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Studies of commonly used traditional medicine-ginger
Abstract
To review the chemical, pharmacological, studies on ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the last ten years, and also its processing history and clinical uses. Gingerols and related compounds in ginger have many pharmacological activities. Chemical studies should be given sufficiently emphasis, and advances of the chemical study will promote the other related researches to develop in depth.
... Garlic is probably one of the earliest known medicinal plants (Starek, 2001;Lien et.al. 2003;Wang and Wang et al., 2005;White, 2007;Yiming et al., 2012;Wichtl, 2004). Over the centuries, garlic has acquired a special position in the folklore of many cultures as a formidable prophylactic and therapeutic medicinal agent. ...
... From its origin in Southeast Asia and its spread to Europe, it has a long history of use as herbal medicine to treat a variety of ailments including vomiting, pain, indigestion, and coldinduced syndromes (More recently, it was reported that ginger also possessed anti-cancer, anticlotting, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities (Yiming et al., 2012). Ginger is believed to have originated from China and then spread to India, South East Asia, West Africa and the Caribbean (McGee, 2004;Wang and Wang, 2005;White, 2007). It has been used in Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese herbal medicines for a wide array of unrelated ailments that include arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, pains, muscular aches, sore throats, indigestion, vomiting, fever, hypertension, cramps, constipation, dementia, helminthiasis and infectious diseases (Ali et al, 2008). ...
Garlic and ginger samples were collected and their bio active components were determined using standard methods. Bio active components of ginger were found to include Saponins, Glycosides, Akaloids, Flavonoids, Tannis, Terpernoides while garlic tested positive to only Cardiac glycosides. Pseudomonas aueroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus were the test organisms. Antimicrobial activities were tested on Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Staphyloccus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa using Antibiotic sensitivity disc and zone of clearance was highest with Ciprofloxacin but resistant with Meropenem and Cefuroxime sodium respectively. Kirby-Baucer method disc diffusion method was used to test the effectiveness of extracts against selected pathogenic bacteria. Pseudomonas aueroginosa was susceptible to various dilutions (10-1-10-7) of extracts of ginger and ethanol (51-15mm) but more susceptible to extracts of garlic and ethanol (59-22mm) and resistant to some dilutions of extracts of garlic and ginger in combination (18-0mm). Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to garlic and ethanolic extracts (44-19mm), more susceptible to extracts of ginger and garlic in ethanol (51-19mm) but resistant to some dilutions of aqueous and ethanolic ginger extracts. Klebsiella pneumonia was resistant to both aqueous and ethanolic extracts at various dilutions singly and in combination. It is however susceptible to the extracts at 10-1 dilutions except in ginger warm aqueous extract and garlic cold aqueous extract where it is resistant. The study therefore prove the potency of ginger and garlic in treatment of certain pathogenic bacteria infections.
... Ginger exhibited many bioactivities such as antioxidant (Chakraborty et al., 2012;Nile and park 2015), and healthbenefiting effects by reducing free radicals damage and improving cardiovascular status (Bosisio, 1992 andVerma et al., 2004), anti-anxiety (Vishwakarma et al., 2002), antiinflammation (Grzanna et al., 2005and Zhang et al., 2016), anti-diabetic (Al-Amin et al., 2006), anticancer (Citronberg et al., 2013), antimicrobial, anti-parasitic antibacterial effects (Boyraz and Ozcan, 2006Ghazalah and Ali, 2008;Kumar et al., 2014), and antiseptic materials (Ali et al., 2008). Furthermore, ginger is used for the alleviation of upper respiratory tract infections (Wang and Wang, 2005). Therefore, the present search amid to study the effect of using different levels of ginger roots in laying quail diets on the production and quality of eggs, and blood biochemical parameters. ...
... phenolic compounds in general possess various physiological properties such as antioxidant (Nile and Park, 2015), antianxiety (Vishwakarma et al., 2002), antiinflammation (Zhang et al., 2016), antidiabetic (Al-Amin et al., 2006), and health-benefiting effects by reducing free radicals damage and improving cardiovascular status (Verma et al., 2004), anticancer (Citronberg et al., 2013, and antibacterial effects (Ghazalah and Ali, 2008), anti-parasitic, antimicrobial (Kumar et al., 2014), and antiseptic materials (Ali et al., 2008). Furthermore, ginger is used for the alleviation of upper respiratory tract infections (Wang and Wang, 2005). More importantly, it has a role in enhancing the fertility rate (Grzanna et al., 2005;Manallah, 2012). ...
... Jahe merupakan tanaman rempah yang sangat popular di masyakarat yang secara tradisional digunakan dalam pengobatan penyakit hipertensi, stroke, diabetes, rematik, asma, sakit gigi, sakit tenggorokan akibat batuk, kram, mual, demam dan infeksi (Ali et al., 2008;Tapsell et al., 2006;Wang & Wang, 2005). Jahe segar mengandung senyawa gingerol, shogaol, dihidroshogaol, turunan asetil dan metil eter (Jolad et al., 2004), ingenol dan shogaol mempunyai aktivitas anti virus (Lee et al., 2008). ...
... Akar alang-alang mengandung senyawa tannin, saponin, flavanoid, alkaloid dan terpenodi (Krishnaiah, 2009 Hasil studi fitokimia, rimpang lengkuas merah mengandung flavanoid, kaempferol-3rutinoside, kaemferol-3-oliucronide (Victorio et al., 2009). Flavanoid pada rimpang lengkuas merah mempunyai efek biologis antimikroba, sebagai agen pertahanan terhadap mikroorganisme, seperti jamur, bakteri, dan virus (Wang & Wang, 2005). ...
In all regions of the world, including Indonesia, there is a change in the patterns of disease from infectious diseases to degenerative diseases and non-communicable diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has also raised awareness of the need to continually strengthen the immune system. Increasing the body's resistance can benefit from the use of traditional herbs with medicinal capabilities. Some biological plants such as red ginger, alang-alang root, galangal which are known to the public for their spices, can become herbal drinks when formulated with the addition of palm sugar. These three plants have been studied on a laboratory scale to identify nutrients and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional content of functional herbal drink products made from palm sugar and spice powder (red ginger, alang-alang root, and galangal). The research method was carried out using hedonic organoleptic tests on 3 prepared formulas, phytochemical screening, and proximate test (nutritional content) The results of the organoleptic test showed that respondents preferred a formula containing ginger (500 g), alang-alang root (200 g), galangal (100 g,) and palm sugar (200 g). Phytochemical screening showed each component (ginger, galangal, alang-alang, palm sugar, and the developed formula) was positive for flavonoids and alkaloids. Only ginger was positive for tannins, all negative components were steroids/triterpenoids and only galangal was positive for saponins. Carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture, and ash contents were 4.49%, 4.38%, 3.95%, 47.68%, and 9.76%. The results showed that a functional herbal drink made from palm sugar and spices has health benefits and the potential to be a functional drink.
... For centuries, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberacae) has been a crucial ingredient in East Asian markets, found in Ayurvedic and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines for the treatment of asthma, stroke, rheumatism, catarrh, nervous diseases, constipation, gingivitis, and diabetes [20][21][22]. Zingiber mioga (ZM), a member of the ginger family, is a perennial plant and is grown in small quantities in Jeju and the southern coast of Korea [23]. Its bud has a peculiar smell and has been used as an ingredient in spices, herbs and pickles for a ...
