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A new paradigm of design and health in hospital planning
Abstract
The problem of psychosocially supportive design or healthy workplace design is one of the most mysterious and meaningful challenges for the architects and designers that create our daily workplace. This paper poses the question of healthy workplace design and the very need of human beings that spend more than 80% of their time in man-made indoor environments.
... afirma que esse viés holístico, assumido pelos termos "saúde" e "bem--estar", requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, considerando não só os fatores físicos, mas também os psicossociais, culturais e, também, ergonômicos.É fato que os ambientes construídos possuem um grande impacto na saúde e no bem-estar humanos(DILANI, 2006;MEGAHED; GHONEIM, 2020;STEEMERS, 2015). Eles são responsáveis por abrigarem de 80 a 90% das atividades humanas diárias(DILANI, 2006;STEEMERS, 2015) e, portanto, possuem implicações a longo prazo na qualidade de vida humana(STEEMERS, 2015). ...
... afirma que esse viés holístico, assumido pelos termos "saúde" e "bem--estar", requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, considerando não só os fatores físicos, mas também os psicossociais, culturais e, também, ergonômicos.É fato que os ambientes construídos possuem um grande impacto na saúde e no bem-estar humanos(DILANI, 2006;MEGAHED; GHONEIM, 2020;STEEMERS, 2015). Eles são responsáveis por abrigarem de 80 a 90% das atividades humanas diárias(DILANI, 2006;STEEMERS, 2015) e, portanto, possuem implicações a longo prazo na qualidade de vida humana(STEEMERS, 2015). ...
... Fica claro que, dentro do contexto atual de pandemia da Covid-19, esses dados se tornam ainda mais relevantes.Ademais,Dilani (2006) afirma que, dentro das estratégias de promoção de bem-estar em ambientes construídos, há dois tipos de perspectivas: a patogênica e a salutogênica. A primeira objetiva reduzir os fatores de risco do ambiente,ou seja, identificar e diminuir os componentes do espaço que constituem um risco físico, psicológico ou social para o(s) indivíduo(s). ...
De rápida evolução e significativos impactos, a
pandemia da Covid-19 fez do Brasil um de seus
epicentros mundiais. Ao contrário de muitas cidades
ao redor do mundo, as brasileiras ainda carecem de
estratégias para garantir a saúde pública de seus
usuários. Ser privado de vivenciar a cidade e das
dinâmicas que caracterizam a urbanidade levou a
uma reflexão sobre a real importância da vida nas
cidades. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é debater a
qualidade do ambiente urbano dentro da dinâmica
das cidades frente à pandemia do novo coronavírus,
e as respostas dadas pelas cidades a esta crise,
tendo como pano de fundo a urbanidade advinda
deste desafio. Com relação à metodologia adotada,
trata-se de artigo descritivo-reflexivo baseado em
revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa, além
de reflexão crítica sobre o tema. Como conclusão
principal, o artigo demonstra como a mobilidade
ativa, aliada ao urbanismo tático, podem ser fundamentais
na adaptação rápida das cidades. Ainda, ressalta
que a Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana,
alinhada a estratégias de infraestrutura urbana,
financiamento público, governança e disponibilização
de dados, configura-se como oportunidade
de resposta das cidades brasileiras ao contexto da
pandemia. Conclui-se que estas práticas não devem
ser adotadas somente no que tange aos aspectos
emergenciais da Covid-19. A mesma cidade que é
palco de momentos de apreensão para seus cidadãos,
pode trazer a possibilidade do antídoto, de
renascimento da urbanidade.
... These compositional elements have been profusely investigated (e.g., [24,[32][33][34]41,42,51]), establishing the associations between them and the perceptions and experiences they evoke having a specific impact on mental health. According to Dietrich's categorization of the compositional elements (i.e., shapes, lines, lighting, colors, materials, texture, mass, and space) [52], some research exists on simple shapes [53,54], complex shapes [35,36,[55][56][57], organic shapes [40,58], color ranges [56,[59][60][61][62], color saturation and intensity [63][64][65][66], light intensity [40,67], type of light [68][69][70][71][72], the openings [9,37,68,[73][74][75][76][77], materials [61,[78][79][80], order and rhythm [81,82], and mass [83]. ...
