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Physics of Extreme Gravitomagnetic and Gravity-Like Fields for Novel Space Propulsion and Energy Generation
Abstract and Figures
In 2006 Tajmar et al. reported on the measurements of extreme gravitomagnetic
fields from small Nb rings at cryogenic temperatures that are about 18 orders
of magnitude larger than gravitomagnetic fields obtained from GR (general
relativity). Cifuolini in 2004 and the NASA-Stanford Gravity Probe-B experiment
in 2007 confirmed the Lense-Thirring effect as predicted by GR (gravitomagnetic
fields generated by a rotating massive body, i.e. Earth) within some 10%. In
2007 gravitomagnetic fields generated by a rotating cryogenic lead disk were
measured by Graham et al. Though these measurements were not conclusive (the
accuracy of the laser gyrometer was not sufficient to produce a standard
deviation small enough) their experiment seems to have seen the same phenomenon
reported earlier by Tajmar et al., termed parity violation. This means that
gravitomagnetic fields produced by the cryogenic rotating ring or disk vary
substantially and change sign for clockwise and counter-clockwise directions of
rotation. The experimental situation therefore occurs to be contradictory. On
the one hand GR has been confirmed while at the same time, there seems to be
experimental evidence for the existence of extreme gravitomagnetic fields that
cannot be generated by the movement of large masses. If these experiments can
be confirmed, they give a clear indication for the existence of additional
gravitational fields of non-Newtonian nature. As was shown by the GP-B
experiment, measuring gravitomagnetic fields from GR poses extreme
difficulties. Therefore a novel physical mechanism should exist for the
generation of gravity-like fields, which might also provide the key to
gravitational engineering similar to electromagnetic technology.
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... The experimental verification of the dependence of the gravitomagnetic field strength on cryogenic temperatures follows from the fact that the signal strength in the latest experiments (Setup C, D, E) is substantially lower than in the previous experiments (Setup A, B), which was the major reason that Tajmar eventually re-interpreted his earlier experiments as artifacts caused by acoustic vibrations. In comparison to Tajmar's earlier papers, for instance [6] , the gravitomagnetic field strength measured in his latest experiments [9] is reduced from 3-4 10 -8 by a factor of about 100, which means the value of the so called coupling factor is now CR = 2.0 10 -10 (see Eq. 1) where the suffix R in the coupling factor indicates the rotating Nb ring (mass about 4 10 -1 kg), and suffix gp in the gravitomagnetic field is used as a reminder that this field is supposed to have been generated from the interaction between electromagnetism and gravitation by the novel particle called gravitophoton (see above, also35363744] ). In the experiments by Tajmar et al. and Graham et al. the value of the dimensionless coupling constant CR (see Eq. 1) is employed in the subsequent discussion in order to characterize the experiments, and is determined both experimentally and theoretically. ...
... Instead, the LHC results should be interpreted as a sign for major deficiencies at the fundamental level of physics. For instance, as was already discussed in [14,353637 , there could be three different gravitational fields, see also the gravitomagnetic field experiments discussed under topic three. If this were the case, additional field quanta in the form of new bosons must exist. ...
... The cosmological constant is associated with the dark energy field that is ubiquitous in the Cosmos, but there seem to be other physical processes capable of producing a repulsive gravitational force, i.e., expanding spacetime (locally) [56] . We feel that the experiments by Tajmar et al. most likely need to be explained in this way [36,37] . As a result, physical processes producing a local or global repulsive gravitational force should contribute to the accelerated expansion of the Universe. ...
