...
... different polysaccharides (29). The aloe vera gel can treat minor burns, cutaneous irritations, and abrasions (29). Although, aloe vera can treat some external conditions, the internal application of aloe vera remains questionable (30). ...
Article
Full-text available
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using aloe vera gel on articular cartilage regeneration in a canine model. About 6 mm osteochondral defects were induced on the trochlear groove of the distal extremity of the left femur bone of 18 adult dogs. These animals were divided into two equal groups, of 9 animals. The induced osteochondral defects were left without treatment for the first group (control group "C G") While for the other group (treated group "T G"), the defect was occupied with 1 ml of aloe vera gel. Clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological evaluations were conducted on the 15 th , 30 th , and 45 th day post-surgery. Clinical outcomes exhibited rapid and clear improvement in animals' ability to use their limbs in standing and walking positions since the end of the first week following surgery in the treated group compared to the control group. Besides, the gross observation showed a relative disappearance of the osteochondral defect in the treated group rather than the control group at the end of the study. The histopathological data showed rapid and profound proliferation of the chondroblast and new cartilage formation with more angiogenesis and little development of granulation tissue at the end of the study in the treated group compared to the control group. In conclusion, aloe vera gel can enhance and accelerate the articular regenerative healing process to repair dog osteochondral defects.
... It grows mainly in dry regions of Asia, Africa, America and Europe. In India, it is found in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Utter Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu (Richard LW., 2005). Cosmetics and some medicinal products are made from the mucilaginous tissue at the centre of the Aloe Vera leaf and are called Aloe Vera gel. ...
... They occur just beneath the outer green rind of the leaf. These cells produce exudates that consist of bitter yellow latex with powerful laxative-like action (Richard LW., 2005). Aloe vera show laxative effect due to presence of anthraquinone. ...
Chapter
Full-text available
Today's Global and Indian demand has provided an excellent opportunity for scientifically cultivating, Post-harvest and value addition economically important medicinal plants. Today, medicinal plants are finding diverse uses in the society from medicine to cosmetics, herbal drinks, herbal foods and other articles in daily uses. These play a vital role especially in modern time. Medicinal plants have been in major demand due to the great efficiency of herbal remedies and priced for their medicinal, flavouring and aromatic values. Medicinal plants have emerged as a major economic activity in India and witnessed rapid growth in this sector. These resources produced and offered in a wide variety of products, from crude materials to processed and packaged products through value additions. Hence, the great effort has to be made in practising the application of improved post-harvest techniques viz., cleaning, drying, grading, value additions, packaging and storage which would minimize the post-harvest losses on another hand simultaneously. Furthermore, processing improves the quality, safety, efficacy and profitability. The post-harvest losses of Medicinal plants in Asia Pacific region, including India, have been reported to vary between 10-40%. In some instances, the figures can exceed 50%, depending on the handling and distribution chain which vary with different countries. Therefore, post-harvest management and its processing is now regarded as the promising sector of Indian economy in view of its large potential for growth and likely socioeconomic impact specifically on generation of income and employment to rural livelihood.
... It grows mainly in dry regions of Asia, Africa, America and Europe. In India, it is found in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu [68] . Cosmetics and some medicinal products are made from the mucilaginous tissue at the center of the Aloe Vera leaf and are called Aloe Vera gel. ...
... They occur just beneath the outer green rind of the leaf. These cells produce exudates that consist of bitter yellow latex with powerful laxative-like action [68] . Aloe vera show laxative effect due to presence of anthraquinone. ...
Chapter
Full-text available
In recent years there has been a significant growth of interest in plant based drugs, pharmaceuticals, perfumery products, cosmetic and aroma compounds used in food flavours and fragrances and natural colours in the world. MAPs has emerged as a major economic activity in India and witnessed rapid growth in this sector. These resources produced and offered in a wide variety of products, from crude materials to processed and packaged products through value additions. Due to this increased demand in the worldwide trade, these plants are facing severe pressure on its cultivation and several factors like improper handling of the crop after its harvest, packaging, low level technology, lack of basic equipment and facilities at the collection centres or packing houses and lack of trained personnel’s. Hence, the great effort has to be made in practicing the application of improved post-harvest techniques viz., cleaning, drying, grading, distillation, value additions, packaging and storage which would minimize the post-harvest losses on other hand simultaneously. Furthermore, processing improves the quality, safety, efficacy and profitability. The post-harvest losses of Horticultural crops including MAPs in Asia Pacific region, including India, have been reported to vary between 10-40%. In some instances, the figures can exceed 50%, depending on the handling and distribution chain which vary with different countries. Therefore, post-harvest management and its processing is now regarded as the promising sector of Indian economy in view of its large potential for growth and likely socio-economic impact specifically on employment and income generation. Keywords: Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), post-harvest technology, post-harvest losses, harvesting, distillation, value additions
... Selvi B.T. et al. [38] worked on preparing an ecofriendly natural antimicrobial finished cotton fabric, using Aloe vera gel combined with citric acid. ...
... [33] Aloe vera possesses antifungal, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties, so aloe vera gel can be used as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents. This bioactive fabric can be used in hospitals, Sportswear, home textile, carpets, non-woven, protective clothing etc. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The future of textile industries is in the production of colored functional fabrics due to its high price and high demand. ...
Article
Full-text available
The application of aloe vera in textile processing is gaining worldwide detection as one of the hopeful approaches to pollution issues and cost reduction. Aloe vera gel possesses some biological activities and unique properties such as colorless, transparent, and viscosity which meet the using as a printing thickener, mordant, antimicrobial for different fabrics and dyes. Aloe vera is used in pre-treatment such as scouring, desizing, softening, and printing due to its succulent enzymatic and gummy characteristics. Aloe vera gel also contains a salty substance that allows its use in natural, eco-friendly dyeing. Aloe vera gel also is an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.This state of art highlights the novel approaches of application of aloe vera in the textile coloration and industry covering both current types of research and pilot application.
... With regard to the natural product Aloe vera, the scientific literature points out some beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced mucositis [70]. Pre-clinical studies showed that Aloe vera improved wound repair, reduced vasoconstriction and platelet association at the ulcer site, and increased collagen formation and wound oxygenation, eliminating free radicals, inhibiting collagenase and metalloproteinase, and activating macrophages [34, 71,72]. In addition, Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase [72]. ...
... Pre-clinical studies showed that Aloe vera improved wound repair, reduced vasoconstriction and platelet association at the ulcer site, and increased collagen formation and wound oxygenation, eliminating free radicals, inhibiting collagenase and metalloproteinase, and activating macrophages [34, 71,72]. In addition, Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase [72]. However, in the randomized clinical trials included in the present research, it was found that the benefits were not statistically significant when administering Aloe vera for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of chemo-and/or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. ...
Article
Full-text available
ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to verify evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the clinical applicability of natural products in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.MethodologyAn electronic research according to the PICOS strategy, using the terms “natural products” and “oral mucositis,” was carried out at Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, and “gray literature.” The stages of eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment of the studies were carried out independently and in duplicate.ResultsThe number of studies identified as eligible was 151, including 47 randomized controlled trials, reporting a total of 3075 participants undergoing some therapy with natural products on oral mucositis. The included clinical trials covered a variety of 31 types of natural products. Considering the risk of bias of the clinical trials, 24 studies (51.1%) were considered to have a low overall risk of bias, nine (19.1%) were at moderate risk, and 14 clinical trials (29.8%) were at high risk of bias. Honey was the most assessed natural agent. Fourteen studies (3.4%) reported that natural agents reduced pain.Conclusion The results of the meta-analysis support a positive effect of honey and Aloe vera in reducing mucositis in patients receiving cancer therapy.Clinical relevanceThe results found add relevant information to the scientific community regarding the prevention and treatment of mucositis.Graphical abstract
... Aloe vera lacks a genuine stem in the conventional sense. Rather, it possesses a short, stem-like form that is sometimes described as that of a "stemless" or "stem-succulent" plant [33]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Acne, a common skin condition affecting millions globally, is characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. It is great challenge for the the dermatologist for its complexity, prevalence and also huge range of clinical expression. Due to hormonal changes 99.5% of teenage boys and 83% of teenage girls are affected by acne which may continue throughout adolescence. While conventional treatments such as topical creams, antibiotics, and oral medications exist, an increasing number of individuals seek natural remedies due to concerns about side effects and long-term sustainability. So, to give relief from acne problems and also minimize side effects it is better to use herbal plants. This review provides a comprehensive of acne and explores various natural remedies that have gained popularity in managing this skin condition. This review highlights the information about plants such as Eastern purple coneflower, green tea, German chamomile, calendula, liquorice, aloe vera, neem, turmeric, tulasi and witch hazel.Also, this review emphasis on the brief history of acne, taxonomical classification of plants, morphology of the plants, chemical constituents of plants which are responsible for various activities such as anti-acne, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, moisturizing and cleaning. This review includes the different methods of application of plant by using home remedies.
... The parenchymal tissue makes up the inner portion of the aloe leaves and produces a clear, thin tasteless jelly-like material called Aloe vera gel. (Wynn, 2005) Vitamins include Vit A which is necessary for integrity of epithelial cells, Vit C which helps in connective tissue regeneration (collagen synthesis), and Vit E which is an antioxidant and neutralises free radicals by donating one of their electrons, ending the electron stealing reaction. The antioxidant nutrient, however, does not become a free radical by donating an electron because they are stable in either form. ...