... For centuries, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberacae) has been a crucial ingredient in East Asian markets, found in Ayurvedic and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines for the treatment of asthma, stroke, rheumatism, catarrh, nervous diseases, constipation, gingivitis, and diabetes [20][21][22]. Zingiber mioga (ZM), a member of the ginger family, is a perennial plant and is grown in small quantities in Jeju and the southern coast of Korea [23]. Its bud has a peculiar smell and has been used as an ingredient in spices, herbs and pickles for a long time [24]. ...
Here, we investigated the effects of Zingiber mioga extracts (FSH-ZM) on the moisturization and depigmentation of skin as well as wrinkle formation in UVB-irradiated HRM-2 hairless mice. The mice were divided into six groups as follows: normal control (NC), UVB-irradiated control (C), positive control 1 (PC1, L-ascorbic acid 200 mg/kg b.w.), positive control 2 (PC2, Arbutin 200 mg/kg b.w.), Z100 (FSH-ZM 100 mg/kg b.w.), and Z200 (FSH-ZM 200 mg/kg b.w.). The experiment spanned a period of 6 weeks. We found that FSH-ZM led to an increase in the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2, fibrillin-1, and elastin mRNAs, and showed improved skin hydration in HRM-2 hairless mice compared to that in the UVB-irradiated control group. Furthermore, FSH-ZM also inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and wrinkle forming factors generated by UVB and reduced the formation of wrinkles in the test group relative to that in the control group by increasing collagen synthesis. Moreover, we found that FSH-ZM decreased the expression of melanogenesis factors, which improved depigmentation in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. These results suggest that Zingiber mioga can potentially be utilized to develop products aimed at improving skin moisturization and depigmentation and reducing wrinkle formation.
... Widely used in food and traditional medicine, ginger has been employed to treat conditions such as vomiting, pain, indigestion, and colds. [14][15][16] Its therapeutic potential is attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. [17] Antioxidative capabilities of ginger allow it to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress. ...
Arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity poses a significant public health concern due to its detrimental effects on liver function, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review explores the protective role of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in mitigating arsenic-induced hepatic damage, highlighting its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The bioactive compounds of ginger, such as gingerols, shogaols, and flavonoids, have been shown to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), restore antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. These mechanisms collectively contribute to improved liver function, reduced oxidative damage, and enhanced hepatocyte regeneration. Hepatoprotective potential of ginger is further supported by its ability to modulate apoptotic pathways, reduce lipid peroxidation, and enhance cellular detoxification processes. Comparative studies indicate that the efficacy of ginger is on par with or superior to synthetic antioxidants and standard hepatoprotective agents like silymarin, with the added advantage of minimal toxicity. However, limitations in current research, such as the lack of standardized formulations, insufficient human trials, and incomplete understanding of molecular pathways, present challenges to its clinical application. Future research should prioritize large-scale clinical trials, pharmacokinetic studies, and investigations into synergistic effects with other therapeutic agents. Addressing these knowledge gaps will pave the way for the development of ginger-based interventions for liver diseases.
... Therefore, it can be assumed that ginger charcoal has been another processed product of dried ginger since the Song Dynasty. Miao Xiyong in the Ming Dynasty pointed out that: "If the patient suffers from postpartum blood deficiency and fever, in order to stop bleeding, we should stir-fry the charcoal until black, process the charcoal for use in warming the Middle-jiao, disperse cold evil, regulate lung qi and stop vomiting" [12]. In "Bencao Chongyuan" [8], it is pointed out that "later generations referred to the process of preparing dried ginger until black as baked ginger". ...
All types of ginger have common fundamental components, although they possess distinct strengths and inclinations when it comes to effectiveness and medicinal applications. Fresh ginger possesses the ability to effectively stimulate movement within the body, alleviate the act of vomiting, induce sweating, and provide relief for external syndromes. Dried ginger possesses both defensive and stimulant characteristics, which effectively raise the internal temperature and enhance the Yang energy. Fresh ginger is more hydrating than dried ginger, highly skilled at heating the Middle-jiao, alleviating pain, halting bleeding, and managing diarrhea. Dried ginger possesses the ability to alleviate coldness when consumed in a heated form, as well as to alleviate diarrhea when consumed in a heated form. It thrives in warm conditions and has a tendency to revert back to its warm nature. The moisture content of baked ginger is inferior to that of dried ginger, but it is highly effective in alleviating pain, bleeding, and diarrhea by warming the Middle-jiao. Ginger charcoal and stir-fried charcoal, produced through carbonization, have excellent heat retention properties and are effective in warming meridians and stopping bleeding. The potency and ability to spread of roasted ginger is less intense compared to fresh ginger, and its moisture content is not as low as that of dried ginger. The medicinal characteristics of this substance are gentle, making it beneficial for alleviating vomiting in patients who are physically frail. Its primary mode of action is on the Middle-jiao. Nevertheless, the main chemical compositions of various traditional Chinese medicines are nearly identical due to their shared base element. Ginger, in particular, possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anticoagulant properties. However, modern pharmacological research has not fully acknowledged the clinical medicinal value of ginger and consequently, fails to provide accurate guidance for clinical medication. This situation has a negative impact on the contemporary advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The research on modernizing ginger is conducted by analyzing and considering the prospects. It is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and incorporates the comprehensive perspective of TCM philosophy. In order to modernize ginger, it is essential to have a proper knowledge of the concepts of “recognizing nature by efficacy, homology, and mutual expression of nature and efficacy” and “rationally utilizing modern drug research technology”. By applying these principles, we can construct a bridge towards the advancement of ginger.
... It's been a key ingredient in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines for centuries. These medicines are used to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes, constipation, rheumatism, gingivitis, toothaches, asthma, and neurological disorders (Awang et al., 1992); (Wang et al., 2005); (Tapsell et al., 2006). This plant's widespread use as a spice and medicinal plant may be the reason it has been the focus of numerous reviews in the literature (Afzal et al., 2001); (Chrubasik et al., 2005). ...
Since ancient times, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has been used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines all over the world for a variety of unrelated illnesses. Rheumatism, arthritis, sprains, sore throats, cramps, constipation, indigestion, vomiting, fever, infectious diseases, and helminthiasis are a few of these conditions. Ginger is currently experiencing a resurgence in popularity, and a large number of scientific studies are being carried out to determine the active ingredients of the plant, validate its pharmacological actions and constituents, and provide evidence for the plant's application in treating a range of diseases. This article's objective is to review the most notable recent reports on these investigations. Ginger and the compounds extracted from it have a multitude of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-lipidemic, and anti-emetic effects. Strong antioxidants like ginger have the power to reduce or even stop the production of free radicals. It's believed to be a safe herbal remedy with very minor negative effects. Further studies on the kinetics of ginger and its components, as well as the long-term effects of consumption in humans and animals are required.
... were divided randomly into (4) groups, (45 chicks per group) treatment had three replicates (15 birds) and received various treatments during the experimental period (6)weeks . Chicks were given starter diet (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) days and a finisher diet (22-42) days, GG was purchased from a local market, sundried, ground to a fine powder, and stored in an airtight polyethene bag until required for use, as shown in table (1). The additives were mixed with basic feedings to form the following parameters : T0 : Control group chicks fed the standard diet. ...
