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The Effect of Deep-Tissue Massage Therapy on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the effects of deep tissue massage on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure.
The study involved 263 volunteers (12% males and 88% females), with an average age of 48.5. Overall muscle spasm/muscle strain was described as either moderate or severe for each patient. Baseline blood pressure and heart rate were measured via an automatic blood pressure cuff. Twenty-one (21) different soothing CDs played in the background as the deep tissue massage was performed over the course of the study. The massages were between 45 and 60 minutes in duration. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with post-hoc Scheffe's F-test.
Results of the present study demonstrated an average systolic pressure reduction of 10.4 mm Hg (p<0.06), a diastolic pressure reduction of 5.3 mm Hg (p<0.04), a mean arterial pressure reduction of 7.0 mm Hg (p<0.47), and an average heart rate reduction of 10.8 beats per minute (p<0.0003), respectively.
Additional scientific research in this area is warranted.
... The duration of each massage procedure in both conditions was 45 minutes. For comparison, the information from the literature review shows that similar studies use different duration of massage procedure: 15, 30, 40, 45 and 60 min [28,30,34,36]. A restorative sports massage was used for the needs of the study. ...
... The skin fold lift test, the visual analog scale, and the pain sensation survey were used to determine the effect of the influences on the lower back pain reduction. During the research of the literature, we found many references that use the heart rate as an indicator for assessment the effect of different massage therapies [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. In these studies the effectiveness of massage therapy was analyzed through HR together with complementary parameters. ...
... It is the result of the nature of the massage procedure used. Similar results are described in some of the studies cited in the literature review [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Second, the increase between the initial and the final HR after the massage with the usage of the stereoscopic glasses was calculated (-22.6c/o; ...
Objectives The aim of this paper was the investigation of the relaxation effect after sports restorative massage in standard conditions and in conditions with additional impact by relaxing 3D VR video through stereoscopic glasses. According to the hypothesis of the study, the application of the visualization through stereoscopic glasses during the massage therapy will increase the effect of the massage. Methods The contingent of the study was 25 Bulgarian students from the National Sports Academy. The age of the participants was 22-28 years old. The study had three conditions. The first condition included initial registration of the heart rate (HR) of every participant at rest, performance of the massage procedure in standard conditions and final HR fixation. The second condition contained initial HR measurement, combined massage with additional impact of relaxing 3D VR video through stereoscopic glasses and final HR measurement. In the third condition, a musculoskeletal state assessment of the participants was made. On this basis, the contingent for the investigation of the influence of relaxing 3D VR video on the pain symptoms was defined. The measure procedures included HR measurement, skin fold lift test and visual analog scale for assessment of the skin resistance in the affected area and pain sensation survey. Results All of the results were with an extremely statistical significance. The heart rate variation before the massage (74.4bpm), after the massage procedure in normal conditions (65.7bpm), and after the massage with additional 3D VR visualization (57.6bpm) was found. Five participants have been diagnosed with resistance and strong pain in the lumbar spine. After a restorative massage with the additional impact of the audio visualization through the virtual reality glasses, painful symptoms were not observed. Conclusions The analysis of the results proved the correctness of the hypothesis of the study. The investigation found that the applying relaxing 3D visualization through stereoscopic glasses during massage therapy leads to increase of the restorative effect and to the reduction of the pain symptoms.
... Ceci est en contradiction avec les résultats des études mentionnées précédemment (Adib-Hajbaghery et al., 2014;Chen et al., 2013;Givi, 2013;Kaye et al., 2008) ...
... al., 2013;Jane et al., 2009;Sharpe et al., 2007;Sherman et al., 2010). En outre, nous postulons également, au vu des données de la littérature, que le massage diminue la fréquence cardiaque(Adib-Hajbaghery et al., 2014;Chen et al., 2013;Givi, 2013;Kaye et al., 2008), la fréquence respiratoire(Adib-Hajbaghery et al., 2012) et augmente la saturation pulsée en dioxygène ...
... ). D'après les auteurs, l'activation parasympathique serait liée à l'application d'une pression sur des mécanorécepteurs du derme ayant des afférences vers le noyau du tractus solitaire, favorisant l'activation parasympathique.D'un point de vue cardiologique et en lien avec l'activation parasympathique,Kaye et al. (2008) ont montré qu'un massage du rachis par pressions glissées profondes de 50minutes environ permet une diminution de la fréquence cardiaque de 9bpm (en moyenne), de la pression artérielle systolique de 10mmHg (en moyenne) et de la pression artérielle diastolique de 5mmHg (en moyenne) de façon immédiate. L'étude a été menée sur 243 patients de 48,5ans en moyenne, sans pathologie particulière. ...
Introduction
La BPCO est une maladie respiratoire chronique touchant 7,5 % des habitants en France pour une population de plus de 40 ans [1]. L’activite physique se fait plus rare, du fait d’une dyspnee variable, mais etant le principal symptome [2]. De plus, les patients BPCO ont une prevalence importante de troubles anxieux, entre 10 et 55 % [3]. L’anxiete se traduit par des emotions de peur et/ou inquietudes et/ou signes physiques de stress excessifs par rapport aux dangers eventuels [4]. Elle reduit l’activite physique [3]. Toutefois, la rehabilitation respiratoire diminue cet etat anxieux [5]. L’anxiete provoque une augmentation de la frequence cardiaque de repos, de la tension arterielle [6] et de la dyspnee. Il en resulte une diminution de la qualite de vie [2]. Le massage est defini comme etant la manipulation des tissus mous [7]. Il presente des effets anxiolytiques pour une duree d’au moins 20 min [8]. Cette pratique n’est pas mentionnee dans le rapport de l’ATS ni de la HAS.
Materiel, population et methode
Materiel : VQ11 et HADS, oxymetre, EVA pour la dyspnee. Criteres d’inclusion : BPCO de plus de 40 ans, score > 11 a l’anxiete sur l’HADS. Criteres de non-inclusion : contre-indication medicale au massage, score < 11, troubles psychiatriques anterieurs au diagnostic de la BPCO. Criteres d’exclusion : detresse respiratoire pendant le massage, retractation du patient. Methode : remplissage des questionnaires, releve de la frequence cardiaque, de la frequence respiratoire, de la dyspnee et de la saturation avant et apres un massage de 20 min. Le massage est effectue par un seul et meme examinateur. Le patient choisit l’installation la plus confortable pour lui.
Resultats
Sur les 4 patients de la pre-etude, il y a une diminution moyenne de 5 points sur l’anxiete de la HADS (± point). Diminution moyenne de 5 points sur le VQ11 (± 3 points). Diminution moyenne de 3 points sur l’EVA pour la dyspnee. Diminution moyenne de 9 points pour la frequence respiratoire. Diminution moyenne de la frequence cardiaque de 10 points. Augmentation moyenne de la saturation arterielle en dioxyegne de 5 points (Figure 1).
Conclusion ou discussion
Le massage semble favoriser la diminution de l’anxiete, de la frequence respiratoire, de la frequence cardiaque et de la dyspnee. Il semble augmenter la qualite de vie a un temps instantane ainsi que la saturation arterielle en dioxygene. Une etude de type controlee randomisee sur le long terme est necessaire pour evaluer de facon significative les atouts de la massotherapie.
... This study investigated the effect of MT on the local and systemic circulatory responses in participants with and without muscle stiffness. In addition to the local blood flow measured by DCS, the heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic nervous tone, and arterial blood pressure were simultaneously monitored as indices of systemic circulatory response (Diego et al., 2004;Kaye et al., 2008;Diego and Field, 2009). Our hypotheses were twofold: First, MT could increase local blood flow in the targeted muscle compared to the same time of rest. ...
... Local 5-min MT had little effect on systemic circulatory functions, such as blood pressure, HR, and cardiac autonomic activity. However, the effect of MT on systemic circulatory function may vary depending on the clinical status of the patient (Nelson, 2015), the form of therapy (Cambron et al., 2006;Diego and Field, 2009), and MT duration (Kaye et al., 2008). Further research on the combined systemic and local circulatory responses is required, especially regarding the clinical application of MT. ...
Manipulative therapy (MT) is applied to motor organs through a therapist’s hands. Although MT has been utilized in various medical treatments based on its potential role for increasing the blood flow to the local muscle, a quantitative validation of local muscle blood flow in MT remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate bedside evaluation techniques. Therefore, we investigated changes in the local blood flow to the muscle undergoing MT by employing diffuse correlation spectroscopy, a portable and emerging optical measurement technology that non-invasively measures blood flow in deep tissues. This study investigated the changes in blood flow, heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous activity in the trapezius muscle through MT application in 30 volunteers without neck and shoulder injury. Five minutes of MT significantly increased the median local blood flow relative to that of the pre-MT period (p < 0.05). The post-MT local blood flow increase was significantly higher in the MT condition than in the control condition, where participants remained still without receiving MT for the same time (p < 0.05). However, MT did not affect the heart rate, blood pressure, or cardiac autonomic nervous activity. The post-MT increase in muscle blood flow was significantly higher in the participants with muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulder regions than in those without (p < 0.05). These results suggest that MT could increase the local blood flow to the target skeletal muscle, with minimal effects on systemic circulatory function.
... A n automatic massage lasting at least 10 min produces health improving effects in patients [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Even after a single automatic massage, patients admit a feeling of invigoration and energy, vitality, reduced fatigue, and a body-wide sense of relaxation. ...
... According to the traditional views, the healing and invigorating effects of the massage are attributed mainly to the improved blood and lymph circulation [4,5]. Manual massage produces physiological changes in a body [6]. The recent studies demonstrated that it produces reduction of systolic (10 mmHg), diastolic (5.8 mmHg) pressures, and in the heart rate (by 10.8 beats per min), respectively. ...
Background:
An automatic massage produces health improving effects. After a single automatic massage, patients admit a feeling of invigoration, and a sense of relaxation. Some quantitative characteristics of physical effects produced by the automatic massage on the body, including the work of a heart were unavailable at that moment.
Objective:
This study aims to find a quantitative impact of periodic low frequency mechanical vibrations on the relative change in a heart stroke volume.
Material and methods:
In this experimental study, the patients were exposed to the low frequency (12 Hz) planar mechanical vibrations. The blood pressures were measured before and after the automatic massage. Based on the measured values in the arterial blood pressure, a relative change in a stroke volume (SV) in patients was calculated.
Results:
The increased systolic blood pressure was 6.3±2.0 mm Hg in women and 11.1±2.7 mm Hg in men. The increased diastolic pressure was 1.9±1.2 mm Hg in women, and 4.9±1.5 mm Hg in men. The minor increase in heart rate for women was 1.2±1.0 beats per minute, and 1.2±2.0 beats per minute for men. The assessment of stroke volume changes provided 9.6% and 7.1% increase during systole and diastole in male patients, respectively, and corresponding 6.7% and 4.7% increases for female patients.
Conclusion:
The results of our work confirmed an increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures under the influence of periodic mechanical vibration of low frequency. We believe that the registered increase in blood pressure is a proof of the increase in a stroke volume (SV).
... Masaż klasyczny jest elementem fizjoterapii, który prowadzi do polepszenia ruchomości więzadeł, ścięgien, mięśni oraz ogranicza wystąpienie zrostów międzytkankowych [18]. Przyspiesza regenerację tkanek, zmniejsza odczuwanie bólu [19,20]. ...
... Masaż głęboki jest intensywną pracą wykonaną na powięzi i mięśniach. Zmniejsza uczucie sztywności u chorych z ZZSK oraz doprowadza do obniżenia ciśnienia krwi [19,20]. ...