... These choices appear to support the new ways of understanding architecture postulated by the International Style architects, in which they break with the old style and "destroy the box" and incorporate the concept of time into architecture, and with it the user and his or her motivations [43]. In addition, this deconstruction translates into greater openings and a consequent visual connection with nature and the entry of natural light, two elements that the salutogenic model highlights as indicators of well-being (e.g., [12,13,24,51,75,106]). Thus, the preferred lighting is daylight (L2.1) in abundance (L1.4), a finding supporting that obtained by Hesen and Lamberts [37] in their simulation study. ...
... Specifically, the extraversion trait correlated negatively with non-pure geometric shapes (S2) and positively with daylight (L1); the openness trait correlated positively with rhythm-order and position (R2, R3); the consciousness trait correlated positively with rectangular proportion (P1) and gravity-weight (G2); the neuroticism trait correlated positively with non-pure geometric shapes (S2); and happiness correlated negatively with non-pure geometric shapes (S2) and color ranges (C3), and positively with daylight (L1). Other authors have found similar associations between these regulatory parameters and compositional elements (e.g., [24,[32][33][34]41,42,51]). These results support the proposed importance of taking into account the relationship between regulatory parameters and compositional elements in order to plan spaces that promote well-being and health. ...
Based on the transactional and salutogenic perspectives, we explored individual profiles that integrate psychosocial factors and compositional elements of the built home environment. Adults with different socio-demographic characteristics completed several self-report measures on psychological factors (personality traits, self-efficacy, mental health, and happiness) and architectural elements constituting the ideal home environment. Adopting an individual-centered perspective, three distinct intra-individual psycho-architectural (person-environment) profiles were found with different compositional preferences and psychosocial characteristics in terms of functioning, health, and well-being: endopathic (characterized by higher levels of psychosocial resources and well-being indicating a highly adapted and successful profile, and architectural preferences corresponding to their identities and experiences—expression through spaces), assimilative (characterized by average levels in all regulatory parameters indicating moderately adaptive individuals, and architectural preferences of spaces created in interactive processes—introjection of spaces), and additive individuals (characterized by a comparatively dysfunctional, poorer psychosocial profile, and architectural preferences in line with provoking a restorative effect—change with spaces). An awareness of the psychosocial features of the users for whom the homes are built can help in designing spaces to inhabit that are adapted to them for an enhancement of their overall well-being. Therefore, a better understanding of the interconnections between psychology and architecture will help in designing healthy spaces.
... Salutogenic hypothesis is definitely not an ideal model of health (Strümpfer, Gouws, & Viviers, 1998), however as hypothesis, it does have an extension and point of view that different methods for understanding health need (Dilani, 2005). Salutogenesis is a method for understanding the whole range of health and sickness, paying little mind to particularity and detail. ...
... Understanding this, Dilani (2005Dilani ( , 2017 and the International Academy of Design and Health (which the seats) has effectively elevated the hypothesis to industry. The outcomes have been a quick enhancement in the general nature of new human services structures the world over, and keeping in mind that this is exceptionally welcome, industry does not have the nuanced comprehension of the hypothesis expected to bespeak and extends the extent of salutogenic mediations (Dilani, 2017) (Dilani, 2005) Salutogenesis suggests that great enthusiastic, mental and physical health is kept up through a dynamic capacity to adjust to groundbreaking conditions. ...
... Understanding this, Dilani (2005Dilani ( , 2017 and the International Academy of Design and Health (which the seats) has effectively elevated the hypothesis to industry. The outcomes have been a quick enhancement in the general nature of new human services structures the world over, and keeping in mind that this is exceptionally welcome, industry does not have the nuanced comprehension of the hypothesis expected to bespeak and extends the extent of salutogenic mediations (Dilani, 2017) (Dilani, 2005) Salutogenesis suggests that great enthusiastic, mental and physical health is kept up through a dynamic capacity to adjust to groundbreaking conditions. The inverse is likewise valid-powers that keep the capacity to adjust apply an etiological impact on ailment (A. ...