Article
Full-text available
The periodontal diseases are among the mos Various chemotherapy has increased recently. to be most promising and high reduction of plaque, gingivitis and periodontitis was mouth study. Ten patients least in one site are included. On along with scaling and root planing, pure aloe vera index and plaque index were significant improvement in the pocket depth a groups. The results chronic periodontitis part of the preventive and therapeutic treatments.
... Acemannan is separated and purified using techniques such as anion exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, gradient ethanol precipitation, and gradient ammonium sulfate precipitation [69]. More efficient and environmentally friendly methods like graded precipitation and membrane ultrafiltration are popular while colorimetry, spectroscopy, and chromatography are commonly used [70]. Polysaccharides content of acemannan can be determined using various methods including colorimetric, spectral, and chromatographic techniques. ...
Article
Full-text available
Aloe vera, a medicinal herb, is used in health care and cosmetics due to its biological activity. Its gel contains acemannan, which has high water content, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and customizable properties. Acemannan hydrogels can absorb and retain up to 99% of their weight, enabling supercooling and longer periods. There are literature reports on cellulose-based, chitosan-based, alginate-based, and starch-based hydrogels, but very limited studies on acemannan-based hydrogels, especially for supercooling applications. Hence, understanding AvP’s supercooling properties is crucial for developing reliable supercooling devices. The potential of hydrogels based on AvP for supercooling applications is examined in this review. The study reports on the idea of supercooling, how important it is in different fields, and how current techniques are limited. The review focuses on the characteristics, composition, and hydrogel formation process of AvP. It goes over AvP hydrogels’ capacity for supercooling, and the difficulties and potential paths for enhancing these hydrogels’ functionality and performance are also covered.
... Aloe vera is the earliest known medical plant and the most widely used herbal remedy in the world [53]. The existence of organic anthraquinones in the Aloe vera plant confers antimicrobial activity: aloe emodin, aloetic acid, aloin, anthracene,ethanol, barbaloin, chrysophanic acid, ethereal oil, an ester of cinnamonic acid, isobarbaloin, and resistannol [54]. Because Leptotrichae is the coating around the teeth that absorbs colours, the paste with a high concentration of sodium chloride content inhibits the creation of the coat described in Table 4. ...
Article
Full-text available
Toothpaste plays an important role in maintaining and improving oral health and aesthetics. Over time, toothpaste recipes have evolved from simple suspensions of broken eggshells or ashes to complex formulations containing up to twenty different chemicals. Toothpaste is designed to combat various dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, calculus, erosion and dentin hypersensitivity. It contains abrasives to clean and whiten teeth, flavours to freshen breath and dyes to improve its cosmetic appeal. The right toothpaste is formulated to maximize the bioavailability of its active ingredients. For instance, the permissible theoretical fluoride concentration range is between 850.0-1150.0 ppm. The most scientifically supported anti-plaque agent in toothpaste is Triclosan. Toothpaste must have a pH level between 05.50 and 10.50. Condensed phosphates are mainly used as chemical whitening agents in toothpaste. However, developing toothpaste is a complex process because numerous separate activities must come together in a single phase. Toothpaste development is still ongoing as there are several challenges including the low oral substantivity of most active ingredients which must be overcome. This present study states that a systematic review is a vital research piece that provides insights into the future of Bangladesh. This review conducts a thorough analysis of the country's potentials and opportunities, presenting a comprehensive understanding of its development. Using the toothpaste skeleton as a metaphor for the foundation of Bangladesh's growth, this overview examines its significance in detail.
... The term "alloeh" in Arabic, meaning "a gleaming bitter material" is where the English word aloe (Ghazanfar, 1994).Aloe barbadensis miller is the botanical name for Aloe vera.It is a perpetual, bushy, xerophytica, tender colony within the family Liliaceae (Asphodelaceae).It might be located in in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh in India. It is mostly located in arid parts towards Asia, Africa, America, and Europe (Richard, 2005).On reproductive system Aloe vera has both beneficial and hazardous effect according to the literature various workers showed that Aloe veracaused damage to male reproductive system (Shah et al., 1989, Oyeyemiet al., 2011, Oyewopoet al., 2011, Dhurveyet al., 2020 and several workers stated the beneficial effect of Aloe vera on male reproductive system (Estakhr andJavdan 2011, Mehrdad andAlireza 2014). Similarly in female Aloe vera has both positive and negative effect. ...
Article
Full-text available
Medicinal plants are used in pharmacological sector to improve health. There is a rich tradition of using herbal medicine for the management of several illnesses. Among these plants, Aloe vera gel has pulled specifically consideration of current medication due to its broad use and therapeutic properties. Though, Aloe vera's impact on the reproductive system has not been clearly demarcated. Several researchers have stated that Aloe vera enhances male and female sexual function and has a positive effect on testicular functions; increases the testosterone level of males; has an ovulatory effect on the ovary and increases estrogen hormone. However, Aloe vera has been shown in multiple studies to have detrimental effects on both the female and male reproductive systems. It has a destructive effect on the testes, inhibits testosterone production; reduces sperm motility, sperm count in males, and degenerative changes in the ovary. In the present review, we attempt to explain the uncertainty about the aloe vera's impact, its dose and its duration with regard to the reproductive system.
... One of the important groups of secondary metabolites are tricyclic aromatic anthraquinone. Aloin, aloesin, and aloe emodin are the naturally occurring anthraquinone derivatives with high therapeutic value (Wynn 2005). The genus Aloe contain more than 360 species among which four plants namely Aloe arborescens, Aloe perryi, Aloe ferox, and Aloe vera shows medicinal attributes (Choudhri et al. 2018). ...
Article
Modern agriculture practices heavily depend on the application of chemical fertilizers and continuous application disturbs the soil quality and health. Fluorescent Pseudomonas are the well characterized group of bacteria proficient in plant growth promotion and have excellent phosphate solubilizing abilities and solubilize insoluble phosphate to plants available form via secretion of organic acids. This study focused on the phosphate solubilization ability of Pseudomonas, arouse of Aloin-A molecule, gluconic acid production, as well as biometric parameters of key medicinal plant, the Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis). Two strains (P. putida and Pseudomonas sp.) were found very effective PSBs and solubilized 236.73 and 153.73 mg L −1 phosphate, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) showed the production of gluconic acid (GA). P. putida and P. sp. produced 23970 ± 231 and 21538 ± 129 mg L −1 GA, respectively. Inoculation of the plants with consortium of P. putida and Pseudomonas sp. enhanced the plant growth, soil available P and phosphate uptake in plants than individual inoculation. An increase in aloin-A content (18.15 and 28.71 fold) was recorded in A. barbadensis treated with a PSB consortium in a soil amended without and with TCP (tricalcium phosphate), respectively. P-uptake ultimately enhances the aloin-A synthesis and biomass of plant. Therefore, agronomic attributes of Aloe vera plants can be improved for used as a medicinal plant through application of potent Fluorescent Pseudomonas.
... 25.34 Lycopene was seen to be more efficacious in improvingmouth opening and tongue protrusion in OSMF patients proving to be more reliable treatment modality. As per the study conducted the authors they came to the conclusion that first line of drug of choice is lycopene when compared to aloe vera in case of OMF type cases 25,26 Due to the properties of Aloe vera and itscompounds, it can be used to retain skin moistureand integrity. Theyconcluded by saying that the various properties of this natural drug it can even be used in skin lesions . ...
Article
Full-text available
The Aloe Vera plant has been known and used for centuries. It is a true gift from nature. Ancient records show that the benefits of Aloe Vera have been known for centuries with its therapeutic advantages and healing properties. It is considered under any names depending upon the world community . the medicinal uses of this tropical plant is verry well found in many literures dated back . The nutrients make up of Aloe Vera is one of a kind and has amazing natural healing properties. Its uses are multiple and undoubtedly the natures gift to humanity and it remains for us to introduce it to ourselves and thank the nature for its never-ending gift.
... Aloe vera is a perennial, succulent, drought-resistant plant that exhibits many pharmacological characteristics to promote wound and skin burns healing (Chowdhuri et al., 2018). Many of the medicinal properties of Aloe vera are ascribed due to numerous active ingredients including anthraquinones, polysaccharides, alkylbenzenes, dehydrabietic acid derivatives, salicylic acid, lectin, carotenoids, lignin, saponins etc. that attribute for its high therapeutic value (Wynn, 2005). Antibacterial property of aloe vera is because of anthraquinones that behave like tetracycline by blocking the ribosomal A site, thus, interrupting bacterial protein synthesis (Radha and LaxmiPriya, 2017). ...
Article
Full-text available
In the present study, the effect of topical application of Aloe vera, honey and combination of Aloe vera and honey (A+H) on cutaneous wound healing in goat model was investigated. A total of 20 goats were selected having body weight 8-12 kg, age 9-18 months and randomly divided into group A, H, A+H and C. Following local anaesthesia, a 1.5×1.5 cm² excised wound along with the latissimus dorsi muscle were made on the skin of these goats using a template. The wounds of Group A, H, A+H and C were treated topically with Aloe vera, honey and Aloe vera + honey and sterile normal saline respectively. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated in terms of bacterial load, tissue response in healing by histopathology and wound contraction rate. The bacterial load was measured by growing them on agar medium and means of colony forming unit (CFU). The wound area in each group was measured using a Vernier calliper scale which was used to trace the wound area. The bacterial load (CFU) appeared lower in every sampling in goats of Group H followed by those of Group A and A+H. Highest level of bacterial infectivity (1700-1980 cfu/100µl nutrient agar) in group C and lower count in Group H (250-362 /100 µl nutrient agar) was seen in the wound following day 3 of treatment. Biopsy examination of Group A skin revealed that the topical application of Aloe vera lowered tissue reaction following day 7 of wounding and enabling rapid repairing of tissue with complete epithelialization over the wound following 14 days of wounding. Clinically the wounds showed various degree of healing in group A, H, A+H goats following day 14 of wounding compared to the existence of raw and unhealed wound in Group C goats. Complete centripetal contraction of wound was obtained in group A, A+H, H at 17, 19, 21 days respectively. The results reveal that topical application of Aloe vera alone appeared best in the wound healing process followed by Aloe vera + honey and honey respectively.