In this paper a set of recent experiments/observations is presented that seem to indicate the existence of novel physics outside general relativity as well as the standard model of particle physics and the standard model of cosmology. The approach chosen in the present paper is unique, since the existence of new physics is based on various experiments reported from widely different areas, and not a priori on the introduction of novel physical concepts. If confirmed, new concepts might be required and drastic extensions to current physics would become necessary, for instance, in form of novel gravity-like fields. Such fields could provide the basis for propellantless propulsion that is, gravitational field propulsion might become a possibility. A total of eleven experiments both from cosmological observations and high particle physics has been identified that seem to require an extension of general relativity and also might contradict key predictions of the so called advanced physical theories like string theory, supersmmetry, or quantum gravity. The paper also discusses in how far the existence of additional extreme gravitomagnetic and gravity-like fields outside general relativity together with novel types of matter is supported by experimental facts based on the results of three recent experiments that might have measured these extreme gravitomagnetic fields (see the in depth analysis of these experiments in the accompanying paper by J. Hauser in this special issue).
... The cosmological constant is associated with this dark energy field that is ubiquitous in the Cosmos, but there seem to be other physical processes capable of producing a repulsive gravitational force against spacetime (locally) a that is, the experiments by Tajmar et al. most likely need to be explained in this way. 36,38 As a result, physical processes producing a local or global repulsive gravitational force should contribute to the accelerated expansion of the Universe. ...
... However, for this process to occur, particles of NOM must be generated in form of virtual particles as discussed in. 36,38 The end product is an extreme gravitomagnetic field or gravity-like (acceleration) field, which, however, is not produced by moving masses (as required by GR). This means, fields from the experiments by Tajmar et al. are outside GR. ...
... It should be noted, for this process to occur, not only three different types of interacting gravitational forces need to exist, but also the spectrum of matter has to be extended. 35,36,38 ...
At present all space propulsion systems as well as jet engines rely on the reaction principle, and thus needs a substantial supply of fuel. In general, fuel mass is much larger than the payload, and thus all these systems are severely limited by basic physics. Any space vehicle launched must overcome the gravitational field of the Earth, whose governing law was already established by Isaac Newton in 1687. Hence, any breakthrough in propulsion, in order to become a real game changer, needs to be functioning without propellant, and thus has to be able to produce its own gravitational field, strong enough to overcome the planetary gravitational. However, if gravity were completely described by Newton's law, as current physics proposes, there is no possibility in achieving this goal. Any breakthrough in propulsion does require a breakthrough in gravitational physics (but not in particle physics). The paper therefore discusses the reality of the existence of novel gravity-like fields, both experimental and theoretical. To this end, a set of eleven experiments was identified that contradict established physical theories. In addition, a theoretical approach is presented, termed Extended Heim Theory, that predicts six fundamental forces, three of them of gravitational origin as well as the existence of an interaction between electromagnetism and gravitation. As a result, entirely new gravitational laws should exist. This view might be supported, for instance, by the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) hypothesis, which alters Newtonian gravity for small accelerations. It implies that the relation between the Newtonian gravitational force and acceleration differs from Newton's second law for very weak accelerations, which is typical for large scale structures like galaxies. So far MOND has not been motivated by any underlying physical model or theory. Therefore an attempt is made to explain the physics of MOND employing the novel physical concepts of EHT. In addition, recently S. S. McGaugh has demonstrated the validity of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR relates galaxy mass with its rotational velocity) for 47 gas rich galaxies. Thus a modified gravitational force law seems to exist that is, however, not consistent with Einstein's theory of relativity (GR). The experimental situation seems to be contradictory, since Cifuolini in 2006 and the NASA-Stanford Gravity Probe-B experiment in 2007 confirmed the Lense-Thirring effect as predicted by GR (gravitomagnetic fields generated by a rotating massive body, i.e. Earth) within some 10-15%, validating the predictions of GR. The experimental situation seems to be irreconcilable, because in numerous experiments, first published in 2006, Tajmar et al. reported on the measurements of extreme gravitomagnetic fields produced by small rotating Nb rings at cryogenic temperatures that are up to 18 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by GR. In this overview paper a non-mathematical account is given in order to reveal the underlying physics of MOND and to try to clarify the multi-faceted physical nature of gravity. Most important, it turns out, that entirely novel technology might be possible in form of gravitational engineering, that is, laboratory generated gravity-like fields might be producible, similar to the generation of electromagnetic fields, which would give rise to a revolution in propulsion as well as energy generation.
