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Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract
The population of Lagos, the largest city in Nigeria, increased seven times from 1950 to 1980 with a current population of over 10 million inhabitants. The majority of the city's residents are poor. The residents make a heavy demand on resources and, at the same time, generate large quantities of solid waste. Approximately 4 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually in the city, including approximately 0.5 million of untreated industrial waste. This is approximately 1.1 kg/cap/day. Efforts by the various waste management agencies set up by the state government to keep its streets and neighborhoods clean have achieved only minimal success. This is because more than half of these wastes are left uncollected from the streets and the various locations due to the inadequacy and inefficiency of the waste management system. Whilst the benefits of proper solid waste management (SWM), such as increased revenues for municipal bodies, higher productivity rate, improved sanitation standards and better health conditions, cannot be overemphasized, it is important that there is a reduction in the quantity of recoverable materials in residential and commercial waste streams to minimize the problem of MSW disposal. This paper examines the status of recovery and recycling in current waste management practice in Lagos, Nigeria. Existing recovery and recycling patterns, recovery and recycling technologies, approaches to materials recycling, and the types of materials recovered from MSW are reviewed. Based on these, strategies for improving recovery and recycling practices in the management of MSW in Lagos, Nigeria are suggested.
... The technologies of reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling are extensively utilized in industrialized nations [20]. However, there are less negative effects on the economy overall when resources are reused as opposed to being used to create new products from raw materials, particularly if reuse leads to a decrease in the import of products and raw materials [1,21]. For many people, reusing is an affordable option to get the things they require. ...
... It is interesting to note that a significant amount of recyclable waste is thrown into the waste stream. However, the disposal of urban solid waste is becoming a bigger worry for the waste management industry in the developing nation due to a lack of public engagement in recycling programs and an apparent lack of finance for garbage transfer [21]. ...
... Paper recycling will lessen the need to cut down trees. Reusing metals can help cut down on mining operations [21]. In other words, recycling is the process of making something new out of waste materials including paper, bottles, broken glass, scrap metal, and other plastics. ...
Kano Metropolis, currently Nigeria’s second-largest city, has a population of 10 million, a significant increase from its pre-Saharan trade population. The city is primarily employed in farming, trade, and commerce, and is the most densely populated state in Northern Nigeria, with an average population density of 281 persons per square kilometer. The city generates 4-5 million tons of municipal solid waste weighing 1.12 kg/cap each day, with 0.5 million tons of unprocessed industrial waste annually, and poses a significant challenge to local handling due to its non-flow, evaporation, dispersal, and absorption into the environment. The state government and waste management firms have struggled to maintain clean streets, with over half of waste left uncollected, making the current system inadequate. Consequently, the current waste management practices in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria, with regard to MSW reuse and recycling are examined in this discussion. And then an overview is given on Kano Metropolis’s current recycling and reuse strategies, as well as the kinds of items that can be separated from MSW and recycled again. Finally, the research study area and its surroundings are then encouraged to implement the strategies for enhancing recycling and reusable methods used in the management of MSW in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria.
... The poor attitudes towards waste disposal in Oleh in Isoko South Local Government Area are typical in many Nigerian and African communities and have significantly contributed to challenges in waste management, leading to open waste dumping and associated environmental and health hazards (Ajieh et al., 2021a). Metropolitan and peri-urban areas grapple with the adverse effects of inadequate waste management, including pollution, disease vectors, and soil contamination (Ezechi et al., 2017;Kofoworola, 2007;Nabegu, 2010). Indiscriminate waste disposal hampers water channels, drains, and roadways, posing severe threats to human health (Drimili et al., 2020;Isagba et al., 2023). ...
... There was also discordance concerning respondents' limited awareness of waste management regulations. Moreover, respondents disagreed about the feasibility of recycling garbage into valuable products, echoing findings from previous studies (Babaei et al., 2015;Kofoworola, 2007). Factor 5 revealed a tentative agreement regarding the understanding that the government holds responsibility for large-scale waste management. ...
... Additionally, there was a limited understanding of waste's potential for energy production, which consequently hindered the perception of generating revenue from waste. Despite the absence of considerations for energy efficiency or gas emissions, there was substantial support for some form of plastic recycling, aligning with previous studies (Ajieh et al., 2021b;Babaei et al., 2015;Kofoworola, 2007). ...
The circular life cycle of waste management, designed for waste-to-energy, can substantially contribute to efficient waste management, a precursor for sustainable energy and food production. This study evaluates knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to waste management and identify its potential for improving energy and food production. Surveys, interviews, and data analysis were employed to investigate current waste management scenarios, socio-cultural perceptions, and policy frameworks in Oleh, Nigeria. Factor analysis was used to reduce the multitude of attitudinal variables collected during surveys and interviews. The results exposed gaps in waste management perception, principles, policy implementation, and waste-to-energy conversion. SWOT analysis was conducted to validate identified factors, highlighting significant strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with current waste management practices. To enhance energy generation and food security, a waste management model was proposed with recommendations for pathways promoting policy enhancements and community engagement strategies to foster a more efficient energy and food nexus.
... The poor attitudes towards waste disposal in Oleh in Isoko South Local Government Area are typical in many Nigerian and African communities and have significantly contributed to challenges in waste management, leading to open waste dumping and associated environmental and health hazards (Ajieh et al., 2021a). Metropolitan and peri-urban areas grapple with the adverse effects of inadequate waste management, including pollution, disease vectors, and soil contamination (Ezechi et al., 2017;Kofoworola, 2007;Nabegu, 2010). Indiscriminate waste disposal hampers water channels, drains, and roadways, posing severe threats to human health (Drimili et al., 2020;Isagba et al., 2023). ...
... There was also discordance concerning respondents' limited awareness of waste management regulations. Moreover, respondents disagreed about the feasibility of recycling garbage into valuable products, echoing findings from previous studies (Babaei et al., 2015;Kofoworola, 2007). Factor 5 revealed a tentative agreement regarding the understanding that the government holds responsibility for large-scale waste management. ...
... Additionally, there was a limited understanding of waste's potential for energy production, which consequently hindered the perception of generating revenue from waste. Despite the absence of considerations for energy efficiency or gas emissions, there was substantial support for some form of plastic recycling, aligning with previous studies (Ajieh et al., 2021b;Babaei et al., 2015;Kofoworola, 2007). ...
... Plastic mixtures with other waste, such as food waste combustion, release toxins that pollute the air, aggravating respiratory ailments, eye irritation, and other diseases that are detrimental to humans as well as the environment (Bardales Cruz et al., 2023;Pathak et al., 2023). Hence, appropriate mitigation measures need to be put in place, such as reuse, recycling, etc., to reduce the rate of plastic waste burning in Maiduguri and Nigeria at large (Kofoworola, 2007). ...
... While the majority of plastic debris originates in developing nations, a minor portion originates from developed countries, mainly due to the inadequacy of collection systems and low rates of recycling facilities. Nonetheless, (Kofoworola, 2007) emphasizes the importance of recycling as a means to reduce the quantity of waste that requires disposal, thereby mitigating the risk of plastic waste finding its way into rivers, oceans, and various ecosystems. Reuse or recycle of plastic bottles by the locals industries to produce other valuable materials in Nigeria, like in many parts of the world, has become a pressing issue due to the environmental and health hazards posed by plastic pollution (Dumbili and Henderson, 2020;Kofoworola, 2007). ...
... Nonetheless, (Kofoworola, 2007) emphasizes the importance of recycling as a means to reduce the quantity of waste that requires disposal, thereby mitigating the risk of plastic waste finding its way into rivers, oceans, and various ecosystems. Reuse or recycle of plastic bottles by the locals industries to produce other valuable materials in Nigeria, like in many parts of the world, has become a pressing issue due to the environmental and health hazards posed by plastic pollution (Dumbili and Henderson, 2020;Kofoworola, 2007). Maiduguri faces significant challenges in managing its plastic waste due to inadequate waste management infrastructure and practices. ...
... Additionally, the author contends that public education campaigns are insufficient in scope, depth, and regularity to effectively modify individuals' attitudes toward the environment. The author posited that inadequate financial resources, insufficient infrastructure and personnel, ineffective Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp: (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41), Month: July -August 2023, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Page | 31 Novelty Journals technological tools, and an unjust tax regime limit the actions of state environmental agencies. ...
... Individuals, households, consumers, and waste management companies engage in inefficient waste management attributed to insufficient awareness of the benefits of proper waste management and ineffective enforcement of government regulations (Mihai et al., 2022). However, the Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp: (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41), Month: July -August 2023, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com ...
... Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp: (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41), Month: July -August 2023, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com ...