... It is noteworthy that aloe-vera gel comprises a unique blend of ingredients, which are responsible for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-oxidant and antiin ammatory properties [46, [52][53][54]. Furthermore it causes wound healing by proliferation of broblast, by initiating angiogenesis or activating macrophages, all these above mentioned properties may play key role behind diminution of gingival index, plaque index and bleeding on probing [55,56]. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background Inflammation of gingival tissues in response to bacterial plaque accumulation is a key risk factor for the onset of gingivitis and progression towards periodontal inflammation. Thus, control of gingival inflammation is a prerequisite to sustain gingival health. Honey has been used in gingivitis and periodontal diseases for its antibacterial and healing properties, on the other hand, use of aloe-vera gel for its anti-inflammatory properties, has been reported in dentistry for many oral conditions. The main objective of the study was to find out the effects of gingival massage with aloe-vera gel and sidr honey as adjunct as well as the difference in the efficacy of aloe-vera gel and sidr honey in reducing clinical parameters. Method: 105 patients with gingivitis were selected in this single-blinded Randomized control clinical trial. At recruitment dental prophylaxis i-e ultra-sonic scaling (US) was performed. At baseline all clinical parameters, gingival index, plaque index and bleeding on probing were recorded. All the participants were then randomly divided into three groups, Group A: US & Gingival massage with aloe-vera gel, Group B: US & Gingival massage with Sidr honey and Group C US only. On 30th day of trial all the patients were re-examined for all the clinical parameters. Results: Gingival massage with both interventions showed statistically significant improvement in plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing. In Group A and B highly, significant differences were observed in plaque index (<0.001), gingival index (<0.001) and bleeding on probing after gingival massage with interventions when compared with control group. However, when group A was compared to group B significant differences were observed in gingival index. Conclusion This clinical trial showed that gingival massage with both naturopath’s aloe-vera gel and sidr honey had significant effect in reducing plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing when used as adjuncts in patients with gingivitis. However, sidr honey gingival massage was more effective than aloe-vera gel in comparison to control group. Trial Registration no: ClinicalTrials.gov, under the protocol ID NCT05231096 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05231096).
... 20 This succulent plant thrives in arid and subtropical climates, such as India, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Europe, Mexico, and Central America. 21 Several potentially active bio-constituents from A. vera have been identified, including flavonoids, saccharides, polyphenols, anthraquinones, chromone, phytosterols, proteins, and trace minerals, 22 and majority of the components appear to be of biological significance in disease prevention and management. 23 The rich chemical composition of the plant is influenced by a variety of factors, including location, ripening stage, climatic conditions, harvest time, and harvesting method. ...
Article
Full-text available
Obesity is taking over many parts of the world and has been identified as the second leading cause of preventable death, with a dramatic increase in prevalence over the last two decades. Pancreatic lipase is a lipid‐digesting enzyme that plays an important role in fat metabolism. Inhibiting pancreatic lipase is an attractive target for obesity treatment. Phytochemicals or bioactive compounds/extracts isolated from medicinal plants offer a promising platform for the development of pancreatic lipase inhibitors. This study aims to characterize and investigate the effect of Aloenin A, glycoside found in Aloe vera as a possible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase in vitro and in silico. A. vera extract had an IC50 value of 0.5472 μg/ml, whereas Aloenin A had an IC50 value of 14.95 μg/ml and was found to inhibit in a competitive manner. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies, which revealed that Aloenin A bind to the substrate binding site with a binding energy of ‐7.16 kcal/mol, and this binding site is stabilised by three hydrogen bonds contributed by Phe77 and Asp79. Our findings suggest that the anti‐hyperlipidaemic effects of A.vera on pancreatic lipase can be attributed in part to the presence of Aloenin A. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Active ingredients like methylchromones, flavonoids, saponin, sterols, amino acids, and vitamins; enzymes like acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lactic dehydrogenase, and lipase, and various inorganic substances like aluminium, boron, barium, calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, phosphorous, silicon, and strontium make up the remaining 1-2 percent. Because of the porous nature of the demineralized enamel it facilitate the passage of those active ingredients into the enamel improving the remineralization (20,21) . ...
... Adverse events are listed in the table, when appropriate. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice emollient and antimicrobial agent; used to treat aphthous ulcers and to reduce the incidence of alveolar osteitis after third molar extraction surgeries 61 ; a mouthrinse containing A. vera was found to reduce gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding 62 and was more effective than Listerine ® in reducing the count of aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria 63 not found ...
Article
Full-text available
Dentistry as a profession should take into account the goals of sustainable development in daily practice and encourage the transition to a green economy. Consumers are becoming more conscious about the impact of self-care products, including toothpastes, on the environment. Organic toothpastes are considered very safe. A broad literature review was conducted to: (i) identify the ingredients in available organic toothpastes; (ii) classify them into active and inactive; and (iii) evaluate each ingredient's purpose and the adverse events that may be associated with its use. A comprehensive list of available organic toothpastes and their ingredients was compiled based on the products from the largest Italian organic supermarket chain (NaturaSì®) that is representative of the European market. Then, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify, classify and evaluate each ingredient. The final sample consisted of 46 organic toothpastes that included 156 ingredients; 139 (89.1%) and 17 (10.9%) were classified as active and inactive, respectively. Overall, 32 (20.5%) ingredients were associated with known adverse events. The results of this study indicate that organic toothpastes are highly biocompatible with oral cavity tissues. Careful product selection may help consumers avoid potential adverse effects that can be caused by ingredients such as polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol) and carbomers, detergent agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), and triclosan. The lack of clinical studies should encourage the development of sufficient evidence to provide consumers with recommendations for daily use, based on both efficacy and biocompatibility.
... Lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki beberapa manfaat diantaranya mengontrol infeksi jamur, menyembuhkan luka dan trauma kulit, untuk mengurangi rasa sakit pada lokasi trauma kulit, dan sebagai bahan obat obatan (8,9). Tanaman Lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) dilaporkan mengandung senyawa aktif seperti fenolat/polifenol, fitosterol, asam lemak, indol, alkane, pirimidin, alkaloid, aldehid, keton dan alkohol yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri (10). ...
Article
Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) mempunyai manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah optimasi formula sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan cara ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam 3 perbandingan yaitu 2,5% : 7,5%, 10% : 0%, 0% : 10%. Pembuatan sabun cair antibakteri dibuat dengan metode saponifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dihasilkan pada perbandingan 2,5% : 7,5% dengan aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat sebesar 19,23 mm. Kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya 2,5% : 7,5% dapat dibuat sediaan sabun cair antibakteri yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, pH 8, kadar alkali bebas 0,13%, bobot jenis 1,09 g/mL, stabilitas busa 87%, viskositas 160 cP, rheologi termasuk pseudoplastis tiksotropi, dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimum dengan kategori sangat kuat sebesar 26,6 mm
... [11]The antimicrobial effects of AloeVera has been attributed to the plant's anthraquinones: Aloeemodin, Aloein, , barbaloin Aloetic acid, chrysophanic acid, ethereal oil, anthracine, anthranol, ester of cinnamonic acid,resistannol andisobarbaloin. [12]Polyphenolic structures, which can repress protein union by bacterial cells have been seen in Aloein and Aloeemodin, in this way clarifying their antimicrobial action. This trademark may likewise clarify the calming action of Aloe Vera gel. ...
Article
Full-text available
The use of antibiotics has been increasing in the medical field for the control and cure of diseases butwith the increase in antibiotics there is an increasing resistance of antibiotics which has made us to think about various herbal remedies which have lesser or no side effects as compared to their counterpart in chemically manufactured products.Aim: To check the anti-bacterial effect of Aloe Vera gel at different concentrations against plaque and caries bacteria and to compare it with antibiotics (cefexime and ofloaxacin). Methodology:Plaque samples were collected early morning from inter-proximal sites of lower central incisors with sterile curettes including both supra-gingival and sub-gingival plaque.Clinical isolate were then grown in Brain-Heart Infusion broth and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C.Anti-microbial activity of the Aloe Vera Gel was tested by the disc diffusion method.Results:Among the various concentrations of Aloe Vera, the group with Aloe Vera extract at 100% concentration showed the best results but the antibacterial efficancy was lower as considered with cefexime and ofloaxacin. Conclusion:It can be concluded that AloeVera gel can be used as an anti-bacterial agent to prevent and treat some oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, at higher concentration.