Iran is faced the huge of the population of elderly in next decade, and it caused the changing planning in healthcare facilities, for instance, the hospital is the one of main residence of them, but the big question is that what should be the design of this facility? The theory of healthcare salutogenic believes how the design of the environment to order either promotion health and getting wellness for humankind, in this study the theory of salutogenic are defined and this important question will be answered how this salutogenic design can be used in the design of healthcare buildings for the ageing people.
... As the general affinity and connection to such spaces commonly found in natural environments persists, its origins seem likely to be evolutionary. From a design perspective, Salutogenic Design principles highlight the importance of creating spaces containing qualities of manageability (the physical resources needed to keep on going), comprehensibility (information about the life situations people find themselves in) and meaningfulness (the sum of reasons why people should continue living) which together create a sense of coherence (Dilani, 2004;Golembiewski, 2012). Researchers in the area of Salutogenic Design believe that achieving a sense of coherence in design contributes to the ability of those accessing the built environment to cope better and that such design thereby promotes health and well-being (Dilani, 2004;Golembiewski, 2012). ...
... From a design perspective, Salutogenic Design principles highlight the importance of creating spaces containing qualities of manageability (the physical resources needed to keep on going), comprehensibility (information about the life situations people find themselves in) and meaningfulness (the sum of reasons why people should continue living) which together create a sense of coherence (Dilani, 2004;Golembiewski, 2012). Researchers in the area of Salutogenic Design believe that achieving a sense of coherence in design contributes to the ability of those accessing the built environment to cope better and that such design thereby promotes health and well-being (Dilani, 2004;Golembiewski, 2012). From this perspective, access to natural spaces as indicated via the benefits to users in the literature contributes to the creation of meaningfulness and through this the ability to cope better. ...
... As built environments accessed by large numbers of the public, health care facilities are known as places in which stress, anxiety and challenging day-to-day scenarios are the norm. These feelings can be physiologically manifested as increased muscle tension, high blood pressure and high levels of stress hormones (Dilani, 2004). The interviews conducted throughout this study have indicated that participants endure feelings of helplessness, stress and anxiety and face extremely challenging situations in this setting. ...
... Of decisive importance here is the sense of coherence postulated by Antonovsky, which can be divided into the three aspects of "comprehensibility, " "manageability, " and "meaningfulness" (Bengel et al., 1998, p. 28 f.). As also taken up later under the term Salutogenic Design (Dilani, 2005), the built environment can have a significant influence on the expression of this sense of coherence (e.g., Rehn, 2019). ...
... While already early work from the 19th century draws interrelations between design and health (e.g., Nightingale, 1860Nightingale, , 1863, Ulrich's (1984) seminal paper on views from a hospital window can be seen as the starting point of extensive exploration of the impact of design on health and wellbeing. Continuously, frameworks elaborated on this idea emphasizing partly different design aspects such as therapeutic landscapes (Gesler, 1993), psychosocially-supportive design (Ulrich, 1997), salutogenic design (Dilani, 2005), healing environments (Dijkstra, 2009), and biophilic design (Kellert et al., 2008;Ryan and Browning, 2020). Whereas these frameworks mainly focus on direct effects on health and wellbeing, other approaches extend this scope by addressing how design can influence health behavior (e.g., Fogg, 2003;Lockton et al., 2010;Michie et al., 2014;Rehn, 2018). ...
With roughly half of the global population living in cities, urban environments become central to public health often perceived as health risk factors. Indeed, mental disorders show higher incidences in urban contexts compared to rural areas. However, shared urban environments also provide a rich potential to act as a resource for mental health and as a platform to increase mental health literacy. Based on the concepts of salutogenesis and restorative environments, we propose a framework for urban design interventions. It outlines (a) an output level, i.e., preventive and discursive potentials of such interventions to act as biopsychosocial resources, and (b) a process level, i.e., mechanisms of inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration of researchers and citizens in the design process. This approach aims at combining evidence-based, salutogenic, psychosocially-supportive design with a focus on mental health. Implementing low-threshold, resource-efficient options in the existing urban context brings this topic to the public space. Implications for the implementation of such interventions for citizens, researchers, and municipality stakeholders are discussed. This illustrates new directions of research for urban person-environment interactions, public health, and beyond.