... The basic experimental setup along with respective technical requirements as well as the resulting acceleration are given. Nomenclature ν 0 gp = two types of neutral gravitophotons (gravitational gauge boson) ν + gp , ν − gp = positive (attractive) and negative (repulsive) gravitophotons (gravitational gauge bosons) ν g = graviton (gravitational gauge boson, attractive) ν q = quintessence particle (gravitational gauge boson, repulsive) ω I = angular velocity of imaginary electrons B G = gravitomagnetic field vector from real moving masses B gp = observed gravitomagnetic field vector E G = gravitoelectric field vector from stationary masses E gp = gravitoelectric field vector from gravitophotons F = Helmholtz Free Energy F = U − T S G = gravitational constant comprising three parts, G N , G gp , G q G N = Newtonian gravitational constant, (mediated by graviton, attractive force) G gp = gravitational constant for gravitophoton interaction = 1 67 2 G N , this type of gravitation is both attractive and repulsive G q = gravitational constant of quintessence interaction, repulsive, 10 −18 × G N As has been discussed for about a decade in a series of papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , if spaceflight as envisaged by Wernher von Braun is going to take place, a paradigm shift in space propulsion is needed. The rocket program initiated by von Braun in the late 50s served well its purpose in landing a man on the moon, but is not adequate for sustained space travel, and, very recently, the manned space flight program of the U.S. was discontinued. ...
... Spacetime is asummed to be a discretized physical field and in the extreme gravitomagnetic field experiments it becomes part of the physical system. It should be noted that there are three types of gravitational coupling assumed to exist, based on the concept of Hermetry form 8,9,13 , namely Newtonian (OM, graviton ν g ), gravitomagnetic (ν gp , electromagnetismgravitation interaction) and quintessence (ν q , interaction of particles of dark energy of mass 10 −33 eV with the spacetime field), represented by Hermetry form H 16 (R 3 , T 1 ) see 8,9,13 . In the following we discuss several key physical aspects supposed to occur in the experiments for generating gravity-like fields. ...
... Spacetime is asummed to be a discretized physical field and in the extreme gravitomagnetic field experiments it becomes part of the physical system. It should be noted that there are three types of gravitational coupling assumed to exist, based on the concept of Hermetry form 8,9,13 , namely Newtonian (OM, graviton ν g ), gravitomagnetic (ν gp , electromagnetismgravitation interaction) and quintessence (ν q , interaction of particles of dark energy of mass 10 −33 eV with the spacetime field), represented by Hermetry form H 16 (R 3 , T 1 ) see 8,9,13 . In the following we discuss several key physical aspects supposed to occur in the experiments for generating gravity-like fields. ...
Only with novel physical principles, providing the proper engineering principles for propellantless propulsion, can the limits of classical propulsion be overcome. The concept of gravitational field propulsion represents such a novel principle by the capability of building devices for the generation of gravity-like (i.e. acceleration) fields in a way similar to electromagnetism. In other words, gravity fields should be technically controllable. Since a propulsion system based on gravity-like fields has to function in empty space, it has to interact with the spacetime field itself. At present, physicists believe that there are four fundamental interactions: strong (nuclei, short range), weak (radioactive decay, short range), electromagnetic (long range), and gravitational (long range). As experience has shown over the last six decades, none of these physical interactions is suitable as a basis for novel space propulsion. Furthermore, none of the advanced physical theories, like string theory or quantum gravity, go beyond these four known interactions. On the contrary, recent results from causal dynamical triangulation simulations indicate that wormholes in spacetime do not seem to exist, and thus, even this type of exotic space travel appears to be impossible. However, there seems to be genuine evidence of novel physical phenomena, based on both new theoretical concepts as well as recent experiments that may have the potential to leading to propellantless space propulsion technology, utilizing two novel fundamental long range gravity-like fields that should be both attractive and repulsive, resulting from the interaction of electromagnetism and gravity. The theoretical concepts for the axial gravity-like field and the respective experimental realization pertaining to the physics of gravity-like fields are presented together with a derivation for the magnitude of the axial gravity-like field and, according to the equations derived, it is shown that an axial gravity-like field acting may be producible, which should be strong enough for propulsion purposes. The basic experimental setup along with respective technical requirements as well as the resulting acceleration are given. © 2011 by Sponsored by Ministry of Science State of Lower Saxony, Germany.