... The beneficial effects of AV and of BC on wound care have been suggested by some preclinical studies [41,67,68]. Their effects on mucocutaneous issues such as pain reduction, wound healing acceleration, stomatitis healing, and QoL improvement are well known [42,43,51,52]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Oral mucositis is one of the worst effects of the conditioning regimens given to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is characterized by dry mouth, erythema, mucosal soreness, ulcers, and pain, and it may impact patient outcomes. Bovine colostrum and Aloe vera contain a wide variety of biologically active compounds that promote mucosal healing. A non-randomized phase II study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a combined bovine colostrum and Aloe vera oral care protocol to prevent and to treat severe oral mucositis in transplant patients. Two commercially available products were given to patients in addition to the standard protocol: Remargin Colostrum OS® mouthwash and Remargin Colostrum Gastro-Gel® taken orally. Forty-six (78.0%) patients experienced oral mucositis, 40 (67.8%) developed mild–moderate forms, and 6 (10.2%) severe ones. Comparing the study group’s outcomes with those of a homogeneous historical control group, severe oral mucositis decreased significantly (10.2% vs. 28.4%; P < 0.01), as did its duration (0.5 ± 1.9 vs. 1.5 ± 3.0 days; P < 0.01). Febrile neutropenia episodes (69.5% vs. 95.1%; P < 0.01) and duration (4.0 ± 4.7 vs. 6.2 ± 4.5 days; P < 0.01) also decreased. These findings show that the experimental protocol seems effective in preventing severe forms of oral mucositis. However, a randomized controlled trial is necessary to confirm this.
... Aloe vera is a plant of the Liliaceae family, barbadensis Mill [18]. In addition to treating wounds and burns, aloe vera is used to treat lung cancer and digestive difficulties, boost HDL cholesterol while lowering bad cholesterol, reduce blood sugar in diabetics, battle AIDS and allergies, and strengthen the immune system [19][20][21][22]. A large number of nutrients and bioactive compounds are found in Aloe vera, which are responsible for the plant's medicinal benefits. ...
Article
Full-text available
This paper investigates the use of A. vera extract as a natural capping agent for TiO2 nanoparticles as well as a reducing agent for TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) were used to characterize the material. In their X-ray diffraction patterns, the titanium dioxide nanoparticles were found to have a high degree of crystallinity, indicating that they were synthesized. Infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to determine the chemical composition of the plant extract. The DRS spectra in the UV-visible range reveal a high absorption peak at 356 nm, which indicates the existence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the sample. Shape of nanoparticles was revealed by SEM and TEM morphological investigations, which revealed their irregular and somewhat spherical nature. Only titanium and oxygen compounds were found in the EDX spectrum, indicating that they were present. This demonstrates that the NPs that were produced are devoid of contaminants. Using the produced nanoparticles as catalyst, we presented a photocatalytic degradation method for the dye methylene blue in this paper. The findings showed that 94 percent of the damage occurred within 120 minutes of being exposed to UV radiation.
... Streptococcus pyogens Enterococcus faecalis The combination of zinc oxide powder and aloe vera gel has been found in clinical and radiological studies to be an effective therapy for primary teeth Athiban et al. (2012), Khairwa et al. (2014), Wynn (2005) Azadirachta aindica (Neem) Basile et al. (1990), Stamatis et al. (2003) Curcuma longa (Turmeric) ...
Article
Objective: Herbal therapies are utilized to treat a broad diversity of medical complaints all over the globe. Although no clinical studies have been conducted to demonstrate the antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiplaque characteristics of these plants, this does not imply that they are ineffectual as periodontal treatments or anti-cariogenic drugs. However, there is a scarcity of research confirming their efficacy and worth. Subject: Herbs are utilized in dentistry as antimicrobial, antineoplastic, antiseptic, antioxidant, and analgesics agents as well as for the elimination of bad breath. In addition, the application of herbal agents in tissue engineering improved the regeneration of oral and dental tissues. This study reviews the application of medicinal herbs for the treatment of dental and oral diseases in different aspects. Methods: This article focuses on current developments in the use of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in oral and dental health. An extensive literature review was conducted via an Internet database, mostly PubMed. The articles included full-text publications written in English without any restrictions on a date. Conclusion: Plants have been suggested, as an alternate remedy for oral-dental problems, and this vocation needs long-term dependability. More research on herbal medicine potential as pharmaceutical sources and/or therapies is needed.
... The parenchymal tissue makes up the inner portion of the aloe leaves and produces a clear, thin tasteless jelly-like material called Aloe vera gel. (Wynn, 2005) Vitamins include Vit A which is necessary for integrity of epithelial cells, Vit C which helps in connective tissue regeneration (collagen synthesis), and Vit E which is an antioxidant and neutralises free radicals by donating one of their electrons, ending the electron stealing reaction. The antioxidant nutrient, however, does not become a free radical by donating an electron because they are stable in either form. ...
Article
Full-text available
The periodontal diseases are among the mos Various chemotherapeu has increased recently. to be most promising and high reduction of plaque, gingivitis and periodontitis was mouth study. Ten patients least in one site are included. On along with scaling and root planing, pure aloe vera index and plaque index were significant improvement in the pocket depth a groups. The results chronic periodontitis part of the preventive and therapeutic treatments.
... The parenchymal tissue forms the inner portion of the leaves of the aloe and contains a transparent, thin, jelly-like substance called Aloe vera gel. 15 In recent years, in the form of aloe vera gel, numerous cosmetic and medicinal items have been made from the mucilaginous tissue found in the center of the Aloe vera leaf.Aloe vera is an ancient medicinal plant found in India. 16 A contains more than 100 active constituents. ...
Article
Full-text available
A new approach towards the treatment of oral wounds is seen emerging by the use of plant or herbal extracts on the wounds. Plant or herbal extracts has potential to heal intraoral and extraoral wounds. These have been used for several thousand years in traditional medicine. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as many as 80 per cent of people worldwide rely on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Amongst all the plant extracts, aloe vera is widely used globally. Their healing properties have now been used in both medical and dental fields. Materials and Methods: Our data included 17 relevant articles which included studies 11 human studies and 6 animal studies. The source of these articles was Pub Med, Science direct and Directory of open access journalssearch done with the following terms: AloeVera,wound Healing,Plant Extracts,Oral Lesions and Oral ulcers. All the relevant articles and their references were analysed by two investigator’s. Results: After reviewing the literature, researchers found that aloe vera can be used as healers for oral wounds, lesions or ulcers. They are widely used in treatment of oral lichen planus. Conclusion: The scoping review presents better understanding for use of herbal extract of aloe vera as healers of oral wound, lesions and ulcers. Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-septic properties.From the present review it revealed that there few Randomized controlled trial states that aloe vera as mouthwashes had no significant difference.
... It is also found to be effective against Streptococcus pyogenes (George et al., 2009). The antimicrobial effects of aloe vera have been suggested to be due to its constituents shown in Fig. 2.19 (Atherton, 1997;Sureshchandra and Kumar, 2011;Wynn, 2005). It has been suggested that the paste containing aloe vera enables diffusion of hydroxyl ions through dentinal tubules (Batista et al., 2014). ...
Chapter
Intracanal medicaments are recommended to supplement chemomechanical preparation to enhance disinfection. Calcium hydroxide is the most widely used intracanal medicament for this purpose. However, innovation in material sciences has led to exponential growth in the field of endodontics. Many of these newly developed formulations, including specific new synthetic and herbal medicaments, have shown promising results. Few of them have already been commercialized. However, for the majority of them to be commercialized and used on a regular basis, large sample clinical trials with extended follow-up are required. Furthermore, the exact dose, treatment time, form of dispensation, and ideal vehicle for delivery are yet to be experimented and patented. On the other hand, currently, there are highly developed medicaments available that are being widely used and serve the purpose well. This chapter highlights the conventional, new, and developing intracanal medicaments and their methods of placement and removal.
... Moreover, this study reported that the antimicrobial effects of commercial toothpaste were due to the fluoride in their formulation. Although A. vera dentifrice has no fluoride, it has antibacterial effects against different organisms due to its active compounds, which are equal (37). Furthermore, A. vera inhibits the formation and accumulation of plaques and the growth of micro-organisms; thus, it is ideal for treating gingivitis and oral infections (1). ...
Article
Full-text available
Context: Tooth brushing is a primary method to prevent the onset of oral diseases. Aloe vera is commonly used in dentistry as an herbal alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial actions; recently, it has been used in toothpaste formulations as an active agent. This review aimed to investigate the clinical effects of A. vera as an active ingredient in toothpaste formulations. Materials and Methods: The data used in this review was extracted from articles published until 2020. We searched official databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct, using the “Aloe vera”, “dentifrice”, and “toothpaste” keywords. After screening titles and abstracts, relevant studies were used for full-text review. Results: Although conflicting results have been reported on the usage of A. vera toothpaste in different studies, the majority of findings suggest that A. vera effectively reduces periodontal indices and removes different organisms, including Streptococcus mutans. However, the overall effects of this herbal toothpaste were found to be equal to those of other commercial toothpaste. Conclusions: Aloe vera toothpaste is as beneficial as other kinds of toothpaste. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct agent in toothpaste due to its established effects on improving periodontal problems and reducing different oral cavity micro-organisms.
... Diş çürüğü ve periodontal hastalıkların tedavisi, aftöz ülserler, glossitis, coğrafik dil, kandidiyazis, vezikülobüllöz hastalıklar, halitozis (Wynn, 2005). ...
... It can also be used as a cavity disinfectant [15]. Aloe Vera also shows antimicrobial activity against streptococcus mutants which causes caries [16] The main chemical constituents of Aloevera is alloins and barbadoins and the bactericidal activity is because of anthroquinone [17,18]. ...