... Following many years of effort of Alan Dilani and the International Academy of Design and Health (Dilani, 2006(Dilani, , 2008, the term 'salutogenic' has made inroads to hospital design, and it is creeping into the architectural design of aged care, schools, workplaces and correctional care -at least at first as a buzzword for marketing. The term was coined to describe Antonovsky's model for socio-environmental influences on health. ...
... Since Dilani (2006) brought the concept of salutogenesis to healthcare design, he has led the International Academy for Design and Health to promote salutogenic theory in healthcare architecture throughout the world, even offering an annual prize for excellence in salutogenic architecture. As a result, the concept has grown in popularity at least as a buzzword. ...
In this chapter, the author suggests adding another domain in our life to be viewed through the salutogenic lens: architectural design. In a creative and explorative discussion, the author analyses detailed and concrete examples and offers ideas on how architecture can advance comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in our lives.
... Because Salutogenic theory has this higher-level validity that makes sense beyond the specific findings of particular experiments and design interventions (Strümpfer et al. 1998a;1998b), it provides a basis for informed decision making in the absence of specific knowledge, or whenever circumstances are too complex to suggest easy solutions. Understanding this, Dilani (2006Dilani ( , 2008 and the International Academy of Design and Health (which he chairs) has actively promoted the theory to industry. The results have been a rapid improvement in the overall quality of new healthcare buildings around the world, and while this is very welcome, industry lacks the nuanced understanding of the theory needed to bespoke and expand the scope of salutogenic interventions. ...
... Since Dilani (2006) brought the concept of salutogenesis to healthcare design, he has led the International Academy for Design and Health to promote salutogenic theory in healthcare architecture throughout the world, even offering an annual prize for excellence in salutogenic architecture. As a result, the concept has grown in popularity and has become a buzzword in the healthcare architecture procurement chain. ...
The term ‘salutogenic’ is widely used in healthcare architecture, even though very few healthcare architects have much of a handle on what the term means. Here, we clarify the key concepts of salutogenesis, demonstrate how they work and show how they have been designed into healthcare facilities to yield exemplary results.
The central idea is that there are three resources that combine to provide a Sense of Coherence—a forward thrust that resists the entropic forces of illness and infirmity. The sense of coherence is made up of resources that improve manageability—the capacity to maintain homeostasis and physical function; resources that improve comprehensibility—an ability to negotiate circumstances in order to maximise their benefit; and resources that enrich a sense of meaningfulness—the desires, causes and concerns that give us the need to resist illness in the first place.
... Similar studies have been made in hospital environments [7,12,13,44]. Dilani [13,14] studied work environment´s influence on hospital staff, and Caspari et al (8] studied patient's opinion of healthy hospital environments. * Recent studies on aesthetics on other workplaces are rare. ...
... Perceived environmental attributes, neighbourhood and workplace design characteristics are associated with well-being and job satisfaction [10,32]. In addition to ergonomics and work organisation an aesthetically supportive and harmonious physical environment may influence employees´ views of their workplaces and their own health [11,14,26,27]. According to Helander 2005 [19] the work chair's design, aesthetics and comfort might be as important as its ergonomic advantages. ...
