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Examination of the Relationship Between Mandibular Position and Body Posture

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing mandibular position on body posture and reciprocally, body posture on mandibular position. Forty-five (45) asymptomatic subjects (24 males and 21 females, ages 21-53 years, mean age 30.7 years) were included in this study and randomly assigned to one of two groups, based on the table of random numbers. The only difference between group I and group II was the sequence of the testing. The MatScan (Tekscan, Inc., South Boston, MA) system was used to measure the result of changes in body posture (center of foot pressure: COP) while subjects maintained the following 5 mandibular positions: (1) rest position, (2) centric occlusion, (3) clinically midlined jaw position with the labial frena aligned, (4) a placebo wax appliance, worn around the labial surfaces of the teeth and (5) right eccentric mandibular position. The T-Scan II (Tekscan, Inc., South Boston, MA) system was used to analyze occlusal force distribution in two postural positions, with and without a heel lift under the right foot. Total trajectory length of COP in centric occlusion was shorter than in the rest position (p < 0.05). COP area in right eccentric mandibular position was larger than in centric occlusion (p < 0.05). When subjects used a heel lift under the right foot, occlusal forces shifted to the right side compared to no heel lift (p < 0.01). Based on these findings, it was concluded that changing mandibular position affected body posture. Conversely, changing body posture affected mandibular position.
... Sakaguchi in 2007 studied the effect of different mandibular positions on postural stability and found that the body is more stable when the subject is in centered occlusion than when the mandible is in resting or eccentric position (smaller center of pressure). This change in mandibular posture affects the cervical and facial muscles via the trigeminal nerve [5]. ...
... The CoP area in right eccentric mandibular position was larger than in centric occlusion. Based on these results, it was concluded that mandibular positions affect body posture [5]. ...
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Background The purpose of this study was to determine the association between pelvic and center foot pressure (CoP) imbalances and angle class II or III malocclusions. Methods Our study is a prospective, descriptive, and analytic study conducted on two groups: a test group of 53 patients who present malocclusion class II or III compared with 53 controls matched for age and gender. The evaluation of the center of foot pressure (CoP) and the confidence ellipse area (mm2) were performed by stabilometric platefrom using bipodal test in two occlusal conditions, in maximum intercuspation (MI) and with a cotton roll (CR), with and without visual cue. A pelvic level device was used to perform the pelvic balance examination. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test, the McNemar test, and the Pearson test.
... Numerous publications of the last decades discussed the anatomical and functional interactions of the temporomandibular system with global body posture [19, 32,33]. Especially the role of occlusion is discussed controversially and dismissed by some authors [34]. ...
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Objectives Body posture of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been investigated using different methods, whereas outcome and conclusions were controversial. The present clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of splint therapy on global body posture. Materials and methods 24 subjects (20 females, 4 males; age 24.2 ± 4.0 years) with TMD symptoms were examined clinically (RDC/TMD) and subsequently, splint fabrication was initiated. Along with routine therapy, all subjects underwent three-dimensional pre- and post-treatment full body scans in standing and upright sitting posture using a Vitus Smart XXL 3D scanner. Each scan was acquired in triplicate and evaluated in duplicate, measuring twelve standing and nine sitting postural parameters. Influencing factors were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and additional Bland-Altman analyses verified the significance of the ANOVA results. Results The increase of Forward Head angles and the decrease of Round Shoulders angles were consistent for both positions and sides. Forward Head angles were significantly influenced by limited mandibular mobility and myofascial pain. Round Shoulders angles showed a significant correlation with myofascial pain, joint noises and the absence of limited mandibular mobility. Conclusion The influence of occlusal splints on global posture is limited and only small effects on cervicocranial parameters were found. In the present study, the average head position of post treatment measurements was more centered on the body’s core, whereas the shoulders were tilted more anteriorly. Clinical relevance Understanding the limited influence of occlusal splints on cervicocranial parameters underscores the need for multimodal treatment strategies for TMD patients.
... 6 Since balance control is task-specific rather than a general ability, it is useful to study balance tasks other than static stance. 7 Studies showed the stabilising effects of oral motor tasks when standing on firm and foam surfaces [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and during dynamic balancing tasks on unstable platforms. 16 Fadillioglu et al. compared the effect of jaw clenching, tongue pressing against the palate and habitual lower jaw position on postural performance during a dynamic reactive balance task on an oscillating platform. ...