... The reducing sugars were higher in TY2, while total proteins measured relatively high in TY4 cultures (Fig 2). These above lignin, carotenoids, lectin, saponins etc (Abreu et al., 2012;Coman et al., 2012;Radha and Laxmipriya, 2015;Wynn, 2005). It could be adoptive and helpful in the induction of the biosynthesis of specific compounds as well as their respective enzymes (Udatha et al., 2012). ...
Article
Full-text available
In present investigation, extracts of aloe vera plant organs incorporated into the TY-growth media and its effects on submerged Escherichia coli (E. coli) k1 fermentation are studied. The 18-hours cultures maintained with extracts of different aloe vera fresh organs (12.5%, v/v) in TY0 (1% Bacto-trypton, 0.5% NaCl, 0.5% yeast extract), TY1 (⅛ TY0), TY2 (TY1 + leaf-peel extract), TY3 (TY1 + root extract) and TY4 (TY1 + leaf-gel extract) medium. The cell multiplication observed high in leaf peel extract base TY2 cultures. Among the fermented biochemical analysis, maximum reducing sugars observed in TY4 than other medium (p ≥ 0.05), while flavonoids in TY3 medium non-signifiantly. The total phenolics noted higher in both TY3 and TY4 medium. Similarly hydrolytic enzymes have shown differential activities among the different cultures like as amylases activity in TY2 (gel), xylanases in TY4 (root) and lipases in TY3 (peel) medium measured significantly high. Overall, it is concluded that aloe vera is the best fermentation substrate for the production of various extra-cellular enzymes and essential substances. Even aloe vera is anti-bacterial agent, while its variant concentration in the fermentation medium has differential impacts on the propagation of microorganisms .
... There are above 550 species of aloe that are grown around the world. However, only two species are grown today commercially, with Aloe arborescens Miller and Aloe barbadensis Miller being the most popular (Wynn 2005). The Aloe vera plant today is used in dermatology for numerous purposes (Itrat and Zarnigar 2013). ...
Chapter
Full-text available
The pharmacological treatments of diabetes are costly and therefore necessitate the mutual usage of alternate medications. Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) is a medicinal plant which has got varied beneficial applications. Even though some researchers have claimed that the polysaccharides in the leaf gel are the sole constituents and regulators for most of the metabolic activities of this plant, it appears a discouraging task to associate the distinct polysaccharides to particular healing activities. The antidiabetic and hypoglycemic properties of Aloe vera are partially mediated via its strong antioxidant effect. Aloe vera treatment is known to lower the blood glucose level through its capability of enhancing the sensitivity towards insulin. Accordingly, there is an increase in the peripheral uptake of glucose, combined with reduction in the amount of hepatic glucose produced. Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) is also a hypoglycemic plant which is typically used by diabetic patients and healthy people as well. Ample medical examinations have been recognized in the hypoglycemic properties of Momordica charantia by means of numerous proposed pathways. There is an abundant data on the biochemical and animal model experiments envisioning the antidiabetic properties of M. charantia. Momordica charantia along with its other extracts and components is thought to possess hypoglycemic properties through diverse biological, pharmacological, as well as biochemical means, like peripheral muscular glucose utilization, checking glucose absorption in intestinal cells, gluconeogenic enzyme inactivation, activation of pentose phosphate pathway, and safeguarding the pancreatic β cells.
... There are above 550 species of aloe that are grown around the world. However, only two species are grown today commercially, with Aloe arborescens Miller and Aloe barbadensis Miller being the most popular (Wynn 2005). The Aloe vera plant today is used in dermatology for numerous purposes (Itrat and Zarnigar 2013). ...
... Aloe vera L. (Liliaceae) is a semi tropical plant that has been used for the treatment of different types of human diseases (Mccouley, 1990;Shellon,1996;Davis and Robson, 1999). Aloe Vera can be found in Mexico, the Pacific Rim countries, India, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Australia and Africa (Wynn, 2005). It is related to other members of the Lily family such as onion and garlic. ...
Article
Full-text available
Aloe vera a herbal medicine called as "the plant of immortality " by Egyptians. It has various medicinal properties like it helps in diabetes, hypertension etc. Ethanolic extracts of plant Aloe vera gel extract was investigated. A small portion of the ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera was subjected to the phytochemical test to test for the presence of alkaloids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and Anthraquionones. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, glycosides, Xanthoproteins, glycosides, steroids, phenols,etc. The present study provides facts that ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera contains medicinally important bioactive phytochemical compounds which justifies the use of plant species as conventional medicine for treatment of many diseases. Thus, from the present study the plant leaf extracts of Aloe vera showed an abundant Phytochemicals as secondary metabolites and they can be used in the pharmaceutical industries for producing a potent drug. The studies result of the above plant gives a basis of its use in traditional medicine to manage ailment and disorders.
... Studies have shown that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera are effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms (13)(14)(15). The internal mucosal mass of Aloe vera contains anthraquinone, which can be a factor in the antimicrobial properties of this plant (16). Agari et al. showed that extracts from internal jelly and leaves of Aloe vera have a good antimicrobial effect on clinical bacteria (13). ...
Article
Full-text available
Antimicrobial agents are used as intra-canal drugs or canal cleaners for complete dental root canal cleaning. This new study attempts to compare the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine and combination of honey and Aloe vera extract (H-Av mixture) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) which are the most important pathogens isolated from infectious root canals. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212™) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™) were cultured in the tryptic soy broth medium. Dilution of H-Av mixture by the method of macrodilution to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was investigated. In this paper agar well diffusion and colony count methods were also used to ensure the accuracy of the results. The results were statistically analyzed by student’s t-test. The significant level established at 5% (P<0.05). The results of the methods of macrodilution, colony count and Agar well diffusion confirm the inhibitory effect of H-Av mixture on E.coli and E. fecalis. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine and 25% H-Av mixture (P>0.05) Increasing drug resistance to antimicrobial compounds needs to study of new drugs against pathogens. H-Av mixture with benefits such as availability, good taste and easier use than chlorhexidine, and fewer side effects can be a good option for intracanal irrigation after clinical trials.
... Davis et al. noted that Aloe vera gel improved wound healing by increasing blood supply (angiogenesis), which in turn increased oxygenation [10]. Streptoccocus pyogenes and Streptococcus faecalis are two microorganisms that have been inhibited by aloe vera gel and processed aloe vera gel preparation reportedly inhibited the growth of Candida albicans [11]. Clinical significance in dentistry: Due to its soothing and healing properties, Aloe vera has a great potential to reduce the swelling and instances of gum bleeding, alleviates gum irritation like gum sores (ulcer), improves the periodontal condition and can be used as a local drug delivery system in periodontal pockets [12]. ...
Article
There has been a change in thinking of the people across the world with a growing tendency towards-GO NATURAL‖ especially in the field of health sciences. Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of health-care and longevity and should be considered as an alternative by integrating it with the modern dentistry. The present review aims to discuss various Ayurvedic plants and their significance in dentistry. Along with the PUBMED, MEDLINE, Medknow indexed journals, peer-reviewed and non-indexed journals were also reviewed using aloe vera, turmeric, honey, licorice, triphala and oral health as the keywords. The incorporation of Ayurveda into modern oral health-care practices will make dentistry much safer, affordable and more accessible for the lower socioeconomic groups in society.
... Aleo vera Analgesic, anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, antioxidant, immune modulating, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory periodontal surgery, toothpick injuries, chemical burns, aphthous ulcers, gum abscesses, dry socket, lichen planus, benign pemphigus and gingival problems associated with AIDS, leukemia, migratory glossitis, geographic tongue and burning mouth syndrome, denture sore mouth, candidiasis, desquamative gingivitis, vesiculobullous diseases, acute monocytic leukemia, xerostomia [18]. ...
... It is clear that many of the tested materials were found not active against the bacteria as aloe vera or aloe vera/CH. In a study by Wynn, aloe vera gel showed inhibitory effects on E. faecalis because of its anthraquinine components (30) and its bactericidal activity is found to be less than that of CH (31). ...
Article
Full-text available
Calcium Hydroxide (CH) is commonly employed as intracanal medicament in endodontics. In order to maximize its therapeutic effects, it is essential to develop new approaches for preparing the controlled drug release systems which, in turn, facilities the dissociation of CH into calcium and hydroxyl ions. This work studies the sustained-controlled release of calcium ions and the effect of pH changes on the different formulation of CH with hydrophilic natural polymers over a period of 30 days. Various formulations were prepared by combining CH with gelatin, aloe vera and gum tragacanth. Root canals of 60 human teeth were instrumented and filled with a different formulation of CH and suspended in plastic tubes containing distilled water. Three formulas of polymer/CH were evaluated, and pure CH powder was used as a control. At specific time intervals, the calcium ions release and the pH changes of the medium in different formulations were analyzed. The main interactions between the studied polymers and CH were investigated using FTIR spectra. The antibacterial activity of formulations against Enterococcus faecalis was also studied. Faster release of CH was observed for aloe vera/CH. Gum tragacanth/CH showed a slow-release during the first 15 days. In contrast, only Gelatin/CH formulation showed a prolonged release with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The pure CH showed significantly higher pH values than the other formulations. The Gelatin/CH formulation was a better sustained-release system than the pure CH, and it can be used as a promising vehicle for CH in the root canal treatment.
... Its constituents like Aloe emodin, aloetic acid, aloin, anthracine, anthranol, barbaloin, chrysophanic acid, ethereal oil, ester of cinnamonic acid, isobarbaloin and resistannol are responsible for its anti microbial action. [87,88] concluded that aloe vera gel has shown successful outcome in patients with oral lichen planus. [90] ...