Associations between self-reported needs for aesthetic and ergonomic improvements were studied to analyse a possible impact of aesthetic needs on job performance as compared to ergonomic needs in 11 occupational groups. Employees at Swedish broadcasting company were invited to participate in a cross sectional study. 74% (n = 1961/2641) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Demographic data from company files and a pre-validated questionnaire were used. 'High rank' and 'low rank' aesthetic and ergonomic needs were compared. The perceived needs for aesthetic and ergonomic improvements showed significantly different distributions (p<0.001). Aesthetic needs were more frequently reported. No gender related differences were observed. Differences between occupational groups were shown (p=0.006, 0.003). 'High rank' needs for aesthetic and ergonomic improvements were similarly associated to psychological demands, stress, pain and age. 16/24 factors showed significant differences between 'high and low rank' aesthetic needs, whereas 21/24 between ergonomic needs. Sick leave was stronger related to ergonomics. The study results show a relation between not only work place ergonomics but also work place aesthetics to health and well-being. Future work health promotion and prevention may benefit from the inclusion of workplace aesthetics.
... A percepção do conforto ambiental é individual e única, sendo esta, o modo do ser humano compreender seu entorno. Estudos sobre esse tema comprovam que a ventilação natural, a possibilidade de controle do ambiente, a presença de distrações positivas, a iluminação natural, dentre outros, podem auxiliar o tratamento médico antecipando a alta dos pacientes (DILANI, 2005;ULRICH et al., 2004). Desta forma, podem ser minimizados os impactos causados pelo afastamento dos pacientes de suas casas ou pela jornada de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. ...
... DfHF aims to build on Dilani's (2005) efforts to interpret Salutogenesis as the starting point for theoretical approaches for design, by focusing on the question of what can help to flourish. Thus, DfHF, is also characterized by a fully positive starting point, and a design focus on augmenting the positive, as visualized by the slider pointing at 'stimulating positive' in Figure 1. ...
Architects today still highly rely on intuition attempting to handle more emotional, well-being-related design requests of clients. It seems that newly formed design demands present challenges that cannot be fully answered through the current existing design paradigms. Additionally, a ‘humanization’ trend in architectural design can be noticed of influences that steer architecture on a more ‘humane’ course, thereby advocating the viability of ‘well-being’ as a structured design approach in architecture. This paper aims to answer to this current momentum in architecture, by explicating a novel design approach called ‘Design for Human Flourishing’ (DfHF), based on a literature study of well-being theory through an architectural lens. Concretely, five well-being related attributes will be identified that define DfHF’s characteristics. Furthermore, what DfHF means in architectural practice will be illustrated via a design example.
... While there is emerging research and practice that explores the potential for the physical environment to be salutogenic, no examples could be found that explicitly relate to the physical school environment, and very few that deal with environments outside healthcare facilities. Of the research dealing with healthcare facilities, the most cited include Dilani (2006Dilani ( , 2008 and Golembiewski (2010Golembiewski ( , 2014Golembiewski ( , 2016Golembiewski ( , 2017. In terms of other environments, there is research to do with work environments that look promising, including that of Ruohomäki, Lahtinen, and Reijula (2015). ...
This chapter proposes a holistic
approach to designing
school spaces that envisages student
wellbeing as flourishing
. It focusses on the potential of design
and the physical school environment
to enhance student
capability enabling students to flourish by living a life they have reason to value. The first part discusses a
capabilities approach
to wellbeing and explores the role of the senses, perception and emotions in wellbeing and the existential possibility
for flourishing that they afford. Building on this conceptual foundation, the second part presents a new Salutogenic design framework for wellbeing as flourishing
which offers a theoretically based holistic
design
approach for educators
as well as designers that responds to the values
, interests and needs
of the students who experience school spaces.
... Focusing on health promotion and prevention of disease for the elderly is advantageous for both the elderly individual and society at large (Statens Folkhalsoinsitut 2002:27). Health-promoting processes are becoming a central factor in the creation of a health supportive physical environment (Dilani, 2005). The role of the environment in the health improving process is a growing concern among architects, designers, environmental psychologies, and health care providers (Devlin, 2003). ...