Article
Background: Jaw clenching improves dynamic reactive balance on an oscillating platform during forward acceleration and is associated with decreased mean sway speed of different body regions. Objective: It is suggested that jaw clenching as a concurrent muscle activity facilitates human motor excitability, increasing the neural drive to distal muscles. The underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon was studied based on leg and trunk muscle activity (iEMG) and co-contraction ratio (CCR). Methods: Forty-eight physically active and healthy adults were assigned to three groups, performing three oral motor tasks (jaw clenching, tongue pressing against the palate or habitual lower jaw position) during a dynamic one-legged stance reactive balance task on an oscillating platform. The iEMG and CCR of posture-relevant muscles and muscle pairs were analysed during platform forward acceleration. Results: Tongue pressing caused an adjustment of co-contraction patterns of distal muscle groups based on changes in biomechanical coupling between the head and trunk during static balancing at the beginning of the experiment. Neither iEMG nor CCR measurement helped detect a general neuromuscular effect of jaw clenching on the dynamic reactive balance. Conclusion: The findings might indicate the existence of robust fixed patterns of rapid postural responses during the important initial phases of balance recovery.
Chapter
The precision analysis of occlusal contacts and occlusal force is a problem in functional diagnostics that has not yet been satisfactorily resolved, despite the fact that the deleterious consequences of an unbalanced occlusion are widespread and can be severe. In clinical practice, the present-day analysis of the occlusion is reduced to depicting force with color-marking foils that leave ink marks upon the teeth. However, these foils and papers only indicate the localization of contacts, but do not describe reliably the occlusal force relationships. Precise analysis that incorporates time resolution, and plots the distribution of forces within the occlusion, is not possible when employing the traditional occlusal indicator methods. A detailed occlusal force and timing analysis can however be provided by performing a computer-assisted analysis, using the T-Scan occlusal analysis system, which records changing relative occlusal force levels and real-time occlusal contact sequence data with high definition (HD) piezoelectric recording sensors. This chapter includes five different T-Scan system force reproduction studies (2 T-Scan III studies, 1 T-Scan 9 study, and 2 T-Scan 10 Novus studies), three T-Scan Time-based quantification studies, and one repeatability and reproducibility bench analysis comparing T-Scan 10 Novus to the Occlusense system. Taken all together, these studies demonstrate the accuracy, repeatability, and consistency of this high-precision computer-based occlusal function measurement method.
Chapter
Presently, the functional description and the spatial distribution of the dental occlusion can be described and categorized with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Considering that the dental occlusion has a prominent role in the neuroconduction of the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the head and neck biomechanics, and in whole body posture, it is extremely necessary to diagnose what is outside the mechanical norm with digital biometry and either 2 or 3-D imaging, to develop occlusal and cranio-vertebral patterns that are compatible with the body mechanics, the neuroanatomy, the neuroconduction, and with optimal airway orientation. This chapter will describe qualitatively, quantitatively, statically, and dynamically, how the dental anatomy and dental occlusion, the intra - and inter-arch dental relationships, the three planes of craniofacial space, and the cranio-masticatory and cranio-vertebral components, are all neurophysiologically and biomechanically interrelated. The specific aims of this chapter are to outline new dental occlusion concepts as illustrated by digital occlusal biometric technologies and 3D imaging, while also proposing a practical method of performing a 3-dimensional anthropometric evaluation (known as the T.A.C. analysis). This approach utilizes anatomic data gathered by the latest generations of 2 and 3-dimensional images, which assists in understanding the impact that the Temporomandibular Joint orthopedics and differing skeletal maxillary and mandibular boney patterns have on the development of the dental occlusion.
Chapter
The nature of the interrelationship between whole body posture and the quality of the dental occlusion has not yet to date been clearly documented within the dental or posture literature, as the findings of published studies within both fields have been scarce and inconclusive. The combined use of digital diagnostic occlusal and postural assessment technologies has not been widely employed in these research projects, which has mired both fields' ability to study, understand, and to clearly ascertain how posture and dental occlusion affect each other physiologically. As such, the specific aims of this chapter are to outline how posture and dental occlusion interrelate through the Stomatognathic System's afferent neural inputs into the central nervous system (CNS), which communicate important occlusal contact force distribution information, and equally as important, mandibular spatial positional information within the posture and balance regions of the brain. The concept that the dental occlusion is a Capteur for Posture (which in English means a sensor of posture health), is further explored with the inclusion of 3 differing clinical Posturo-Occlusal cases, diagnosed and treated with the combined use of both the T-Scan 9 computerized occlusal analysis technology, the MatScan/MobileMat foot pressure mapping technology, and Footmat Research software version 7.10. These presented clinical cases illustrate that improved right-to-left occlusal contact force balance, and improved center of force location within the dental arches, improves a number of measurable sway parameters. Together, the implementation of the T-Scan and the MatScan exquisitely demonstrate to the clinician the significance of the physiologic interrelationship between body posture and the dental occlusion. The presented cases emphasize there exists a whole-body concept that depends upon a variety of differing systems, whereby changes in the dental occlusion produce a phenomenon of bio-functional neuro-reprogramming for both the Stomatognathic System and the whole body. Lastly, disclusion time reduction (DTR) research is presented that clearly documents high-precision, digitally measured and corrected occlusal function markedly improved forward head posture (FHP). This important study strongly reinforces that the dental occlusion and the whole-body posture are intimately interrelated.