Article
Full-text available
Ayurveda is about 3000 years old and is increasingly becoming popular. It is a holistic treatment modality which has been successfully used to cure various oral and systemic diseases. The role of Ayurveda and its beneficial effects have also been extensively seen in the maintenance of oral health. Numerous Ayurvedic herbs have been listed in different manuscripts along with their beneficial effects. The present review focuses on various Ayurvedic herbs used in dentistry with their promising effects on oral cavity i.e., strengthening the gingival and periodontal health, preventing tooth decay, eliminating halitosis and in management of various oral mucosal lesions. The numerous beneficial effects of these phytochemicals have been listed in detail. However, many of these Ayurvedic herbs are still under study and their beneficial roles are yet to be stated.
Article
Background Local delivery of antibacterial agents into periodontal pockets provides a multitude of benefits over systemic antimicrobials resulting in the increased preference for such use among periodontal health-care providers. Aim The study aims to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of adjunctive use of the herbal extract “aloe vera gel” (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) along with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods This prospective, single-blind randomized split-mouth clinical trial was done among 22 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters and mean log counts of porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction were recorded. SRP was performed both at control and test sites. The evaluation of clinical and microbiological parameters was done at baseline and 3 months’ post-intervention. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.20 software. Results While significant improvement in both clinical and microbiological parameters from baseline to three months was observed in both the test and control sites, the mean reduction in plaque index, periodontal pocket depth, and mean log colony-forming unit counts of P. gingivalis were significantly higher in the test sites compared to the control sites. Conclusion The results of this study reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis that adjunctive application of locally delivered aloe vera gel for the treatment of chronic periodontitis enhances the beneficial effects of mechanical therapy.
Article
Aim: This study is to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Triclosan and Aloe Vera dentifrices in reducing the contamination of toothbrush bristles by a standard strain of E.coli after brushing. Settings and Design: Methods and Material: Nine Toothbrushes were divided, randomly, into 3 brushing groups, with 3 toothbrushes in each group (i.e) no dentifrice, dentifrice containing Aloe vera (Danthkanthi(R)) and dentifrice containing Triclosan (Colgate total(R)) An initial culture was made with the standard strain of E.coli(ATGC 25922) in a nutrient broth which was incubated. The dentifrices were distributed over the bristles with the tip cut from its handle and brushing was performed for 1 min on autoclaved teeth. The trimmed bristles of each toothbrush were stored in individual test tubes which were kept incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. Streaking was done in Nutrient Agar medium kept incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The number of colony forming units was manually counted. Results: The number colony forming units is highest in the control group and the least in Triclosan containing dentifrice. Conclusions: It can be concluded that both Aloe vera and Triclosan can be used as dentifrices that help reduce E.coli count on toothbrushes.
Chapter
An essential category of the biological resources of Africa are plants with nutritional and therapeutic properties and they are common all over Africa. Folk remedies are relied on by almost 80% of people in underdeveloped and developing nations because of their indigenous knowledge, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Aloe barbadensis Miller, generally known as Aloe vera, is one of more than 400 species of Aloe belonging to the Liliaceae family that originated in Africa, but is considered native to arid subtropical and tropical regions of the world. More than 200 distinct biologically active compounds have been found in the plant and most of them possess one biological activity or the other. Also, more than a hundred different nutrients and beneficial chemicals make up the leaf gel's interior composition. This chapter discusses the occurrence and botanical description, processing, chemistry, historical use, options for domestication, technologies for the production of high-value therapeutics potentials, medicinal uses, and safety, toxicity, and conservation strategies of the Aloe barbadensis.Keywords Aloe barbadensis Therapeutic potentialSafetyToxicityMedicinal usesChemistryCultivationConservation strategies
Article
Full-text available
fonksiyonel tıp: Cilt hastalıkları Ürolojik hastalıklar
Book
Full-text available
Functional medicine
Article
Full-text available
Finding more efficient agents with fewer side effects for the treatment of burns has been a concern for researchers. The current study aims to assess Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. and Vitis vinifera L. extract combination (AVEC) effects on wound healing in rats compared with silver sulfadiazine (SSD). Identification of individual polyphenols of the plant extracts was performed by HPLC. The animals were randomly divided into twelve groups. Standard second degree burn wounds were induced on the back. Groups were treated with Aloe vera (A.V) and Vitis vinifera (V.V) creams at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% with ED 50 values of 1.5 ± 0.02 and 1.4 ± 0.08 %, respectively. The other group was treated with an AVEC cream (1.5%). The samples of burned skin tissue were collected from the rats for histopathological examination. To evaluate the expression of VEGF and TGFβ1, the real time-PCR method was used. Kaempferol was only detected in Aloe. This study revealed that AVEC cream exhibits significant wound healing activity. VEGF and TGFβ1 had a significant increase in the AVEC. Based on our findings, AVEC cream can be a therapy of choice for burn injuries.
Article
Full-text available
An additional therapeutic method for the treatment of various oral diseases is Phytotherapy, General health and immunity is enhanced by Phytotherapy. Herbs and their extracts has antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim of this review is to offer a basic overview of usage of herbal species in treatment of periodontitis. Besides routine treatment for periodontitis, the surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy, the right combination of herbal plants and their extracts can improve the standard therapeutic procedure in patients with gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Article
The beneficial effects of Aloe vera extract have been examined experimentally. In order to ascertain the distribution of the chemical constituents present in Aloe vera that may exhibit these beneficial effects, a complete chemical analysis was first performed. Inorganic substances (eg, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus) along with organic compounds (eg, glucose, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and salicylic acid) were found to be present. Trace metal analysis revealed that magnesium and zinc were also present. The bactericidal effects of the extract were also examined. Concentrations as low as 60% were found to be bactericidal against nine of the 12 species of organisms tested. These were Citrobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus agalactiae, and Candida albicans. The remaining three species, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis, all exhibited some resistance to the 60% concentration. However, all of these were susceptible to concentrations of 80% and 90%. A cream base containing 70% o/Aloe vera extract was found to be most effective in preserving the dermal microcirculation after thermal injury. This compound was demonstrated to inhibit some of the products of arachidonic acid metabolism such as thromboxane B, and to limit the production of prostaglandin F/x, thus preventing progressive dermal ischemia. These experimental data clearly show that the effects elicited by the Aloe vera extract are truly beneficial in a burn wound (C)1982The American Burn Association
Article
Substances extracted from the leaves of aloe plants have been reported to have antiviral effects against enveloped viruses in in vitro test systems. In the present studies, we have assessed the antiviral activity of partially purified extracts prepared from the gel portion of leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) by plaque inhibition tests (PIT), flow cytometry and morphometry assays. Six test extracts of gel filet portions of aloe leaves were prepared; i.e. R1 from immature leaves harvested in the early summer, S1 from mature leaves harvested in the autumn, F1 from S1 after freezing at −20°C, and R2, S2 and F2 which were ethanol treated extracts of R1, S1 and F1, respectively. When test aloe extracts were added at various concentrations during the course of infection with CMV, R1, S1 and F2 at concentrations of 10−1 inhibited plaque formation. The addition of S1 to the medium between 12 and 36 h after initiation of CMV infection, a time of high DNA synthesis, caused the most effective plaque inhibition. Flow cytometric and morphometric analyses revealed no significant differences in aloe extract treated, CMV infected cells compared with non-aloe treated CMV infected control cells. The results suggest that a major mechanism of inhibition of CMV infection by aloe extracts is through interference with DNA synthesis.
Article
A carboxypeptidase was partially purified from Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger on a scale suitable for pharmacological studies. The enzyme was most active and stable at pH 5.0. The enzyme had a broad specificity against various synthetic peptides, being capable of splitting C-terminal proline. Its activity was inhibited almost completely by diisopropylfluorophosphate, strongly by transition metals, such as Fe3+, Hg2+ and Cu2+, and moderately by sulphydryl reagents. These results indicate that Aloe enzyme is a serine carboxypeptidase and appears to contain a sulphydryl group that may be involved in its inactivation.
Article
The effects of topical antibacterials were studied in an acute wound healing model. Sprague-Dawley rats after appropriate anaesthesia received four 1.5 cm2 dorsal defects through the skin and panniculus carnosus. Skin defects were treated for 14 days with 2% mupirocin ointment, 1% clindamycin cream, 1% silver sulfadiazine cream + Aloe vera gel, and silver sulfadiazine combined with Aloe gel. An untreated group served as controls. Each group was comprised of 10 animals each to achieve statistical significance. Wound closure rate was assessed by serial planimetry. Following healing, the breaking strength of each resultant scar was determined. Wound half-lives and overall healing rates were calculated by regressing the log of the areas of all wounds over time. Overall healing rates of all the treated groups were significantly different compared with control group (p<0.05). The Aloe group had the shortest half-life and healed faster than the control group. All the other treated groups had no longer half-lives when compared with the control group. While silver sulfadiazine + Aloe increased the breaking strength of the healed wound, Aloe alone did not, but demonstrated an increase over the control. Topical Aloe significantly enhances the rate of wound healing and when combined with silver sulfadiazine reverses the wound retardant effect observed with silver sulfadiazine. Clindamycin and mupirocin significantly delay wound closure. However mupirocin enhanced the breaking strength of the wound.