Study the effects of different concentration of Zingiber officinale or called ginger (GG)on productive performance, blood biochemistry as White blood cells (WBC), Red blood cells (RBC), Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and immune status against Newcastle disease (ND) virus of broilers. These experiment used (180) broilers chicks of one day age type Hubbard . All chickens vaccinated against ND on day 7 the chicks, which divided randomly into (4) groups and each group of (45) chicks. The study showed the effects of different concentration of (GG) given in 2g/kg, 4g/kg and 6g/kg with feed Groups of T0, T1, T2, T3, T0 as control and T1, T2, T3, as treatment. Parameters of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion . Statistical significant (P < 0.05) increased value of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion was observed in T3, then T2 . A non-significant value was observed in T1 (2g/kg of GG) as compared to T0 (control). Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb. The ginger additives groups showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against ND virus. In conclusion, 4 - 6 g/kg of GG additives to broiler chicks feed, enhanced growth performance, enhance WBC, RBC, PCV, Hb and showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against ND virus, while group T1 had less significant effects compared to the other groups.
... The starch granules grouped here generally match the description of ginger roots. The exploitation of ginger roots is evident at many sites in the Wei River valley (Liu, 2021;Wang et al., 2019), and it has long been used as medicine and food ingredients in China (Wang and Wang, 2005). ...
Migration is a frequent phenomenon in human history. Previous studies mainly used migration as a simple process to account for any cultural changes observed in migrant communities. Recent studies, however, have recognized that migration is embedded in both environmental and social contexts, thus making it necessary to study the consequence of migration on a case-by-case basis. To better understand the changes associated with migrational processes, this case study investigates the subsistence pattern of a Neolithic site (5300-4700 cal. BP), Liujiazhai, in Northwestern Sichuan Highland by employing microbotanical residue analysis on pottery vessels. Our results on millet phytolith contribute to the overall picture of millet agriculture in Yangshao and Majiayao migrant communities and enrich our understanding of how varying crop patterns in Neolithic western China are likely a consequence of migration. In addition, we suggest that Liujiazhai migrants adapted to the high-altitude environment by utilizing more local wild plant resources. This study shows that, although Yangshao migrants were still connected to their homeland in terms of material culture, relocating to the challenging environment in NW Sichuan requires adaptive strategies that diverged the Yangshao migrants, including Liujiazhai, from their home culture. Hence, this study exemplifies how migration is an agent of change.
... Also, Kumar et al. (2019) impacts for health by decreasing free radical destruction and developing cardiovascular case (Verma et al., 2004), anticancer (Citronberg et al., 2013). Wang and Wang (2005) reported ginger also treats upper respiratory infections. It also significantly improves fertility (Grzanna et al., 2005;Manallah, 2012). ...
The objective of the current study was to ascertain the effect of using ginger powder or frankincense oil at different levels on the production rate, biochemical properties of blood, and immune response of laying Japanese quail housed from 12 to 21 wk of age. Three hundred sexually mature quail (200 females and 100 males) were distributed among 5 groups at 12 wk of age in a completely randomized design. Group 1: received basal diet not including additives and acted as a control group. Groups 2 and 3: received a basal diet with 250 and 500 mg ginger/kg feed, respectively. Groups 4 and 5: received a basal diet with 200 and 400 mg frankincense oil/kg feed, respectively. Results revealed that egg production parameters of laying Japanese quail were not influenced by ginger or frankincense oil added in all groups tested during experimental periods except at the time (15-18 wks.). Moreover, egg weight was significantly increased only during the period (15-18 wks.) and total period (12-21 wk of age), and group 5 recorded the highest weight during the 2 periods studied. Feed additives did not impact feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for WBCs, Hb, and monocytes, treatments impacted blood hematological parameters. Also, blood serum parameters were influenced by feed additives, except total protein, albumin, globulin, and creatinine were not influenced. Moreover, histological examination of the spleen was influenced by feed additives. It is concluded that utilizing frankincense oil or ginger powder in diets of laying Japanese quails enhanced blood serum properties and improved reproductive and productive performance.
... Zingiber officinale, a monocotyledonous herb, familiar as ginger; is conventionally used for its feed flavouring property (Wang et al. 2005). Numerous pharmacological properties of ginger include anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal modulating agent, antimicrobial and as an antioxidant. ...
Poultry market has been demonstrating emerging potential as an efficient producer of meat with consumption occupying 40.6% of market globally. The requirement of animal protein is anticipated to grow continuously for meeting the requirements by ever-growing human population. To fulfill this demand, the major challenge encountered by poultry breeders was to fasten production in most efficient and economical way. Use of antibiotic growth promoter in feed help in augmenting poultry growth and alter gut microbiota. However, the growing concern of its likely fatal impacts on animal, food safety and on humans for developing microbial resistance; their use was restricted and banned in several countries. With insinuation of ban, several alternatives were explored for having potential growth promoting benefits without hampering the normal gut microbiota. Various phytobiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and unconventional feed have positive effects on feed intake, efficiency and play a role as antimicrobial. However, the meager knowledge on availability and potential use of unconventional feeds as potent antimicrobial restricts its application. This review focuses on certain non-conventional feeds rich in specific bioactive compounds, which are attributed to modulate intestinal microbiota, their effects on growth performance and overall health status of poultry. The review aims to serve as a reference for young researchers and poultry industry to recognize alternative feed ingredients to be used as antimicrobial growth promoters minimizing competition between human and animal consumption.
... Previous studies showed its potential ameliorative effects against neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and respiratory disorders [260]. Its beneficial effects such as potent anti-platelet, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-rhinoviralis, anti-hepatotoxicity, and anti-arthritic activities are also demonstrated [261][262][263]. ...
There are various herbicides which were used in the agriculture industry. Atrazine (ATZ) is a chlorinated triazine herbicide that consists of a ring structure, known as the triazine ring, along with a chlorine atom and five nitrogen atoms. ATZ is a water-soluble herbicide, which makes it capable of easily infiltrating into majority of the aquatic ecosystems. There are reports of toxic effects of ATZ on different systems of the body but, unfortunately, majority of these scientific reports were documented in animals. The herbicide was reported to enter the body through various routes. The toxicity of the herbicide can cause deleterious effects on the respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems of the human body. Alarmingly, few studies in industrial workers showed ATZ exposure leading to cancer. We embarked on the present review to discuss the mechanism of action of ATZ toxicity for which there is no specific antidote or drug. Evidence-based published literature on the effective use of natural products such as lycopene, curcumin, Panax ginseng, Spirulina platensis, Fucoidans, vitamin C, soyabeans, quercetin, L-carnitine, Telfairia occidentalis, vitamin E, Garcinia kola, melatonin, selenium, Isatis indigotica, polyphenols, Acacia nilotica, and Zingiber officinale were discussed in detail. In the absence of any particular allopathic drug, the present review may open the doors for future drug design involving the natural products and their active compounds.
... Ginger is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Chinese, ancient Greek, Roman, Arabic, Ayurvedic and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines for a wide array of unrelated disorders such as arthritis, sore throats, cramps, constipation, hypertension, dementia, infectious diseases and helminthiasis (7)(8). Ginger has also shown potential to ameliorate many aspects of cardiovascular disease (9) and studies on its use on laboratory animals, especially rats, are suggestive of direct and indirect effects on blood pressure and heart rate (10). ...