Chapter
Understanding the complex interrelationship of craniomandibular disorders requires a broad understanding, not only of the anatomy and physiology of the head and neck, but also of the spine. At a specific stage of human evolution, it became essential for survival to optimize head movements separate from the body, at the same time achieving a maximum degree of coordination of the eyes, ears, and locomotion. Mammals completed this development by tuning and differentiating the cervical muscles and, therefore, of the proprioceptive system.
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Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia relacje anatomiczne oraz możliwość występowania wpływu niższych segmentów ciała na funkcjonowanie traktu orofacjalnego. Opisuje pracę opartą na terapii ruchowej z przykładowym pacjentem logopedycznym w gabinecie fizjoterapeutycznym. Ukazuje możliwość współpracy interdyscyplinarnej przyczyniającej się do optymalizacji osiągnięć pacjenta w zakresie realizacji celów terapeutycznych.
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PURPOSE This study investigated the differences in plantar pressure distribution when using three breathing techniques during heel raises.METHODS The subjects were 29 professional dancers aged 20 to 30 years with more than 10 years of experience. Pressure distribution according to breathing method during heel raise was measured for 10 seconds while controlling the raise speed and gaze. The three breathing techniques were randomly ordered. Peak pressure, contact area and time, displacement, and absolute velocity of the center of pressure trajectory were measured using Emed®-le from Novel GMBH. Plantar pressure was analyzed by dividing it into a total of 12 areas (masks): five toes, five metatarsals, the midfoot, and the hindfoot.RESULTS Using the teeth occlusion breathing technique, the peak pressure on the first metatarsal was significantly reduced, the contact time of the second metatarsal was significantly longer, and the displacement of the center of pressure trajectory was significantly shorter. Additionally, during the phase of the forefoot retainer, the velocity of the center of pressure trajectory was significantly reduced.CONCLUSIONS The teeth occlusion technique reduces peak pressure, increases contact time and area, and decreases the displacement and velocity of the center of pressure trajectory, demonstrating an efficient method for maintaining balance in ballet movements. This technique can potentially enhance stability and prevent injuries in ballet dancers.
Article
BACKGROUND: Patients with cleft lip and palate experience significant jaw relationship disorders and pathological bite formation, leading to changes in the motor activity of chewing muscles and postural balance disturbances. Most studies on postural control are conducted on patients with skeletal dentofacial anomalies and deformities without cleft lip and palate. The state of postural balance in children with cleft lip and palate requiring long-term complex medical rehabilitation, including bone-reconstructive operations on the jaw bones, remains poorly understood. AIM: To analyze publications dedicated to the evaluation of postural balance in adolescents with cleft lip and palate combined with jaw relationship disorders and pathological bite formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The article includes an analysis and review of several studies that investigated the state of postural balance in adolescents with cleft lip and palate, particularly at the final stages of growth and formation of the musculoskeletal system. Scientific articles published in various medical journals, monographs, dissertations, and materials from scientific symposiums related to this topic were used in the literature review. PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and RSCI were searched without language restrictions. The search depth was 23 years, and 64 studies were selected. RESULTS: The article analyzes literature data related to theories of the mechanism of mutual influence between postural balance and the dentofacial apparatus (disorders and pathological bite formation). The state of postural balance is influenced by various factors, including the craniosacral system and anomalies of the cervical spine. Patients with cleft lip and palate, hemifacial microsomia, and other craniofacial dysostoses with growth disorders of jaw bones experience an imbalance in the entire “descending” chain, causing postural disturbances, increased plantar pressure, increased foot rigidity, and changes in photogrammetry indicators, which should be considered when developing an individual rehabilitation program for these patients. The treatment of these patients without considering postural balance disorders can lead to temporomandibular joint pathologies, unstable results of the conservative orthodontic treatment of bite pathologies, and bone-reconstructive operations on jaws. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the ways of adaptation of the musculoskeletal system in the presence of occlusal relationship disorders and emphasizes the need to evaluate this influence comprehensively for the treatment of these patients. The limitations of the presented studies should be emphasized: insufficient sample size, lack of control groups and prospective studies, limited types of examination, and lack of studies dedicated to more severe anomalies of craniofacial development.
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Es wird ein Reflex beschrieben, welcher durch sensible (elektrische cutane) Reizung der vom N. Trigeminus versorgten Gesichtshaut ausgelst werden kann, dessen Afferenz ber den N. Trigeminus luft und dessen Reflexantwort in einer motorischen Reaktion verschiedener Muskeln des Halses, der Schultern und der Oberarme besteht. Der Einfachheit halber wird dieser Reflex als Trigeminusreflex bezeichnet, nach dem Nerven, der den afferenten Schenkel bildet. Die Zugehrigkeit dieses Reflexes zu den verschiedenen bekannten Reflexen des Gesichtsbereiches, insbesondere aber seine Beziehungen zum generalisierten Beugereflex und zu der lokalen nociceptiven Fluchtreaktion werden diskutiert.
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