Article
The therapeutic effects of Aloe vera have been examined in preventing progressive dermal ischaemia caused by burns, frostbite, electrical injury, distal dying flap and intra-arterial drug abuse. In vivo analysis of these injuries showed that the mediator of progressive tissue damage was thromboxane A2 (TxA2). Experimentally Aloe was compared to a variety of antithromboxane agents to include U38450, a lodoxamide, a lazaroid and Carrington wound gel. In the burn injury Aloe was comparable to the lodoxamide and lazaroid with an 82% to 85% tissue survival when compared with the control and the Carrington wound gel (p=0.05). Tissue survival in the experimental frostbite injury was 28.2% when compared with the control (p=0.05). Similar results were obtained for the electrical injury, and intra-arterial drug abuse. Clinically burn patients treated with Aloe healed without tissue loss as did those with frostbite (p=0.001). In the intra-arterial drug abuse patients Aloe reversed the tissue necrosis. This therapeutic approach was used to prevent progressive tissue loss in each injury by actively inhibiting the localized production of TxA2. Aloe not only acts as a TxA2 inhibitor but maintains a homeostasis within the vascular endothelium as well as the surrounding tissue.
Article
The angiogenic activity ofAloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), known as a good healing plant, was investigated. We have extracted and fractionated dichloromethane extract (G1M1D1) and methanol soluble fraction of dichloromethane extract (G1M1D1M1) which contain low-molecular weight substances ofAloe vera gel. G1M1D1 and G1M1D1M1 fractions induced a radially arranged, spoke-wheel-like vasculature in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The angiogenic activity was dose-dependent and the angiogenic pattern in the CAM assay was very similar to that of phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) used as a positive contol. The modified CAM assay, a simple and accurate quantitating method, was used to quantitate the angiogenic activity of G1M1D1M1 fraction. Application of G1M1D1M1 fraction (100 μg/egg) resulted in much more intense angiogenesis than in contol while slightly less intense angiogenesis than in PMA (100 ng/egg).
Article
The authors' previous work on a 50% ethanol extract of Aloe vera was done to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity using the croton oil-induced ear swelling assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was found in the supernatant fraction. The supernatant fraction decreased inflammation, when applied topically, by 29.2%, and the precipitate decreased inflammation by 12.1%. However, in the present work, the precipitate fraction decreased the wound diameter by an average of 47.1% (stimulatory system). Little or no wound healing activity was found in the supernatant. Aloe vera appears to act as a modulatory system toward wounds and inflammation and is a potentially valuable tool for managing lower extremity conditions.
Article
To determine the extent of antiviral activity present in a number of plant extracts, hot glycerin extracts were prepared from Rheum officinale, Aloe barbadensis, Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnus purshianus, and Cassia angustifolia and their virucidal effects were tested against herpes simplex virus type 1. All the plant extracts inactivated the virus. The active components in these plants were separated by thin-layer chromatography and identified as anthraquinones. A purified sample of aloe emodin was prepared from aloin, and its effects on the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, varicella-zoster virus, pseudorabies virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus were tested by mixing virus with dilutions of aloe emodin for 15 min at 37 degrees C, immediately diluting the sample, and assaying the amount of infectious virus remaining in the sample. The results showed that aloe emodin inactivated all of the viruses tested except adenovirus and rhinovirus. Electron microscopic examination of anthraquinone-treated herpes simplex virus demonstrated that the envelopes were partially disrupted. These results show that anthraquinones extracted from a variety of plants are directly virucidal to enveloped viruses.
Article
Article
The authors have evaluated the spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity of A. vera in a number of models of inflammation in the hind paw of the experimental rat induced by kaolin, carrageenan, albumin, dextran, gelatin, and mustard. Croton oil was used in a topical model of inflammation to determine the oral activity and time-dependent dosing of A. vera. The authors found that A. vera was active in all models of inflammation. Of the various irritants tested, A. vera was especially active against gelatin-induced and kaolin-induced edema and, in contrast, had minimal activity when tested against dextran-induced edema. Oral activity of A. vera was demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of anthraquinones. The various irritant-induced edema models provided a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity for A. vera.
Article
Adherence through carbohydrate-binding adhesins is an early step in colonization of the lung by gram-negative organisms, and because published data indicate that binding involves mannose groups, we tested the ability of a β-linked acetylmannan (acemannan) to inhibit adherence of Pseudomonus aeruginosa to cultures of human lung epithelial cells. Adherence of radiolabelled P.aeruginosa to A549 cells (a type II-like pneurnocyte line) increased linearly with the duration of the incubation. Acemannan inhibited adherence of bacteria, and the extent of inhibition was related to the concentration of the mannan. Inhibition required continued contact between acemannan and the target epithelial cells; cells washed free of acemannan no longer discouraged bacterial binding. Comparison of binding between seven strains of P.aeruginosa indicated that fewer mucoid than non-mucoid bacteria adhered, but binding of either phenotype was inhibited by acemannan. Mannose methyl α-D-mannopyranoside, methyl β-D-mannopyrannoside and dextran did not affect adherence of any of the non-mucoid strains. Mannose inhibited adherence by one mucoid strain, but not the other, indicating differences between strains of the same phenotype. Since prior treatment of epithelial cells with concanavalin A did not affect acemannan-induced inhibition of bacterial adherence, we concluded that the inhibitory effect of acemannan probably does not involve mannose-containing receptors.
Article
Aloe vera improves wound healing and inhibits inflammation. Since mannose-6-phosphate is the major sugar in the Aloe gel, the authors examined the possibility of its being an active growth substance. Mice receiving 300 mg/kg of mannose-6-phosphate had improved wound healing over saline controls. This dose also had anti-inflammatory activity. The function of mannose-6-phosphate in A. vera is discussed.
Article
Fractions of leaf gel from Aloe barbadensis Mill. were prepared by gel permeation using DEAE Sephadex A-25, Sepharose 6B, and Sephadex G-50 columns. These were then tested by in vitro assays for proliferation of human normal dermal and baby hamster kidney cells. The glycoprotein fraction promoted cell growth, while the neutral polysaccharide fraction did not show any growth stimulation. Moreover, the polar-colored glycoprotein fraction strongly inhibited the in vitro assays. An active glycoprotein fraction (protein 82%, carbohydrate 11%) examined on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and SDS-PAGE showed a single band. Its molecular weight was 29 kD on a Sephadex G-50 column and its isoelectric point was pH 6.8. Immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE showed that the glycoprotein was composed of two subunits (14 kD). Deglycosylation of glycoprotein (Pg21-2b fraction) by trifluoromethanesulphonic acid provided a protein band with a molecular weight of 13 kD on SDS-PAGE. The colored glycoprotein fraction was shown on SDS-PAGE to be a mixture with a molecular weight of 18 kD-15 kD. It was later hydrolyzed with 10% H2SO4 to produce phenolic substances.
Article
Recent evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that topical antimicrobials may be toxic to fibroblasts and keratinocytes and retard wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Aloe, a potential wound-healing agent, on wound contraction in excisional wounds treated with topical antimicrobials. Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with four 1.5 cm2 dorsal defects through the skin and panniculus. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): (1) Aloe, (2) NaOCl solution (0.025%), (3) mafenide acetate, (4) mafenide acetate + Aloe, and (5) control. Wounds were treated topically for 14 days 3 times a day. Serial standard photographs and serial wound planimetry were performed weekly. Following healing, the breaking strength of each resultant scar was determined using an Instron tensiometer. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, and multiple comparison methods were used for data analysis. Aloe and NaOCl solution significantly accelerated wound contraction (p < 0.05). In the mafenide acetate + Aloe group, contraction was similar to the control, whereas the mafenide acetate alone retarded wound healing. The addition of Aloe in combination and alone in wounds increased the breaking energy when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Aloe appears to expedite wound contraction and neutralize the wound retardant effect seen with the topical mafenide acetate alone. This effect appears to be due to an increased collagen activity, which is enhanced by a lectin, consequently improving the collagen matrix and enhancing the breaking strength.
Article
Acemannan, a complex mannose carbohydrate derived from the aloe vera plant, has an inherent stickiness/viscosity. Prototype Acemannan denture adhesive formulations were evaluated for pH changes, cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblasts and adhesive strength in both dry and wet conditions. The denture adhesive formulations consisted of five combinations of Acemannan with varying concentrations of preservatives and two other formulations without preservatives. The pH of each formulation was measured over 24 hours. Assessment of cytotoxicity was accomplished using the in vitro, tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay on cultures of human gingival fibroblasts after exposure to the adhesive formulations for up to 24 hours. The adhesive strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine under initial dry conditions and after immersion in a constant-temperature water bath for up to 20 minutes. Formulations 1 and 2 achieved and maintained pH values above 6.0 (the critical pH for hydroxyapatite dissolution) approximately 6 hours into the study. None of the prototypes demonstrated an initial pH above the critical pH. Formulations 1, 2, 3, and 5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblasts over 24 hours. Formulations 4, 20:1, and 150:1 demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity. Formulation 1 exhibited the poorest adhesive strength, while the most viscous formulation (prototype 150:1) was by far the best performer. Generally, adhesive bond strengths for all prototypes were quite high and relatively stable over time in a wet environment. To achieve the ideal adhesive in terms of strength, pH, and cytotoxicity, Acemannan formulation 150:1 should be adjusted to contain the preservative concentration of formulation 4 and have an initial pH value of 6.0 or higher.
