... A long row of large-sample studies from many western countries have consistently shown that young adults with a childhood history of foster care or involvement with child welfare authorities have high risks for a multitude of problems, compared to peers. Examples are low educational attainment (Jackson & Cameron, 2011;Pecora et al., 2006;Vinnerljung, Öman, & Gunnarson, 2005), criminality (Doyle, 2008;Mersky & Janczewski, 2013;Vinnerljung, Berlin, & Hjern, 2010), substance abuse (Christoffersen & Soothill, 2003;von Borczykowski, Vinnerljung, & Hjern, 2013), premature death (Hjern, Vinnerljung, & Lindblad, 2004;Kalland, Pensola, Meriläinen, & Sinkk, 2001), and suicidal behavior (Berlin, Vinnerljung, & Hjern, 2011;Vinnerljung, Hjern, & Lindblad, 2006). The rates of health problems, especially in the area of psychiatric morbidity, are extreme when compared to majority population peers (Anctil, McCubbin, O'Brien, Pecora, & Anderson-Harumi, 2007;Vinnerljung & Hjern, 2014;Vinnerljung & Sallnäs, 2008;Vinnerljung et al., 2006Vinnerljung et al., , 2010Zlotnick, Tam, & Soman, 2012). ...