... (25), but depending on the specific charge and Christoffel symbols inherent to this specific physical interaction. An individual equation of motion will have the ...
r a v i t y -S u p e r c o n d u c t o rs Interaction: Theory and Experiment 2010, 269-319 269 Giovanni Modanese and Glen A. Robertson (Eds.) All rights reserved -© 20011 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Based on theoretical ideas under development since 2002, termed Extended Heim Theory (EHT), as well as experiments performed at AIT Seibersdorf, Austria since 2006, it is argued that there is evidence for the existence of novel gravity-like fields and thus also different types of matter. These gravity-like fields are not described by conventional Newtonian (Einsteinian) gravitation, i.e., by the accumulation of mass. Instead, under certain conditions, they should be producible in the laboratory by small ring or disk shaped masses rotating at cryogenic temperatures. EHT, in describing these novel fields, postulates six fundamental physical interactions, three of them of gravitational nature. The two additional gravity-like fields may be both attractive and repulsive. It is further argued, based on both EHT and experiments that these gravity-like fields are outside the known four physical fundamental forces, and may result from the conversion of electromagnetic into gravitational fields. The gravitomagnetic effect of these fields is found to be some 18 orders of magnitude larger than classical frame dragging of General Relativity. This fact seems to be in accordance with recent experiments performed at AIT Seibersdorf. A non relativistic semiclassical model will be presented as an attempt to explain the physical nature of the novel gravity-like fields. There seems to be a special phase transition, triggered at cryogenic temperatures, responsible for the conversion of electromagnetic into gravitational fields. The features of the six fundamental physical interactions are utilized to investigate the potential of the novel gravity-like fields for propulsion purposes as well as energy generation.
So far von Braun's vision on the future of space flight as expressed in his famous article in Collier's magazine of October 1952 has not come true. The reason for this failure must be sought in the underlying propulsion physics that is based on the classical reaction principle. This barrier can be overcome only by a novel physical principle leading to propellantless propulsion. The novel physics may come from a new type of field, termed gravity-like field. Since 2002, physical concepts have been published predicting the existence of additional gravity-like fields derived from conversion of electromagnetic into gravitational fields at cryogenic temperature initiated by symmetry breaking. Any propellantless propulsion system based on gravity-like fields has to function in empty space, hence it must interact with spacetime itself. Therefore, the physical system concerning the conservation of energy and momentum needs to comprise both the space vehicle and spacetime field. The reported experimental generation of gravity-like fields (since 2006) offers the possibility of engineering gravitational devices this century as feasibly as electromagnetic devices were built at the beginning of the last century.
In this paper (which is a follow up of the accompanying paper by W. Dröscher) an in depth analysis of three recent gravitomagnetic experiments is given. These experiments are unique, since there is a possibility that extreme gravitomagnetic fields outside general relativity might have been generated. The experiments were carried out in entirely different environments and are not related in any aspect, except that the effects reported are dependent on cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, completely different measurement techniques were employed. The set of three experiments comprises the two laboratory experiments by Tajmar et al., Graham et al., and the NASA-Stanford University Gravity Probe-B space experiment. The physical phenomena observed could indicate the existence of novel physics outside both general relativity and the standard model of particle physics, and also would have major implications on the standard model of cosmology.