Introdaction
AS is a chronic inflamatory disease that affects the axial skeleton. It is characterised by inflammatory back pain, bony fusion of the spine, decreased mobility, functional impairment and decreased quality of life.
Techniques of DTM lead to relaxation of muscles and tissues and could be use in therapy AS patents.
Objective
The goal of the present study was to estimate an influence of DTM on pain and function patient with AS.
Patient and Methods
The patient, a 42-year-old man with AS. The diagnosis was made 7 years ago. The clinical outcome was evaluated by BASDAI and BASFI index and functional tests: Schober, Otta, chest expansion, fingers to floor distance and wall-occiput test.
DTM was made 20 sessions in two stages:
1. DTM on superficial back line – 10 sessions
after 30 days break
2. DTM from sacrum to occipital ridge – 10 sessions.
All functional tests and indexes were estimated six times before therapy, after 5 and 10 day of DTM in both treatments.
Results
BASDAI, BASFI and the results of functional tests improved in both cases of therapy. It should be noted that treatment number 2 resulted in better mobility of the spine.
These data are encouraging and positive, representing optimism and a hopeful outlook for future research in this area.
... 7-10 Kaye et al. (2008) demonstrated a that a single massage session decreased arterial blood pressure and heart rate. 12 However, massage techniques habe been poorly explored as a complementary therapy for people with hypertension and prehypertension. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of a 60-minute single session of Swedish massage on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in sedentary older women with prehypertension. ...
... Primary hypertension shows no clear cause, but the theory that it may be a response to chronic stress is accepted. Massage promotes relaxation [8][9][10][11][12] and our findings show that Swedish massage can be a therapeutic option for people with prehypertension. Cambron et al. (2006) studied different types of massage and its effects on blood pressure. ...
Background: One of the consequences of population aging is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, including hypertension. Massage has been recognized as effective in the prevention and mitigation of the disease. Objective: To identify the effects of a single-session massage on blood pressure and heart rate in older women with prehypertension. Methods: The intervention consisted of one 60-minute session of Swedish massage. Fifty-eigth sedentary older women with prehypertension were treated. Blood pressure and heart rate were collected immediately before and after the intervention.
... Salah satu penelitian terdahulu yang telah melakukan penelitian mengenai treatment deep tissue massage yaitu dalam (Kaye, 2018), yang menyatakan bahwa tekanan darah seseorang akan turun setelah mendapatkan perlakuan deep tissue massage dengan durasi waktu 40 sampai 60 menit. Dalam penelitian (Ömer Bingölbali, 2023) tentang deep tissue massage, memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pemberian deep tissue massage efektif secara sifnifikan pada peningkatan ROM (range of motion) leher dan meredakan rasa nyeri pada otot. ...
Abstrak. Ketegangan otot merupakan bagian dari gejala Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), dan biasanyan dikeluhkan oleh atlet setelah 12-24 jam melakukan latihan dengan intensitas tinggi. Ketegangan otot dapat diatasi dengan berbagai macam metode salah satunya adalah menggunakan metode sport massage dan deep tissue massage. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi sport massage dan deep tissue massage terhadap penurunan tingkat ketegangan otot ekstrimitas bawah pada atlet KOP Karate UNJ. Populasi yang digunakan adalah atlet KOP UNJ dan penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sebanyak 15 sampel yang digunakan dan telah memenuhi kriteria sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pre-experimental design dengan model one-group pretest-postest design. Pengumpulan data tingkat ketegangan otot menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dan dilakukan sebelum dilakukan perlakuan (pretest) maupun sesudah perlakuan (posttest). Paired Samples t Test digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan perubahan tingkat ketegangan otot ekstremitas bawah 24 jam setelah latihan, dan setelah perlakuan kombinasi sport massage dan deep tissue massage. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji paired samples t-test, diketahui bahwa nilai P value < 0,05. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi sport massage dan deep tissue massage menurunan ketegangan otot ekstremitas bawah yang muncul dari pengaruh latihan. Abstract. Muscle tension is part of the symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), and athletes usually complain about it after 12-24 hours of high-intensity exercise. Muscle tension can be treated using various methods, one of which is using sports massage and deep tissue massage. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of sports massage and deep tissue massage on reducing the level of lower extremity muscle tension in KOP Karate UNJ athletes. The population used was KOP UNJ athletes and the sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 15 samples were used and met the criteria as samples in this research. This research method uses pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design model. Data collection on muscle tension levels used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and was carried out before treatment (pretest) and after treatment (posttest). Paired Samples t Test was used to test differences in changes in the level of lower extremity muscle tension 24 hours after exercise, and after a combination of sports massage and deep tissue massage. The results of this research show that, based on the results of hypothesis testing using the paired samples t-test, it is known that the P value is <0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of sports massage and deep tissue massage reduces lower extremity muscle tension that arises from the influence of exercise.
... We aimed to determine how a particular massage technique, myofascial induction massage therapy, known for its anxiolytic properties [22][23][24] may alter the activation of the DMN and, as a result, may have an influence on the visual processing of complex photographic images with emotional contents. Myofascial induction massage therapy (MIMT) usually involves a trained massage therapist depressing the muscle and surrounding connective tissue to induce a release of muscle tension. ...
The use of touch for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is increasingly investigated, as it is shown that cognitive symptoms can be improved by various forms of massage. To investigate if the effect of massage is measurable using classical visual event-related potential components (P1, P2, late positive potential (LPP)), we performed a preliminary study on six participants using myofascial induction massage. Participants were shown emotionally valenced or neutral images before and after a 20 min myofascial massage. We found general increases in P2 amplitude following the intervention across all conditions (both neutral and affective), indicating increased attention or salience to visual stimuli. The magnitude of change was visibly larger for unpleasant stimuli, suggesting that visual perception and attention were modulated specifically in response to unpleasant visual images. The LPP showed reductions in amplitude after myofascial massage, suggesting increased emotional modulation following intervention, as a result of possible DMN alterations, consistent with region and function. We conclude that brief myofascial intervention supports other research in the field, finding that physical touch and massage techniques can alter cognition and perception. We posit further research to investigate its future use as an intervention for both physical and cognitive modulation. Importantly, we provide preliminary evidence that the neural processes that resonate with this type of massage involve complex feedforward and backward cortical pathways, of which a significant portion participate in modulating the visual perception of external stimuli.
... These therapies include acupressure, chiropractic manipulation, massage, osteopathic manipulation, reflexology, Tui na, Trager bodywork, and Rolfing. [11] One study illustrated that deep tissue massage may decrease the mean BP by 7 mm Hg, and the mean heart rate by 10.8 beats per minute [38] but the review of the literature did not support the sustained reduction in BP. [39] Similarly there is a lack of enough evidence that spinal manipulation can significantly reduce the BP. [40] These therapies have a potential to be used in integrated wellness and may help in the relaxation and prevention of cardio-metabolic disorders. ...
The cardio-metabolic disorders are now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all around the world. Though genetics play a role, most of these diseases have a causal relationship with smoking, environmental pollution, unhealthy food habits, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol abuse. Poor mental state, depression, and stress have also been found to aggravate the risk to develop these diseases. These diseases are thus clubbed under diseases related to unhealthy lifestyle. The pathogenesis of these diseases is atherosclerosis or hardening of the blood vessels that occur due to constant inflammatory stress aggravated by the above-said risk factors. Since last decade, every third death is caused by a cardiovascular disease. Apart from high mortality, these are chronic disorders with no permanent cure requiring life-long medication and lifestyle changes. The patients suffering from these diseases not only undergo a decrease in their physical endurance and functional capacity but also suffer from depression, self-pity, and financial burden leading to an unhealthy lifestyle and a vicious cycle. This causes a huge burden on the health care system in the country and hence requires a wholesome approach to the prevention and management of these diseases. The integrated wellness encompasses the best of conventional medicine and evidence-based complementary medicine and lifestyle measures to provide the patient a wholesome management plan. This aims to a better patient-doctor relationship, better compliance, trust, and better lifestyle choices. The center of the integrated wellness remains the patient rather than the disease.
... This resulted in a decrease of blood pressure, heart rate and cortisol level, as a result of which among many others a pain reduction and relaxation [23][24][25][26][27][28]. A similar effect in the case of DTM was found by Kaye et al., who assessed an effect of DTM of 45-60 min duration on blood pressure in a group of 263 volunteers [29]. They found a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with values at the border of statistical significance (p < 0.06 and < 0.04 respectively) and a highly statistically significant reduction in the heart rate (p < 0.0003). ...
Background:
Deep tissue massage (DTM), based on deep palpation and elimination of fascia restrictions, can reduce symptoms resulting from fascial disorders. The goal of this study was the analysis of the DTM effect on respiratory parameters in healthy people.
Material and methods:
The study involved a group of 40 people divided into two subgroups. The experimental group underwent a single DTM session. Classic massage was performed in the control group. Before and after treatment the chest circumference and oxygen saturation were measured and a spirometry test was performed.
Results:
The chest expandability significantly increased in both groups with greater effect in DTM group. Vital capacity and saturation, significantly increased in the experimental group. No significant changes in dynamic parameters were noticed in the control group, while FVC slightly decreased in the experimental group.
Conclusions:
In this study, deep tissue massage appeared to improve chest expendability and vital capacity with simultaneous decrease of FVC in healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to specify the effect of DTM on the respiratory system.
... These outcomes are most likely due to an increased relaxation response and a whole reduction in the defense-arousal response, and are perhaps arbitrated for parasympathetic activity. (21,22) The current study has provided new insights into a therapeutic massage on different systematic responses apart f rom pain relief and muscular spasms. It could be more effective along with allopathic medicine to improve the cardio autonomic response of the patient. ...
Background:
Calf massage is a therapeutic intervention that improves circulation and relieves us from pain & tightness. The calf massage also improves autonomic performance by modulating the vagal tone of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the current study was intended to determine therapeutic calf massage on cardio autonomic activity in healthy subjects.
Objective:
To assess the immediate effect of a single 20-min session of calf massage on cardiac autonomic modulation through heart rate variability (HRV) measurement.
Materials & methods:
In this study, 26 apparent healthy female participants aged between 18 and 25 years participated. Massage over the calf muscles on both legs for 20 min was performed, and resting cardiovascular parameters and HRV parameters were measured at baseline, immediately after the massage, and during the recovery periods (10 and 30 min after the massage). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed with post hoc analysis.
Results:
Immediately after the massage intervention, heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were decreased (p < .01), and the reduction was persisted at 10 min and 30 min of the recovery period (p < .01). In HRV parameters, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high-frequency normalized unit (HF n.u.) increased, and low frequency (LF n.u.) decreased after the massage, and at the 10 and 30 min of the recovery period.
Conclusion:
The present study reports suggest a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure after the massage therapy. A drop in sympathetic tone and raise in parasympathetic tone can also attribute to the therapeutic effect.
... As work on this topic is limited, this discussion is difficult to write, but the fact that it differs from the literature is strong in its aspect. The available limited researches are studies investigating the effectiveness of DTM on low back and neck pain, deep vein thrombosis, muscle flexibility, blood pressure, and heart rate (Kaye et al. 2008;Thomson et al. 2015;Romanowski and Spiritovic 2016;Raju and Byrne 2017). Therefore, these controlled studies were the mainstay for comparison and discussion of the current findings. ...
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of deep tissue massage (DTM) on the myofascial trigger point (MTrP) number, neck range of motion (ROM), pain, disability and quality of life in patients with Myofacial pain syndrome (MPS).