The objective of this research study was twofold; 1) to explore and identify health supportive design factors in Swedish elderly care homes and 2) to understand their usefulness and suggest implication in Korean elderly care settings. A descriptive and explorative method was applied using a combination of field studies and semi-structured interviews. Three study trips were carried out during Sept. 14 th and Oct. 12 th 2005; two facilities situated in Stockholm suburbs and one in the south of Sweden. According to this research, the valuable factors to support health and well-being for the elderly are as follows; 1) Community integration: These elderly care homes are generally places close to a residential area center or a city center. Services are often shared between residents and community members at large, consequently there is a flow of "visitors" of all ages connecting with the facility on a daily basis. 2) Homelike environment: A noteworthy aspect of Swedish elderly care homes is keeping the facility appearance as homelike as possible. The associations with home may be explored through the appearance and configuration of both the exterior and interior of the building. These homes seemed to be designed with a conscious aim to create a homelike setting. 3) Small scale approach: Clustering of resident rooms is one method through which the small scale approach can be achieved in larger facilities. With unit clusters, the facility can foster opportunities for social interactions among resident. 4) Accessibility to garden and nature: The courtyard is a well developed concept in planning elderly care homes in Sweden. They are generally safe and easily accessible to the residents. Studying Swedish models may provide practical knowledge of how the physical setting may improve resident's health in Korean elderly care homes.
... Nearly $200 billion is expected to be spent on renovating and replacing health care facilities during the next 10 years. Mounting evidence reveals that environmental design and aesthetics have significant effects on health, healing, and safety and that these changes can impact hospitals economically and ecologically (Carroll, 2005;Dilani, 2005;Matthew & Crabtree, 2006;Pitts & Hamilton, 2005;Zigmond, 2006). ...
Significant renovation, expansion, and new construction of health care facilities is expected during the next several years. Nurse leaders must expand their knowledge of the design process and evidence of design features that enhance safety, efficiency, and healing. In this article, the authors discuss the development of a graduate-level nursing course that provides nurse leaders with knowledge and competencies in health care design and enables them to engage in effective interdisciplinary communication during the design process. Part I of this two-part series, which was published last month, discussed the basic concepts, principles, and issues related to evidence-based design (Cesario, 2009).
... In addition, hospital pharmacists also engage in general management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling), inventory management, human resource management, marketing management, and financial management of pharmacies . Dilani (2005) pointed out that hospital employee's workplaces have been limited to indoor environments, with more than 80% of their working time spent indoors within these hospital settings. Moreover, hospital pharmacists spend almost the whole business day in indoor working environments, including the basement portions of the buildings, where many hospitals carry out most of their pharmaceutical functions (ranging from dispensing rooms to the storage rooms). ...
In health care, architects, interior designers, engineers, and health care administrators need to pay attention to the construction and design of health care facilities. Research is needed to better understand how health professionals and employees perceive their work environment to improve the physical environment in which they work.
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the physical environment of hospital pharmacies on hospital pharmacists' work outcomes.
This cross-sectional mailed survey study of individual hospital pharmacists used a structured questionnaire developed to cover perceptions of the ambient conditions and the space/function(s) of pharmacists' work environments. It included aspects such as dispensing areas, pharmaceuticals areas, storage areas, and administrative offices. Work outcomes were job satisfaction, intentions to leave or reduce job working hours, and job-related stress. Hospital pharmacists in Taiwan (n = 182) returned the mailed surveys. Structural equation modeling was performed to validate the construct of the physical environment of a hospital pharmacy and the causal model for testing the effect of the physical environment on pharmacists' work outcomes.
For hospital pharmacy workplaces, more favorable perceptions of the workplace's physical environment were positively associated with overall job satisfaction, but such perceptions were also negatively related to intentions to quit employment or to reduce working hours. However, the effect of the physical environment on job stress within the workplace was not supported.
The designs of physical environments deserve attention to create more appropriate and healthier environments for hospital pharmacies. Further research should be devoted to trace more psychological responses to the physical environment from a longitudinal perspective.
Resumo da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo – UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências de Arquitetura.
