... There is much emphasis of the need for more knowledge acquisition at all levels of the profession: There are calls for the adoption of more preventive and adhesive dentistry [129] [131]; and the provision of effective training in the handling and disposal of mercury (including extracted teeth with amalgam restorations) [31,34,36,39,[41][42][43]57,59,74,81,132,133]. 3 Waste management features heavily with recommendations in two areas. a A need to avoid local 'chairside' Hg pollution risks [23,31,34,36,39,42,57,69], by means of: An overall reduction in exposure [49,74,93]; use of water-spray cooling and high-volume vacuum suction during amalgam removal in order to significantly reduce environmental mercury vapour [43,36,62,97,116]; the use of effective chairside traps, vacuum filters and amalgam separators, amalgam separators that meet ISO11143, that are 95% effective [12,23,26,28,[31][32][33]37,39,[41][42][43]45,58,59,62,63,[67][68][69][70]73,74,97,112,118,120,126,132,134]; avoid the use of hypochlorite cleaners, as they increase dissolution of mercury [43,84,[135]]. Effective and safe storage of amalgam features with the following recommendations: Have an amalgam spill-kit for spills of elemental mercury; use a dedicated special container in accordance with relevant regulations; ensure that this has a mercury suppressant; that the container is tightly sealed and; stored in a cold environment [31,36,43,62,70,74,79,81,89,94,97,113,115,116,120,132]. ...