Methods
The study involved patients with MPS between the ages of 20-57. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 40) and the study group (n = 40). Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (TENS), hotpack and ultrasound were applied to 40 patients in the control group. The study group was also administered DTM for 12 sessions in addition to TENS, hotpack and ultrasound applications. Neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) for a neck disability, universal goniometer for neck ROM, MTrP count using manual palpation, Short Form 36 (SF-36) for quality of life and severity of neck pain were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). All patients were evaluated before and after treatment.
Results
It was found that the DTM group has statistically more improvement than the control group for VAS, NPDS and SF-36. Moreover, although there was a significant improvement in favour of the study group for extension, lateral flexion, right rotation and left rotation in the neck ROM, there was no significant difference in flexion measurements between the study and control group.
Conclusion
In addition to the traditional rehabilitation program, DTM is effective on neck ROM, pain, disability and quality of life. Therefore, DTM treatment is a safe and inexpensive treatment method that can be applied in patients with MPS.
... The AMTA recognized that by the increase of older population and increased knowledge of the adverse effects of stress and the advantages of massage. Furthermore, medical practitioners placed massage treatment first among CAM practices that are usually or always remain successful (74 percent) [4]. Although there is a growing awareness of massage's health benefits, they are not extensively researched. ...
Massage is a popular complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)treatment. In recent years, deep tissue massage(DTM) has grown in popularity. As a result, DTM with grounding should be examined as any other treatment method to determine its safety and efficacy. Massage can help to reduce inflammation, speed up recovery, and relieve muscle pain. We study beneficial mechanisms in this paper by combining the idea of grounding with a massage. Grounding massage has been shown to help stabilize the physiology of the body, inflammation, reduce pain, enhance sleep, as well as stress, increase stamina and blood flow, and improve health by reconnecting the body with the electrostatic forces of the Earth. By modulating inflammatory signaling pathways, this mechanism can reduce collateral sprouting, secondary injury, and nerve sensitization, leading to better damage recovery and pain avoidance. On the other hand, deep tissue massage has long been used as a key therapeutic therapy in Traditional Medicine because of its low side effects and therapeutic efficacy. This paper examines the possibility of deep tissue massage with earthing as a simple and widely available technique with significant clinical value.
... Massage also increases childbirth satisfaction by reducing blood pressure [38], increasing skin temperature and enhancing blood flow in the massaged area [39], reducing heart rate [40], and detecting motor problems (through Hoffmann's Reflex Test) [41]. Increased oxytocin and decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide, and beta-endorphin levels are among the other effects of massage [42]. ...
Objective
To examine the effects of massage on childbirth satisfaction in women with a healthy single fetus.
Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases in English and Persian (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of science, SID, Magiran) were systematically searched until April 28, 2022. The risk of bias for each study was assessed using Cochran's handbook and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
Results
A total of 2286 articles were found after searching the relevant databases; among them 1319, 931, and 36 articles were screened by reviewing their titles, abstracts, and full texts, respectively. Finally, 6 articles with a sample size of 615 participants were included in this systematic review. The results of a meta-analysis on dichotomous data (OR: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.86 to 13.17, two trials, 110 women) and another meta-analysis on continuous data (SMD: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.65, three trials, 260 women) showed that massage had a statistically significant effect on improving childbirth satisfaction.
Conclusion
The results of this meta-analysis indicated that massage significantly improved labor satisfaction in the intervention group compared to the control group. Researchers are suggested to carry out well-designed clinical trials, use reliable tools such as the Labor Agentry Scale and Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS) to assess the effect of massage on childbirth satisfaction, and report side effects of massage in the participants as a separate outcome in future studies.
... The recorded heart rate delay was expected because the application of the slow-dynamic gymnastic exercises activates the parasympathetic nervous system. Similar results were obtained after the application of massage therapy which are described in some of the studies cited in the literature review (Braun et al., 2012;Kaye et al., 2008;Chompoopan, Eungpinichpong, 2016;Pinar, Afsar, 2015;Pystupa, 2013;Supa'at et al., 2013;Muller et al., 2016;Paschoala, 2016). It can be summarized that the issue of reliability of the heart rate as an indicator for assessment of the psychosomatic states can be discussed as it depends on many external factors. ...
Introduction: The relaxation is a psychophysiological state of a person and in particular of athletes. On the basis of the literature sources, two main types of relaxation can be defined – physical and mental. Physical relaxation can be employed to reduce muscular tension and to improve coordination during the performance. It can be suggested that this psychophysiological state creates appropriate conditions for the development of flexibility, speed and all psychomotor qualities. That’s why an alternative new means with relaxing effect in this study will be investigated. Aim: The aim of the study is to prove that the slow-dynamic gymnastic exercises practice leads to reduction of muscular tension. According to the hypothesis of the research, the application of the mentioned exercises will increase the performers’ sense of relaxation. The object of the study is a specialized set of gymnastic exercises which includes dynamic gymnastic exercises performed with slow movements and holding of static poses. Methods: The assessment of the relaxation degree was made through physiological and psychological parameters. The collected physiological data included heart rate, breathing frequency, blood pressure, and finger skin temperature measurement. The psychological data were assessed with Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory and four-point Likert type scale for self-rated relaxation. The measurements were made before and after the execution of the exercises. Results: Statistically significant changes were found for all variables studied, except systolic blood pressure. The comparison of the collected data from the two measurements showed the greatest differences in three indicators after the application of slow-dynamic gymnastic exercises – a decrease in the Spielberger Inventory results (-7.3 points, p
... 115 increase oxygen consumption and blood flow, likely due to an increase venous return. Massage may also increase cardiac output and decrease heart rate (7,20,27). Recently, the effects of SMR on blood flow have been examined. Hotfiel et al. (18) found arterial perfusion increased at the lateral thigh and remained so after 30 minutes following a bout of SMR. ...
This study examined changes in the physiological parameters of running performance when self-myofascial release (SMR) was used prior to a submaximal run. A total of 16 male recreational runners, between the ages of 27 and 50 years old volunteered for the study. Participants had to complete a running event measuring a 10K or longer in the past 12 months and obtained a V̇O2peak value of 45 mL·kg-l · min-1 to be included in the study. Participants took part in two 40 min treadmill runs at 75% of their V̇O2peak, one session with the use of SMR and the other with 20 min of seated rest prior to the run. Measurements of heart rate, blood lactate concentrations, ventilatory efficiency (V̇E/ V̇O2), RPE, and running velocity were assessed. There was no statistically significant interaction or treatment effect for these variables when SMR was used prior to a 40 min treadmill run (p > .05; heart rate: d = .01, V̇E/ V̇O2: d = .07, RPE: d = .07). Although no positive effects on running performance were found, the lack of negative effects suggests the use of SMR prior to running does not hinder performance.
... Recent research about injury prevention in athletes suggests that increased flexibility in the hamstring muscle group is one of the modifiable risk factors for the most common musculoskeletal injuries in the lower limbs [23][24][25]. Literature suggests that DTM, and a related reduction of restriction or fibrous adhesion between layers of myofascial tissue, can contribute to muscle strain and other pathological processes such as TrPs [26,27]. These facts are clinically important to physiotherapists who specialize in sports medicine and musculoskeletal conditions, especially when evidence-based treatment strategies are required. ...
... the main finding of the study was that there was a significant benefit of pre-event massage administered by a sport physiotherapist at a period less or more than 24 hours prior to the World cup matches played, in terms of reduction in anxiety levels and cardiovascular variables. the obtained reductions in BP were in line with those in the previous studies [18,19]. the only contrary finding in our study was the change observed in Hr, which showed no significant difference between the pre-and post-event values. ...
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of pre-event massage on anxiety among Nigeria national
team football players during the World Cup matches. As secondary outcomes, the effects of massage on blood pressure (BP)
and heart rate (HR) were analysed.
Methods. Overall, 17 World Cup players had massage both less and more than 24 hours prior to matches. Holey and Cook
massage protocol was used. The Mental Readiness Form version 3 (MRF-3) was applied to assess anxiety level while an elec�tronic BP monitoring kit served to monitor BP and HR before and after massage. Inferential statistic of paired t-test was
carried out for the effect of massage on BP and HR.
Results. The result of the study showed a significant difference in anxiety after massage with p < 0.05 at periods less and
more than 24 hours before the matches. There was also a significant difference between the pre- and post-massage BP and
HR at a period less and more than 24 hours before the matches (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Pre-event massage before World Cup matches reduced anxiety among Nigeria national team football players.
Key words: massage, anxiety, footballers, competition, blood pressure, heart rate
... The women receiving massage therapy experienced significant decreases in systolic and diastolic BP during the massage and 72 hours after the massage. Kaye et al. (2008) conducted a study with 263 healthy volunteers and found significant reductions among systolic and diastolic BP and HR following a 45-to 60-minute deep-tissue massage session. ...
Background:
High stress levels over time can contribute to compassion fatigue and burnout and negatively affect individual health and well-being.
Objectives:
A pre-/post-test initiative was implemented to determine the effects of massage chair sessions on ambulatory cancer center nurses (RNs and advanced practice providers) based on their perceived stress, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR).
Methods:
A mechanical massage chair was available for 20-minute sessions in a secure room, and nurses self-recorded perceived stress using a visual analog scale, as well as BP and HR using a wrist cuff device. Descriptive statistics and paired t tests were used to assess nurse characteristics and differences before and after massage chair sessions.
Findings:
Nurses participated in 200 massage chair sessions during a six-month period. Significant reductions were noted in perceived stress, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR. These data indicate that providing a relaxing room with chair massage has favorable effects on nurses' perceived stress, BP, and HR.
... Hitherto, several studies were conducted investigating the physiological effects of various massage techniques [5][6][7][8][9]. Most of them showed that massage therapy benefited to regulate vital signs, yet one demonstrated that type of massage was associated with change in blood pressure (BP). ...
Background:
Connective tissue manipulation (CTM) has therapeutic effects on diseases with autonomic imbalance, yet its mechanisms of action are not clearly identified.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate acute autonomic responses to CTM in healthy young women with various physical activity levels.
Method:
The study was designed as a nonrandomized, controlled single-center study. Healthy women aged between 18 and 25 years were assigned to a connective tissue manipulation group (CTMG) (n = 150) or a control group (CG) (n = 60). CTM was applied to the CTMG while the CG did not receive any intervention. Respiratory rate (RR), heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressures (SP/DP), oxygen saturation (OS) and body temperature were measured. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form was used to determine physical activity levels. -Results: Analysis revealed significant reduction in SP and DP and an increment in RR in the CTMG (p < 0.05). RR increased and SP decreased among inactive, SP decreased among moderately active, and SP and OS decreased among highly active participants in the CTMG (p < 0.05). There were no significant alterations in the CG (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
CTM has an immediate reducing effect on sympathetic activity in healthy young women independently from the physical activity level. Future studies are needed to clarify long-term effects of CTM on autonomic functions in healthy individuals.
... [2,3] Most of the people would realize high blood pressure (BP) when they experience heart attack or stroke and/or when they undergo a physical examination. [4] Today, in developed countries, one in every three adults has hypertension, [5,6] and the prevalence of hypertension in studies of other countries was higher in men, but in the studied researches in Iran, it was higher in women. [7] Prevalence of hypertension in Isfahan also has a high percentage and is unexpected. ...
