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Medicinal and therapeutic potential of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL CONTEXT: This review explores the medicinal and therapeutic applications of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in curtailing different types of acute as well as chronic maladies. The plant is being used in different parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal properties.
Sea buckthorn based preparations have been extensively exploited in folklore treatment of slow digestion, stomach malfunctioning, cardiovascular problems, liver injury, tendon and ligament injuries, skin diseases and ulcers. In the recent years, medicinal and pharmacological activities of Sea buckthorn have been well investigated using various in vitro and in vivo models as well as limited clinical trials.
Sea buckthorn has been scientifically analyzed and many of its traditional uses have been established using several biochemical and pharmacological studies. Various pharmacological activities such as cytoprotective, anti-stress, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, anti-atherogenic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and tissue regeneration have been reported.
It is clear that Sea buckthorn is an important plant because of its immense medicinal and therapeutic potential. However, several knowledge gaps identified in this paper would give impetus to new academic and R&D activities especially for the development of Sea buckthorn based herbal medicine and nutraceuticals.
... Hippophaë rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) is widely distributed in Europe and Asia. Its berries, also known as seaberry or Siberian pineapple, contain bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, triterpenoids, phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, fatty acids and vitamin C) with various health benefits [3,15,31,37,46]. In addition, the berries have been traditionally used to cure numerous ailments [31,37,46]. ...
... Its berries, also known as seaberry or Siberian pineapple, contain bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, triterpenoids, phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, fatty acids and vitamin C) with various health benefits [3,15,31,37,46]. In addition, the berries have been traditionally used to cure numerous ailments [31,37,46]. In the Indian Himalayan region and Russia, people used the berries for the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases (skin and gastrointestinal diseases, asthma) [31,46]. ...
... In addition, the berries have been traditionally used to cure numerous ailments [31,37,46]. In the Indian Himalayan region and Russia, people used the berries for the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases (skin and gastrointestinal diseases, asthma) [31,46]. According to the Chinese medicinal literature, the berries are effective in various pathological conditions, including inflammation [31]. ...
... Anti-inflammatory activity (155)(156)(157) Hepatoprotective activity (158)(159)(160)(161)(162) Adaptogenic properties (162)(163)(164) Improve cardiovascular health and manage metabolic issues related to obesity and insulin resistance (162,(165)(166)(167)(168) Potent antimicrobial and anti-viral activity against Influenza, Herpes viruses, HIV, Dengue (169,170) Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (171) ...
... Anti-inflammatory activity (155)(156)(157) Hepatoprotective activity (158)(159)(160)(161)(162) Adaptogenic properties (162)(163)(164) Improve cardiovascular health and manage metabolic issues related to obesity and insulin resistance (162,(165)(166)(167)(168) Potent antimicrobial and anti-viral activity against Influenza, Herpes viruses, HIV, Dengue (169,170) Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (171) ...
... Anti-inflammatory activity (155)(156)(157) Hepatoprotective activity (158)(159)(160)(161)(162) Adaptogenic properties (162)(163)(164) Improve cardiovascular health and manage metabolic issues related to obesity and insulin resistance (162,(165)(166)(167)(168) Potent antimicrobial and anti-viral activity against Influenza, Herpes viruses, HIV, Dengue (169,170) Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (171) ...
In the last decades, the world population and demand for any kind of product have grown exponentially. The rhythm of production to satisfy the request of the population has become unsustainable and the concept of the linear economy, introduced after the Industrial Revolution, has been replaced by a new economic approach, the circular economy. In this new economic model, the concept of “the end of life” is substituted by the concept of restoration, providing a new life to many industrial wastes. Leaves are a by-product of several agricultural cultivations. In recent years, the scientific interest regarding leaf biochemical composition grew, recording that plant leaves may be considered an alternative source of bioactive substances. Plant leaves’ main bioactive compounds are similar to those in fruits, i.e., phenolic acids and esters, flavonols, anthocyanins, and procyanidins. Bioactive compounds can positively influence human health; in fact, it is no coincidence that the leaves were used by our ancestors as a natural remedy for various pathological conditions. Therefore, leaves can be exploited to manufacture many products in food (e.g., being incorporated in food formulations as natural antioxidants, or used to create edible coatings or films for food packaging), cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., promising ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics such as oils, serums, dermatological creams, bath gels, and other products). This review focuses on the leaves’ main bioactive compounds and their beneficial health effects, indicating their applications until today to enhance them as a harvesting by-product and highlight their possible reuse for new potential healthy products.