Background: The recourse to traditional herbal and folk medicines in the treatment and management of various ailments, including hypertension, is on the increase especially in the developing world. Objective: This study assessed the benefits of ginger (Zingiber officinale)/garlic (Allium sativum) extracts and snail (Archachatina marginata) slime on cardiovascular and renal parameters in high salt diet hypertensive female rats. Method: Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups; control (rat chow for 14 weeks); salt (high salt diet, 8% NaCl for 14 weeks); control + garlic (as control, received garlic extract 1 ml/100 g body weight (BW) daily from 10th to 14th week); salt + garlic (as salt, received garlic extract as control + garlic); control + ginger (as control, received ginger extract 1 ml/ 100 g BW daily from 10th to 14th week); salt + ginger (as salt, received ginger extract as control + ginger); control + slime (as control, received snail slime 300 mg/kg orally from 10th to 14th week); and salt + slime (as salt, received snail slime as control + slime). This was followed by invasive blood pressure (BP) parameters measurement using the Powerlab instrument and plasma samples were taken for electrolytes, urea and creatinine measurements. Results: BP parameters were significantly higher (p<0.05) in salt and salt + garlic compared with control groups. Salt +ginger and salt + slime groups had significantly lower (p<0.05) BP parameters compared with salt groups. Plasma chloride was significantly lower (p<0.05) in salt + ginger compared with control, salt and control + ginger groups. Creatinine was significantly lower (p<0.05) in salt compared with control, salt + garlic, salt + ginger and salt + slime groups. On the other hand, urea was significantly higher (p<0.05) in salt compared with salt + ginger and salt + slime groups. Also, water intake was significantly higher (p<0.05) in salt, salt + garlic, salt + ginger and salt + slime groups compared with control groups. Conclusion: Ginger and garlic aqueous extracts alongside snail slime significantly decreased blood pressure parameters and this reduction could not be directly linked to the effects of these extracts on renal function in female hypertensive state.
... Ginger is a significant plant that has many therapeutic, ethno-therapeutic, and nutritional benefits. It is frequently utilised in traditional medicine [105]. Ginger is used all over the world. ...
To strengthen the immune system, people must be urged to take vitamins and medicines. Medicinal plants are best source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties and are used by diverse groups of people for treatment of various diseases. The Vedas and Samhita contain numerous references to medicinal plants and their use, which originate from between 3500 BCE and 800 BCE. India is well known for its ethnobotanical endeavours. The "Vrikshayurveda," which is discussed in Vedic writings including the Atharvaveda and the Rigveda, is where the first mention of herbal medicine may be found. Ayurveda is a conventional herbal medicine practice, with roots in the Indus Valley between 3300 and 1300 BCE. The roots of the name are "Ayur" and "Veda," which combined denotes wisdom and life. According to recent studies on natural treatment, a variety of herbs have complex effects on immune function and act at various points in the entire cascade of immunological reactions. These herbs may function as significant immunity boosters. Generally speaking, we depend on plants and products derived from plants to maintain strong immune system. This study aims at providing a brief review on five well known medicinal plants of India.
... Moreover, it has been used for centuries as spice [11]. Ginger is an essential component of Indian [12] and Chinese Traditional Medicine [13]. Ginger has been used to treat ailments caused by cold and damp weather. ...
The available drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVOD-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are limited. This study aimed to identify ginger-derived compounds that might neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and prevent its entry into host cells. Ring compounds of ginger were screened against spike (S) protein of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The S protein FASTA sequence was retrieved from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data(GISAID) and converted into “.pdb” format using Open Babel tool. A total of 306 compounds were identified from ginger through food and phyto-databases. Out of those, 38 ring compounds were subjected to docking analysis using CB Dock online program which implies AutoDock Vina for docking. The Vina score was recorded, which reflects the affinity between ligands and receptors. Further, the Protein Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) program for detecting the type of interaction between ligand-receptor was used. SwissADME was used to compute druglikeness parameters and pharmacokinetics characteristics. Furthermore, energy minimization was performed by using Swiss PDB Viewer (SPDBV) and energy after minimization was recorded. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to find the stability of protein-ligand complex and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) as well as root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) were calculated and recorded by using myPresto v5.0. Our study suggested that 17 out of 38 ring compounds of ginger were very likely to bind the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Seventeen out of 38 ring compounds showed high affinity of binding with S protein of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The RMSD showed the stability of the complex was parallel to the S protein monomer. These computer-aided predictions give an insight into the possibility of ginger ring compounds as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 worthy of in vitro investigations.
... Ginger is a major ingredient of herbal medicines which are used for the treatment of toothache, asthma, stroke, rheumatism, constipation cataract, nervous diseases, gingivitis and diabetes in Chinese, Ayurvedic and Tibbe-Unani (Tapsell et al., 2006;Wang and Wang, 2005). Keeping in view the common uses of Zingiber officinale in diet, current studies were performed to review its phytochemical composition, nutritional and medicinal importance. ...
Current studies were performed to evaluate the phytochemical, nutritional and pharmacological importance of Zingiber officinale (ginger). Z.officinale contains γ-cadinene (2.13%), α-curcumen (8.11%), α-fernesene (8.22%), 2, 6, 10-dodecatrien-1-ol (8.29%), β-seiquphellandrene (11.80%), α-gingiberene (15.32%). Ginger is cultivated worldwide due to its general usage as a spice in food. It is rich in nutritional contents especially carbohydrates, crude protein, lipid, crude fat 5.03±0.43 and crude fiber so it plays a good role in human health. It also contains trace amounts of minerals such as 0.20±0.01 mg/100 mercury, 0.070±0.02 mg/100 nickel, 0.50±0.01 mg/100 lead, 3.70±0.08 mg/100 cadmium, 15.50±0.09 mg/100 chromium, 28.20±0.11 mg/100 manganese, 21.60±0.12 mg/100 zinc, 25.10±0.13 mg/100 copper, 26.60±0.11 mg/100 iron, 31.20±0.15mg/100 sodium and 47.60±0.17 mg/100 calcium. Z. officinale also finds numerous medicinal applications and is used as anti-viral, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anti-anthelmintic and anti-diabetic agent.
... Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) (belonging to Zingiberaceae family) has been traditionally used to treat several disorders such as catarrh, rheumatism, constipation, gingivitis, toothache, nausea, and diarrhea [138][139][140][141]. In a study, the effect of ethanolic extract of Z. officinale rhizome before and after MCAO was evaluated. ...
Brain is susceptible to oxidative stress due to its increased oxygen consumption and low antioxidant levels. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. This review on the role of herbal medicines in the management of brain injury was performed by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Iran Medex between 1976 to January 2020. The search words contained brain injury, and the total number of publications for the review study was 32. Studies with various medicinal plants such as Acanthopanax senticosus, Bacopa monnieri, carnosol, Cassia mimosoides, Centella asiatica, Crocus sativus, Cuminum cyminum, curcumin, Feronia limonia, Gardenia jasminoides, Ginkgo biloba, Kaempferia parviflora, Mentha longifolia, Nigella sativa, olive, orientin, pomegranate, quercetin, rice bran, Rosa damascena, Thymus vulgaris, Viola odorata, Withania coagulans, Zingiber officinale, and Ziziphus spina-christi show a significant improvement in brain injury. The different mechanisms for improvement in brain injury by these medicinal plants include HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) signaling, free-radical scavenging, reduction of nitric oxide (NO) toxicity and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, decrease of pAkt and its downstream targets, downregulation of the aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and TLR4/NF-ĸB/TNF-α signal, reduction in malondialdehyde and NO levels, increasing neuronal density in the hippocampus, and inhibition of oxidative stress. In this review, the neuroprotective actions and molecular mechanisms of herbal medicines are evaluated by reviewing available studies.
... Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberacae) is widely used around the world in foods as a spice. For cen-turies, it has been an important ingredient in Chinese .Ayurvedic and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines for the treat-ment of catarrh, rheumatism, nervous diseases, gingivitis toothache, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes (Awang, 1992;Wang and Wang, 2005;Tapsell et al., 2006). The constituents of ginger are numerous and vary depending on the place of origin and whether the rhizomes are fresh or dry. ...