A presente dissertação de Mestrado apresenta como objeto de estudo o paradoxo entre a elevada aceitação dos benefícios do uso da ventilação natural no ambiente de saúde e sua baixa adoção nos projetos arquitetônicos. Dada a existência de um amplo consenso acerca da potencialidade da ventilação natural em ambientes terapêuticos, cabe compreender os fatores que influenciam a sua (não) adoção. A pesquisa encontra sua justificativa na potencialidade da ventilação natural como forma de promoção do conforto, contribuindo para o bem-estar e saúde dos usuários dos ambientes de internação hospitalar. E tem como objetivo identificar, a partir das percepções dos usuários de enfermarias de internação, elementos que possam favorecer, ou obstaculizar a adoção da ventilação natural, tendo em vista constituir-se em fator importante no que se refere ao conforto e à humanização dos ambientes de saúde. Para tanto o trabalho fundamentou-se em revisão da literatura que nos revelou um panorama histórico dos ambientes de saúde com recorte na ventilação natural. Para isso, foram selecionados dois hospitais como estudos de casos: o Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG) e o Hospital Municipal Lourenço Jorge (HMLJ). A pesquisa se desenvolveu com a simulação computacional, entrevistas com usuários nos hospitais de estudo e medições com instrumentos de precisão. Para a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas utilizou-se de teste de associação livre de palavras (TEP) e escala de Likert. Os resultados indicaram que houve correlação entre as atitudes dos entrevistados, com os índices de conforto adaptativo normatizados pela Sociedade Americana de Engenheiros de Aquecimento, Refrigeração e Ar Condicionado na ASHRAE 55 Standard:2017. Conclui-se que é possível o uso da ventilação natural em alguns meses do ano em cidades de climas quentes em ambientes de internação, entretanto, é necessário um estudo detalhado do caminho dos ventos e do conforto subjetivo dos usuários.
Using a constructivist approach, this study focuses on how the design and the physical environment of one contemporary hospital in Canada are perceived by the healthcare professionals and how these factors affect their work and their well-being. Data was collected by observing the physical setting and healthcare professionals’ behavior and included semi-structured interviews of 44 healthcare professionals of two care units during 3 months in 2018. The analysis is based on both comparative and interpretive approaches. Results showed that this physical environment is supportive of the work of healthcare professionals and, keeping in mind the linear spatial organization and decentralized layout, this study highlights the importance of adapting the organizational and management system to the spatial configuration of care units in order to achieve the performance and the well-being of these healthcare professionals.
Following neurotrauma, people may experience prolonged inpatient neurorehabilitation, during which they are dependent on and influenced by their immediate surroundings for support and stimulation. However, there is currently a lack of evidence relating to first person, or end-user, experiences of rehabilitation built environments, and consequently, limited knowledge of how to best design the physical space to promote rehabilitation after neurotrauma. Here, we report end-user experiences of rehabilitation after brain and spinal cord injury, to inform future rehabilitation environment design thinking. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with patients (n = 24) and staff (n = 33) from two adult neurorehabilitation units in Australia revealed that the neurorehabilitation setting was an important midpoint between hospital and home, where the built environment could facilitate, or block, two fundamental patient recovery processes: change and certainty. This study provides evidence that the built environment directly and dynamically contributes to rehabilitation and wellbeing following life-changing neurotrauma.
• Highlights
• The physical environment is central to the experience of recovery after neurotrauma
• Rehabilitation environments must respond to patient progress and growth during a potentially lengthy hospital stay
• An environmental emphasis on safety was reassuring for staff during early-stage rehabilitation
• A shift in emphasis to patient independence would support better recovery prior to discharge
• Environmental capacity for encouraging participation in usual activities could support identity and sense of purpose, which is important after cognitive injury
• The dynamic nature of rehabilitation practice ought to be reflected in the building design. This is a key challenge for future rehabilitation health design.