This study aimed to determine the relationship between waste management administration and environmental sustainability in Lagos, Nigeria. Although waste production is an inevitable byproduct of human activity, sustainable refuse management remains challenging in many nations today. With this idea in mind, we conducted this investigation. According to previous research, several states lack the necessary planning and infrastructure to efficiently and sustainably manage municipal solid waste. The research population comprised 700 waste administrators in the Ikeja Local Government Area; 250 were chosen using the Yamen sample technique. However, 233 of the 250 distributed questionnaires were retrieved. In order to determine the ANOVA and coefficient results, linear regression (at a significance level of 5% or 0.05) was utilized. The results revealed a negative correlation between waste management agency operations and environmental sustainability, as well as between waste disposal, waste separation, and environmental cleanliness. Furthermore, a negative correlation between waste recycling and pollution control was discovered. Therefore, it is suggested that effective collection techniques, sufficient system coverage, proper waste disposal, institutional coordination, adequate financial resources, enforceable regulations and standards, and appropriate technology be implemented.
... Solid waste is regarded as a crucial part of the contemporary infrastructure in any society because of its substantial contribution to ensuring a safe environment and resolving public health issues connected to waste generation (Nabegu, 2016). Designing waste management systems should take into account and promote waste reduction, recycling, and recovery, as well as the use of appropriate waste treatment techniques more environmentally friendly technologies, and proper final disposal (Kofoworola, 2017). In most industrialized countries, Solid waste management has progressed and improved over time to reach its current level; along with these improvements, concomitant statutory requirements have also emerged (Williams, 2015). ...
... The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Local Government Councils, Lagos State Environmental Agency, and Lagos State Waste Management Authority-LAWMA are the agencies primarily responsible for SWM in Lagos State (Kofoworola, 2017). SWM in Lagos State began with the establishment of the state's Refuse Disposal Board in the late 1970s (Igbinomwanhia, 2017). ...
It is critical to assess the current state of solid waste collection as waste has impacts on public health, the environment, and potential resources in the land. Lagos is seen to be indicative of other significant metropolitan cities in Nigeria with a very high population, waste collection is crucial. This study examines the effectiveness of waste collection in some estates at Ikorodu.
... Cependant, une gestion adéquate ne peut être réalisée sans un plan de gestion des déchets bien conçus (Rossel et Jorge, 1999). Les stratégies de planification de la gestion des déchets devraient préconiser l'évitement de la production de déchets, l'utilisation de technologies plus propres, la promotion du recyclage et de la récupération des déchets, en utilisant un traitement approprié pour les déchets générés et une élimination adéquate (Kofoworola, 2007). www.eujournal.org ...
... Bien que la population de la ville d'Obala ait connu une augmentation croissante de déchets solides, le système de gestion de ces déchets reste largement traditionnel et avec une pénurie aiguë de capital humain et matériel pour la gestion des déchets ménagers. Alors que la majorité des ménagers enquêtés ont déclarés stocker les ordures ménagères solides avant de les rejeter, mais à la fin les ménages n'ont pas d'autre choix que de faire des rejets non contrôlés, en déverser leurs déchets dans les décharges sauvages, sur les bords des rues, dans les canaux, dans les cours d'eau et dans les zones ouvertes (ravins) ce résultat corrobore avec ceux obtenues par Kofoworola, (2007), sur ses travaux sur le Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria, qui affirme que la majeure partie de la population qui ne paie pas de frais aux collecteurs ou qui n'ont pas enregistrés leurs maisons pour les collettes rejettent leurs déchets ménagers dans les rues, autours des poteaux d'éclairage et au long des autoroutes et des travaux Mukuku, et al. (2018), sur l'évaluation de la gestion des déchets ménagers dans la commune de Katuba à Lubumbashi (République Démocratique du Congo) constat que les ménages déverses leurs déchets ménagers sur le sol, sur les bords des rues et dans les zones ouvertes (ravins). ...
La gestion des déchets solides ménagers se pose avec insistance dans la ville d’Obala, du fait de sa croissance démographique et de sa consommation. Aujourd’hui, ce secteur se caractérise par une faible organisation des acteurs, une insuffisance des moyens adéquats et une absence de stratégies durables. La présente étude vise à mettre en exergue le mode de gestion des déchets ménagers sur l’environnement dans la ville d’Obala dans le Département de la Lekié au Cameroun. Dans ces travaux, une enquête transversale descriptive subdivisée en deux, enquêtes géographiques et sociologiques, a été réalisée. L’échantillonnage utilisé s’est basé sur le choix au hasard des ménages, ainsi 30 ménages par quartier ont été mobilisés pour cette étude. Au total 120 ménages ont été choisis aléatoirement dans quatre (04) quartiers sur les sept (07) que compte la ville d’Obala. Les entretiens ont été conduits auprès des responsables de la commune urbaine ainsi qu’avec 30 agents de la mairie en charge de la collecte des ordures. Les résultats révèlent que 53,3% des ménages enquêtés sont sous la charge des femmes. Par ailleurs, 92% de la population stocke leurs ordures ménagères solides dans les conteneurs à la maison avant de s’en débarrasser et ces ordures solides finissent dans les rues, caniveaux, canaux et cours d’eaux à 98%, d’où la présence de plusieurs dépôts sauvages identifiés dans la ville. L’incinération à ciel ouvert, une source de pollution, est pratiquée à 99% comme mode d’élimination des ordures à Obala. La caractérisation des déchets de la ville a montré un taux élevé de la matière organique (53,1 %) comparé aux plastiques (20%). Concernant la connaissance de quelques maladies dues à la gestion des déchets ménagers, 63% des répondants aux enquêtes ont relevé le paludisme, 25% la diarrhée et 12% d’autres maladies. L’étude montré que la gestion de déchets ménagers est inadéquate et constitue un réel problème de salubrité et de santé publique impliquant une menace pour le développement de la ville d’Obala, et pourtant, ces déchets ménagers offres des possibilités de valorisation énormes aux vues de leur typologie. Solid household waste management is a pressing issue in the city of Obala, due to its growing population and consumption. Today, this sector is characterized by poor organization of players, inadequate resources and a lack of sustainable strategies. This study aims to highlight the environmental impact of household waste management in the town of Obala, in Cameroon's Lekié Department. In this work, a descriptive cross-sectional survey subdivided into two, geographical and sociological surveys, was carried out. The sampling used was based on the random selection of households, so 30 households per district were mobilized for this study. A total of 120 households were randomly selected in four (04) of Obala's seven (07) districts. Interviews were conducted with officials of the urban commune, as well as with 30 mayoral officers in charge of refuse collection. The results reveal that 53.3 % of households surveyed are runs by women. Moreover, 92% of the populations store their solid household waste in containers at home before disposing of it, and this solid waste ends up in the streets, gutters, canals and waterways at 98%, hence the presence of several unauthorized dumps identified in the town. Open-air incineration, a source of pollution, is 99% of Obala's waste disposal method. Characterization of the city's waste showed a high rate of organic matter (53.1%) compared with plastics (20%). Concerning knowledge of some diseases caused by household waste management, 63% of survey respondents reported malaria, 25% diarrhoea and 12% other diseases. This study reveals that household waste management is inadequate and a real problem in terms of hygiene and public health, thus, a source of threat to the development of the town of Obala, despite household waste’s enormous potential for recycling.
... Solid waste is regarded as a crucial part of the contemporary infrastructure in any society because of its substantial contribution to ensuring a safe environment and resolving public health issues connected to waste generation (Nabegu, 2016). Designing waste management systems should take into account and promote waste reduction, recycling, and recovery, as well as the use of appropriate waste treatment techniques more environmentally friendly technologies, and proper final disposal (Kofoworola, 2017). In most industrialized countries, Solid waste management has progressed and improved over time to reach its current level; along with these improvements, concomitant statutory requirements have also emerged (Williams, 2015). ...
... The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Local Government Councils, Lagos State Environmental Agency, and Lagos State Waste Management Authority-LAWMA are the agencies primarily responsible for SWM in Lagos State (Kofoworola, 2017). SWM in Lagos State began with the establishment of the state's Refuse Disposal Board in the late 1970s (Igbinomwanhia, 2017). ...
It is critical to assess the current state of solid waste collection as waste has impacts on public health, the environment, and potential resources in the land. Lagos is seen to be indicative of other significant metropolitan cities in Nigeria with a very high population, waste collection is crucial. This study examines the effectiveness of waste collection in some estates at Ikorodu.
... There is a great need to employ the services of both public and private waste management organizations to partner with the government agencies in proper waste collection and disposals thereby helping to eradicate plastic pollution in Nigeria. 3. Kofoworola (2007) [25] , reported that more than half of the uncollected wastes in various locations in Lagos is as a result of the inefficient waste management system. Privatizing waste collection and management industries in Nigeria will go a long way in curtailing the challenges of waste management and also curb plastic pollution. ...
... There is a great need to employ the services of both public and private waste management organizations to partner with the government agencies in proper waste collection and disposals thereby helping to eradicate plastic pollution in Nigeria. 3. Kofoworola (2007) [25] , reported that more than half of the uncollected wastes in various locations in Lagos is as a result of the inefficient waste management system. Privatizing waste collection and management industries in Nigeria will go a long way in curtailing the challenges of waste management and also curb plastic pollution. ...