... It also exhibit anti-inflammatory [50] and antioxidant effects [51]. In additional, essential oil was shown to have antihelminthic [52], antinematodal [53], antischistosomal [54], antimicrobial [55,56], and antiviral [57] effects (Figure 4). ...
... Special health benefits: Anti-carcinogenic, good for diarrhea, nausea and stomach pain [19]. Special health benefits: Flue, Anti-carcinogenic, for high blood pressure [20,21,22,23]. Special health benefits: Reduce blood pressure, Lower LDL levels, Anti-oxidant activity [24,25,26,27]. ...
... These active compounds include volatile oils, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, tannins, saponins, and steroids, as main plant materials (Ghasemzadeh et al., 2010;Pilerood and Prakash, 2011;Shahi and Hussain, 2012;Olubunml et al., 2013;Bijaya, 2018). It is used in Greek medicine to treat colds, stomach disorders, rheumatism, nerve diseases, gingivitis, dental pain, asthma, traumas, constipation, diabetes, vomiting, nausea, and seasickness (Wang and Wang, 2005;Tapsell et al., 2006) as well as a tonic for blood circulation (Shoji et al., 1982). ...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) is a medicinal plant well known for its pharmacological properties. This research aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria on callus induced from the shoot tips of ginger in the production of some active medicinal compounds. Callus was induced from the cultivation of half-buds in MS with 2,4-D at a concentration of 1 mg/L with BA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L + 500 mg/L PVP. It was the best medium for induced callus. A total of 100 mg of developing callus was taken, and, after cultivation on the same medium, at two weeks of age, the callus was treated with two strains of Agrobacterium LBA4404 and C58 and three concentrations of 101, 103, and 105 bacteria/mL each trial. The analysis of RP-HPLC showed that when treated with LBA4404 strain, which was at the concentration of 105 bacteria/mL, the highest increase in the amount of Zingerone reached 0.278 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 101 bacteria/mL and which gave the highest concentration of Zingerone, 6-gingerol, and 6-Shogaol which were 0.199, 0.099 and 0.069 mg/g respectively. As for the C58 strain, the treatment recorded 101 bacteria /mL, the highest concentration of Zingerone 0.240 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 103 bacteria /mL, which was significantly superior in giving the highest concentration of 6-gingerol and 6-Shogaol, which reached 0.053 and 0.027 mg/g respectively. From the results of the experiment, it can be considered that the active medical compounds produced by the induced callus tissue in vitro can increase when exposed to biological stimuli, as the medicinally active compounds can be separated, purified and used in a pure form as they are a natural source for drug preparation.
... Zingiber oficinale is used in several ancient systems of medicines for the treatment of catarrh, rheumatism, nervous diseases, gingivitis, toothache, asthma, stroke, diabetes, headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, nausea, vomiting and the common cold (14)(15)(16). Traditionally ginger is being administered for hypertensive patients since ancient days (17). It consists of volatile oils, gingerol, diarylheptanoids, proteins, amino acids, sugar, organic acids and inorganic elements. ...
The present work aims to study powder microscopy, physicochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography photo documentation and fingerprint profiles of a Siddha drug, Rattha Piththathirku Kudinir Chooranam (RPK). The raw drugs were collected, authenticated and the RPK was prepared. Then the drug was investigated for powder microscopic characters, physicochemical parameters, Thin Layer Chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint profiles of successive n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol and hydro alcohol (1:1) extracts. The successive and hydro alcohol extracts of the drug displayed distinct TLC spots and HPTLC peaks which are distinct to this drug.
... The gingerols and shagaols are responsible for the pungency of fresh ginger and dried ginger, respectively [8].Ginger containing different phenolic component and they exhibited many bioactivities such as antioxidant [9], anti-anxiety [10], anti-Nausea [11], anti-inflammation [12], glucose-lowering [13], and health benefiting effects by reducing free radicals damage and improving cardiovascular status [14,15]. Furthermore, ginger is used for its various medicinal properties and alleviation and treatment of different symptoms such as animal mycotoxicosis [16], vomiting, pain, indigestion, and upper respiratory tract infection [17]. ...
Medicinal plants with antibacterial effects have been used by humans for centuries. In the
recent decade, due to the development of antibiotic resistant strains, many studies have focused on the
use of natural compounds as feed additives in livestock. Ginger, among all, have repetitively shown
numerous biological activities, antibacterial, and antibiotic properties. This study was conducted
to evaluate the effects of ginger root powder (GP) on the performance, egg quality, and blood
parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 240 10-weeks old female quails were used in a completely
randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 15 birds per replicate. Dietary treatment were
basal diet (control) and basal diet containing 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg of ginger root powder. Growth
performance and exterior and interior quality of egg were measured biweekly over eight-week
period. At the end of experiment blood parameters were evaluated. The results showed that diet
supplementation with different levels of GP had no significant effect on egg production, egg mass
weight, and egg weight (p > 0.05). However, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly
lower in the treatment group than the control in the whole period (p < 0.05). Egg Quality traits (shape
index, albumen index, the percentage of albumen, yolk and shell, yolk pH, and shell thickness and
strength) were not affected by the supplements in the whole trial period. Addition of GP significantly
increased the albumen height, Haugh unit, and albumen pH in comparison with the control treatment
(p < 0.05). GP reduced blood triglyceride level yet was ineffective on blood total antioxidant capacity
and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GP, could improve productive
performance and the egg quality of Japanese quails. Nonetheless a comprehensive study needs to be
performed in order to evaluate the impact of quail dietary ginger supplementation on productive
performance and egg quality and their stability during storage time for commercial use.
... The chemical analyzes indicate that the Z. Officinale plant rhizomes contain many active chemical compounds that have therapeutic reasons against many diseases, and these compounds include volatile oils, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, tannins, steroids, proteins and carbohydrates as main plant materials (Ghasemzadeh et al., 2010;Pilerood and Prakash, 2011;Olubunml et al., 2013). It is used in Greek medicine to treat colds, stomach disorders, rheumatism, nerve diseases, gingivitis, dental pain, asthma, traumas, constipation, diabetes, vomiting, nausea, and seasickness (Wang and Wang, 2005;Tapsell et al., 2006). As well as a tonic for blood circulation (Shoji et al., 1982). ...
... But the side effects of hyperglycemic agents available in the markets have impeded their usefulness as antidiabetic agents. So continuous effort was made to explore another therapeutic agent which can overcome the deleterious effect of diabetes 6,7 . ...
... Ginger rhizome is bowl of various compounds like 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 6-paradol, α-zingiberene, B-phellandrene, ar-curcumene, and so on, which include flavor and pungency together with the oleoresin and other essential oils (Shirooye, Mokaberinejad, Ara, & Hamzeloo-Moghadam, 2016). Ginger rhizome has great potential to develop a variety of value-added products through various unit operations (washing, grading, slicing, blanching, peeling, drying, grinding, extraction, and so on; Wang & Wang, 2005). ...