Current space transportation systems are based on the principle of momentum conservation of classical physics. Therefore, all space vehicles need some kind of fuel for their operation. The basic physics underlying this propulsion principle severely limits the specific impulse and/or available thrust. Launch capabilities from the surface of the Earth require huge amounts of fuel. Hence, space flight, as envisaged by von Braun in the early 50s of the last century, has not been possible due to this concept. Only with novel physical principles, providing the proper engineering principles for propellantless propulsion, can these limits be overcome. The concept of gravitational field propulsion represents such a novel principle, being based on the generation of gravitational fields, not by moving extremely large masses (e.g., planets or stars) around, but by the capability of building devices providing the technology for the generation of gravity-like fields in a way similar to electromagnetism. In other words, gravity fields should be technically controllable. At present, physicists believe that there are four fundamental interactions: strong (nuclei, short range), weak (radioactive decay, short range), electromagnetic (long range), and gravitational (long range). As experience has shown over the last six decades, none of these physical interactions is suitable as a basis for novel space propulsion. Furthermore, none of the advanced physical theories, like string theory or quantum gravity, go beyond these four known interactions. On the contrary, recent results from causal dynamical triangulation simulations indicate that wormholes in spacetime do not seem to exist, and thus, even this type of exotic space travel appears to be impossible. However, there seems to be evidence of novel physical phenomena, based on both new theoretical concepts as well as recent experiments that may have the potential to leading to advanced space propulsion technology, utilizing two novel fundamental force fields. These forces are represented by two additional long range gravity-like fields that should be both attractive and repulsive, resulting from the interaction of electromagnetism and gravity. At high temperature, only ordinary matter exists. However, experiments indicate that at very low temperatures, a phase transition might occur generating nonordinary matter (e.g. virtual particles of imaginary mass), causing an interaction between electromagnetism and gravitation. Hence, additional gravity-like fields could exist that are both attractive and repulsive. Any propulsion technology, based on these novel long range fields obviously would be working without propellant. The current theoretical and experimental concepts pertaining to the novel physics of these gravity-like fields are discussed together with recent experiments of producing extreme gravitomagnetic fields performed at the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT). The fundamental theoretical concepts (termed Extended Heim Theory), EHT, are presented and employed to the explanation of these gravitomagnetic experiments. Moreover, by further applying the physical ideas of EHT, it is shown that gravity-like (acceleration) fields directed parallel to the axis of rotation of the cryogenic disk, strong enough for propulsion purposes. The experimental setup along with respective technical requirements as well as the resulting acceleration is described.
In this paper we discuss the current state of the art on the existence of gravity-like fields, which are gravitational fields that cannot be described by conventional gravitation, i.e. by the accumulation of mass. The gravitomagnetic effect of these fields is 18-20 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by classical GR frame dragging. The paper starts with an introduction to the present experimental basis for the existence of these novel gravity-like fields. The second section is dedicated to a discussion of the main physical features of a geometrized approach termed EHT (Extended Heim Theory), and to elucidate the underlying geometrization approach, extending Einstein's idea of the geometrization of physics by employing the additional concepts of Heim (1952, 1977) and Finzi (1955). As a consequence, EHT predicts, as already published in 2002, the existence of two additional gravity-like fields that can be both attractive and repulsive that is, there exist six fundamental physical interactions, of which three are of gravitational nature. In section three, all experiments are discussed that have measured gravitomagnetic or gravity-like fields (acceleration), and EHT is utilized to calculate magnitude, direction, and physical features of these fields for all those experiments. Furthermore, a comparison with measured and EHT results is performed. In particular, an analysis is presented for the recent set of experiments by Tajmar et al. (2007, 2008) utilizing