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a global nuisance that can affect and alter the natural processes, affect the livelihood of millions of people, habitats and natural processes. It also has the ability to reduce ecosystem’s ability to adapt to climate change. Plastic pollution is currently impacting negatively on health, environment and the economy of Nigeria. There is therefore, a great need to adapt proper plastic waste management strategies which includes plastic waste recycling to eradicate the menace of plastic pollution in Nigeria. Plastic waste which brings about plastic pollution comes in various sizes, shapes and colors. This study highlights that there are green entrepreneurial opportunities in plastic waste management resulting in wealth creation in Nigeria. This study further identifies and recommends plastic waste management as a viable strategy for eradicating plastic pollution for sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Climate change, environment, plastic pollution, sustainable development, waste management
... Solid waste prevention prior to generation as well as management after its generation Constitutes the two broad ways in dealing with solid waste [2,1]. Previously, the overwhelming concern of dealing with Municipal solid waste in Nigeria was majorly concerned with the latter approach [14]. This earlier traditional method was based on the simple model of collection and disposal. ...
... This will increase land fill area requirements into the future [1]. To avoid this, recent studies examining solid waste Issues in Nigeria conclude that diversion through waste separation and recycling is important to solve such a problem [24,14].Waste diversion is crucial as future demands for solid waste. Thus, examining the feasibility of implementing source separation in the less compliant market segment is expected to provide insight into the practical plausibility of introducing source separation in the entire market segment. ...
an obvious environmental problem in cities all over the world is the solid waste produced by industry and consumption. In rapidly expanding metropolitan areas, this accumulation is more of a catastrophe problem than ever before. Municipal solid waste is a significant environmental issue in Bauchi. Government laments that the current disposal sites are quickly filling up following the privatization of services with various businesses known as private sector participants (PSPs) that run as Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) franchisees. In order to increase the amount of trash that is diverted from landfills as a result of the rapidly filling dumpsites, BASEPA plans to implement a solid waste source separation policy in the city. Examining the feasibility of implementing a source-separation policy in the less compliant low-income population segment by assessing the aspects of attitude and perception is intended to give insight into the practical feasibility of instituting source-separation in all population segments. The data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire. All analyses were conducted using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v25). According to the study, more than half (50.9%) of surveyed households have a poor perception of source separation, while 49.1% had a good perception of source separation. Similarly, it was also found that over half (52.5%) of surveyed households have a poor attitude toward source separation, while 47.5% of them have a good attitude toward source separation. It is recommended that a bottom-to-top approach of sensitization, orientation, and community engagement be adopted to improve the dimensions of perception and attitudes towards solid waste source separation in the metropolis.
... Conceptually, a riskreduction strategy should reduce air pollution. A risk reduction strategy mindset will encourage creativity because the burning process emits toxic gases into the environment [17]. Thus, a risk-Sreduction strategy is required for the decline in air pollution. ...
Abstract The study examined the effectiveness of the solid waste management policy on environmental hazard and waste to energy initiatives in Lagos State, Nigeria. In line with the objectives of the study, two hypotheses were formulated. Primary and secondary data were sourced for the study. For the primary data, A survey was carried out and a structured questionnaire was used to generate information from Lagos State Ministry of Environment and Water Resources; Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA); Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA); Private Sector Partners (PSPs); Lagos Recycler Association (LAGRA) and selected representatives of the end-users across the 20 local governments and 37 Local Community Development Areas (LCDAs) in Lagos State. Regression analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation were used to test the hypotheses. All the data generated were processed through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Key informant interviews (KII) and focused group discussions (FGD) were also conducted. For the second data, information was sourced from the library, textbooks, journal articles, bulletins, the internet and policy documents. The findings of the study revealed that: solid waste disposal has a significant effect on environmental hazard reduction strategy on air pollution management in Lagos State, Nigeria; the incessant in hazard and secondly, a significant effect exists between solid waste management policy and waste-to-energy initiative. The study therefore concluded, among others that building an institutional capacity to support the waste-to-wealth and waste-to-energy initiative for effective solid waste management are driving force for promoting the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Lagos State. The government also needs to create public orientation on the need for environmental hygiene and waste disposal techniques to reduce environmental hazards and infectious diseases that may affect the plan of the state to become a mega-city.
... FS is useful in agriculture and gardening as fertilizer because it is an excellent source of nutrients. However, human feces are also considered a source of pathogen microorganisms (Kofoworola, 2007), and poizing risks to the environment and public health, so the sanitation of FS must be ensured. To overcome this problem, even in developing countries, different proposals have been assayed (see Section 4.2). ...
... As of 2008, it was reported that the 20 LGAs in Lagos collectively generated about 0.5kg per capita daily waste and a little over 10,000 tonnes of waste generated daily. This volume has since increased to 13,000 metric tonnes of waste per day, as reported by the waste management agency in Lagos (LAWMA) [12]; [13] [14]. The major governmental agencies in charge of the waste management system in Lagos include the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA), Lagos State Environment Protection Agency (LASEPA), the Local Government Councils (LGCs) on the local government level, and the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MOE) at the very top of the chain [15]. ...
Municipal solid waste management continues to be an enormous challenge for developing countries such as Nigeria. With a rapidly increasing population and change in consumption choices in urban cities in Nigeria, the need to cater for and properly manage the increased volume and more diversified waste generated becomes an urgent issue for consideration. Storage and Collection of generated waste make up the crucial elements of waste management systems in any city. Sadly, though, just about a quarter of waste generated in Nigeria is collected. This paper compiles relevant information from recent studies made by researchers and authors on waste management systems in Nigeria to review the current state of the waste storage and waste collection systems in major cities in Nigeria using Lagos and Abuja as case studies. This study also summarizes the methods majorly used for the storage and collection of waste in Nigeria, making recommendations as and when necessary.
... The waste management systems challenge in Yola urban area is not different from what seen in other cities of Nigeria, e.g., Kodia et al (2023) in Maiduguri, Ali & Yusuf (2021) in Bauchi Chukwunonye & Clive (2012) in Abuja; in Aba; Kofoworola (2007) in Lagos; Maigari (2014) in Kano and Ferranato & Torrenta, (2019) in developing countries. The system reflects low levels of public awareness and poor institutional/regulatory framework for sustainable solid waste management. ...
Waste scavenging is an important activity in developing countries aiding resource recovery and poverty reduction. Despite knowing the dangers posed by the activity, the waste scavengers' occupational safety is to some extent compromised due to poor utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This study investigated the disparity between knowledge and practice of waste scavengers regarding occupational risks and safety measures in Yola urban area, through surveys and interviews with 405 participants across 55 dealers' depots. The study findings discovered 375 waste scavengers recognized the potential hazard associated with scavenging job, out of which only 41 were actually using PPEs regularly. While 30 claimed ignorant of the potential risks of the activity. This therefore categorized waste scavengers into three distinct groups in Yola urban area viz: Safe Scavengers" who possess the knowledge of dangers of scavenging and use one or more PPE regularly 41 (10.12%); "Knowledgeable non-PPEs users" who have the knowledge but do not use PPE 334 (82.47%); and "Unaware non-PPEs users" lacking both knowledge and PPE usage 30 (7.41%) mostly children. Null hypotheses were formulated where significant difference observed between Knowledgeable non-users and safety practice (p=0.016). On the other hand, no significant difference found between Safe Scavengers and safety practice (p=0.053); as well as Unaware non-users and safety practice (p=0.060). Pie chart clearly shows the knowledge/practice gap and three distinct group of the scavengers. Recommendation proposed involvement of scavengers' middlemen and waste management authorities in developing comprehensive strategies that promote a culture of safety, provide training on safety practices, and ensure the availability of appropriate protective gear to narrow down the gap.
... The waste management systems challenge in Yola urban area is not different from what seen in other cities of Nigeria, e.g., Kodia et al (2023) in Maiduguri, Ali & Yusuf (2021) in Bauchi Chukwunonye & Clive (2012) in Abuja; in Aba; Kofoworola (2007) in Lagos; Maigari (2014) in Kano and Ferranato & Torrenta, (2019) in developing countries. The system reflects low levels of public awareness and poor institutional/regulatory framework for sustainable solid waste management. ...
Waste scavenging is an important activity in developing countries aiding resource recovery and poverty reduction. Despite knowing the dangers posed by the activity, the waste scavengers' occupational safety is to some extent compromised due to poor utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This study investigated the disparity between knowledge and practice of waste scavengers regarding occupational risks and safety measures in Yola urban area, through surveys and interviews with 405 participants across 55 dealers' depots. The study findings discovered 375 waste scavengers recognized the potential hazard associated with scavenging job, out of which only 41 were actually using PPEs regularly. While 30 claimed ignorant of the potential risks of the activity. This therefore categorized waste scavengers into three distinct groups in Yola urban area viz: Safe Scavengers" who possess the knowledge of dangers of scavenging and use one or more PPE regularly 41 (10.12%); "Knowledgeable non-PPEs users" who have the knowledge but do not use PPE 334 (82.47%); and "Unaware non-PPEs users" lacking both knowledge and PPE usage 30 (7.41%) mostly children. Null hypotheses were formulated where significant difference observed between Knowledgeable non-users and safety practice (p=0.016). On the other hand, no significant difference found between Safe Scavengers and safety practice (p=0.053); as well as Unaware non-users and safety practice (p=0.060). Pie chart clearly shows the knowledge/practice gap and three distinct group of the scavengers. Recommendation proposed involvement of scavengers' middlemen and waste management authorities in developing comprehensive strategies that promote a culture of safety, provide training on safety practices, and ensure the availability of appropriate protective gear to narrow down the gap.