Infrared radiation (IR)‐assisted peeling is one of the effulent free, environtment friendly emerging technique for tender fruit and vegetables. In this study standerdization and optimization of the infrared assisted dry‐peeling method was carried out for ginger rhizome. During the investigation, the effects of selected independent parameters like infrared temperature (300–400 °C), heater to product surface spacing (10–30 mm), and treatment time (120–300 s) were studied on the peeling feasibility and quality as dependent variables. The experimental conditions were designed through CCRD statistical method. Multiple response optimization was done through RSM. The optimum conditions of selected independent variables were 300 °C IR temperature, 21 mm heater to product spacing, and 120 seconds treatment time resulted in the 90.40% of peeling efficiency, 35 °C of rhizome surface temperature, 8.67% of color change, 0.56% volatile oil loss, and 11.53 kg of firmness. The comparison of optimized infrared assisted peeling was carried out with conventional abrasion and lye peeling methods based on their quality attributes. IR assisted dry‐peeling results in minimum quality losses, higher peeling efficiency and feasible over conventional peeling methods of ginger rhizome. There was zero effluent generated during infrared assisted peeling of ginger rhizome.
Practical Application
Peeling is one of the foremost mandatory unit operation for processing of all fruits, vegetables, and rhizomes like ginger. Presently, lye peeling is most widely used peeling method in industries followed by mechanical peeling. Both of these methods have serious issues like huge effluent generation (BOD) and water consumption which leads to the concern about environmental issues. Infrared dry peeling is the most prominent alternative for industries having the potential to deals with environmental issues. IR peeling method can be easily designed and scaled‐up as per the specific requirment of industries. Therefore, understanding its feasibility for peeling of a most difficult commodity like ginger and understanding its insight into the quality of peeled product is need of the hour.
... It is well known for its medicinal and flavouring properties (Onyenekwe & Hashimoto, 1999). For centuries it has been used as an edible plant and it remained as an important constituent of Tib, Unani and Chinese medicine for the cure of diabetes, asthma, stroke, constipation, gingivitis, nervous diseases and catarrah (Tapsell et al. 2006, Wang and Wang, 2005, Awang, 1992. Nine compounds are found in ginger which may bind to serotonin receptors and may influence gas trointestinal function. ...
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of
supplementation of garlic, ginger in the diets of broiler chickens and
assessment in terms of feed intake, growth performance and economics
of feeding. The results showed that groups supplemented with 0.5%
garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder has shown significant effects
on body weight as compared to the control group at day 28. Groups
supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder show
significant increase in body weight than the groups supplemented with
0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different
supplemented groups, villus length and width of duodenum and
jejunum of birds served with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger
powder is significantly higher than the villus length and width of birds
supplemented with 0.25% garlic and 0.25% ginger powder. Between
different supplemented groups, villus length of ileum of the group
supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder is significantly (p<0.05) lower
than the villus length of the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic
powder and 0.25% ginger powder.
... It is well known for its medicinal and flavouring properties (Onyenekwe & Hashimoto, 1999). For centuries it has been used as an edible plant and it remained as an important constituent of Tib, Unani and Chinese medicine for the cure of diabetes, asthma, stroke, constipation, gingivitis, nervous diseases and catarrah (Tapsell et al. 2006, Wang and Wang, 2005, Awang, 1992. Nine compounds are found in ginger which may bind to serotonin receptors and may influence gas trointestinal function. ...
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of garlic, ginger in the diets of broiler chickens and assessment in terms of feed intake, growth performance and economics of feeding. The results showed that groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder has shown significant effects on body weight as compared to the control group at day 28. Groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder show significant increase in body weight than the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length and width of duodenum and jejunum of birds served with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder is significantly higher than the villus length and width of birds supplemented with 0.25% garlic and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length of ileum of the group supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder is significantly (p<0.05) lower than the villus length of the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder.
... Tangyuan modified with crumble peanut and served with hot ginger drink became "wedang ronde." This traditional herbal beverage has generally been used by people suffering from rheumatic arthritis, asthma, stroke, diabetes, muscle disorders, hypertension, nausea, fever, and bacterial infections [2,65,72]. The beverage contains many phenolic compounds like gingerol, shogaol, and zingeron and provides pharmacological and physiological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticarcinogenic, cardiotonic, antipyretic, and hypotensive effects. ...
Abstract Asia represents rich traditional dietary diversity. The rapid diet transition in the region is leading to a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this exploratory study was to document traditional foods and beverages and associated traditional knowledge that have potential positive health impacts, from selected countries in the region. The study also focused on identifying their importance in the prevention and management of lifestyle-related diseases and nutritional deficiencies as well as for the improvement of the overall health and wellbeing. This was conducted in selected locations in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Nepal through a qualitative method with a pre-tested documentation format. Through a detailed documentation of their health benefits, the study tries to highlight the significance of traditional foods in public health as well as their relevance to local market economies towards sustainable production and consumption and sustainable community livelihoods.
... Z. officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) is a cosmopolitan plant used around the world for many purposes. For centuries, ginger roots had been used as a spice and as an essential ingredient in medicinal preparations to treat various physiological disorders like rheumatism, nervous diseases, asthma, stroke, and diabetes [10][11][12]. Latterly, it has been reported that ginger roots extracts express anti-inflammatory [13], antioncogenic [14], and antiemetic effects [15] and antihypercholesterolemic effect as well [16]. ...
Over the past decades, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death all over the world, and among these diseases there is atherosclerosis caused mainly by an increase in plasmatic cholesterol levels and by strong oxidation caused by free radicals. For these reasons and others, we explored in this report the hypolipidemic and the antioxidant effects of Zingiber officinale crude aqueous and methanolic extract. The hypolipidemic study was carried out in high-fat-fed mice model. Animals were subdivided into four groups and were orally treated with the aqueous extract once daily for twelve weeks at two doses: 250 and 500 mg/Kg. During the treatment, the body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins have been defined every four weeks. The antioxidant activity has been studied using radical scavenging activity, β -carotene bleaching, reducing power assay, and the TBARs tests. The daily oral administration of the extracts for twelve weeks significantly improved the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner, from the first until the twelfth week, and also showed a significant antioxidant effect. These findings may be potentially contributive to the validation of the medicinal use of Z. officinale to treat hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular complications.
... Zingiber officinale commonly referred to as Ginger is widely used around the world as a spice. It is also widely used in traditional alternative medicine in the treatment and management of various disorders including catarrh, rheumatism, nervous diseases, gingivitis, toothache, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes [10,11]. Phyllantus spp is widely cultivated in Africa. ...
In this study the antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal formulation- ZPC was investigated in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Rats having Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level above 250 mg/dl after 72 hrs were considered diabetic and used for the studies. Five rats served as non- diabetic control (Group 1) while twenty diabetic rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The four groups (Groups 2,3,4 and 5) received 1ml (diabetic control), 250 mg/kg chlorpropamide and ZPC at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg respectively for 28 days. During the treatment period, the FBS and bodyweight of rats were monitored weekly and on day 28, the rats were euthanized and blood samples collected for serum lipid profile analysis. Results obtained indicated that following administration of streptozotocin, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) decrease in HDL concentration compared to non- diabetic control. However, following the treatment with the polyherbal formulation, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the FBS level and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight of rats compared to the diabetic control. The polyherbal formulation also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL concentration compared to diabetic control. It was concluded that, ZPC might serve as a good alternative or as an adjunct to the oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of diabetes.