BACKGROUND
Prehypertension is one of the cardiovascular disease predicators. Management of prehypertension is an appropriate objective for clinicians in a wide range of medical centers. Massage therapy is primarily nonpharmacological treatment that is used to control blood pressure (BP). This study intends to investigate the long-term effect of massage therapy on BP in prehypertensive women.
METHODS
This was a single-blind clinical trial study conducted on 50 prehypertensive women who referred to Sedigheh Tahereh Cardiovascular Center, during 6 months in 2009. Participants were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into control and intervention groups. The test group (25 patients) received massage for 10–15 min, three times a week for 10 sessions, and the control group (25 patients) was relaxed in the same environment but with no massage. Their BP was measured before and after each session and 72 h and 2 weeks after finishing the massage therapy. Analyzing the data was done using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, paired t-test, and Student's t-test) through SPSS software version 18 and a significant level was considered as P < 0.05.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in the massage group were significantly lower in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). Evaluation of durability of the massage effects on BP also indicated that 72 h after finishing the study, still there was a significant difference between the test and control groups in SBP and DBP (P < 0.001), but after 2 weeks, there was not a significant difference in SBP and DBP (P > 0.05) between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Although massage therapy seems to be a safe, effective, applicable, and cost-effective intervention to control BP of prehypertensive women, its effects do not persist for a long time.
... Immediately following treatment, postural stability was found to degenerate compared with baseline measures. This effect has been attributed to acute hypotension [6], the onset of relaxation [7] and other factors. After a short period, postural stability then increases, with this reversal accredited to changes in neural activity [8] or factors associated with improved wellness [9]. ...
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of normalized muscle tension via tensegrity-based massage on postural stability in a sample of female young adults.
Methods:
Nineteen females aged 21.8 ± 1.9 years were recruited presenting abnormal tension at muscles adhering to any of the following structural sites: superior iliac spine, lateral sacropelvic surface, linea aspera at 1/2 of femur length, and superior nuchal line of the occiput. Balance and postural control were assessed during bipedal stance using a force platform in multiple conditions: hard surface or soft foam surface with the head in either a neutral posture or tilted backward. Baseline and 3-min and 15-min post-treatment measures were collected while barefoot and eyes closed. Main outcomes measures included center of pressure variability, range, radius, and velocity in the anteroposterior (AP) mediolateral (ML) dimensions.
Results:
In the solid surface with neutral head posture condition only AP COP measures decreased significantly (p< 0.05). In the soft surface condition, significant differences were observed in the AP and ML dimensions among most measures (p< 0.05).
Conclusions:
A single application of tensegrity-based massage positively influenced postural control in young adult females, particularly in the AP direction.
... Otherwise, tactile stimulation through massage has been shown to decrease heart rate and arousal, e.g. [48]. Thus, tactile pleasure might elicit both, smiling and laughter, depending on the eliciting stimulus. ...
This study investigated the elicitation of smiling and laughter and the role of facial display regulation markers (e.g., down-regulating of a smile or laugh) in positive emotions. In a structured group conversation setting, the frequency and intensity of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles and laughs when telling memories of 16 positive emotions proposed by Ekman [1] were assessed. Facial responses were coded with the Facial Action Coding System (FACS [2]) and laughter vocalizations were assessed. The results show that smiles and laughs occurred in all 16 positive emotions. Laughter occurred most often in amusement and schadenfreude (laughter occurred in 72% and 71% of the recalled emotion memories respectively). Also, the intensity of the smiles and laughs was higher in amusement and schadenfreude than in the other 14 positive emotions. Furthermore, down-regulated displays (i.e., including facial markers counteracting the upward action of the zygomatic major muscle) resembled Duchenne Displays in their intensity. To summarize, more insight is gained into the facial expression of positive emotions, also highlighting the role of laughter. Also, the importance of assessing regulation markers in joy displays when people are in social settings is stressed.
... DTM decreases low back pain and improves functional capacity of pregnant women [29]. Studies show correlation between DTM and reduction in blood pressure and heart rate [30]. ...
Objectives. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of deep tissue massage (DTM) and therapeutic massage (TM) in the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Materials and Methods. This was a small, randomized clinical pilot study. Subjects were 27 men with diagnosed AS, randomly assigned to DTM group or TM group. Subjects in each group had 10 sessions of massage. Outcomes included the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Modified Schober Test, Finger to Floor Test, chest expansion, and pain intensity of lower back. Results. There are no statistical significant differences between groups, except for BASDAI and pain intensity of lower back. Conclusions. This study suggests that massage may have clinical benefits for treating ankylosing spondylitis patients. Additional scientific research in this area is warranted.
... Even without this comparison, the control group (quiet sitting) showed a tendency towards a reduction in blood pressure (p ¼ 0.06, p ¼ 0.14 for systolic and diastolic, respectively). Kaye et al. (2008) did not define DTM, but highlighted a clear relationship with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). In this beforeand-after study, the authors found a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean 10.4 and 5.3 mmHg, respectively) as well as a10.8 b/m decrease in heart rate. ...
Background:
Massage is a common treatment in complementary and integrative medicine. Deep tissue massage, a form of therapeutic massage, has become more and more popular in recent years. Hence, the use of massage generally and deep tissue massage specifically, should be evaluated as any other modality of therapy to establish its efficacy and safety.
Aim:
To determine the definitions used for deep tissue massage in the scientific literature and to review the current scientific evidence for its efficacy and safety.
Methods:
Narrative review.
Results:
There is no commonly accepted definition of deep tissue massage in the literature. The definition most frequently used is the intention of the therapist. We suggest separating the definitions of deep massage and deep tissue massage as follows: deep massage should be used to describe the intention of the therapist to treat deep tissue by using any form of massage and deep tissue massage should be used to describe a specific and independent method of massage therapy, utilizing the specific set of principles and techniques as defined by Riggs: "The understanding of the layers of the body, and the ability to work with tissue in these layers to relax, lengthen, and release holding patterns in the most effective and energy efficient way possible within the client's parameters of comfort". Heterogeneity of techniques and protocols used in published studies have made it difficult to draw any clear conclusions. Favorable outcomes may result from deep tissue massage in pain populations and patients with decreased range of motion. In addition, several rare serious adverse events were found related to deep tissue massage, probably as a result of the forceful application of massage therapy.
Conclusions:
Future research of deep tissue massage should be based on a common definition, classification system and the use of common comparators as controls.
... According to studies focusing on time domain analysis of HRV, massage therapy showed decreased stress response indicated as significantly decreased mean HR [3,39,40]. In the case of frequency domain analysis, massage therapy demonstrated an increase in HF leading to a decrease in LF/HF ratio [6]. ...
Various types of massages are reported to relieve stress, pain, and anxiety which are beneficial for rehabilitation; however, more comprehensive studies are needed to understand the mechanism of massage therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of massage therapy, alone or in combination with infrared heating, on 3 different aspects: physical, physiological, and psychological. Twenty-eight healthy university students were subjected to 3 different treatment conditions on separate days, one condition per day: control, massage only, or massage with infrared heating. Physical (trunk extension [TE]; maximum power of erector spinae), physiological (heart-rate variability [HRV]; electroencephalogram [EEG]), and psychological (state-trait anxiety inventory [STAI]; visual analogue scale [VAS]) measurements were evaluated and recorded before and after each treatment condition. The results showed that massage therapy, especially when combined with infrared heating, significantly improved physical functioning, increased parasympathetic response, and decreased psychological stress and anxiety. In the current study, we observed that massage therapy contributes to various physical, physiological, and psychological changes, where the effect increases with thermotherapy.
... However, the heart rate showed a tendency to drop slightly. In a previous study involving carotid sinus massage in aged subjects, blood pressure and heart rate were shown to decrease 24) and a significant decrease in heart rate was confirmed after 45-60 minutes of muscle massage in middle aged men and female performed at different intensities 25) . In a study using massage (at moderate and mild intensity) and a vibrator, massage treatment at moderate intensity was shown to significantly reduce the heart rate 26) . ...
[Purpose] A scalp massage was conducted on female office workers divided into a 15 minute group and 25 minute group and its effect on stress hormone, blood pressure and heart rate was analyzed in order to provide a theoretical rationale to apply scalp massage as stress therapy. [Subjects and Methods] A scalp massage was applied to 34 female office workers twice a week for a total of 10 weeks; the subjects were classified into 15 min., 25 min. and control groups, and their stress hormone levels, blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. [Results] Significant differences in norepinephrine, cortisol and blood pressure (SBP & DBP) were found in terms of interaction by time interval and between groups. [Conclusion] As a result of applying scalp massage to female office workers for 15 and 25 minutes, positive effects were observed on stress hormone, blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, scalp massage can be used for stress control with no spatial or time limit.
... Kaye et al. (22)showed that there was a significant reduction of mean HR of 10.8bpm, however, both the method of measuring the HR and the massage technique were different from the present study, thereby limiting comparison of the behavior of this variable between the two studies. ...
Introduction:
Massage can be defined as the rhythmic and smooth manipulation of body tissues, with the aim to promote health and well-being.
Objective:
To assess the influence of classic massage on cardiac autonomic modulation.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study that evaluated healthy participants, with mean age between 18 and 25 years, divided into two groups: test group (TG, n=11) and control group (CG, n=10). The TG had their heartbeat recorded for 5min before receiving a classic massage for 40min and during three periods after this procedure: 0-5min, 5-10min and 10-15min. The CG had their heartbeats recorded at the same time; without receive massage. Cardiac autonomic modulation was investigated by heart rate variability (HRV).
Results:
The mean values of HRV rates were: pNN50, respectively, for the TG: before massage (10.5 ± 9.5%), and after massage: 0-5min (11.6 ± 7.2%), 5-10min (12.1 ± 8.0%) and 10-15min (11.1 ± 7.9%), with no significant statistical difference. The same result was found for the mean values of rMSSD index of the TG; before massage: 52.1 ± 46.2 ms, and after massage: 0-5min (50.0 ± 21.6ms), 5-10min (52.0 ± 27.4 ms) and 10-15min (48.2 ± 21.1 ms). Also, the values of LFnuand HFnu indexes did not change significantly before and after massage, and they were not statistically different from the values presented by the control group. Conclusion: The study results suggest that one session of classic massage does not modify cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy young adults.
... Masaż głęboki nie wiąże się z bólem i dyskomfortem tak jak mogłaby to sugerować nazwa metody. Może być także bardzo delikatny, relaksujący o działaniu wyciszającym w wyniku przyjemnych odczuć związanych z pracą terapeuty, ponieważ nie wymaga stosowania większej siły niż w masażu klasycznym (Kaye, 2008). Doświadczenie i umiejętność pracy tą metodą gwarantują skuteczność i pozytywne odczucia płynące ze stosowania metody masażu głębokiego. ...
Żuk Maciej, Dębiec-Bąk Agnieszka, Pawik Łukasz, Skrzek Anna. Wpływ masażu głębokiego na mięsień czworogłowy piłkarzy nożnych, w badaniach izokinetycznych i termowizyjnych = Influence of massage deep in quadriceps soccer players, in isokinetic testing and thermography. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):236-251. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57448
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3689
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/735974
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).
755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Author (s) 2016;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 15.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 09.07.2016.