... The waste management systems challenge in Yola urban area is not different from what seen in other cities of Nigeria, e.g., Kodia et al (2023) in Maiduguri, Ali & Yusuf (2021) in Bauchi Chukwunonye & Clive (2012) in Abuja; in Aba; Kofoworola (2007) in Lagos; Maigari (2014) in Kano and Ferranato & Torrenta, (2019) in developing countries. The system reflects low levels of public awareness and poor institutional/regulatory framework for sustainable solid waste management. ...
Waste scavenging is an important activity in developing countries aiding resource recovery and poverty reduction. Despite knowing the dangers posed by the activity, the waste scavengers' occupational safety is to some extent compromised due to poor utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This study investigated the disparity between knowledge and practice of waste scavengers regarding occupational risks and safety measures in Yola urban area, through surveys and interviews with 405 participants across 55 dealers' depots. The study findings discovered 375 waste scavengers recognized the potential hazard associated with scavenging job, out of which only 41 were actually using PPEs regularly. While 30 claimed ignorant of the potential risks of the activity. This therefore categorized waste scavengers into three distinct groups in Yola urban area viz: Safe Scavengers" who possess the knowledge of dangers of scavenging and use one or more PPE regularly 41 (10.12%); "Knowledgeable non-PPEs users" who have the knowledge but do not use PPE 334 (82.47%); and "Unaware non-PPEs users" lacking both knowledge and PPE usage 30 (7.41%) mostly children. Null hypotheses were formulated where significant difference observed between Knowledgeable non-users and safety practice (p=0.016). On the other hand, no significant difference found between Safe Scavengers and safety practice (p=0.053); as well as Unaware non-users and safety practice (p=0.060). Pie chart clearly shows the knowledge/practice gap and three distinct group of the scavengers. Recommendation proposed involvement of scavengers' middlemen and waste management authorities in developing comprehensive strategies that promote a culture of safety, provide training on safety practices, and ensure the availability of appropriate protective gear to narrow down the gap.
... Wastes are constituents, materials, or objects that have been cast-off as being worthless, undesirable, defective, or no longer useful for human pecuniary productive happenings or processes [1]. Every year, millions of tons of bottles, cans, food scrap, plastics, abandoned broken down automobiles, dead animals, and other solid garbage are generated in Nigeria's urban centers [2].They lead to flooding when deposited into water drains as shown in Figure 1. ...
The rapid increase of people, booming budget, rapid urbanization, increase in marketable, agricultural and industrial events are the major reasons for the increase in generation of solid surplus. This paper will inspect the domestic waste management in Unguwan Sanusi, Kaduna South L.G.A Nigeria with the precise objectives which are, to identify the types of domestic waste produced, to identify the approaches of domestic surplus dumping in the study area, and to identify the challenges faced by the inhabitants resulting from waste. According to the findings of the field study, domestic waste management in Unguwan Sanusi area of Nigeria is the responsibility of both the government and private organizations because it affects both parties in some manner. The lack of adequate dumpsites provided by the relevant agencies appears to have an impact on domestic waste disposal techniques in the research area. The analysis was done and presented using, method of questionnaire where in 250 questionnaires were placed and 150 people responded. The data revealed that the respondents had a diverse range of socioeconomic characteristics. It also revealed that locals were dissatisfied with trash management procedures, with many of them being unaware of the body/agency in charge of waste management. For proper hardsurplus management, environmental teaching courses should be introduced in all levels in schools in Nigeria and an additional formal disposal site must also be provided which must be close to one another.
... As a generally persistent arrangement of ideas, emotions, or beliefs about a thing, subject, or idea that predisposes a person to react in a particular way, attitudes are learned traits of people. Practices are activities taken by the community that is influenced by knowledge and attitude (Knickmeyer 2020;Kofoworola 2007). According to research by Gilli et al. (2018), households' attitudes and actions significantly influence how well trash reduction, separation, collection, and recycling programs work. ...
The need for environmental preservation has increased significantly in our day and age, but common measures like garbage disposal are frequently disregarded. Even though people all around the world are aware of the negative consequences of poor garbage disposal techniques, the application of these procedures often results in chaos. In the Devprayag block, this research was carried out to collect baseline data on waste management methods among rural and urban women. A well-designed and validated questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional investigation. 240 women were randomly chosen for the research. The analysis of data was done by independent sample t-test and results revealed that urban women are better knowledgeable about home garbage management than rural women. This study clearly shows that there are important distinctions between awareness and practice between urban and rural women. The study demonstrates the need for widespread campaigns on the effects of garbage disposal methods in rural communities. A correct and acceptable environmental culture will be instilled in the women and their families through awareness campaigns. There is an urgent need to overcome this knowledge and practice gap since the study found that there is a lack of understanding about the disposal of non-biodegradable garbage as well.
... Pengelolaan limbah adalah penyaluran limbah yang terorganisir dan sistematis melalui jalur-jalur untuk memastikan bahwa limbah tersebut dibuang dengan memperhatikan perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan yang dapat diterima Kofoworola (2006). Semakin hari semakin meningkat, hal ini berkaitan erat dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk namun ketersediaan ruang hidup manusia tetap ada, dan bahan buangan ini dikenal sebagai sampah (Mubarak dan Chayatin, 2009). ...
Serangan tourist village as a tourism area is faced with the problem of increasing the amount of waste piles due to an increase in population and increased human activity. Waste production is increasing every day in line with the increase in population and consumption patterns. The thing that must be done to overcome the increasing volume of waste is by reducing the volume of waste at the source through empowering community participation. The problem in community participation regarding waste management is what forms of regulation are related to waste management in the Serangan Tourism Village Environment. The introduction of waste management to the community aims to introduce waste management methods in preserving and keeping the environment clean in Serangan Tourism Village. Based on the research results, one form of community participation in efforts to improve the environment is by donating labor in the form of community service and participating in waste management. Apart from that, they also held community meetings which were attended by some residents for the kelurahan level. The community carried out these activities without feeling forced at all. The level of community participation that occurred in the Serangan Village Environment according to the medium category, the community participates in waste management but the implementation is still not optimal. The important role of the community and all parties is expected for the realization of success in providing learning about community participation in waste management to maintain cleanliness in the tourist village environment.
... Lagos, which is one of Nigeria's largest and most industrialized cities, remains one of its dirtiest, with trash carpeting the landscape. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation in Nigeria has increased dramatically over the years, owing primarily to the country's fast population growth as well as its economic and industrial development [2]. In 2010, 4.4 million tonnes of solid waste were projected to have been "mismanaged" in Africa due to poor infrastructure and inefficient waste management agencies, who are unable to evacuate wastes regularly and promptly, thereby leading to various adverse consequences such as plastic waste pollution [3]. ...
This study is focused on proffering a sustainable option for managing plastic wastes and wood wastes by converting them into fuel briquettes. The plastic wastes (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET, bottles) were pulverized without the labels and covers using a shredding machine while the wood wastes (sawdust) were collected from wood workshops in Benin City. The wood wastes were sorted using a 2mm mesh sieve to attain uniform grain distribution. The wastes were mixed in varying proportions of plastic to sawdust in ratios 50:50, 60:40, 40:60 respectively which were then binded with an aqueous starch. The mixture was compacted into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes that served as moulds to form briquettes. These briquettes were left to sundry to produce Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C respectively. The samples were analysed to ascertain their combustion and physicochemical properties. The results obtained show that Sample C had the highest calorific value of 13.95MJ/Kg, Sample A had 13.17MJ/Kg while Sample B had 6.04MJ/Kg. The results show that the quantity of sawdust in each sample probably contributed greatly to the calorific value of each sample. With such reasonably high calorific value, it can be concluded that can serve as fuel for energy generation and by extension contribute to the sustainable management with plastic wastes and wood wastes
... Nnaji et al. (2013) noted that 80 per cent of people living in Nigeria do not receive the services of waste collectors. According to Kofoworola (2007), an increased percentage of waste in Lagos State, Nigeria, is left uncollected from the streets due to inadequacy and inefficiency of the waste management system. In Abuja, the Department for International Development (2004) estimated that the waste collection agency serves about 56% of individuals living in the Federal Capital Territory. ...