Purpose: Health is one of the most important interests in current and future human society. Various efforts, which to maintain and promote their good health conditions, continue to be tried in future urban and architectural environment. The purpose of this study is to establish an integrated framework of research approaches for healthy urban and architectural environment that continuously promotes health according to people`s entire life course. Methods: This was done by literature reviews, which is related to interdisciplinary researches for the determinants of health and healthy environment. Results: As a result of this study, an integrated research model, as a methodology, was proposed. This explains the concept of integrated research approaches for urban and architectural environment in the respect of people`s health. Integrated health concept includes not only the area of health care environment to have recovery and treatment but also the daily living environment for people who have potential of being ill, and finally the city environment for entire people as health supporting elements including safety and primary prevention. Implications: Under the basis of this model, according to the life course, various researches on sustainable healthy urban and architectural environment should be followed from now on. The model should also be continuously complemented and developed into a standard of healthy environment.
This study employed qualitative methods to explore eating disorder (ED) patients' perspectives on their treatment experiences to gain insight into those factors that influenced their motivational trajectory. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive female sample of current (N = 11) and discharged (N = 3) ED service users, aged 18 to 31 years (M = 23.21, SD = 4.19). An interpretive thematic analytic approach, comprising both inductive and deductive methods of analysis, was employed to identify key themes in the data. Self-determination theory (SDT) provided a conceptual lens for analyzing data. Participants highlighted that factors such as physical design and nature of the treatment environment, relational aspects of care, and therapeutic methods all played a role in treatment engagement. The findings highlight ways in which current ED services might more effectively meet the needs of service users and support the utility of applying SDT to the study of motivational dynamics in the treatment of EDs.
© The Author(s) 2015.
The objective of this research study was twofold; 1) to explore and identify health supportive design factors in Swedish elderly care homes and 2) to understand their usefulness and suggest implication in Korean elderly care settings. A descriptive and explorative method was applied using a combination of field studies and semi-structured interviews. Three study trips were carried out during Sept. 14th and Oct. 12th 2005; two facilities situated in Stockholm suburbs and one in the south of Sweden. According to this research, the valuable factors to support health and well-being for the elderly are as follows; 1) Community integration: These elderly care homes are generally places close to a residential area center or a city center. Services are often shared between residents and community members at large, consequently there is a flow of visitors of all ages connecting with the facility on a daily basis. 2) Homelike environment: A noteworthy aspect of Swedish elderly care homes is keeping the facility appearance as homelike as possible. The associations with home may be explored through the appearance and configuration of both the exterior and interior of the building. These homes seemed to be designed with a conscious aim to create a homelike setting. 3) Small scale approach: Clustering of resident rooms is one method through which the small scale approach can be achieved in larger facilities. With unit clusters, the facility can foster opportunities for social interactions among resident. 4) Accessibility to garden and nature: The courtyard is a well developed concept in planning elderly care homes in Sweden. They are generally safe and easily accessible to the residents. Studying Swedish models may provide practical knowledge of how the physical setting may improve residents health in Korean elderly care homes.
This article presents results of studies on the relationship between people and health environments. It explicits what is said about the psychophysical aspects of those ambiances by directors and legislators by examining the laws and norms linked to the theme. On the other hand, client's perspectives are contemplated by listening to their voices in the workshop "Environment, Creativity and Joy", applied at Fiocruz's research laboratories. The results are data proceeding from workshop participants' perceptions on their work environments, gathered by testimonies and drawings. Such results demonstrate that the workshop can be an instrument of sensitive listening for designers and architects involved in projects involving construction and renovation of health ambiances.
O artigo apresenta resultados de estudos sobre o relacionamento entre as pessoas e os ambientes voltados para a saúde. Expõe o que se fala sobre os aspectos psicofisiológicos ou psicofísicos relativos a esses ambientes, pesquisando as vozes dos dirigentes e legisladores, por meio das leis e portarias ligadas ao tema na esfera federal, estadual e municipal e, por outro lado, escutando as vozes dos usuários por meio de uma oficina de trabalho intitulada "Espaço, Criação e Alegria", aplicada em laboratórios de pesquisa da Fiocruz. Os resultados são os dados provenientes da percepção dos participantes das oficinas sobre seus ambientes de trabalho, colhidos por meio de depoimentos e desenhos. Tais resultados demonstram que a oficina pode ser um instrumento de escuta sensível para designers e arquitetos envolvidos em projetos de obras e reformas de espaços destinados à saúde.
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