Artykuł oryginalny
WPŁYW MASAŻU GŁĘBOKIEGO NA MIĘSIEŃ CZWOROGŁOWY PIŁKARZY NOŻNYCH, W BADANIACH IZOKINETYCZNYCH I TERMOWIZYJNYCH
INFLUENCE OF MASSAGE DEEP IN QUADRICEPS SOCCER PLAYERS, IN ISOKINETIC TESTING AND THERMOGRAPHY
Żuk Maciej, Dębiec-Bąk Agnieszka, Pawik Łukasz, Skrzek Anna
Wydział Fizjoterapii, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw
Wydział Fizjoterapii AWF Wrocław
Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35
51-612 Wrocław
tel. +48 71 34 73 046
e-mail: agnieszka.debiec-bak@awf.wroc.pl
STRESZCZENIE
Celem pracy była ocena zmian parametrów prędkościowo-siłowych mięśnia czworogłowego uda oraz ocena zmian rozkładu temperatury powierzchniowej kończyn dolnych w wyniku zastosowania elementów masażu głębokiego. W badaniach wzięło udział 21 piłkarzy nożnych, w wieku od 16 do 17 roku życia (średnia 16,8 lat). Przed zastosowaniem elementów masażu głębokiego każdy z zawodników został poddany badaniu termowizyjnemu i izokinetycznemu. Po przeprowadzeniu pierwszej części badań u każdego piłkarza mięsień czworogłowy uda został poddany 10 minutowemu głębokiemu rozcieraniu. Po wykonanej pracy kończyny dolne zostały poddane analizie termowizyjnej przy pomocy specjalnej kamery. Następnie badani ponownie wzięli udział w badaniu na stanowisku do badań izokinetycznych Biodex System 4, przy prędkości 60 o/s i 180 o/s.
Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że zastosowanie elementów masażu głębokiego ma pozytywy wpływ na narząd ruchu piłkarzy nożnych. Zastosowanie masażu wpływa na istotny wzrost temperatury powierzchniowej kończyn dolnych zarówno w rejonie przednim jak i tylnym. W badaniach izokinetycznych wykazano istotny wzrost parametrów prędkościowo – siłowych przy prędkości 180 o/s. Przy prędkości 60 o/s istotnego wzrostu nie zaobserwowano. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają zdrowotny wpływ masażu głębokiego.
ABSTRACTThe aim of the thesis was to assess the changes in force – velocity parameters generated by quadriceps femoris and to assess the changes in lower limb’s surface temperature as a result of deep tissue massage application. The study involved 21 soccer players in age of 16 to 17 years (mean 16,8 years). Before using deep tissue massage elements, each of players has been tested in thermography and isokinetic research. After the first part of this study each player’s quadriceps femoris was subjected to 10- minutes deep grinding. After application of deep tissue massage elements lower limbs were analyzed once again using a special thermal imaging camera. Then, again the subjects took part in the isokinetic test on Biodex System 4 with 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s speed.On the grounds of the conducted studies it has been shown that deep tissue massage application has positive effects on footballer’s motor system. Massage application cause a significant increase of the lower limb’s surface temperature in area of the front as well as rear part. Isokinetic studies have been shown a significant increase in force – velocity parameters at a speed of 180 deg/s. At 60 deg/s significant increase was not observed. Results of this study confirm the health impact of deep tissue massage.
Słowa kluczowe: masaż, piłkarze nożni, termografia, badania izokinetyczne.
Key words: massage, soccer players, thermography, isokinetic research.
... This kind of massage can cause organism's pain response and, thus, increase neuron activity and increase BP. Application of both sport and dotted massaage resulted in increasing of BP [3,4,6]. ...
With the growing popularity and demand for different types of massages (including sports) is a growing need for research on specific forms. There is also a need to study the advantages and effects on various body functions. The objective was to study the effect of partial sports massage on blood pressure and heart rate in both men and women. Material and methods. Research has been extended 80 healthy men and women are physically active (age 20-25 years). Blood pressure and heart rate were made on the left arm automatic digital device (model HEM - 907). The device is intended to measure blood pressure. It is established that it is possible to verify the existing beliefs. This promotes more efficient use of massage therapy. Conclusions . Sports massage has an effect on hemodynamic changes, the increase (decrease) in blood pressure acceleration (deceleration) of the heart rate. It depends on what part of the body exposed to the massage procedure.
... Patients who were admitted in ICU due the nature of the ICU, as well as many voices as possible Disassemble the physiological rhythms such as sleep and exposed them to a variety of physical and mental stress, and disorder in the patient's hemodynamic and respiratory status occurs (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The important role of nurses in this ward is to moderating these stressful factors. ...
Introduction: Today, in many countries, the massage is used as a complementary therapy to reduce stress. In this study we evaluate the effect of reflexologic massage in comparison with stroke massage on physiological parameters of myocardial infarction patients. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed in 2012 on 105 patients who were randomly divided into three groups: reflexologic massage, stroke massage and control groups (each group with 35 patients). In the intervention groups each patient took massages for 15 minutes in morning and afternoon in one day. Vital signs and arterial O 2 saturation were measured before and after the massage by blood pressure cuff, thermometer, and pulse oxymeter. Paired T test and χ 2 test were used to analyze data Results: in stroke massage group, significant differentiation evaluated in oxygen saturation and with (p =0.002) in morning and afternoon in a day. No significant differences in blood oxygen saturation were seen in both reflexive massage group and control group. Conclusion: stroke massages is effective on blood oxygen saturation and it's so helpful for this patients.
... Patients who were admitted in ICU due the nature of the ICU, as well as many voices as possible Disassemble the physiological rhythms such as sleep and exposed them to a variety of physical and mental stress, and disorder in the patient's hemodynamic and respiratory status occurs (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The important role of nurses in this ward is to moderating these stressful factors. ...
Background: Today, the use of complementary medicine alongside other treatments for relaxation and balancing Hemodynamic of cardiac patients is emphasized. So this study was to compare the effects of reflexologic massage and strokes massage on anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This clinical trial was done on105 patients who were randomly selected purposively on three groups, stroke massage, reflexology massage group and control group. In the intervention groups each patient massaged in the morning and evening for 15 minutes a day, each time. In the control group other than routine care and measure of anxiety we do not massage them. In the intervention group before the massage anxiety in morning and evening Twenty minutes after the Massage, measured by Spiel Berger Anxiety questionnaire. Findings: In intervention group between reflexology and stroke the anxiety was reduced with (P<0.005). Stroke massage reduces anxiety more than reflexive massage. In control group there are no significant differences in anxiety in morning and evening. Conclusion: According to the results, strokes massage more effective than reflexology massage in reducing anxiety. So use it to reduce the anxiety of the patients in critical care wards recommended.
... Massage is frequently applied in the therapy of spinal ailments. Massage accelerates regeneration of tissues, and it alleviates the pain sensation [11,12]. It improves the functioning of people with chronic pain of the lower section of the spine [13,14]. ...
Background: Pain ailments of the spine are one of the most common diseases of the system of bones and joints. 75% to 85% of the world’s population suffer or will suffer from it, and lumbar pain is the most common cause of disability of persons over 45 years of age. They are usually the beginning of a chronic, often progressing ailments often leading to disability, incapacity to work and restrictions in daily life. Myofascial massage helps reduce pain sen sations. Is a specific method of gradual stretching soft tissues and making muscle fibres more elastic. It reduces increased muscle tone, muscle insertions and tendons. Material/Methods: The study involved 30 women with a mean age of 52.7 years. The study relied on performing 10 myofascial massages of the spine within 2 weeks. Results: The statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon’s signed-ranked test showed statistically significant results for tested variables of the Laitinen scale (the intensity of pain before and after the treatment at p = 0.00, the incidence of pain before and after the treatment at p = 0.00, the use of analgesics before and after the treatment at p = 0.00, limitation of physical activity before and after the treatment at p = 0.00). Conclusions: The applied therapy involving a series of myofascial massages supporting the structures of the motor segment, improving the elasticity of the massaged tissues and normalising the muscle tone resulted in reducing pain ailments in the lumbo-sacral section of the spine. Improvement in the patients’ well-being and increased desire for physical activity took place.
... Massage is frequently applied in the therapy of spinal ailments. Massage accelerates regeneration of tissues, and it alleviates the pain sensation [11, 12]. It improves the functioning of people with chronic pain of the lower section of the spine [13, 14]. ...
Myofascial massage helps reduce pain sen sations. Is a specific method of gradual stretching soft tissues and making muscle fibres more elastic. It reduces increased muscle tone, muscle insertions and tendons.
... Recently, studies revealed that massage Open Access 2 can effectively and independently decrease systolic blood pressure [9,10], and decrease diastolic blood pressure [11,12]. Likewise, studies have also revealed that massage was effective in decreasing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure [12][13][14][15]. This is further supported by several studies establishing that reflexology therapy can be used to significantly reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pain, and anxiety [9, [16][17][18][19]. ...
... Otherwise, tactile stimulation through massage has been shown to decrease heart rate and arousal, e.g. [48]. Thus, tactile pleasure might elicit both, smiling and laughter, depending on the eliciting stimulus. ...
Background: The rise of the aging population is happening all around the world. This is true for Thailand where the largest number of elderly people is in the Northeast region. Older people can experience emotional changes, which may lead to anxiety and depression. Most of these problems have been related to chronic illness, dependency, or the loss of a beloved one. It would be good if new approaches with a supervised group exercise and health counseling could be delivered for the elderly in the community in order to relieve their anxiety, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objectives: To determine the effects of a health care program for the elderly for the issues related to anxiety, musculoskeletal pain, blood pressure, and heart rate.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a two-group pre-post-test design was used. The sample consisted of elderly people living in a community in Khon Kaen. Seventy-two elderly people were randomly allocated into an experimental (n=36) and a control group (n=36). The experimental group was given a health care program over 3 months, whereas the control group continued their daily life without participating in the program. Pre-post-test data were collected using: the anxiety scale, numeric rating pain scale, and blood pressure and heart rate measurements. The mean of the data was compared within and between the post-trial groups using paired t-test and independent t-test statistics.
Results: The experimental group had 7.17 lower mean score on anxiety (95% CI = 5.11 - 9.22) than the control group (p<.001). Both blood pressure and heart rates were also significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusions: This innovative health care program could reduce anxiety, musculoskeletal pain, blood pressure and heart rate issues elderly communities.
Objectives
Injuries induced by the brain trauma from mild to life-threatening therefore prevents these complications need psychological, environmental, and physical support. Acupressure by reduces muscle tension, improves blood circulation and stimulates endorphins secretion naturally reduce pain in these patients therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate effect of acupressure on the level of the blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate in patients with the brain contusion under mechanical ventilation.
Methods
The present study was a clinical trial with a sample size of 64 brain contusion patients who were selected based on available sampling and then randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Demographic information and check list of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded before intervention in two groups then acupressure at the p6 point for 10 min in both hands at the morning and evening for two consecutive days is done in intervention group while in control group this pressure was applied at the same time point at an inactive point such as thumb hands. After acupressure for both groups, physiological index was measured immediately, half and 1 h after every acupressure. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and physiological sheet. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21 software and analytical statistical tests (independent t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test).
Results
The mean of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate before acupressure there was no significant statistical difference between two groups (p>0.05). but the mean of two consecutive days of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate after acupressure in the intervention group than control group was significantly different (p<0/05). Therefore, physiologic index before acupressure than after acupressure in the intervention group was significant statistical difference (p<0.001). The mean difference before the intervention than 12 h after the last intervention between two group was significant statistical difference (p<0/05) which that detected the stability of the effect of acupressure.
Conclusions
The results indicate that p6 point acupressure in the brain contusion patients under mechanical ventilation has been associated with improved blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. While confirmation of these results requires further studies, but use of complementary medicine in recovery the physical condition and strengthening of the effect of nursing care of these patients should be considered.