Plastic pollution is a leading global environmental challenge negatively affecting Nigeria’s economic growth and sustainable development. The high population density, consumption pattern and technological developments are among the significant factors contributing to Nigeria’s increasing quantity of plastic waste generated annually. This chapter examined current progress with “Mitigating the negative effects of plastic pollution for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria” through existing literature review and data collection from relevant agencies. This chapter identified technological innovation, policy formulation, advocacy and sensitization, bioremediation as some of the approaches currently used to mitigate plastic pollution in Nigeria. This chapter also highlighted the need to encourage, enhance, and disseminate scientific research on mitigating the harmful effects of plastic pollution in Nigeria. It concluded with a clarion call for people at all levels to play their part in correctly disposing of plastic waste, which will go a long way to reducing the menace of plastic pollution in Nigeria.
... The findings in table 4 above are in line with the studies ofOmoogun et al. (2014) andAmanchukwu et al. (2015) when they hold that Environmental Education is a roadmap to environmental awareness and environmental sustainability for future generations, and the developments that are taking place around the world are pointers that call for stimulation and reorientation. The results in table 5 above is in line with the findings ofKofoworola (2007),Ephrampoush and Maghadam (2005), Rahardgan et al. ...
Forestry and Environmental Science education have become inevitable in Nigerian schools considering the numerous environmental problems encountered daily in almost all the states within the country, hence the need for this study. This study assessed the perception of secondary school students on Forestry and Environmental Science Education in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty copies of questionnaire were administered to the students in the study area. The student's average perception of Forestry and Science Environmental Education was quite impressive because majority (95.9%, 99.2%) of the students in government and private schools respectively agreed with that protection of the environment is important. Majority (89.1%, 73.1%) of the students in private and government schools were knowledgeable about the environmental issues in Oyo state. Some perceived benefits of forest such as Tree roots helps in absorbing surface water and Forest creates job opportunities for people with a mean score of 1.73 and 1.62 were ranked 1 st and 2 nd respectively. The regression analysis result shows that students' knowledge of environmental issues has contributed significantly to their perception of Forestry and Environmental Education. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore concluded that majority of the students have high level of knowledge about environmental issues in Oyo state although they were not satisfied with the current state of environment in the state. The study recommends that more orientation and reorientation programs on the issue of environmental protection are needed in schools in Oyo State.
... Solid wastes have some unique challenges, often aligned to disposal management because of the volume such waste may occupy (Adedara et al., 2023)). In the management of non-biodegradable wastes, the most commendable technologies are re-use, recycling and resource recovery (Kofoworola, 2007). Crustacean shells are one of the non-biodegradable wastes in the environment, whose management must be given special consideration because they are non-biodegradable and can occupy large space in addition to the provision of hosting surfaces for other contaminants. ...
Snail shells are rich in CaCO3 as its major constituent. Consequently, its application for the adsorption removal of contaminants has been linked to the presence of this compound. In this study, comparative efforts were made to adopt snail shells in a direct and indirect approach toward the adsorption removal of amoxicillin from an aqueous solution. The direct approach was implemented by using the powder samples obtained from crushing the snail shells. The indirect method was centred on resource recovery technology, which involved the fabrication of calcium nanoparticles from the crushed powdered sample. Both sets of adsorbents were candidates for the batch adsorption removal of amoxicillin from water. The adsorption removal efficiency by the nanoparticles showed an outstanding gap regarding their performance compared to the crude samples. However, adsorption in all cases was influenced by temperature, concentration of the drug, ionic strength, time and pH. The pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and liquid diffusion showed favourable fits to the experimental data while the thermodynamic values showed exothermic adsorption for the nanoparticles and endothermic for the crude sample. The adsorption behaviours of both adsorbents displayed excellent fitness for the Langmuir model. Based on the results of the study, Nanoparticles obtained from snail shells have better adsorption properties than the crude samples due to enhanced surface properties.
... Solid wastes have some unique challenges, often aligned to disposal management because of the volume such waste may occupy (Adedara et al., 2023)). In the management of non-biodegradable wastes, the most commendable technologies are re-use, recycling and resource recovery (Kofoworola, 2007). Crustacean shells are one of the non-biodegradable wastes in the environment, whose management must be given special consideration because they are non-biodegradable and can occupy large space in addition to the provision of hosting surfaces for other contaminants. ...
... Individual or group awareness and attitudes towards waste generation and management are critical factors that determine how people respond to waste management challenges (Kofoworola, 2007). Therefore, environmental attitudes of young people are crucial in finding knowledge-based solutions to emerging environmental problems (Janmaimool and Khajohnmanee, 2019; Sultana et al. 2017). ...
School system represents an important outlet for waste generation and advancement of knowledge on waste management. The aim of the study was to improve knowledge, attitude and practices of solid waste management (SWM) among pupils of selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study intended to find out what will be the effect of the intervention (training on solid waste management) on the knowledge, attitude and practice of the students towards solid waste recycling? A quasi-experimental study was conducted among pupils of two primary schools (public and private schools). Using validated questionnaire, information was collected to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices before and after intervention. Waste generated over a two-week period was characterised. A solid waste segregation stand was provided with all students trained on waste craftsmanship. Data were analysed at p=0.05. The post-intervention knowledge scores at increased from 5.3 ± 1.9 to 8.8+1.3 and 5.6 ± 2.4 to 9.1 ± 1.3 in public and private schools, respectively. The predominant waste materials in both schools were paper and nylon with mean weekly values of 5.3 ± 0.6 kg and 4.0 ± 0.4 kg in public school and 14.8 ± 0.2 kg and 8.6 ± 0.9 kg in private school. Plastic and organic waste had mean weekly values of 1.8 ± 0.0 kg and 0.5 ± 0.6 kg in public school and 2.9 ± 0.7 kg and 0.4 ± 0.3 kg in private school, respectively. Different crafts were made by the pupils from the components of waste generated. The intervention led to waste recycling and improved pupils' SWM knowledge, attitude and practices.
... Nigeria faces significant challenges with waste management, similar to Indonesia. Very little waste is collected or recycled due to the combination of poor infrastructure, inadequate human resources, and a lack of political will (Kofoworola, 2007). As much as 42 million tons of solid waste is generated annually (0.49 kg/capita/ day, Nnaji, 2015), with 20% of this composed of plastics (Akinola et al., 2014). ...
This chapter reviews plastic pollution in the context of the Global South with a particular focus on the social and behavioral science literature. We set the context by describing the problem of plastic globally and how the Global South is a focal point for environmental and human health impacts, before analyzing political and structural conditions of waste management in a few selected countries in Southeast Asia and Africa. Then, we review social and behavioral factors that contribute to plastic pollution, from social norms to religious and cultural aspects not typically considered. We summarize what is known about plastic pollution and human health with particular reference to waste pickers. We close by reviewing opportunities and challenges, giving positive examples of change, and highlighting research gaps.
... If improperly conducted, the overall efficiency of the waste management system is affected negatively as a result of the generated leachate as well as landfill gas (LFG), which is a powerful greenhouse gas and thus results in a transfer of pollution. Uncontrolled landfill gas migration from the site can not only damage the global environment but can also negatively impact human health and pollute the local environment (Kofoworola, 2007). Leachate from municipality landfills represents a potential health risk to both surrounding ecosystem and human population. ...
Suleja Local Government of Niger State Nigeria is located between 9 12''N and 7 10" E. Suleja is faced with the twin problem of inadequate electricity and waste management. Although Niger State has not been mentioned prominently as a state with acute waste management problem, there is however a growing evidence that the little that is being generated is not been properly managed. The second of the two principal options for managing MSW in most parts of the world is Waste to Energy (WtE) where the waste is used as a feedstock to produce energy by either thermo-chemical or biochemical means. The MSW of Niger State was characterized using ASTM D5231-92 and sorted into combustibles and non-combustibles, the calorific value was determined using Parr 6310 bomb calorimeter and the energy potential was determined using SZR garbage incinerator with thermal efficiency of 81% at 2.5 bar and. The daily disposal of Suleja MSW was found to be about 80000 kg out of which 71787 kg are combustibles. The average calorific value was found to be 21.8 MJ/kg. The average energy output in form of steam is between 11.2-17.2 MW with an average of 14.7MW of heat.
... Ada bukti kuat yang menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran dan sikap individu atau kelompok terhadap timbulan dan pengelolaan sampah sangat penting dalam upaya menjawab tantangan pengelolaan sampah (Kofoworola, 2007). Sikap negatif masyarakat terhadap lingkungan juga berimbas pada lembaga pendidikan yang diperparah dengan permasalahan yang terus menerus berubah, tidak hanya dalam isi kurikulum tetapi juga mata pelajaran sekolah. ...