a cryogenic (≤ 30 K) rotating Niobium ring as well as the recent experiments by Graham et al. (2007) employing a rotating superconducting lead disk. Emphasis is also given to the NASA-Stanford Gravity-Probe B gyro misalignment phenomenon (2007). GP-B was launched in 2004 to measuring the frame dragging effect of the Earth, as predicted by Lense and Thirring in 1918. During GP-B another anomaly was seen, namely a 10 Hz frequency shift indicating both deceleration and acceleration among the two gyro pairs. In Section four, the nature and type of the fundamental interaction(s), responsible for gravitomagnetic effects, is determined. Utilizing straightforward physical arguments it is demonstrated that none of the four known fundamental interactions can be the cause of these fields. In addition, in the meantime, the frame dragging effect was determined from the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellite data, and GR was confirmed within 5 to 10 % accuracy. Thus, the frame dragging effect is extremely small, and GR cannot be responsible for any of the observed gravitomagnetic phenomena. This holds also true for the gyro misalignment and the frequency shift in the GP-B experiment. The GP-B team did a careful analysis of all physical effects that might have been responsible for the misalignment, e.g. electrostatic forces between the gyro housing and the gyro surfaces, but it seems that the phenomenon cannot be resolved completely. According to EHT, a substantial part of the observed gyro anomaly should be due to the action of the two additional predicted gravity-like fields. Therefore, there should still be room for the gyro misalignment effect of gravito-magnetic fields. In Section five, based on the results of EHT, a novel experiment for the generation of a vertical gravity-like field is presented that might serve as propulsion principle, depending, however, on the physical nature of gravity-like fields. In the Conclusions section the validity of the experiments is discussed along with the state of the physical model. The major consequences of gravity-like fields in the general area of technology (transportation), physics, and cosmology are outlined. Finally, recommendations are made to advancing the state of gravitomagnetic research, and to the possibility of developing fundamentally new technologies.
It is well known that a rotating superconductor produces a magnetic field proportional to its angular velocity. The authors conjectured earlier, that in addition to this so-called London moment, also a large gravitomagnetic field should appear to explain an apparent mass increase of Niobium Cooper-pairs. This phenomenon was indeed observed and induced acceleration fields outside the superconductor in the order of about 10^-4 g were found. The field appears to be directly proportional to the applied angular acceleration of the superconductor following our theoretical motivations. If confirmed, a gravitomagnetic field of measurable magnitude was produced for the first time in a laboratory environment. These results may open up a new experimental window on testing general relativity and its consequences using coherent matter.
We evaluate the local contribution g_[mu nu]L of coherent matter with lagrangian density L to the vacuum energy density. Focusing on the case of superconductors obeying the Ginzburg-Landau equation, we express the relativistic invariant density L in terms of low-energy quantities containing the pairs density. We discuss under which physical conditions the sign of the local contribution of the collective wave function to the vacuum energy density is positive or negative. Effects of this kind can play an important role in bringing about local changes in the amplitude of gravitational vacuum fluctuations - a phenomenon reminiscent of the Casimir effect in QED. Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages. Final journal version
Precision fiber optic gyroscopes were mounted mechanically de-coupled above spinning rings inside a cryostat. Below a critical temperature (typically <30 K), the gyroscopes measure a significant deviation from their usual offset due to Earth's rotation. This deviation is proportional to the applied angular ring velocity with maximum signals towards lower temperatures. The anomalous gyroscope signal is about 8 orders of magnitude smaller then the applied angular ring velocity, compensating about one third of the Earth rotation offset at an angular top speed of 420 rad/s. Moreover, our data shows a parity violation as the effect appears to be dominant for rotation against the Earth's spin. No systematic effect was found to explain this effect including the magnetic environment, vibration and helium gas friction suggesting that our observation is a new low temperature phenomenon. Tests in various configurations suggest that the rotating low temperature helium may be the source of our anomalous signals.