Background and Aim: Hypertension is a common disease and universal that can cause cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an eight-weeks massage on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), heart rate and C-reactive protein in women with hypertension. Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 44 volunteer women with Mean±SD age of 42.12±5.31years were selected from women referred to Arak Oil Company specialized polyclinic with hypertension. Four women excluded from the study for some reason, and the rest were divided into experimental and control groups. In massage group massage was done for three sessions per week, 45-60 minutes in each session, on the back and upper limbs for eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using dependent and independent t-test by SPSS V. 25 statistical software at the significant level of (P≤0.05). Ethical Considerations: This study (Code: 92-160-26) was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of massage reduced blood pressure (P=0.001), the heart rate (P=0.001), and C-reactive protein (P=0.001) in women with hypertension compared to the control group (P=0.62). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that massage for eight weeks is an efficient and appropriate method to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and C-reactive protein in patients with hypertension.
Multiple etiologies contribute to sleep disturbance in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, including learned scratching behavior and increased monoamines, cutaneous blood flow, inflammatory cell activities, and cytokines, as well as decreased melatonin, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and skin barrier function. Insomnia impairs cognitive development in children with AD, leading to behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Insomnia in adults with AD impedes work productivity. In this article, we discuss pearls on improving insomnia through both nonpharmacologic modalities, such as environmental adjustments and massage therapy, and pharmaceutical approaches including melatonin, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, mirtazapine, and benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine sedatives. Future investigations should further delineate the mechanistic link between insomnia and AD exacerbation and identify strategies to combat sleep-related disease burden.
Background
The critical care experience is particularly stressful for patients, which can result in a number of physiological and psychological consequences, including haemodynamic instability, increased pain, agitation and delirium, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation, length of stay and subsequent complications. Massage therapy encompasses different techniques to promote relaxation and to counter stress, therefore potentially affecting several patients' outcomes.
Aims
To systematically review evidence on the effects of massage on outcomes of adult critically ill patients. The outcome measures included pain, vital signs (VS), haemodynamic measurements, level of consciousness, sleep quality, muscle tension, anxiety, feelings of calm and relaxation, coping, arterial blood gases and serum biomarkers.
Method
This was a systematic review based on focused literature searches (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE‐Ovid databases, Google Scholar). The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Eligibility criteria included published experimental and quasi‐experimental studies reporting on the physiological and psychological outcomes of critically ill patients.
Results
Based on the selection criteria, 12 studies were included in the review. The main findings are as follows: 8 of 12 studies used randomized control designs with high internal validity, and there was a high level of evidence of favourable effects with respect to improvements in VS and a reduction in pain and anxiety. Outcomes that need to be more rigorously pursued include quality of sleep, analgesic and sedative dosages and level of consciousness.
Conclusion
The results suggest that massage interventions can have positive effects on critically ill patients' outcomes. However, there are several gaps in the literature, along with methodological limitations, that require further consideration in critical care settings.
Relevance to clinical practice
The results of this systematic review can inform implementation of massage interventions in critical care, which can be challenging as a result of several barriers.
The massage is the first therapy that every child comes in contact after its born, every mammal after its born. It is the first touch from the mother that mimics and conveys positive energy.
Viewed from today's distance, during the study for the effects of the massage as a therapy,when we get the information we formed the mosaic called massage.
This publication is dedicated to all supporters of physical therapy and rehabilitation that our experiences can check in their patients, as we have shared with many, around the world. Publication like this one was missing not only in our country, but in general at all. While we were writing this publication we checked ourselves, and now we will share it with everyone who will read it as a professional literature.
The massage is the first therapy that every child comes in contact after its born, every mammal after its born. It is the first touch from the mother that mimics and conveys positive energy.
Viewed from today's distance, during the study for the effects of the massage as a therapy,when we get the information we formed the mosaic called massage.
Dear readers, maybe while you are reading this book, there will be more recent knowledge, because the medical science and the effects of particular therapies today are explained at the cellular level.
It was in 1996, when I first met with a massage publication by Doctor Chanev. As time went on, as we grew up as applicators in the field of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, our understanding for the specific possibilities of the massage for different patient's disease and the human's difficulties also grew. After more than 20 years, also we have personal experiences. It was difficult for us to get good literature, but today with the possibilities of electronic communication we can check whether our knowledge has been noted by other massage practitioners around the world.
This publication is dedicated to all supporters of physical therapy and rehabilitation that our experiences can check in their patients, as we have shared with many, around the world.
Publication like this one was missing not only in our country, but in general at all. While we were writing this publication we checked ourselves, and now we will share it with everyone who will read it as a professional literature.
Objective:
This study aims to investigate the relationship between major signal points (MaSPs) of the lower extremities used in court-type Thai traditional massage (CTTM) and the corresponding underlying anatomical structures, as well as to determine the short-term changes in blood flow and skin temperature of volunteers experiencing CTTM.
Methods:
MaSPs were identified and marked on cadavers before acrylic color was injected. The underlying structures marked with acrylic colors were observed and the anatomical structures were determined. Then, pressure was applied to each MaSP in human volunteers (lateral side of leg and medial side of leg) and blood flow on right dorsalis pedis artery was measured using duplex ultrasound while skin temperature changes were monitored using an infrared themographic camera.
Results:
Short-term changes in the blood flow parameters, volume flow and average velocity, compared to baseline (P < 0.05), were observed on MaSP of the lower extremity, ML4. Changes in the peak systolic velocity of the area ML5 were also observed relative to baseline. The skin temperature of two different MaSPs on the lateral side of leg (LL4 and LL5) and four on the medial side of leg (ML2, ML3, ML4 and ML5) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 1 min after pressure application.
Conclusion:
This study established the clear correlation between the location of MaSP, as defined in CTTM, and the underlying anatomical structures. The effect of massage can stimulate skin blood flow because results showed increased skin temperature and blood flow characteristics. While these results were statistically significant, they may not be clinically relevant, as the present study focused on the immediate physiological effect of manipulation, rather than treatment effects. Thus, this study will serve as baseline data for further clinical studies in CTTM.
The aim of this study was to determine if lying supine on a vibrating massage mat could induce relaxation expressed through the cardiovascular system. Twelve subjects (8 female, 4 male) were used in an ABA design: (a) 10 min of lying on the mat when it was off (Control #1); 10 min of lying on the mat while it was activated (Treatment); and (c) an additional 10 min of lying on the mat when it was turned off (Control #2). The following cardiovascular variables were examined: Oxygen uptake, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, arteriovenous oxygen difference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, myocardial oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide produced, expired ventilation, frequency of breath, and tidal volume. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the three sessions with significance set at the P≤0.05 level. The Fisher's least significant difference procedure was used when significance existed in a variable to determine which sessions were different. Heart rate was found to be significantly higher while mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in the treatment compared to the two controls. Even though there was a difference (1 beat·min-1 and 2 mmHg, respectively), it was concluded that there is no practical value from either of the changes. Thu, the results suggest that lying supine on a vibrating massage mat does not provide a relaxation response on a physiological level.
Contextualização: Apesar de ser reconhecido
como um dos recursos possíveis de ser aplicados
no controle do estresse e de doenças ligadas à
ansiedade, a massagem de relaxamento é muito
pouco estudada quanto às respostas
cardiovasculares obtidas antes e imediatamente
após uma sessão desse tipo de massagem.
Objetivo: Constatar se as possíveis modificações
dos valores de FC de jovens sedentários saudáveis
são decorrentes de ajustes autonômicos cardíacos
que poderiam ser detectados imediatamente após a
sessão de massagem. Delineamento: Estudo
prospectivo transversal. Método: foram estudados
21 voluntários jovens sedentários saudáveis com
idade entre 18 e 25 anos. Inicialmente, todos
tiveram aferidas suas PA e registrados seus
batimentos cardíacos (cardiofrequencímentro Polar
S810i®) por 5min antes de serem submetidos a
40min de massagem de relaxamento, posicionados
em decúbito supino e por 15min após aplicação da
mesma. As áreas de aplicação da massagem foram
na face e nos membros inferiores e superiores. Não
houve aplicação da massagem nas costas devido a
problemas metodológicos referentes ao
posicionamento do dispositivo de coleta dos
batimentos cardíacos. Os registros dos batimentos
cardíacos foram passados a um computador por
meio de uma interface IR® para ser processada a
análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca
(VFC) por meio do software Polar Precision
Performance®. A VFC foi estudada nos domínios do
tempo (DT) e da frequência (DF). A análise
estatística comparativa dos dados cardiovasculares
pré e pós- intervenção da VFC foi realizada com a
aplicação do teste de Mann-Whitney, com
significância p<0,05. Para a apresentação das
variáveis antropométricas e clínicas foi utilizada
média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Os valores das
variáveis do DT e do DF pré massagem e pós massagem
não tiveram diferença estatisticamente
significativa. Conclusão: A aplicação de massagem
de relaxamento em jovens sedentários saudáveis
não se mostrou efetiva quando estudada para
verificação do aumento da VFC.
Method:
Systematic review.
Results:
There are several examples (in some cases specifically regarding patients with tumors) of the positive effects of healing touch massage on pain, anxiety and fatigue, and also on biochemical parameters.
Conclusions:
The way to full recognition by both the institutional and the scientific community seems to promise fairly well, although it should be noted that the achievement of this goal will require further research avoiding the limitations of previous studies.
Abstract. The areas that we wanted to investigate include: tasks performed, tools used, formalization of the
assignment, workload, empowerment and satisfaction of the function performed, and training. The results
clearly show that the processes of tutoring are different for physicians and non-physician healthcare professionals.
The first interesting difference is the method of assignment of mentoring. While among medical
professions the function is assigned by others, tutors are often non-medical volunteers. This evidence leads
to two unanswered questions: what are the criteria by which they are chosen as tutors? Do volunteers really
possess the skills and ability to carry out this role? Future research should be directed towards clearly defining
the profile of the “tutor” among both doctors and non-medical professionals. Another difference is the way
the work of the mentor is formalized. If they are doctors, the task is assigned to them; this is not the case
for non-medical professions. Despite this difference, a high percentage of both medical professionals and
doctors said they did not feel valued for their role of tutor. However, differences emerge: physicians see their
role as a paid tutor and / or recognized in their curriculum vitae. For non-medical professions, however, the
only reward is a recognition of ECM (Educazione Continua in Medicina)credits. A common feature among
professionals is that for both physicians and non-physician healthcare tutors, a system of evaluation is rarely
reported. Another common feature is the skills that professionals would like to see improved. Both groups of
professionals, in fact, would like to see improved teaching methods, communication strategies and reporting
and evaluation systems. Finally, non-physician tutors report the same level of satisfaction, although the nonphysician
professionals are more satisfied in their relationship with colleagues. The degree of empowerment
reveals perceived differences and similarities among the professionals. In fact, both professional groups reported
the same levels of competence and impact, but differ in meaning and self-determination. More specifically,
the non-medical professionals show high scores, while doctors get a higher score for self-determination.
These results suggest that for increased attention to the system of evaluation and enhancement of the function
tutorial we need not only to increase the satisfaction of those who act as tutors, but also to improve the
tutorial process itself. Furthermore, the results suggest the carrying out of training projects for teaching and
assessment methods that represent the issues that are most in demand by tutors. The training should include
the use of tools for the governance process that project tutorial and apprenticeships. The responses indicate
that these tools are already in use, although not as widespread and continuous.
A prior national survey documented the high prevalence and costs of alternative medicine use in the United States in 1990.
To document trends in alternative medicine use in the United States between 1990 and 1997.