... In addition to its renal benefits, P. muellerianus has been recognized for its hepatoprotective properties. Suryakumar and Gupta (2011) illustrated this in their study, where they reported that the aqueous extract effectively protected against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The protective effects were evidenced by significant reductions in serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), enzymes commonly elevated during liver damage (Suryakumar and Gupta, 2011). ...
... Suryakumar and Gupta (2011) illustrated this in their study, where they reported that the aqueous extract effectively protected against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The protective effects were evidenced by significant reductions in serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), enzymes commonly elevated during liver damage (Suryakumar and Gupta, 2011). In a related study, Dalla-Bona et al. (2015) found that the methanolic extract of P. muellerianus also demonstrated hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity, suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic agent for liver-related ailments (Dalla-Bona et al., 2015). ...
The histopathological evaluation of kidney, liver, and heart tissues was conducted to investigate the protective and toxicological effects of aqueous and ethanolic root extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus in rats administered letrozole (LTZ). LTZ-induced damage was characterized by hemorrhagic changes, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney, liver, and heart tissues. Treatment with 30 mg/kg body weight of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed marked restoration of normal histological features, particularly in the kidney and heart, with reduced cellular degeneration and inflammation. However, higher doses (60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg) exhibited variable outcomes, including focal necrosis, hemorrhagic lesions, and inflammatory aggregates, particularly in the liver and kidney tissues. These findings highlight the dose-dependent therapeutic and toxicological effects of P. muellerianus root extracts, with lower doses demonstrating significant protective potential against LTZ-induced organ damage. The study underscores the importance of dose optimization in harnessing the therapeutic benefits of P. muellerianus while minimizing potential toxicities. Further research is recommended to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and their implications for clinical application.
... Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity of preparations obtained from various organs of sea buckthorn indicate that this plant may be a source of chemical compounds with anticancer activity, antiulcer and hepatoprotective effects, as well as antibacterial and antiviral properties (1). The biological activity of these preparations may result from the presence of vitamins, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, carotenoids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, micro-and macroelements (3,4,5). It is assumed that sea buckthorn could contribute to alleviating disease symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (6). ...
... Studies conducted on rats have proven that the alcoholic extract of sea buckthorn fruit, due to a rich content of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols, reduces oxidative stress. Moreover, it reduces oxidative damage in the liver and heart caused by the presence of nicotine, which is why sea buckthorn is an ideal element of the daily diet of cigarette smokers (4). Alcoholic sea buckthorn extract also contains ursolic acid, which belongs to the group of terpenes. ...
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has many beneficial health properties. In our previous study we showed suppression of hyperglycaemia, water intake, decreased sorbitol levels in the lens of the eyes after sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) treatment in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) with better antioxidant properties of dried berries. Afterwards, we decided to compare the effects of metformin (150 mg/kg b.wt.) and sea buckthorn dried berries (500 or 1000 mg/kg b.wt.) or leaves infusion per os administration on the liver histology in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Moreover, following biochemical parameters in the blood serum were determined: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, cholesterol and triglycerides. The histological analyses revealed the appearance of lipid droplets within the liver tissue of diabetic ZDF rats which were not observed in the non-diabetic control animals. Administration of both metformin and sea buckthorn caused a decrease in the number of lipid droplets in the liver. In ZDF rats, an increase in AST, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood serum was noticed. In comparison with diabetic animals, metformin and sea buckthorn administration did not change the biochemical parameters but only a tendency to reduce some biochemical parameters was noticed. The obtained results suggest that sea buckthorn dried fruits as well as leaves infusion may have biological potential to be used in prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Next studies are needed to analyse the exact mechanism of action, develop and promote sea buckthorn berries as a functional food or natural therapeutical products.
... Its bioactive phytochemical compounds possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-atherogenic, and radioprotective properties (Shah et al., 2021). Sea buckthorn fruit oil contains an average of 35% palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) (Suryakumar & Gupta, 2011). Sea buckthorn oil is rich in antioxidant compounds such as vitamins A and E, sterols, and flavonoids . ...
... Sea buckthorn oil is rich in antioxidant compounds such as vitamins A and E, sterols, and flavonoids . It has been used in traditional medicine in Eastern Europe and Asia for the treatment of asthma, circulatory disorders, and other conditions (Suryakumar & Gupta, 2011;Zadernowski et al., 1997). Seed oil contains high concentrations of tocopherols (140 mg/100 ml), 1% phytosterols, and small amounts of tocotrienols (Yang & Kallio, 2001). ...