Using the new generation Earth’s gravity field models EIGEN-2S, GGM01S and EIGEN-GRACE02S generated by the space missions CHAMP and GRACE, we have obtained an accurate measurement of the Lense–Thirring effect with the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites analyzing about 10 years of data with the EIGEN-2S and GGM01S models and about 11 years of data with EIGEN-GRACE02S. This new analysis is in agreement with our previous measurements of the Lense–Thirring effect using the LAGEOS satellites and obtained with the JGM-3 and EGM96 Earth’s models. However, the new determinations are more accurate and, especially, more robust than our previous measurements. In the present analysis we are only using the nodal rates of the two satellites, making no use of the perigee rate, as in our previous analyses. The perigee is affected by a number of non-gravitational perturbations difficult to be modelled and whose impact in the total error budget is not easy to assess. Using the EIGEN-2S model, we obtain a total error budget between 18% and 36% of the Lense–Thirring effect due to all the error sources. Specifically, by using EIGEN-2S, we obtain: μ=0.85, with a total error between ±0.18 and ±0.36, with GGM01S we get μ=1.06 with a total error between ±0.19 and ±0.24 and with EIGEN-GRACE02S we obtain μ=0.99, with a total error between ±0.05 and ±0.1, i.e., between 5% and 10% of the general relativistic predicted value of the Lense–Thirring effect. In addition to the analyses using EIGEN-2S, GGM01S and EIGEN-GRACE02S without the use of the perigee, we have also performed an analysis using the older model EGM96 with our previous method of combining the nodes of the LAGEOS satellites with the perigee of LAGEOS II. However, this analysis was performed over a period of about 10 years, i.e. about 2.5 times longer than any our previous analysis. The result using EGM96 over this longer period of observation agrees with our previous results over much shorter periods and with the EIGEN-2S, GGM01S and EIGEN-GRACE02S measurements of μ. In addition to the accurate determination of frame-dragging and in agreement with our previous analyses of the orbits of the LAGEOS satellites, we have observed, since 1998, an anomalous change in the Earth quadrupole coefficient, J2 which agrees with recent findings of other authors. This anomalous variation of J2 is accurately observed both on the node of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II and it is independent of the model used, i.e., it is observed by using the model EGM96 or by using EIGEN-2S, GGM01S or EIGEN-GRACE02S. However, this anomalous variation of the Earth quadrupole coefficient does not affect at all our determination of the Lense–Thirring effect thanks to the total elimination of the J2-induced errors with our especially devised estimation technique.
Scientists have long dreamed of harnessing nuclear fusion—the power supply. Even as a historic milestone nears, skeptics question whether plant of the stars—for a safe, clean and virtually unlimited energy a working reactor will ever be possible
It is well known that a rotating superconductor produces a magnetic field proportional to its angular velocity. The authors conjectured earlier, that in addition to this so‐called London moment, also a large gravitomagnetic field should appear to explain an apparent mass increase of Niobium Cooper‐pairs. A similar field is predicted from Einstein’s general relativity
theory and the presently observed amount of dark energy in the universe. An experimental facility was designed and built to measure small acceleration fields as well as gravitomagnetic fields in the vicinity of a fast rotating and accelerating
superconductor in order to detect this so‐called gravitomagnetic London moment. This paper summarizes the efforts and results that have been obtained so far. Measurements with Niobium
superconductors indeed show first signs which appear to be within a factor of 2 of our theoretical prediction. Possible error sources as well as the experimental difficulties are reviewed and discussed. If the gravitomagnetic London moment indeed exists, acceleration fields could be produced in a laboratory environment.
Dröscher: Coupled Gravitational Fields A New Paradigm for Propulsion Science
- J Hauser
- W Aiaa
- Asme
- Sae
- Ase
Hauser, J., W. Dröscher: Coupled Gravitational Fields A New Paradigm for Propulsion Science, AIAA 2010-021-NFF-1,
46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASE, Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Nashville, Tennessee, 25-28 July 2010, 15 pp.
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