Nationally representative random household telephone surveys using comparable key questions were conducted in 1991 and 1997 measuring utilization in 1990 and 1997, respectively.
A total of 1539 adults in 1991 and 2055 in 1997.
Prevalence, estimated costs, and disclosure of alternative therapies to physicians.
Use of at least 1 of 16 alternative therapies during the previous year increased from 33.8% in 1990 to 42.1% in 1997 (P < or = .001). The therapies increasing the most included herbal medicine, massage, megavitamins, self-help groups, folk remedies, energy healing, and homeopathy. The probability of users visiting an alternative medicine practitioner increased from 36.3% to 46.3% (P = .002). In both surveys alternative therapies were used most frequently for chronic conditions, including back problems, anxiety, depression, and headaches. There was no significant change in disclosure rates between the 2 survey years; 39.8% of alternative therapies were disclosed to physicians in 1990 vs 38.5% in 1997. The percentage of users paying entirely out-of-pocket for services provided by alternative medicine practitioners did not change significantly between 1990 (64.0%) and 1997 (58.3%) (P=.36). Extrapolations to the US population suggest a 47.3% increase in total visits to alternative medicine practitioners, from 427 million in 1990 to 629 million in 1997, thereby exceeding total visits to all US primary care physicians. An estimated 15 million adults in 1997 took prescription medications concurrently with herbal remedies and/or high-dose vitamins (18.4% of all prescription users). Estimated expenditures for alternative medicine professional services increased 45.2% between 1990 and 1997 and were conservatively estimated at 12.2 billion paid out-of-pocket. This exceeds the 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US hospitalizations. Total 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures relating to alternative therapies were conservatively estimated at $27.0 billion, which is comparable with the projected 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US physician services.
Alternative medicine use and expenditures increased substantially between 1990 and 1997, attributable primarily to an increase in the proportion of the population seeking alternative therapies, rather than increased visits per patient.
Twenty-six adults were given a chair massage and 24 control group adults were asked to relax in the massage chair for 15 minutes, two times per week for five weeks. On the first and last days of the study they were monitored for EEG, before, during and after the sessions. In addition, before and after the sessions they performed math computations, they completed POMS Depression and State Anxiety Scales and they provided a saliva sample for Cortisol. At the beginning of the sessions they completed Life Events, Job Stress and Chronic POMS Depression Scales. Group by repeated measures and post hoc analyses revealed the following: 1) frontal delta power increased for both groups, suggesting relaxation; 2) the massage group showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power (suggesting enhanced alertness); while the control group showed increased alpha and beta power; 3) the massage group showed increased speed and accuracy on math computations while the control group did not change; 4) anxiety levels were lower following the massage but not the control sessions, although mood state was less depressed following both the massage and control sessions; 5) salivary Cortisol levels were lower following the massage but not the control sessions but only on the first day; and 6) at the end of the 5 week period depression scores were lower for both groups but job stress scores were lower only for the massage group.
Scientific development of acupuncture is described to increase its therapeutic efficacy and ultimate utilization. Acupuncture may have central, local and placebo effects. Little is known about the local effects of acupuncture specific to needle penetration and/or movement. Acupuncture points, muscle trigger points and motor end-plate zones are identical. Therefore, the benefit of acupuncture in musculoskeletal pain relief for which it is most commonly used, would not be limited to classical acupuncture points on the meridians. Intramuscular movements of the needle causes insertional activity which can be recorded on electromyography (EMG). The insertional activity occurs from depolarization of innervated single or grouped muscle fiber discharges which are micro-twitches and this is the basis of pain relief with EMG and intramuscular stimulation methods. Occasionally, needle penetration or manipulation in classical or electrical acupuncture may also evoke small local twitches. These observations suggest that needle induced local muscle twitches mediate musculoskeletal pain relief in acupuncture. These micro-twitches are capable of producing micro stretch effects on the adjacent shortened muscle fibers undergoing varying stages of denervation. This reduces the mechanical traction effect produced by these shortened muscle fibers on pain sensitive structures including intramuscular nerves and blood vessels. This theory of stretching shortened muscle fibers to produce pain relief would be justified when even more significant musculoskeletal pain relief can be obtained through inducing larger force twitches. Therefore, automated and electrical twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation methods were invented to elicit larger twitches. These methods allow the objective localization of the motor end-plate zones and allow recording of the number, frequency and force of the twitches. Therefore, by mechanism of action and associated therapeutic relief, the twitch may be the local key to pain relief, notjust a diagnostic sign for the localization of myofascial trigger points.
This report presents selected estimates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among U.S. adults, using data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI). This report is based on 31,044 interviews of adults age 18 years and over. Statistics shown in this report were age adjusted to the year 2000 U.S. standard population.
Sixty-two percent of adults used some form of CAM therapy during the past 12 months when the definition of CAM therapy included prayer specifically for health reasons. When prayer specifically for health reasons was excluded from the definition, 36% of adults used some form of CAM therapy during the past 12 months. The 10 most commonly used CAM therapies during the past 12 months were use of prayer specifically for one's own health (43.0%), prayer by others for one's own health (24.4%), natural products (18.9%), deep breathing exercises (11.6%), participation in prayer group for one's own health (9.6%), meditation (7.6%), chiropractic care (7.5%), yoga (5.1%), massage (5.0%), and diet-based therapies (3.5%). Use of CAM varies by sex, race, geographic region, health insurance status, use of cigarettes or alcohol, and hospitalization. CAM was most often used to treat back pain or back problems, head or chest colds, neck pain or neck problems, joint pain or stiffness, and anxiety or depression. Adults age 18 years or over who used CAM were more likely to do so because they believed that CAM combined with conventional medical treatments would help (54.9%) and/or they thought it would be interesting to try (50.1%). Most adults who have ever used CAM have used it within the past 12 months, although there is variation by CAM therapy.
Cytoskeleton-dependent changes in cell shape are well-established factors regulating a wide range of cellular functions including signal transduction, gene expression, and matrix adhesion. Although the importance of mechanical forces on cell shape and function is well established in cultured cells, very little is known about these effects in whole tissues or in vivo. In this study we used ex vivo and in vivo models to investigate the effect of tissue stretch on mouse subcutaneous tissue fibroblast morphology. Tissue stretch ex vivo (average 25% tissue elongation from 10 min to 2 h) caused a significant time-dependent increase in fibroblast cell body perimeter and cross-sectional area (ANOVA, P < 0.01). At 2 h, mean fibroblast cell body cross-sectional area was 201% greater in stretched than in unstretched tissue. Fibroblasts in stretched tissue had larger, "sheetlike" cell bodies with shorter processes. In contrast, fibroblasts in unstretched tissue had a "dendritic" morphology with smaller, more globular cell bodies and longer processes. Tissue stretch in vivo for 30 min had effects that paralleled those ex vivo. Stretch-induced cell body expansion ex vivo was inhibited by colchicine and cytochalasin D. The dynamic, cytoskeleton-dependent responses of fibroblasts to changes in tissue length demonstrated in this study have important implications for our understanding of normal movement and posture, as well as therapies using mechanical stimulation of connective tissue including physical therapy, massage, and acupuncture.
Swedish massage technique includes mechanically activated muscular tissue and also skin, tendons, fascias, and connected tissue, which indirectly regulates the tonus of the autonomous nervous system. This study set out to examine the effects of Swedish massage on blood pressure. Healthy males were given massage treatment at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Treatment was over a 12-week period divided into three parts, each consisting of 4 weeks. Two treatment periods contained massage treatment either on back, neck and chest (BNC), or leg, arm and face (LAF), with an in between washout period. The first treatment period with massage decreased systolic blood pressure directly after treatment (BNC: P<0.005, LAF: P<0.01), but no significant changes were seen in diastolic blood pressure. In the second period, BNC massage decreased systolic (P<0.005) and diastolic (P<0.005) blood pressure whereas LAF massage (P<0.05) increased systolic blood pressure. Swedish massage on the BNC resulted in a minor decrease in blood pressure possibly due to sympathetic inhibition. It may be suggested that massage may be tried as a complementary therapy in patients suffering from increased blood pressure due to stress.
The objective of this study was to determine the change in blood pressure (BP) in normotensive and prehypertensive adults resulting from a therapeutic massage, and the factors associated with such changes, including demographic and massage characteristics.
National University of Health Sciences Massage Therapy Clinic, Lombard, IL.
The subjects were 150 current adult massage therapy clients with BP lower than 150/95.
BP was measured before and after a therapeutic massage.
Change in BP and potential associated factors such as type of massage, duration of massage, specific body area massaged, amount of massage pressure, and demographic characteristics were studied.
Overall, systolic BP decreased by 1.8 mm Hg and diastolic BP increased by 0.1 mm Hg. Demographic factors associated with BP decrease included younger age (p = 0.01) and taller stature (p = 0.09). Type of massage was associated with change in BP: Swedish massage had the greatest effect at BP reduction. Trigger point therapy and sports massage both increased the systolic BP, and if both forms of massage were included in a session, both the systolic and diastolic BP readings significantly increased. No other massage factors were associated with a significant change in BP.
Type of massage was the main factor affecting change in BP. Increases in BP were noted for potentially painful massage techniques, including trigger point therapy.
Chronic intractable benign pain (CIBP) is defined as non-neoplastic pain of greater than 6 months duration without objective physical findings and known nociceptive peripheral input. To test the CIBP concept, 283 consecutive chronic pain patients were examined independently by a neurosurgeon and physiatrist and only congruent physical findings were coded. Because they did not fit the CIBP definition, patients with the following primary treatment diagnoses were eliminated: degenerative disease of the spine and spinal stenosis; degenerative disease of the hips; radiculopathy; malignancy; deafferentation pain; and miscellaneous. Eliminated, also, were patients with any one finding indicative of a root compression syndrome, leaving 90 low back and 34 neck patients. These patients had abnormal physical findings in 7 categories: tender points/trigger points; decreased ranges of motion in back or neck; non-anatomical sensory loss; rigid musculature; decreased range of hip motion; gait disturbance; and miscellaneous non-neurologic signs. Low back CIBP patients had the following distribution among the 7 categories: 0% had findings of all 7; 1.1% had 6; 13.3% had 5; 24.4% had 4; 25.6% had 3; 26.7% had 2; 8.9% had 1; and 0% had none. Neck CIBP patients, in which only the first 4 categories of physical findings were applicable had the following distribution: 2.9% had 4; 41.2% had 3; 35.3% had 2; 20.6% had 1; and 0% had none. It was concluded that CIBP patients do have abnormal physical findings indicative of musculoskeletal disease: possibly fibrositis and/or specific myofascial syndromes, as sources of peripheral nociception. These findings question the validity of the CIBP concept and point to the need for a careful, all-inclusive physical examination as a basic initial requirement in the classification of chronic pain patients.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common but misunderstood muscular pain disorder involving pain referred from small, tender trigger points within myofascial structures in or distant from the area of pain. Misdiagnosis or inadequate management of this disorder after onset may lead to development of a complex chronic pain syndrome. A review of the clinical characteristics of 164 patients whose chief complaints led to the diagnosis of MPS revealed that these patients had (1) tenderness at points in firm bands of skeletal muscle that were consistent with past reports, (2) specific patterns of pain referral associated with each trigger point, (3) frequent emotional, postural, and behavioral contributing factors, and (4) frequent associated symptoms and concomitant diagnoses.
Aromatherapy massage is a commonly used complementary therapy, and is employed in cancer and palliative care largely to improve quality of life and reduce psychological distress.
