ArticleLiterature Review

[G-spot and female ejaculation: Fiction or reality?]

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors.

Abstract

The G-spot is an ill-defined region, located on the anterior vaginal wall, in its upper outer third, suggested by Ernst Grafenberg, and commemorates the first letter of his name. This area is sensitive to tactile touch, which, when applied, is claimed to result in an intense female orgasm. The G-spot is thought to be the vaginal part that lies beneath the posterior part of the "female prostatic gland", which, when stimulated, results in female ejaculation during orgasm. G-spot and female ejaculation have been studied intensively during the last 50 years and there is scientific (anatomical and biochemical) evidence for their existence. However, this evidence has been challenged, and the debate regarding the existence of the G-spot and female ejaculation as true clinical entities is still ongoing.

No full-text available

Request Full-text Paper PDF

To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.

... Je pravda, že ani v odborných článkoch nenájdeme jednotný názor na tému ženského orgazmu a s ním spojených mysterióznych termínov, ako ženská ejakulácia [12], ženská prostata [36,80,81], bod G [53], či vaginálny versus klitoridálny orgazmus. Aj v roku 2013 sa stretneme s relevantnými odbornými názormi, ktoré absolútne nepochybujú o striktnom rozlíšení vaginálneho a klitoridálneho orgazmu [8,9,14,17], ďalšími, ktoré vymenúvajú pre a proti pre každú z hypotéz a definitívne sa neprikláňajú ani k jednej [64]. A napokon existujú autori, ktorí celý koncept vaginálneho orgazmu, bodu G [54, 60] a ženskej ejakulácie odmietajú ako umelý konštrukt vymyslený Freudom v roku 1905, pre ktorý sa dodnes nenašli valídne, vedecké dôkazy [24,30,61,62]. ...
Article
Full-text available
The clitoris is the female external sexual organ and is composed of erectile bodies. The distal portion of the vagina, clitoris and urethra form an integrated entity sui generis. All these components share a common vasculature and nerve supply and during sexual stimulation they respond as one functional unit. The clitoris is closely linked to the mechanism of sexual arousal in women. Glans has a dense network of receptors, innervated often with a several nerves at the same time - taking care of tactile sensitivity, thus, standing on the begining of the journey, which culminates in orgasm. Nervus dorsalis clitoridis, which is a branch of n. pudendus, takes care of sensitive innervation. For blood suply is responsible a. clitoridis, which is a branch of a. pudenda interna. The most common congenital developmental anomalies of the clitoris include: clitoromegaly, penis-like clitoris and bifid clitoris. All, however, are among the relatively rare birth defects. Mechanism of orgasm gets attention between both laic and scientific community, although to this date there are speculations about its exact mechanism. There is relevant opinion, influenced by Freuds doctrine, which strictly recognizes two kinds of female orgasms - vaginal and clitoral, and, according to proponents of this theory, only the second mentioned is caused by stimulation of the clitoris. The second school unifies the term orgasm and claims that only clitoral stimulation (digital, penile, cunnilingus) and contraction of striated perineal muscle are responsible for orgasm, whether the glans (external part) or the body of the clitoris from the vaginal approach is stimulated. Therewithal, special term for mythical and still undocumented (despite many attempts and bold claims about its finding) G spot (named after Ernst Gräfenberg, a German doctor who predicted the existence of this place) is redundant. Important role in the regulation of female sexuality and responsiveness play a hormonal influences and varying concentrations of neurotransmitters. Keywords: clitoris, anatomy of clitoris, development of clitoris, orgasm, sexuality.
... Originally described by the German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg in 1950, the G-spot refers to an erogenous zone located 1-2 cm from the urethra on the anterior vaginal wall [65]. Since this description was published, there have been many reviews and papers questioning the validity of the G-spot [66,67]. Ostrzenski claimed to have found the G-spot during a cadaver dissection; however, no histological analysis was performed to confirm neurovascular tissue [68]. ...
Article
Full-text available
The aesthetic and functional procedures that comprise female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) include traditional vaginal prolapse procedures as well as cosmetic vulvar and labial procedures. The line between cosmetic and medically indicated surgical procedures is blurred, and today many operations are performed for both purposes. The contributions of gynecologists and reconstructive pelvic surgeons are crucial in this debate. Aesthetic vaginal surgeons may unintentionally blur legitimate female pelvic floor disorders with other aesthetic conditions. In the absence of quality outcome data, the value of FGCS in improving sexual function remains uncertain. Women seeking FGCS need to be educated about the range and variation of labia widths and genital appearance, and should be evaluated for true pelvic support disorders such as pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Women seeking FGCS should also be screened for psychological conditions and should act autonomously without coercion from partners or surgeons with proprietary conflicts of interest.
... The responses related to the G-spot were surprising because knowledge of the spot has not been openly discussed in China. The existence of the spot is still debated, 35 although it has been widely accepted among women, the nonscientific population, and the press. 36 "We see the G-spot as a gift that God sends to us lesbians because it can only be stimulated digitally; further, it makes us feel more equal to heterosexual people", one participant said. ...