... antioxidants • collagen • diabetic wounds • oxidative stress • sea buckthorn leaf • wound • wound care • wound dressing • wound healing oriental traditional system of medicine owing to its vast range of health benefits for humans, such as treatment of asthma, skin diseases, gastric ulcers and lung disorders. 10,11 Systematic scientific studies have shown that SBT leaf aqueous lyophilised extract (SBTL-ALE) possesses significant antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, radioprotective and adaptogenic properties. [12][13][14][15][16] Phytochemical characterisation of SBTL-ALE was previously performed in the author's laboratory and it was found to be rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. ...
... In recent years, the medicinal and healing activities of SBT have been explored in different experimental in vivo models and limited clinical trials. 10,31 The findings of the present study indicated that SBTL-ALE accelerated significant wound healing activity in experimental diabetic rats. Topical treatment with SBTL-ALE significantly increased cellular proliferation, migration (TGF-β1), wound area contraction (α-SM actin), faster epithelial closure and increased collagen levels in diabetic rats. ...
Objective
The present investigation was undertaken to determine the healing efficacy of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn (SBT)) leaf aqueous lyophilised extract (SBTL-ALE) on a diabetic wound model in rats. The effect of SBTL-ALE was also evaluated on human epithelial cell lines (A431) by using in vitro wound closure and transwell migration assays.
Method
A total of four full-thickness excision-type wounds were created on the dorsal surface of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into two groups: control rats treated with soft white petroleum jelly and experimental rats treated with SBTL-ALE (5.0%, weight/weight) ointment applied topically, twice daily for seven days.
Results
SBTL-ALE significantly (p<0.05) accelerated the migration of epithelial cells in in vitro wound closure and transwell migration assays. Further, SBTL-ALE augmented the healing process by significantly (p<0.05) enhanced wound area contraction, faster complete epithelial closure, increased hydroxyproline (collagen) and hexosamine levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological findings confirmed the healing potential of SBTL-ALE. Immunohistochemical analyses showed increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and α-smooth muscle actin in SBTL-ALE-treated wounds of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels increased, whereas reactive oxygen levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in SBTL-ALE-treated wounds compared to diabetic controls, which conferred redox homeostasis.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that SBTL-ALE accelerated transdermal wound healing in diabetic rats by increasing the rate of wound contraction, enhancing levels of collagen, hexosamine and endogenous antioxidants, and reducing oxidative stress.
... Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an ecologically and economically important, windpollinated, low-demanding, dioecious, thorny, and winter-hardy tree. It contains high amounts of vitamins, high omega-7 fatty acids, at a 1:1 ratio of omega-3: omega-6 (linolenic and linoleic acid), bioactive compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, phyto-sterols (β-sitosterol as the main component), β -carotene (as a quality indicator), and some protein (Bekker and Glushenkova 2001;Khan et al. 2010;Suryakumar and Gupta 2011;Zielinska and Nowak 2017;Criste et al. 2020;Liu et al. 2022;Roman et al. 2022, Chen et al. 2023. ...
... Natural nutrients do not leave residues without causing pathology in the stomach, intestinal system, and metabolism with the sugar-derived substances they contain, and they also play a role in eliminating harmful substances. However, having no significant differences in the liver and GIT tissues from the histopathological examinations may demonstrate that SBO has a modulatory impact (Suryakumar and Gupta 2011) and may be considered evidence that, due to having many sugar acids and sugar derivatives, SBO did not leave residue or show any toxic side effects (Ma et al. 2022). Therefore, it was thought that the digestive enzymes might work more effectively and contribute to the intestinal microbiota through the sugar derivatives they contain, which might also be the reason for the higher growth performance of the fish. ...
In this study, sea buckthorn oil (SBO) was added to rainbow trout fish diets at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% rates in order to determine the effects on growth, feed conversion rate, survival rate, fillet quality, and physiological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The experiment was designed in four groups with three replicates each including 20 fish with 18 ± 3 g and lasted for 45 days. Fish were fed three times a day and weighed biweekly. At the end of the experiment, significant differences were determined with respect to specific growth rates (SGR), weight gains (WG), and feed conversion ratios (FCR) (P < 0.05), except for survival ratios (SR) (P > 0.05). Sea buckthorn oil improved fish fillet quality and weight gain rates by up to 27% compared to control. The pepsin, amylase, lipase, and trypsin enzyme activities differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those of the control group. Serum lysozyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) levels differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the 0.5% and 1% groups compared to the control group, except for the 0.25% group. Liver catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly differed in all groups, especially in the 0.5% and 1% groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). SBO supplementation to feed caused significant changes in the FA profiles, especially 18:00 in ∑SFA; 16:1 in ∑MUFA; 20:5n-3 and 20:2n-6 in ΣPUFA; 20:5n-3 in ∑n-3; and 20:2n-6 in ∑n-6 in rainbow trout (P < 0.05). There were no histopathological changes between the control and the experimental groups. The determined data suggested that 1% SBO may be successfully used as a feed additive in rainbow trout.