To investigate whether aromatherapy or massage, or both, decreases psychological morbidity, lessens symptom distress and/or improves the quality of life in patients with a diagnosis of cancer.
We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to May week 3 2002), CINAHL (1982 to April 2002), British Nursing Index (1994 to April 2002), EMBASE (1980 to Week 25 2002), AMED (1985 to April 2002), PsycINFO (1887 to April week 4 2002), SIGLE (1980 to March 2002), CancerLit (1975 to April 2002) and Dissertation Abstracts International (1861 to March 2002). Reference lists of relevant articles were searched for additional studies.
We sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs); controlled before and after studies; and interrupted time series studies of aromatherapy or massage, or both, for patients with cancer, that measured changes in patient-reported levels of physical or psychological distress or quality of life using reliable and valid tools.
Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion in the review, assessed study quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted where information was unclear.
The search strategy retrieved 1322 studies. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and these represented eight RCTs (357 participants). The most consistently found effect of massage or aromatherapy massage was on anxiety. Four trials (207 participants) measuring anxiety detected a reduction post intervention, with benefits of 19 to 32% reported. Contradictory evidence exists as to any additional benefit on anxiety conferred by the addition of aromatherapy. The evidence for the impact of massage/aromatherapy on depression was variable. Of the three trials (120 participants) that assessed depression in cancer patients, only one found any significant differences in this symptom. Three studies (117 participants) found a reduction in pain following intervention, and two (71 participants) found a reduction in nausea. Although several of the trials measured changes in other symptoms such as fatigue, anger, hostility, communication and digestive problems, none of these assessments was replicated.
Massage and aromatherapy massage confer short term benefits on psychological well being, with the effect on anxiety supported by limited evidence. Effects on physical symptoms may also occur. Evidence is mixed as to whether aromatherapy enhances the effects of massage. Replication, longer follow up, and larger trials are need to accrue the necessary evidence.
This article presents the rationale for the use of the spray and stretch technique for commonly found myofascial pain syndromes. General principles of this technique are briefly discussed, with emphasis on shoulder pain patterns. The muscles which cause anterior shoulder pain and middle deltoid pain are discussed. The muscles which cause posterior shoulder pain are examined as part of the case study. The case study describes posterior shoulder pain with radiation down the back of the upper arm and down the ulnar side of the forearm. The specific pain pattern for the subscapularis is presented. Muscles potentially referring pain to the back of the shoulder are described both for examination and treatment. Results and follow up are reported. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1981;3(1):21-26.
Fewer conditions in clinical practice have generated more controversy and debate than those that cause musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. The term myofascial pain refers to a syndrome of musculoskeletal discomfort. Myofascial pain is a significant physical disorder responsible for long term disability. Early diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome and circumspect treatment without using narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics results in successful outcomes. The goal of treatment should always be function oriented, set at the beginning of a treatment program, and modified at periodic intervals. Concurrent psychosocial stressors in the home and at work should be identified and treated appropriately.
Diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome may become less challenging as clinical criteria become better defined. The mechanisms are not well known, and the syndrome occurs in a wide variety of settings. Trigger points with referred pain are the most common feature. Treatment consists of physical modalities (spray-and-stretch techniques and trigger point block) combined with a program of graded muscle stretching and strengthening. Early, aggressive treatment yields an improved prognosis.
Back pain is an important problem for primary care physicians; it is common, costly, and controversial. Back pain is the second leading symptom prompting all physician visits in the United States. There are wide geographic variations in medical care for this problem, and surgical rates in the United States are twice those of most developed countries. The treatment of back pain has followed a series of fads and fashions, and work disability resulting from back pain continues to rise. For all these reasons, primary care clinicians have an important role in improving the care of patients with low back pain. Primary care clinicians face unique problems in treating these patients. First, in primary care, most patients have uncomplicated low back pain, and identifying the rare patient with an underlying malignancy or neurologic deficit is like looking for a needle in a haystack. Second, these practitioners face two populations with nonspecific back pain: one that is likely to improve no matter what (who mostly need reassurance), and a smaller group (about 20%) who are prone to development of chronic back pain and who present complex psychosocial and occupational problems. Third, these problems must be dealt with in the typical setting of a 15-minute patient visit. Finally, lifestyle changes in exercise, weight loss, and smoking cessation may be major parts of patient treatment, and improving compliance with such interventions always is a major challenge. Primary care investigators studying back pain face at least three important challenges. One is to identify more efficient diagnostic strategies that will alleviate doctors' and patients' anxieties. Second is to develop a better theory to explain the large majority of episodes of nonspecific low back pain. At present, competing theories generate competing and conflicting treatments, generating frustration among patients and loss of credibility for clinicians. Third, we need better science, with greater methodologic rigor in the evaluation of the many nonsurgical treatments used for back pain in the primary care setting.
Critically ill patients are deprived of sleep and its potential healing qualities, although many receive medications to promote sleep. No one has adequately evaluated holistic nonpharmacological techniques designed to promote sleep in critical care practice.
To determine the effects of (1) a back massage and (2) combined muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and a music audiotape on the sleep of older men with a cardiovascular illness who were hospitalized in a critical care unit.
Sixty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-minute back massage (n=24); a teaching session on relaxation and a 7.5-minute audiotape at bedtime consisting of muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and relaxing background music (n=28); or the usual nursing care (controls, n=17). Polysomnography was used to measure 1 night of sleep for each patients. Sleep efficiency index was the primary variable of interest. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for difference in the index among the 3 groups.
Descriptive statistics showed improved quality of sleep among the back-massage group. Initial analysis showed a significant difference among the 3 groups in sleep efficiency index. Post hoc testing with the Duncan procedure indicated a significant difference between the back-massage group and the control group; patients in the back-massage group slept more than 1 hour long than patients in the control group. However, the variance was significantly different among the 3 groups, and reanalysis of data with only 17 subjects in each group revealed no difference among groups (P=.06).
Back massage is useful for promoting sleep in critically ill older men.
Manual vibratory massage is part of the preventive physiotherapeutic activities performed in intensive care units. The vibratory massage can be performed manually or as electrovibratory massage. The manual massage is a fast rhythmical vibration performed by the arm and shoulder muscles of the masseur and transferred to the patient's thorax by the hand. The hand of the masseur has to achieve a tremor with a frequency of 8 to 11 tremors/s. The aim of the pilot study was to examine the influence of manual vibratory massage on the pulmonary function of postoperative patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation, with special interest being focused on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion and cerebral blood flow velocity. Manual vibratory massage was performed postoperatively in the intensive care unit on eight patients: three patients had undergone heart transplantation, three had undergone lung transplantation, and two had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (mean age, 53.6+/-8 yr). With the aid of continuous monitoring, we examined the changes of the respiration parameters and the cerebral blood flow velocity (measured by transcranial Doppler sonography). The vibratory massage was performed with a frequency of 8 to 10 vibrations/s for 15 min, 7.5 min on each side of the thorax, starting from the lower costal arch and progressing to the upper thoracic aperture. For 10 min before, during, and 10 min after the massage, the parameters of peripheral oxygen saturation, central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, lung resistance and compliance, tidal volume, respiration rate, and cerebral blood flow velocity were recorded at 2-min intervals. Moreover, before and after vibratory massage, arterial blood gases were determined. In four of the eight patients, it was possible to determine pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, as well as pulmonary vascular resistance. During the vibratory massage, we could prove a significant increase of the mean tidal volume by 30% (P = 0.008). The percutaneous oxygen saturation significantly increased also, from 92 to 93.6% (P = 0.002). Central venous pressure significantly decreased by 11% (P = 0.04), and pulmonary vessel resistance was reduced by 18.3% (P = 0.001). The pulmonary resistance decreased from 10.5 to 9.2 H2O/l/s (P < 0.05) by the end of the observation period. Cerebral blood flow velocity showed no significant change. Vibratory massage seems to improve pulmonary mechanism and perfusion, thus, reducing ventilation perfusion mismatch and increasing oxygen saturation.
Our objectives in this study were to establish validated methods of massotherapy of the neck, to determine its action on the neck structures, and to conduct a comparative evaluation of results of the control and study groups after performing massotherapy. It has been found out that in 80 (85%) patients the skin comes to be tinged with healthy pink, the cutaneous-and-muscle tone getting improved, which event makes the skin smooth and elastic following the above massage. Over the first ten days of the massoprocedures 44 (48%) subjects demonstrated resolution of the edema and swelling, with the thickened skin fold as a roller dissappearing by the end of the second month. Dispelling of hypothyrosis phenomena made for reduction of dosages of hormonal preparations. We consider it mandatory that massotherapy of the neck be instituted in all those patients who had undergone operation on the neck and thyroid.
Stress and adjustment to stress involve pathophysiological processes operating in the cardiovascular system, particularly concerning high blood pressure. Stress and high blood pressure are closely linked. Stress induces transient psychosomatic-related increases in blood pressure, but can also induce more permanent rise in blood pressure when associated with other environmental, psychological, or genetic risk factors. Symptomatic treatment of high blood pressure requires medicinal antihypertensive therapy; anti-stress therapy is an effective but not sufficient complement.
The presence of nutraceutical agents in the United States health care system dictates the need for a general understanding of these agents by all physicians and health care providers. Increasing trend toward reimbursement of herbal medicines by the insurance companies and managed care organizations have further encouraged their use. Because herbs are listed under the "supplement" category by the Food and Drug Administration, the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act establishes no protocol for standardization of the products labeled as "supplements" thereby increasing the risk for adverse effects associated with the use of these products. Moreover, there is little motivation for the manufacturers to conduct randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded safety and efficacy trials on these drugs. Reports indicate that within the last 2 decades,more than 100 herbogenic deaths have occurred [100]. Many serious complications have been reported, including renal failure and need for renal or hepatic transplantation after taking nutraceuticals [101-107]. The anesthesiologists should have a detailed knowledge and understanding of the potential risks and purported benefits of herbal medicines and should thoroughly inquire about patient's use of herbal products [108- 11 ]. In addition,the education of each patient regarding the serious, potential drug-herb inter-actions should be a routine component of preoperative assessment. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), suggests that all herbal medications should be discontinued 2 to 3 weeks before an elective surgical procedure. If the patient is not sure of the contents of the herbal medicine, he or she should be urged to bring the container so that the anesthesiologist can review the contents of the herb or preparation. Although this idea holds some promise in the elective-care settings, anesthetic care in emergency settings should be based on a thorough drug-intake history from the patient or a relative, if possible.Unfortunately, the anesthesia literature has not addressed this new group of health supplements, despite many of these drugs having the potential to cause serious health problems and drug-herb interactions. There is a need to conduct additional scientific clinical trials to study the anesthetic responses to commonly used nutraceutical agents.
Demand for Mas-sage Therapy: Use and Acceptance Increasing. Online docu-ment at: www
- Therapy Assoociation
American Massage Therapy Assoociation. Demand for Mas-sage Therapy: Use and Acceptance Increasing. Online docu-ment at: www.amtamassage.org/pdf/02demanddraft2.pdf Ac-cessed November 7, 2004.
Massage as therapy in multiple sclero-sis
- J Graydon
- Mckee
Graydon J, McKee N. Massage as therapy in multiple sclero-sis. J Altern Complement Med 1997;2:27–28.
Hypertension and stress [in French]
- Faye K Heng Lh
- Collomp
Faye K, Heng LH, Collomp R. Hypertension and stress [in French]. J Mal Vasc 2003;28:4–8.