Article
This research protocol was designed to test the effectiveness of a gel containing silicon dioxide, aloe vera, and allantoin in the healing of recurrent aphthous ulcers. The subjects were patients with histories of developing multiple ulcers on the oral mucosa during a 3-to-4-month period. The parameters used to evaluate healing were number of lesions during a 3-to-4-month period, length of the interval between ulcers, size of ulcers, and pain from ulcers. An approach was used in which data were accumulated from diaries maintained by the subjects throughout the study intervals. Because 3 active substances were present in the gel, a preliminary study (study I) was performed to indicate the effect of each active substance and each combination. In this phase, different combinations of the substances were compared with the use of the 2(3) factorial experimental design. The results of this study demonstrated that statistical differences in the durations of lesions (P = .017) were present when all 3 substances were included in the gel. In the next study (study II), which was initiated to test the results of study I, additional subjects were divided into 2 groups; one used a control gel with silicon dioxide, and the other a gel with all 3 active substances. Study II found no statistical differences in the parameters when the 2 groups were compared. In study III, a modified crossover design was used with the subjects of study II, and a significant difference was found in lesion-free intervals (P = .0335) and length of time for the study (P = .0001). The differences in lesion intervals may have been caused by the differences in study length. Alteration in the occurrence of aphthous ulcers was demonstrated by the reduction in numbers of lesions in study I and by the increase in length of intervals between lesions in study III. However, a consistent pattern was not present; this indicated a lack of effect of the gel on aphthous ulcers.
Article
Research since the 1986 review has largely upheld the therapeutic claims made in the earlier papers and indeed extended them into other areas. Treatment of inflammation is still the key effect for most types of healing but it is now realized that this is a complex process and that many of its constituent processes may be addressed in different ways by different gel components. A common theme running though much recent research is the immunomodulatory properties of the gel polysaccharides, especially the acetylated mannans from Aloe vera, which are now a proprietary substance covered by many patents. There have also been, however, persistent reports of active glycoprotein fractions from both Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens. There are also cautionary investigations warning of possible allergic effects on some patients. Reports also describe antidiabetic, anticancer and antibiotic activities, so we may expect to see a widening use of aloe gel. Several reputable suppliers produce a stabilized aloe gel for use as itself or in formulations and there may be moves towards isolating and eventually providing verified active ingredients in dosable quantities
Article
Lichen planus is a disease that involves the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by unique eruptions. The cause of this disease is unknown, but has been linked to emotional stress, and has also been attributed to viral infections. A case is described of a successful treatment of lichen planus.
Article
The use of aloe vera is being promoted for a large variety of conditions. Often general practitioners seem to know less than their patients about its alleged benefits. To define the clinical effectiveness of aloe vera, a popular herbal remedy in the United Kingdom. Four independent literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and the Cochrane Library. Only controlled clinical trials (on any indication) were included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. All trials were read by both authors and data were extracted in a standardized, pre-defined manner. Ten studies were located. They suggest that oral administration of aloe vera might be a useful adjunct for lowering blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as for reducing blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Topical application of aloe vera is not an effective preventative for radiation-induced injuries. It might be effective for genital herpes and psoriasis. Whether it promotes wound healing is unclear. There are major caveats associated with all of these statements. Even though there are some promising results, clinical effectiveness of oral or topical aloe vera is not sufficiently defined at present.
Article
In the present study, we compared the incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) in patients treated with either clindamycin-soaked Gelfoam (Pharmacia and Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI) or SaliCept Patches (Carrington Laboratories, Inc, Irving, TX). The SaliCept Patch is a freeze-dried pledget that contains Acemannan Hydrogel (Carrington Laboratories) obtained from the clear inner gel of Aloe vera L. A retrospective evaluation was performed of the records of 587 patients (1,031 sockets) whose extraction sites had been treated with clindamycin-soaked Gelfoam. A prospective trial was conducted in which 607 patients (1,064 sockets) had 2 SaliCept Patches placed immediately after extraction. The same surgeon treated all patients. Analysis restricted to mandibular third molar sites showed that 78 of 975 sites (8.0%) in the Gelfoam group developed AO, whereas only 11 of 958 sites (1.1%) in the SaliCept group developed AO (P <.0001). Further analysis of all extraction sites revealed that the incidence of AO in the Gelfoam group was 7.6% compared with 1.1% in the SaliCept-treated group (P <.0001). The study results suggest that the SaliCept Patch significantly reduces the incidence of AO compared with clindamycin-soaked Gelfoam.
Article
Antioxidant components in Aloe vera were examined for lipid peroxidation using rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes. Among the aloesin derivatives examined, isorabaichromone showed a potent antioxidative activity. The DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities were determined. As one of the most potent components, isorabaichromone together with feruloylaloesin and p-coumaroylaloesin showed potent DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Electron spin resonance (ESR) using the spin trapping method suggested that the potent superoxide anion scavenging activity of isorabaichromone may have been due to its caffeoyl group. As A. vera has long been used to promote wound healing, the inhibitory effects of aloesin derivatives for cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 and thromboxane (Tx) A2 synthase were examined and the participation of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl ester groups in the aloesin skeleton was demonstrated. These findings may explain, at least in part, the wound healing effects of A.vera. Abbreviations ADP:adenosine diphosphate ASA:ascorbic acid BHT:butylated hydroxytoluene BSA:bovine serum albumin DMPO:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide DPPH:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl EDTA:edetic acid HEPES:N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine-N-2′-ethane-sulfonic acid NADH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADPH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NBT:nitroblue tetrazolium Pg:prostaglandin SOD:superoxide dismutase TBA:thiobarbituric acid TCA:trichloroacetic acid XOD:xanthine oxidase
Article
The polysaccharide and flavonoid concentrations of two-, three-, and four-year-old Aloe vera were determined, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated compared to BHT and alpha-tocopherol by the DPPH radical scavenging method and the linoleic acid system at 100 microg of soluble solids per mL of ethanol. The results showed that three-year-old Aloe vera contained significantly higher levels of polysaccharides and flavonoids than two- and four-year-old Aloe vera, and no significant differences in flavonoid levels were found between three- and four-year-old Aloe vera. All the aloe extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of Aloe vera extracts and reference compounds followed the order: three-year-old Aloe vera > BHT > four-year-old Aloe vera > alpha-tocopherol > two-year-old Aloe vera. The three-year-old extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity of 72.19%, which is significantly higher than that of BHT at 70.52% and alpha-tocopherol at 65.20%. These data suggest that the growth stage plays a vital role in the composition and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera.
Article
The effects of Aloe barbadensis gel and aloe gel constituents on the activity of microbial and human metalloproteinases have been investigated. Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) results dose-dependently inhibited by aloe gel and the activity-guided fractionation led to an active fraction enriched in phenolics and aloins. Aloins have been shown to be able to bind and to inhibit ChC reversibly and non-competitively. Aloe gel and aloins are also effective inhibitors of stimulated granulocyte matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The remarkable structural resemblances between aloins and the pharmacophore structure of inhibitory tetracyclines, suggest that the inhibitory effects of aloins are via an interaction between the carbonyl group at C(9) and an adjacent hydroxyl group of anthrone (C(1) or C(8)) at the secondary binding site of enzyme, destabilizing the structure of granulocyte MMPs.
Radi-cal scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and throm-boxane A2synthase from aloe vera gel To order reprints of this article, contact Donna Bushore at 866
  • A Yagi
  • A Kabash
  • K Mizuno
  • Sm Moustafa
  • Ti Khalifa
  • Tsuji
Yagi A, Kabash A, Mizuno K, Moustafa SM, Khalifa TI, Tsuji H. Radi-cal scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and throm-boxane A2synthase from aloe vera gel. Planta Med 2003;69:269-271. To order reprints of this article, contact Donna Bushore at 866.879.9144, ext. 156 or dbushore@fostereprints.com.
Activated macrophages accelerate wound healing in aged rats
  • B Maxwell
  • H Chinnah
  • Tizard
Maxwell B, Chinnah H, Tizard I. Activated macrophages accelerate wound healing in aged rats. Wound Repair Regeneration 1996;4:165
The therapeutic ef-ficacy of aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal injuries. Two case reports
  • Lm Cera
  • Jp Heggers
  • Robson
  • Mc
  • Hagstrom
Cera LM, Heggers JP, Robson MC, Hagstrom WJ. The therapeutic ef-ficacy of aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal injuries. Two case reports. J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 1980;16:768-772
Aloe vera: Chemical and physical properties and stabiliza-tion
  • A Yaron
Yaron A. Aloe vera: Chemical and physical properties and stabiliza-tion. Israel J Botany 1991;40:270
Its chemical and therapeutic properties
  • Rm Shelton
  • Aloe Vera
Shelton RM. Aloe vera. Its chemical and therapeutic properties. Int J Dermatol 1991;30:679-683.
Oral ulcers remedy gets FDA clearance
Oral ulcers remedy gets FDA clearance. J Am Dent Assoc 1994;125: 1308-1310.
The UK reference guide to complimentary medicine
  • J Townsend
  • Aloe Vera
Townsend J. Aloe vera. The UK reference guide to complimentary medicine. London: Chartwell House Publishing;1998.
Natural therapeutics pocket guide
  • Dl Krinsky
  • Eb Hawkins
  • R Pelton
  • Na Willis
  • Jb Lavalle
Krinsky DL, Hawkins EB, Pelton R, Willis NA, Lavalle JB. Natural therapeutics pocket guide, ed. 2. Cleveland: Lexi-Comp, Inc.;2003:379.