... The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice or a common condiment widely used for a variety of foods and beverages [1]. Traditionally, ginger is used alone or mixed with other biological substances in remedies for treating colds, osteoarthritis [2], cardiovascular disease [3], asthma [4], dyslipidemia [5], nausea, and vomiting [6,7]. The major active components in fresh ginger have been identified to be zingerone and gingerols, while shogaols, paradols, and gingerdione are produced from the corresponding zingerone and gingerol during thermal processing [8,9]. ...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely consumed as an important spice or a common condiment in food and beverages. This study focuses on the determination of pungent and bioactive components in ginger and their antioxidant activity using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the major components of the pungent compounds were zingerone, shogaols, gingerols, paradols, wikstromol, and carinol. Using spectroscopic methods, the antioxidant capacity of ginger aqueous extract was found to be 16.0 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of ginger extract, and the total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated to be 7.8 mg GAE/g ginger extract and 15.4 mg Quercetin equivalent (QE) per gram of ginger extract, respectively. Electroanalytical quantification estimated the antioxidant capacity of the ginger infusion to be 23.5 μmol GAE/g ginger extract, which is slightly higher than that estimated using chemical assay. The results may provide useful information for the development of ginger processing and utilization as a flavoring agent, and for our understanding of ginger as a source of natural antioxidants.
... Herbs and plants have been in use as a source of therapeutic compounds in traditional medicine [6]. Ginger has been used traditionally for treatment of many diseases, especially respiratory disorders [15,16]. Before any discussion, it should be remembered that both experimental and control groups of tracheal strips showed similar responses to acetylcholine. ...
... Many drugs used for fatty liver therapy have adverse side effects such as Statins drugs (HMG-CoA reductase): Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastain and Simvastatin, besides Fibrate drugs: Gemfibrozil, Clofibrate, and Fenofibrate, which side effects are muscle problems, an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, and increased liver enzymes in the blood due to liver damage, other possible adverse effects of these drugs include: neuropathy, pancreatic and hepatic dysfunction, sexual dysfunction and formation of hepatic tumor in some conditions. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is used worldwide in foods as a spice and herbal medicines (Wang and Wang, 2005;Tapsell et al 2006). Rhizomes of ginger contain protein 12%, crude fiber 7%, starch 46%, water extract 20%, alcohol extract 6%, ash 7%, minerals, vitamins (niacin and vit. ...
The inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale extract against some pathogenic bacteria andmicrobial content of minced beaf
Raft-forming liquid formulations incorporating ginger extract solid dispersion (GE-SD) were developed to achieve prolonged delivery of 6-gingerol in the stomach and thus increase the effectiveness of gastric ulcer treatment. The solubility of 6-gingerol in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) was maximized (15 mg/mL) by combining ginger extract with PVP K30 at 1:3 w/w ratio to produce a solid dispersion. The nature of GE-SD was confirmed by PXRD and FT-IR analysis. PXRD pattern showed miscibility of GE and PVP K30 in amorphous solid dispersion and the FT-IR spectra confirmed the formation of hydrogen bond between GE and PVP K30. GE-SD-loaded raft-forming liquids were prepared using sodium alginate as a gel former and HPMC as a release-controlling agent. The formulations exhibited rapid floating behavior in 0.1 N HCl (<30 s) and remained afloat on the surface over 8 h. The formed raft structures provided sufficient strength (>7.5 g) and allowed sustained release of more than 70 % of the 6-gingerol content over 8 h in 0.1 N HCl. Raft-forming formulations incorporating ginger extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells (IC50 = 5.13 ± 0.07 μg/mL). Exposure to the formulations also had a significant cytotoxic effect on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells with an IC50 of 17.45 ± 0.29 μg/mL. In addition, the raft-forming formulations enhanced the migratory behavior of L929 mouse fibroblasts in the scratch wound model. Taken together, these findings reveal the benefits of gastro-retentive, GE-SD-loaded raft-forming liquid formulations for improving the treatment of gastric ulcers.
Purpose: The liver is largest metabolic organ involved in detoxification and synthesis of essential biomolecules in the human body. Liver damage occurs due to chronic alcohol abuse, viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C) medicines, poor hygiene, smoking, dietary substances, chemicals (Carbon tetra chloride, thioacetamide, acetaminophen, D-Galactosamine) or herb induced hepatotoxicity. The liver filters all the blood from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body to avoid the entry of toxins in the other body system and prevent severe consequences. Hepatic insufficiency may increase plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerols with high risk of atheroscelerosis and cardiovascular disease. Free radical formation in the alcohol use result in development of hepatitis leading to cirrhosis. Plants have been used to protect liver injury by various chemicals. Methodology: In this study we reviewed some popular herbal plants having hepatoprotective potential. Findings: Polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids are natural antioxidants and the consumption of foods that contain these compounds in large quantities seems to play an important role in prophylaxis against many diseases. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Herbal drugs are safe and have potential to cure hepatotoxicity. In India many plants have been identified as hepatoprotective drugs and used to treat liver disorders.
Research findings have indicated cardiovascular disease (CVD) to be the major morbidity and mortality in adult man.The protective effect of ginger extract against Monosodium Glutamate-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in 48 wistar rats (weighing 150-250 g) classified into 6 groups (8 rats per group). The rats in control group (Group A) received distilled water for 21 successive days. The rats in treated (Group B) were treated with 4g/kg/day of MSG orally for 21 successive days, rats in treated group (Group C) were treated with 1g/kg/day of ginger extract orally for 21 successive days, rats in treated group (Group D) received 2g/kg/day of ginger extract orally for 21 successive days, rats in treated group (Group E) received 4g/kg/day of MSG and 1g/kg/day of ginger extract orally for 21 successive days, rats in treated group (Group F) received 4g/kg/day of MSG and 2g/kg/day of ginger extract orally for 21 successive days. Results show that MSG administration resulted in changes in body weight, significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and distortions to cardiac tissue as compared to rats treated with ginger extract. The cardiac tissues of the aqueous Ginger-treated rats showed preserved tissue compared with distorted cardiac in MSG-treated rats. Ginger extract improves the histological changes by induced by MSG in the cardiac muscle cells in comparison with the control. The study concluded that, ginger extract when used concomitantly with MSG protects the heart against the toxicity induced by this flavour enhancer.
Obesity appears as fat accumulation in adipose tissue from high energy intake and insufficient energy
consumption. It is accompanied by several factors such as genetics, environmental, fetal nutrition,
energy intake and expenditure, and culture. These factors stimulate several other mechanisms that
contribute to obesity and obesity-related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis,
hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, etc. In the present article, we have examined the main factors,
symptoms, and special problems associated with obesity, mechanisms of obesity, and the relation of
important parameters with obesity. We have also depicted the various animal models for obesity
research. Lastly, we have described the management of obesity
Medicinal plants have posed as natural resources of compounds with pharmacological and nutritional properties aiding humans to prevent and treat diseases. These plants also have therapeutic properties and exert beneficial pharmacological effect on man and animal as curative medicine. Thus, necessitating the need to select some plants such as: Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola Heckel), Mimosa pudica, Ganoderma lucidium, Persea americana, Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Moringa Oleifera and grape in the treatment of viral infection. The study majorly review literatures on those selected plants in the treatment of viral infection due to their availability, affordability and current integration of herbal medicine into modern health care plan to proffer scientific solution to health care problem through the use of medicinal plant. Therefore, the active ingredients of these selected plants can be good candidates in the treatment of viral diseases.