Abstrak: Pengolahan sampah dikaitkan dengan keterbatasan sumber daya untuk melakukan pengelolaan sampah baik oleh masyarakat maupun pemerintah. Masyarakat, dalam hal ini dunia pendidikan, memiliki peran penting dalam pengelolaan sampah. Salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang juga mengalami permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sampah adalah Pondok Pesantren Qur’an Al Hikmah Bogor. Pengelolaan sampah di Pesantren Al Hikmah saat ini masih bersifat konvensional yaitu dengan pembakaran dan penimbunan. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian ini ditujukan untuk memberikan penyuluhan kepedulian akan sampah dan mengungkap tingkat pemahaman sampah oleh santri di Pesantren Al Hikmah. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada 100 santri mengenai sampah dan pengelolaannya. Kepada para santri diberikan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah nilai pemahaman santri yang dilihat dari rata-rata jumlah jawaban yang benar pada pre questionnaire sebanyak 14 butir pertanyaan dan pada post questionnaire 15 butir pertanyaan sehingga terdapat peningkatan pemahaman santri akan sampah setelah diberikan penyuluhan sebesar 7,14%.Abstract: Waste processing is associated with limited resources to manage waste both by the community and the government. The community, in this case the world of education, has an important role in waste management. One of the educational institutions that is also experiencing problems in waste management is Al Hikmah Islamic Boarding School Bogor. Waste management at the Al Hikmah Islamic Boarding School is currently still conventional, namely by burning and stockpiling. Therefore, this service activity is intended to provide education on waste awareness and reveal the level of understanding of waste by students at Al Hikmah Islamic Boarding School. Service activities are carried out by providing counseling to 100 students about waste and its management. The students were given a questionnaire before and after the counseling. The result obtained is the value of students' understanding as seen from the average number of correct answers in the pre-questionnaire as many as 14 questions and in the post-questionnaire 15 questions so that there is an increase in students' understanding of waste after being given counseling by 7.14%.
... As the centres of production and consumption, major cities experience rapid population growth and as a result, serve as the hotspots of plastic waste generation in Nigeria (Kofoworola 2007). ...
This thesis explores how to transform plastic consumption in households sustainably and enable a circular economy in cities. The focus of behavioural and market theories, approaches and policies on influencing individuals’ choices has been less effective in making households more sustainable. By adopting practice theory as an alternative perspective, this thesis examines the daily activities of low-income households using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, home tours and digital photography. Findings provide original insights into plastic materiality, sustainability practices, and circular economy transitions. Additionally, this thesis discusses grassroots strategies to improve environmental governance and the implications of findings for policymakers and practitioners.
... Several studies have been carried out on the environmental consequences of indiscriminate waste dumping. In recent years in some Nigerian cities, the solid waste problem has been investigated from environmental, socio-political, economic, and spatial viewpoints (Kofoworola, 2007;Nzeadibe and Iwuoha, 2008;Ogbonna et al., 2012). Several other studies have examined the challenges of waste management practices (Agwu, 2012); while many others revolved around waste generation in households and industry (Wang et al., 2009) as major producers of waste. ...
The study empirically evaluated the environmental (water and soil) benefits of aluminum waste cans recycling in Lagos State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from three locations using a soil auger the locations were aluminum at the recycling site, soil 100m away from the recycling site, and soil 150m away from the recycling site. From each location, three soil samples were collected and taken to the laboratory for analysis of soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents using standard methods. Similarly, a random sampling technique was employed to collect 3 borehole water samples 100m away from the recycling site and 150m away from the recycling site using 750 millimeters of a SMART plastic container. The collected water samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis of heavy metals using standard methods. The results obtained revealed that high contents of physio-chemical properties of OC (2.96%), Ca (10.92 cmol/kg), Mg (0.77 cmol/kg), K (0.24 cmol/kg), Na (0.57 cmol/kg), exchange acidity (0.33 cmol/kg) and ECEC (12.46 cmol/kg) were found in soil 100m away from the recycling site. Also high content of Av. P (23.27 mg/kg) was found in soil 150m away from the recycling. The contents of OC, P, Ca, Mg, K, and ECEC increase with distance away from the recycling site. No significant variations were found in the contents of OC, TN, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, ,Al and ECEC (p>0.05). The content of Fe (223.87 mg/kg) was found to be high at the aluminum waste cans recycling site (discharge point) and low in soil 150m away from the recycling site while high Mn (2.62 mg/kg) content was found in soil 150m away from the recycling site and low in soil 100m away from the recycling point. The contents of Fe, Mn, Pb,Cd and Zn were withwhomWHO maximum permissible level indicating low concentration in the soil. A negative and significant association was observed between Zn and Cd (rho = -0.812, p<0.05). High Fe (259.18 mg/L), Pb (2.49 m,g/L) and Zn (16.01 mg/L) contents were found in the wastewater (discharge point), while high Mn (56.42 mg/L) content was found in the borehole water sample. The contents of Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were the above WHO permissible limit. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the government should set up modalities to control the discharge of substances into the soil and water.
... Baser et al. (2017) studied the relationship between food safety knowledge, food safety attitude, and food safety behavior. Practices are the community's actions affected by knowledge and attitude (Kofoworola, 2007;Knickmeyer, 2020). Citizens of developing countries are mostly not involved in waste management decision making, which in turn reduces their concern, attitude, and practice toward waste recycling and management programs (Essuman, 2017). ...
With the rapid increase in household waste, environmental degradation becomes more serious. It is imperative to promote waste sorting in China. This study proposes an extended KAB model to explore the impact mechanism of different dimensions of subjective environmental knowledge on urban residents' waste sorting intention. The study also explores the moderating role of environmental concern in the relationship between three types of subjective environmental knowledge and attitude toward waste sorting. Based on 308 valid questionnaires, through structural equation model, multiple regression analysis, and simple slope test, we found that system knowledge, action-related knowledge, and effectiveness knowledge all have positive impacts on residents' attitudes toward waste sorting, and effectiveness knowledge has the most significant impact. Meanwhile, environmental concern positively moderates the relationship between system knowledge, effectiveness knowledge, and attitude toward waste sorting. This study makes an important theoretical contribution to enrich the existing literature on residents' waste sorting behavior and provides theoretical insights for governmental waste sorting policy formulation at the practical level.
... The management of healthcare waste commenced at the source of generation. It has been averred by several authors that waste management involves generation, sorting (segregation), collection, transportation, storage, treatment and final disposal including financing, administration and management [7] [8] [9]. According to [10], healthcare facilities must retain it sanitary and hygiene status at all levels operation. ...
The consciousness and practical in-depth knowledge of the nature of medical waste, its public and environmental implications serves as a veritable tool in the effective and efficient management of medical waste in any healthcare institution. Thus, this study considered the knowledge and practice of medical waste in small, medium and large hospital in Bayelsa State, South-south Nigeria. It is aimed at assessing waste management practices with respect to colour coding at the various healthcare institutions within the study area. A descriptive study design was considered and a sample size of 300 obtained using Cochran’s formula. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data were analyzed using simple percentage and frequency including graphs and bar chart. Result indicated that the rate of awareness and utilization of colour code for medical waste segregation in the various hospitals was poor except the large hospital (63%). The poor awareness level observed in the Medium and small hospitals in this study could be attributed to paucity of waste management infrastructure in addition to medical waste management deficiency and policy implementation practices. Furthermore, it was discovered that the use of sharp receptacle was high in small hospital (56%) and large hospital (75%) as compared to Medium hospital (43%). Also, knowledge, awareness and practice of medical waste management across the various healthcare institutions revealed that the small hospital (79%), medium hospital 71% and the large hospital 75% are well abreast and thus have good understanding of medical waste management, albeit, proper medical waste management is in a state of limbo at the hospitals at the time of this study. Government at all levels should ensure adequate funding and encourage professional to handle medical waste management whereas staff of the various hospitals should be properly trained on significance of the utilization of colour coding.
... According to a researcher [11], efficient municipal solid waste management system (MSWMS) must involve waste reduction, recovery, recycling, application of safe waste treatment methods and environmentally friendly technology for final disposal. However, another researcher [12], stated that the ultimate goal of sustainable solid waste management is the recovery of valuable products from waste with positive environmental effect and efficient energy recovery. ...
This technical paper presents the study of gas production using solid waste collected from Niger Delta University dump site. Combined solid waste processing equipment having a gas treatment unit was designed, fabricated and installed for experimentation. The aim of the research is to determine daily gas production rate of the equipment. The plant consists of three gas production lines designated as “A”, “B” and “C”, each having one vessel of equal capacity of 0.1132 m3. The equipment is designed to receive, treat and convert bio-degradable solid waste into biogas. Each of the three vessels, A, B and C was loaded with 200 kg of well mixed bio-degradable solid waste, then20 kg of cow dungs was added to vessel A, 20kg of poultry droppings was added to vessel B and 20kg of piggery faecal discharge was added to vessel C. Result show that; line “A” has daily peak gas production rate of 0.832, line “B” had a daily peak gas production volume of 0.388 litres, while Line “C” yielded a peak daily gas production of 0.823litres. Also, a cumulative daily total gas production volume of 5.182 litres, 3.239litres and 3.793 litreswere recorded for lines “A”, “B” and “C” respectively. In addition, waste-to-gas production rate of 42.4kg/litre, 68 kg/litre and 58kg/litre were recorded for lines “A”, “B” and “C. The determination of daily gas production rate and cumulative gas production volumes of a cottage gas processing equipment was successfully carried-out with the conclusion that; gas production line “A” is more attractive from the standpoint of gas production volume. The adoption and setting up of small-scale gas processing plant for the purpose of waste management and gas production in our communities is therefore recommended. Keyword: Bio-degradable, waste-treatment and Waste-to-gas production.