Article
Full-text available
Previous studies have shown evidence of health-related risk behaviors among women who have sex with women (WSW), such as sex with men, multiple bisexual partners, and drug use. Women who have sex with women have also been known to avoid routine physical examinations and conceal their same-sex history from physicians, which can affect their ability to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment. No previous research has targeted women who have sex with women in China. We sought to describe women who have sex with women in China and explore risk factors for their reproductive tract infections (RTI)/sexually transmitted infections (STI). Participants were recruited through outreach in venues and online for a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using interviews and laboratory tests. We recruited 224 women who have sex with women. In the year preceding their participation in the study, 92% (206/224) of women reported sexual relations with women. The RTI rates were: gonorrhea (15.8%), chlamydia (3.5%), syphilis (0.5%), bacterial vaginosis (14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (0.9%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (0.5%), and candidiasis (6.9%). No HIV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) positive cases were detected. Factors associated with gonorrhea infection were non-Beijing local residency (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 3.8) and genital-genital contact (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.3 - 7.2); factors associated with curable STI (excluding bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, HBV and HCV) were non-Beijing local residency (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.2 - 3.0) and bleeding during or after sex (OR = 18.1; 95%CI: 5.2 - 62.6); and the factor associated with RTI (including all the infections tested) was bleeding during or after sex (OR = 37.8, 95%CI: 11.2 - 127.4). Behaviors that may cause RTI/STI exist among Chinese women who have sex with women. Researchers should consider these behaviors when planning corresponding prevention and interventions.
Article
The existence of the G-Spot has never been unequivocally confirmed. With increased public exposure and a trend towards sexual gratification, however, the impetus to elucidate this structure is greater than ever. This review will focus on research that has been conducted on the clinical anatomy of the G-Spot. Ultimately this review will show that while the distal area of the anterior vaginal wall appears to be the most sensitive region of the vagina, the existence of an anatomical "G-spot" remains to be demonstrated. Clin. Anat., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Article
Introduction: There is an ongoing debate around the existence of the G-spot--an allegedly highly sensitive area on the anterior wall of the human vagina. The existence of the G-spot seems to be widely accepted among women, despite the failure of numerous behavioral, anatomical, and biochemical studies to prove its existence. Heritability has been demonstrated in all other genuine anatomical traits studied so far. Aim: To investigate whether the self-reported G-spot has an underlying genetic basis. Methods: 1804 unselected female twins aged 22-83 completed a questionnaire that included questions about female sexuality and asked about the presence or absence of a G-spot. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in the reported existence of a G-spot was assessed using a variance components model fitting approach. Main outcome measures: Genetic variance component analysis of self-reported G-spot. Results: We found 56% of women reported having a G-spot. The prevalence decreased with age. Variance component analyses revealed that variation in G-spot reported frequency is almost entirely a result of individual experiences and random measurement error (>89%) with no detectable genetic influence. Correlations with associated general sexual behavior, relationship satisfaction, and attitudes toward sexuality suggest that the self-reported G-spot is to be a secondary pseudo-phenomenon. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest study investigating the prevalence of the G-spot and the first one to explore an underlying genetic basis. A possible explanation for the lack of heritability may be that women differ in their ability to detect their own (true) G-spots. However, we postulate that the reason for the lack of genetic variation-in contrast to other anatomical and physiological traits studied-is that there is no physiological or physical basis for the G-spot.
Article
The existence of an anatomically distinct female G-spot is controversial. Reports in the public media would lead one to believe the G-spot is a well-characterized entity capable of providing extreme sexual stimulation, yet this is far from the truth. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the evidence both supporting and refuting the existence of an anatomically distinct female G-spot. PubMed search for articles published between 1950 and 2011 using key words "G-spot," "Grafenberg spot," "vaginal innervation," "female orgasm," "female erogenous zone," and "female ejaculation." Clinical trials, meeting abstracts, case reports, and review articles that were written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal were selected for analysis. The main outcome measure of this article was to assess any valid objective data in the literature that scientifically evaluates the existence of an anatomically distinct G-spot. The literature cites dozens of trials that have attempted to confirm the existence of a G-spot using surveys, pathologic specimens, various imaging modalities, and biochemical markers. The surveys found that a majority of women believe a G-spot actually exists, although not all of the women who believed in it were able to locate it. Attempts to characterize vaginal innervation have shown some differences in nerve distribution across the vagina, although the findings have not proven to be universally reproducible. Furthermore, radiographic studies have been unable to demonstrate a unique entity, other than the clitoris, whose direct stimulation leads to vaginal orgasm. Objective measures have failed to provide strong and consistent evidence for the existence of an anatomical site that could be related to the famed G-spot. However, reliable reports and anecdotal testimonials of the existence of a highly sensitive area in the distal anterior vaginal wall raise the question of whether enough investigative modalities have been implemented in the search of the G-spot.
Article
Opinions vary over whether female ejaculation exists or not. We investigated the hypothesis that female orgasm is not associated with ejaculation. Thirty-eight healthy women were studied. The study comprised of glans clitoris electrovibration with simultaneous recording of vaginal and uterine pressures as well as electromyography of corpus cavernous and ischio- and bulbo-cavernosus muscles. Glans clitoris electrovibration was continued until and throughout orgasm. Upon glans clitoris electrovibration, vaginal and uterine pressures as well as corpus cavernous electromyography diminished until a full erection occurred when the silent cavernosus muscles were activated. At orgasm, the electromyography of ischio-and bulbo-cavernosus muscles increased intermittently. The female orgasm was not associated with the appearance of fluid coming out of the vagina or urethra.
Article
Hysterectomy for benign conditions, whether total or subtotal, with or without oophorectomy, and by abdominal or vaginal approach, is a common procedure in gynecologic surgery. Early concerns about a negative impact on postoperative sexuality following hysterectomy can no longer be maintained. Currently, sufficient data is available to indicate that hysterectomy does not adversely affect post-operative female sexuality and may even improve it. The addition of testosterone to post-operative hormonal treatment may further improve sexual response in women, although this approach is still controversial. There is only scarce information accessible related to the impact of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence on the sexual response in women. The limited data available on the postoperative effect on womens' sexuality of new surgical techniques such as laparoscopic hysterectomy, hysteroscopy or ablation, show improvement even in comparison with traditional surgical methods.
Article
Full-text available
We investigated the hypothesis that the vagina generates electric waves which effect vaginal contraction during penile thrusting. In 24 healthy female volunteers, the electric waves of the vagina were recorded by two electrodes applied to its wall. The vaginal pressure was registered by a manometric tube. The electric waves and vaginal pressure were recorded at rest and on vaginal distension by condom in increments of 10 ml of carbon dioxide. The test was repeated after vaginal anesthetization proximally and distally to the electrodes. Slow waves (SWs) were recorded from the two electrodes with regular rhythm and similar frequency, amplitude and conduction velocity. They were randomly followed or superimposed by action potentials (APs). Vaginal pressure increase was coupled with APs. Large-volume condom distension significantly increased the electric waves' variables and pressure. Upon vaginal anesthetization, the electric waves were recorded proximal but not distal to the anesthetized area. Electric waves could be recorded from the vagina. They spread caudad. A pacemaker was postulated to exist at the upper vagina evoking these waves. The electric waves seem to be responsible for the vaginal contractile activity. Large-volume vaginal distension effected an increase in the vaginal electric waves and pressure which probably denotes increased vaginal muscle contraction. It appears that penile thrusting during coitus stimulates the vaginal pacemaker which effects an increase in vaginal electric activity and muscle contractility and thus leading to an increase in sexual arousal. The vaginal pacemaker seems to represent the G spot, which is claimed to be a small area of erotic sensitivity in the vagina. The electrovaginogram may act as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of sexual disorders.
Article
Sexual dysfunction in women is quite prevalent and encompasses all ages, cultures and socio-economical statuses. The various array of sexual dysfunction in women adversely affects their quality of life on the one hand and their relationship with their spouses on the other. To overview the issue of sexual dysfunction in women while focusing on the latest medical treatment options available. Review of the relevant medical literature. Medical treatment of sexual dysfunction in women is based on medications that either enhance blood flow into the female sex organs, mediate sexual neurological response or increase female libido. Most of these treatments are still experimental, yet have demonstrated encouraging preliminary results. Medical treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is an evolving discipline in contemporary medicine that has recorded several successes. However, in light of its complexity, much is still left to be resolved in the complete understanding of the female sexual response and treatment should be adjusted accordingly.