Ginger is widely consumed spice across the globe and especially in Asian countries routinely employed in various culinary preparations. Ginger possesses many distinct bioactive molecules, have shown marked therapeutic benefits. The ginger aroma is mainly due to the volatile compounds present in the rhizome. The current paper focuses on comparison of volatile constituents present in different plant parts of ginger concerning maturity and effect of incorporation of freeze-dried ginger extract into ice cream. Fresh ginger was collected for 5 months (every 30 days) and analysed for their differences in volatile composition with respect to maturity. Later ginger juice was extracted from fresh ginger and freeze-dried. Freeze-dried ginger powder was incorporated into icecream at various concentrations and studied the microbiological and sensory quality. Results from GC–MS profiles revealed the dominance of sesquiterpenes. Zingiberene a major volatile compound, increased from 2.52 to 18.15% with an increase in maturity days, whereas ar-curcumin decreased from 12.58 to 3.84%. The freeze-dried ginger powder yielded 10.2 ± 0.1% of oleoresin, which consists of 3.6 ± 0.2% of 6-gingerol. The value added ice cream with gingerols had the desirable sensory attributes with the novelty of natural ginger flavour. Icecream was pleasant, with attractive visual appeal, which is an essential determinant for consumer acceptance. The microbial quality of the ice cream was compared with the FSSAI standards, and the study was found to be within acceptable limits.
Simple Summary
The present review updates the current knowledge about the beneficial effects of ginger and its derivatives as feed supplements to poultry feed, particularly its positive effects on the body weight, carcass traits, egg production and quality, reproductive performance, blood parameters, egg and meat quality and microbiological aspects as well as the economic efficiency.
Abstract
Poultry enterprises have sustained rapid development through the last three decennaries. For which reason, higher utilization of antibacterial, either as therapeutic or growth promoting agents, has been accepted. Owing to the concern of developing bacterial resistance among populations towards antibiotic generations, accumulation of antibacterial remaining’s in chicken products and elevating shopper request for outcomes without antibacterial remaining’s, looking for unconventional solutions that could exchange antibacterial without influencing productiveness or product characters. Using natural alternatives including ginger, garlic prebiotics, organic acids, plant extracts, etheric oils and immune stimulants have been applied to advance the performance, hold poultry productiveness, prevent and control the enteric pathogens and minimize the antibacterial utilization in the poultry production in recent years. The use of a single replacement or ideal assemblage of different choices besides good supervision and livestock welfare may play a basic role in maximizing benefits and preserving poultry productiveness. The object of this review was to support an outline of the recent knowledge on the use of the natural replacements (ginger and its derivatives) in poultry feed as feed additives and their effects on poultry performance, egg and meat quality, health as well as the economic efficiency.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) is the plant that today is used in abundance all around the world. In the past, this plant had been an important part of Chinese medicine, Hindi traditional medicine and Greek medicine. It was used in the treatment of various diseases like flu, rheumatism, nervous diseases, gingivitis, toothache, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes. To date, several animal and human studies have investigated the effect of ginger on blood glucose and lipids. The information of this article is obtained based on the results of our search in pubmed and elsevier databases. According to the findings of most studies in this basis, it seems that ginger probably can decrease blood glucose and insulin, increase insulin sensitivity and improves lipid profile, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this review, we represent some of these studies and discuss the possible mechanisms of the effect of ginger on glycemia and lipid profile.
Objective: The current study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract on renal damage induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in rats. Methods: Forty albino male rats 180-200gm, (6-7) weeks age were equally divided into four groups: control (normal saline), HgCl2, HgCl2+ Z officinale, and only Z officinale. The body weight and weight of the kidney were measured at the end of the experiment (8) weeks. Biochemical data were well supported by histopathological findings. Result: It was founded that a significant decrease of the body weight and the number of proximal convoluted tubules(pct) (P≤ 0.05) between normal saline and HgCl2 group. While a significant increase in kidney weight and diameter of the proximal convoluted tubules(pct), creatinine, urea, and MDA of HgCl2compared with the control group. The study also revealed significant increase (P≤0.O5) body weight and the number of (pct) with a significant decrease(P≤0.05) in weight of kidney and diameter of the (pct), creatinine, urea, and MDA of groups treated with ethanolic extract of Z officinale group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Z officinale extracts may be an ideal choice against oxidative damage induced by HgCl2.
Herbs are now a days widely used because plant herbs provide many benefits of human health another reason is no side effect herbs, synthetic drug have more side effects on the human body. India is popularly known for traditional medicines. Traditional plants have been used from ancient time for the treatment of many diseases like antiemetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant Effects. Zingiber is one of them, the medicinal plants find application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industry. The efficacy of some herbal products is beyond doubt, the most recent examples being Silybummarianum (Linn.) Gaertn (Silymarin), Artemisia annua Linn. (artemesinin) and Taxus baccata Linn. (taxol). Randomized, controlled trials have proved the efficacy of some established remedies, for instance Zingier officinaleRosc. Commonly known as ginger. After extensive pharmacological studies, it has been concluded that ginger has significant anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic and chemo-protective effects.
Objectives:
To summarize the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses that evaluated the efficacy of ginger in treating any conditions and critically assess the quality of these evidence.
Methods:
A systematic search of the literature was conducted from inception until February 28, 2019 using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, and four Chinese databases. Literature selection and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The quality of SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence.
Results:
Twenty-seven SRs were included. The number of included studies were various, range from 3 to 27. The condition with the most included SRs was nausea and vomiting (n = 12, 44.4%). Many SRs showed a promising efficacy of ginger, including nausea and vomiting, metabolic syndrome and pain, while the effect of ginger for platelet aggregation failed to draw a certain conclusion. The quality of SRs was heterogeneous. All of included SRs well complied with the Item 1 ("research questions included the components of PICO") and Item 3 ("explained selection of the study designs for inclusion"). Twenty review failed to provide registration information. Only one SR reported the sources of funding for studies included.
Conclusions:
In our overview, most of SRs suggest ginger is a promising herbal medicine for health care, which is beneficial for nausea and vomiting, metabolic syndrome and pain. However, considering the limited quality of included evidence and heterogeneity of different clinical trials, more well-design studies are required to confirm the conclusion further.
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and skin protective effects of essential oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a traditional Chinese medicine, spice, and food. Essential oil was extracted from ginger by hydrodistillation. Forty-three compounds were identified in ginger essential oil (GEO) by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. GEO comprised α-zingiberene (26.00 %), β-sesquiphyllandrene (8.10 %), α-curcumene (7.99 %), α-bergamotene (7.99 %), β-bisabolene (7.47 %), and ar-turmerone (3.86 %). Skin damage induced by eight-week Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, including erythema, wrinkles, and skin inflammation in nude mice. GEO treatment at three different concentrations ameliorated UVB-induced skin inflammation and inhibited interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α expression in skin tissues. Therefore, GEO adequately protected the skin from UVB irradiation and photoaging.
The gingerol compounds of freeze-dried ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were extracted by liquid carbon dioxide (600–700 p.s.i.), isolated by thin-layer chromatography and fractionated into individual gingerol compounds by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Two homologous series, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-gingerols and methyl-6-, methyl-8-, methyl-10-, methyl-12-gingerols were identified by the combined results of (1) high-performance liquid chromatographic retention in analytical column; (2) molecular ion determination of isolated gingerol compounds by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry; (3) gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of aldehydes and ketones formed from the thermal degradation of the corresponding gingerol compounds. This is the first report of the presence in ginger of 14-gingerol and gingerols with methyl sidechains.
A rapid process has been developed for the isolation of [6]-, [8]- and [10]-gingerols, in quantities between 40mg to 500mg, from powdered root ginger using countercurrent chromatography. Minor modifications to the procedure allowed the separation of [4]- gingerol. Optimisation of the CCC technique also led to the development of a normal phase HPLC system using a diol-bonded column eluted with the less polar phase of a typical countercurrent system. This system resolved the gingerols present in a crude methanol extract and gave good separation from potentially interfering constituents.
Three new dehydroshogaols have been isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and synthesis.