... Moreover, the administration of these institutions cannot engage in recycling program due to lack of baseline studies on the solid waste composition, quantities and recycling potentials. While waste characterization from households, markets and cities in some parts of Nigeria has been considered in numerous studies on waste management in Nigeria [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], there are limited literature information on characterization of wastes from higher education institutions such as University of Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to: determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated in University of Nigeria, Nsukka campus; determine the effect of source of generation on the solid waste quantities and compositions and determine the recycling potentials of the solid waste and recommend the best management strategies based on the findings. ...
The aim of the study is to determine the quantity, composition and treatment potentials of solid waste generated in University of Nigeria Nsukka campus. To achieve these, solid waste was sampled for 1 week from Nine (9) academic buildings, sixty-two (62) academic departments administrative offices, eight (8) corridors, and three (3) cafeterias giving a total of 82 waste sampling points. In total, 4821.1kg/week of waste were separated at University of Nigeria. The total quantity of solid waste at collection points were buildings (1034.9 kg/week), corridor (910.7 kg/week), cafeteria (502.5kg/week) and departmental offices (2373 kg/week). The mean quantities of waste generated at collection points were 114.99kg/week, 113.84kg/week, 167.57kg/week and 38.27kg/week for building, corridors, cafeteria and departmental offices respectively. This shows that on the average that the highest quantity of waste is generated from cafeteria. The weighted average amount of solid waste generated in University of Nigeria Nsukka Campus per sampling point is 58.79kg/week. The weighted average percentage of the waste fractions for university of Nigeria Nsukka Campus is 37.66%, 20.23%, 6.65%, 24.86%, 3.33% and 7.28% for paper, plastic, metal, organic, glass and others respectively. The waste fractions are generated in a decreasing order as follows: paper (37.66%), organic (24.86%), plastic (20.23%). metal (6.65%), others (7.28%) and glass (3.33%). The estimated waste generation rate for the university campus was 0.019kg/capita/day from the four sources analyzed based on current student population of 36000 and weekly generation of 4821.1kg. 28.35% of the waste is compostable while 64.49 % is recyclable and these sums up to 92.84% indicating that only a small proportion that is 7.16% of generated waste which can neither be composted or recycled will be diverted to landfill. Therefore, recovery of resources and recycling call for segregation of waste at the source, through providing separate waste containers for different waste types.
... Miezah et al. (2015) specified that the household plastic waste disposal practices involve open dumping (HPWDP 1), burying (HPWDP 2), burning (HPWDP 3), land filling (HPWDP 4), and giving to collection agencies (HPWDP 5). Kofoworola (2007) mentioned that the difficulties (plastic waste challenges) faced in disposing of plastic waste include a lack of knowledge (HPWC 1), the lack of dumping sites (HPWC 2), irregular collection by agencies (HPWC 3), the lack of dustbins (HPWC 4), and the lack of plastic waste acceptance in the market (HPWC 5). Due to these plastic waste disposal practices and plastic waste challenges, the government has taken certain measures to reduce plastic waste. ...
Plastic Waste Management (PWM) is a significant challenge in every region for local governments / legislatures in emerging nations. Local bodies are facing with the restricted financial policies and deterrents with the assortment of waste, absence of legitimate machinery, use of technology, and sporadic collection by agencies. These snags lead to additional issues, such as littering and illicit unloading in remote and rural regions especially in Kerala. This research attempts to identify the PWM practices by the government on household plastic disposal practices and challenges, by analyzing the study conducted in 203 sample units of households in Kerala. The structured equation modeling technique is used to measure the effectiveness of programme developed by the government to manage households' plastic disposal practices and challenges. The findings of this study are that the Government of Kerala should invest in effective waste management practices in each district and should try to reduce plastic waste by adapting innovative measures and encouraging sustainable plastic waste management technologies at regional level.
This research delves into the multifaceted landscape of sustainable waste management in the context of Barisal City Corporation, emphasizing the challenges of implementing the 3R strategy. The city's waste management practices and perceptions among its residents are examined through a comprehensive primary data collection process, offering critical insights into the current state of waste management. The study reveals formidable challenges such as insufficient local government initiatives and supervision, irregular waste transportation and segregation, insufficient manpower, unconventional waste storage and disposal practices, unaddressed environmental impact, and the lack of a secondary transfer station. At the same time, the research uncovers promising prospects, including source segregation, energy-efficient waste transportation, and an emerging recycling culture. By addressing these challenges, the city can significantly advance its waste management initiatives, aligning them with the 3R strategy and striving for a cleaner, more sustainable urban environment.
“Waste-to-energy” (WtE) has been historically associated with incineration. However, this term has taken on a broader connotation and encompasses currently any processing method that generates energy or alternative fuels from waste. In this chapter, two articles conduct systematic reviews on WtE, one aiming at the research in the management of municipal solid waste in Africa, while the other aims to promote the potential of emerging WtE generation technologies and innovations. The other articles research the background narrative for the “Hybrid Waste-to-Energy as a sustainable solution for Ghana” project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The analyses provide a true reflection of the waste generation vis-a-vis collection models and their potential for energy generation in Ghana. These analyses could be used to replicate the model for similar communities in other countries. The research also focuses on effective WtE plant operationalization and acceptance. Capacity building and basic education play a vital role in enhancing the waste segregation and treatment, reducing the burden on waste management. Publicizing/disseminating the net social and economic benefits to the target communities should create additional benefits. The chapter is concluded with case specific business model based on a newly built WtE plant in Ghana.
The present study highlights ways and risks of managing household wastes on the environment in the town of Obala in the Lekié Division of Cameroon. In this work, a cross-sectional descriptive survey subdivided into two, geographical and sociological, was carried out. The sampling method based on the random selection mobilized 30 households per quarter. A total of 120 households were randomly selected in four (04) of out the seven (07) districts of Obala, and interviews were conducted with urban council officials and 30 council agents in charge of refuse collection. The results showed that 53.3% of households surveyed are headed by women and 92% of the population stock their solid household waste in a garbage can. Moreover, 98% of households dispose of their waste by uncontrolled dumping and/or in unauthorized landfill sites, and a number of these unauthorized refuse dumps have been identified in the town. In Obala, 99% of household waste is disposed of at the dumping sites by open incineration leading to air pollution. Elsewhere, the characterization of these wastes showed a high rate of organic matter (53.1%) and of plastic (20%). Concerning awareness of some diseases caused by poor household waste management, 63% of respondents mentioned malaria, 25% diarrhea and 12% a number of other diseases. This study reveals that household waste management is inadequate and a real problem in terms of hygiene and public health, thus, a source of threat to the development of the town of Obala, despite household waste’s enormous potential for recycling.
Environmental sanitation problems are a bane in cities in developing countries caused by poor sanitation behavior of individuals, particularly adolescents. Several recommendations have been made to effectively curb the menace, one of which is environmental education. The impact of education especially among adolescents who are forming lifelong behaviors is however not adequately documented. This study is a quasi-experimental research designed to fill this gap toward ameliorating sanitation problems in the city. From six schools selected in the municipality, 185 adolescents were selected from both public- and private-owned secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, using multistage sampling. Information was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to the sampled adolescents before and after eight weeks of an environmental education intervention. The study revealed that the intervention significantly improved the adolescents’ environmental sanitation knowledge and behavior. The study concludes that environmental education has to be efficiently incorporated into learning process to curb the ever-present sanitation problems effectively.
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of environmental education on the knowledge and attitude of students from the Health, Safety and Environmental Education (HSE) and Human Kinetics Departments of the Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City. The quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. The simple random sampling technique was used, and a sample size of 200 respondents was selected, with 100 respondents each from both the HSE and HKS departments, which made up the experimental group and control group of the study respectively. Data obtained for the study through a validated instrument were subjected to analytical tools such as frequency and percentage tables, and the T-TEST for testing the null hypothesis (Ho) at a 0.05 level of significance, on the relationship between environmental education and knowledge and practice of waste segregation in solid waste management between the two study groups. Findings from the study show that there is a significant difference in knowledge and attitude towards waste segregation among students exposed to environmental education, compared to those not treated or exposed to the same, hence emphasising the impact and relevance of environmental education to waste segregation practices. Segregation was found to be an essential part of waste management, and involves the collection of wastes in different types/colours of bins or bags, sorting according to the different material components and separating wastes into useful and useless items at the point of collection. The benefits include a clean and healthy environment, conversion of disposed materials to reusable items, and management of solid waste.
According to Robinson (1986), solid waste management is described as the purposeful application of techniques that would ensure the orderly executions of such functions as the collection, transportation, processing, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The various methods of data collection and sampling constitutes of data acquisition, data collection source and method, research design, research population and sample size, questionnaire construction and administration and analysis of data. This research is based on survey method of data collection with structured questionnaire administered, field observation as the major instruments. Descriptive survey research designs were adopted in this research. This is because descriptive survey study sets out to describe and interpret what exist. The computation and analysis of the data were done through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. The data analysis shows that respondents indicated they have public bins closer to their houses. This finding is in support of Agbesola (2013) that while Lagos has a waste management system that according to international standards is dismal, the state is the most progressive in terms of waste management policy design and implementation in the country. Waste disposal method is a problem in the neighborhood which include; public bin, waste van, drainages, road or Street side and open space. This finding is in agreement with the assertion of Narayana (2009), Izeze (1999) and Alam et al (2007) that waste management to be a perennial challenge in various countries of the world especially the developing ones. The problems of solid waste management in developing countries resulted from the surges in urban population, constantly changing lifestyles and rapid industrialization. And that poorly managed wastes are perceived as environmental hazards of high significance and the inabilities of societies to manage waste generation effectively play no small role in increasing extant environmental pressures. The data analysis shows that there is enough information available about the environmental impacts of waste disposal practices in your area. This finding is in consonance with the assertion of Wakjira (2007) that the most common methods of disposing inorganic waste are sanitary landfill, open dumping, incineration, open burning and reuse and recycling. The open methods of disposal have negative impacts on the environment as a whole and on the community living in the vicinity of the dumpsite in particular. Recycling is increasingly being seen as a viable option for the treatment of inorganic waste in the developing countries.
This paper examined industrial waste management practices in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A mixed method was used in carrying out the study as it involved surveys as well the use of GIS for site suitability. A total of 200 copies of the questionnaire were administered by adopting simple random sampling and used for the analysis. A simple lab test was conducted and findings revealed that there is a wide variation in the levels of zinc and nickel availability, though within the standards for drinking water, suggesting a change in water quality at various locations. High mercury levels in one of the samples are a reason for concern. It was recommended based on the findings amongst others that awareness and education regarding appropriate waste management, including collection and disposal, is essential for all construction workforces and should be provided by firms, in conjunction with the industry, The study recommends that the Kaduna State Government should consider measures, such as the introduction of regulatory policy, including site waste management plan (SWMP), Pay-As-YouThrow (PAYT), and landfill ban to divert material wastes from landfills. PPUV is a Pay-Per-Unit volume of waste generated and its purpose is to reduce waste and encourage reuse and recycling management of industries needs to change the misconception that landfilling is a cheaper option when compared to reuse and recycling. The design team should adopt effective design minimization measures, while other professionals are to ensure efficient waste reduction approaches.
This chapter provides insight into various WM models that can aid governments from various countries in addressing waste generation rates and restructuring management approaches. Innovative approaches should be taken to collect and recycle different types of waste in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Instead of landfilling or open burning, waste should be recycled through effective treatment methods to recover precious materials and minimize the hazardous impact on living beings. Sustainable WM solutions are not only essential to maintain environmental harmony but are
linked with cost, public response, political constraints, and social norms. Sharing
knowledge and implementing advanced technological know-how to manage waste
and post-consumption processing is mandatory in today’s world and especially where there is widespread interest. Technologically advanced countries bear the responsibility of extending their helping hands to others in order to facilitate recovery and recycling. This step can strengthen CE by reducing unnecessary waste disposal and increasing material recovery, and minimizing the use of virgin materials. Furthermore, WtE, thermal conversion, and heat recovery sectors have a high potential to address energy crisis while also ensuring proper waste disposal. Finally, the introduction of automation technologies in waste valorization plants such as gasification, radiant superheating, incineration, and gasification can ensure maximum onsite safety while increasing conversion efficiency.
Purpose: The study is on the influencing factors of domestic solid waste management in Abuja targeted at investigating and studying the factors influencing domestic solid waste management in Abuja, Historically, the amount of wastes generated by human population was insignificant mainly due to the low population densities, coupled with the fact that there was very little exploitation of natural resources. The problem associated with the management of solid waste in most urban cities in Nigeria, like Abuja, does not completely appear to be a problem of absence of legislative framework for solid waste management owing to the fact that at Federal, States, and Local governments levels, there exist some form of sanitation legislations or the other, but some other factors have come to play with the crises experienced in the management of wastes in the Nigerian urban centers. Methodology: The research procedures involve the following: research design, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, administration of the instrument and data analysis techniques. Findings: The result of the study to determine the social factor affecting the management of domestic waste: Location have great effect on waste management, not that everyone should leave in that location, but amenities available in that location should be considered in other locations too. There’s is inadequate waste bin located across the location of study. To determine the economic factor affecting the management of domestic waste: The key economic factor affecting waste management is the poor economy of the nation. Poor or bad technological concept lack of facilities, insufficient man power and more affect the waste management. To determine the natural factors affecting household waste management in Abuja: Top on the natural factor that affects solid waste management in Abuja is the wind, topography and flooding. Which made the management of this waste difficult by the waste management companies. Rain have a slight stand out as during rainy seasons waste management team don’t go into all sessions to extract waste. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Further finding solving the research questions shows that the social status of Abuja residence affects the disposal of waste. The lack of finance or poor economic condition result to poor waste management. Some natural element has significance on waste management in Abuja. Some other factor that have significant effect on household waste management, e.g. corruption, bad economy, lack of sensitization and lack of funds. Furthermore, waste reuse will not be out of place hence the territory moves closer to a zero waste level, where all said waste are recycled and reused by the host communities.
In Nigeria, about 42 million tonnes of solid waste is generated annually. Among them, organic waste accounts for 52% of the total. These organic wastes, when properly utilized, would significantly reduce the total waste generation in Nigeria. It would also reduce the potential environmental impacts such as air pollution and groundwater pollution. However, most of these organic wastes generated are disposed of improperly in poorly managed dumps. Open burning of organics has been widely practiced in most communities in Nigeria. However, the uncontrolled burning process generates air pollutants and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. The lack of technical know-how combined with the lack of compliance by the public contributes to the poor utilization of organic wastes as bio-resources in Nigeria. Proper monitoring and management mechanisms of organic wastes by the regulatory agencies are also required. Corns are popular crops in Nigeria and in 2019 Nigerians produced about 11 million tonnes of corn. Ultimate analysis of corn cobs suggests that the cobs contain 46.6% carbon, 45.5% oxygen, 5.9% hydrogen 0.5% nitrogen, and 1.4% ash on a dry mass basis. Compared to other agricultural wastes, corn cobs have a significantly lower ash content (<1.5%) which makes them suitable for residential heating applications. It also has an energy density of 365 kcal/100 g making it viable as feedstock for energy generation. The main objectives of this paper are to (i) identify the various means of proper utilization of corn cobs as a bio-resource in Nigeria, and (ii) discuss its benefits as well as the challenges with respect to the Nigerian bio-resource industry.
This paper illustrates the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) in the design of three commonly used products – air-conditioners, televisions and refrigerators – which are energy-intensive during their operation. As anticipated, the analysis shows the importance of energy efficiency in improving the environmental performance of these products. However, the analysis also brings out the importance of material and resource use, recycling and impacts such as toxicity. In case of the air-conditioner, the leakage of refrigerant (R22) and aluminium production have significant contributions to stratospheric ozone depletion and carcinogenicity potential respectively. The LCAs of the television and refrigerator reveal that a large portion of the resources used end up as solid waste. The analyses also show that the primary energy for the production of raw materials is much higher than that required for the manufacture of product. These factors highlight the advantage of recycling. LCA is thus a tool for integrated environmental assessment which includes and goes beyond energy efficiency.
The Generation of solid waste is a serious proble, worldwide, particularly among industrialized nations where the amount of solid waste generated continues to increase in both absolute and per capita terms.1 For the most part, muncipal governments are the bodies that must grapple with the various aspects of solid waste, including waste collection, transfer, and disposal. The rising cost and decreasing availability of landfills, as well as citizen opposition to proposed landfill sites, are making disposal increasingly problematic. Waste incineration is often employed to reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills, but this practice is not without its environmental costs—including, increased air pollution and the creation of a potentially toxic end product (incinerator ash).
One of the major uses for energy is building construction and operation, including both operating energy and energy embodied in the physical structure. Embodied energy is an assessment that includes the energy required to extract raw materials from nature, plus theenergyy used in primary and secondary manufacturing activities to provide a finished product. As the operating energy required for buildings declines, the embodied energy they represent becomes a more significant percentages of the total energy. This article discusses reducing embodied energy of buildings.
In this paper, the definition of solid waste, typical composition of municipal solid waste (MSW), and brief analysis of solid waste amount in Japan are presented. Despite of abundant data on MSW, which is collected by an annual nation-wide survey, solid waste flow is not well understood. A clear distinction between two waste sources -household and business/commercial sector -is important. As for household or residential waste, the author estimated waste stream starting from "potential waste", which citizen doesn't need anymore and which can be sent either to an waste disposal facility or to a recycling destination. Finally, current situation of material recycling in Japan was overviewed.
Beneficial uses of Lagos state municipal solid waste
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