... Sea buckthorn is a plant that for centuries has been used as a medicinal raw material, a nutritional product, and a natural skin care agent. Sea buckthorn in the form of infusions has been used externally in skin diseases, for burns, for dry skin, and as a softening cosmetic agent; its oil added to cream has been applied as a radiation protective agent [12]. Currently, sea buckthorn is gaining importance as an active ingredient of pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals [12][13][14]. ...
... Sea buckthorn in the form of infusions has been used externally in skin diseases, for burns, for dry skin, and as a softening cosmetic agent; its oil added to cream has been applied as a radiation protective agent [12]. Currently, sea buckthorn is gaining importance as an active ingredient of pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals [12][13][14]. The beneficial effects of sea buckthorn fruit extract on skin have been reported [14,15]. ...
New active ingredients, including those of plant origin, which could protect the skin against various harmful factors, such as UV radiation and free radicals responsible for skin ageing, are still being sought. The present study was focused on the antioxidant activity of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. and Vaccinium oxycoccos L. fruit glycolic extracts. Investigations were also carried out to evaluate the effect of UVA radiation and the storage of the sea buckthorn and European cranberry extracts at an elevated temperature of 50 °C on their interactions with free radicals. The kinetics of the interactions of the extracts with DPPH were assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The sea buckthorn and European cranberry extracts quench the EPR signal of DPPH free radicals, which indicates their antioxidant potential. The EPR method further showed that a mixture of sea buckthorn and cranberry extracts in a volume ratio of 2:1 was more potent in quenching free radicals compared to a mixture of these extracts in a ratio of 1:2. Our findings demonstrate that long-term UVA radiation exposure reduces the ability of sea buckthorn and cranberry extracts to interact with free radicals. Moreover, storage at elevated temperatures does not affect the interaction of sea buckthorn extract with free radicals, while it alters the ability of cranberry extract to interact with free radicals. This study has demonstrated that an important factor in maintaining the ability to scavenge radicals is the storage of raw materials under appropriate conditions. H. rhamnoides and V. oxycoccos extracts can be used as valuable raw materials with antioxidant properties in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
... Sea bukthorn has long been used in animal nutrition as an additive to feed mixtures for its favourable effects on animal health. Ancient Greeks used leaves and twigs of sea buckthorn for feeding animals, with a positive effect on the weight gain (Suryakumar and Gupta 2011). In previous animal experiments, dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn has been shown to improve the growth performance of broilers and pigs (Liu et al. 2008;Chen et al. 2011). ...
... In previous animal experiments, dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn has been shown to improve the growth performance of broilers and pigs (Liu et al. 2008;Chen et al. 2011). Suryakumar and Gupta (2011) showed a positive effect on the quality of farm animal products. Ma et al. (2015) reported a significant enhancement in broilers performance after supplementation of flavonoids of H. rhamnoides fruits in broilers diet. ...
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of sea buckthorn meal alone and in combination with bilberry leaves on growth performance, health status and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 90 healthy 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups and housed in digestibility cages under controlled environmental conditions. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (T0), a basal diet +1% sea buckthorn meal (T1) and a basal diet + 1% sea buckthorn meal and bilberry leaves (T2). The results showed that experimental diets did not influenced the growth performance. At 42 d, T2 had the highest serum iron level among the three groups. Compared to T0, T1 and T2 significantly reduced Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli and staphylococci in the cecal and intestinal contents and improved the lactobacilli populations number. The most effective way to reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the cecal content was through the diet that contained sea buckthorn meal alone. In conclusion, adding sea buckthorn meal in the diet of broiler chickens can be an effective solution to promote a healthy gut microflora. This aligns with the current strategy of reducing agro-industrial food waste by repurposing it in other industries.
... This modification is characterized by an enhanced butyrate concentration, which consequently stimulates the development of rumen papillae. SBP contains a significant amount of acidic substances, such as malic acid, citric acid, quinic acid, and tartaric acid, which are the primary factors contributing to the reduction in rumen fluid pH (28,29). The pH of the ruminal fluid in this experiment ranged from 6.59 to 6.89, which is within the normal range. ...
Sea buckthorn pomace (SBP), a by-product derived from sea buckthorn fruit, is rich in nutrients and contains multiple pharmacologically active compounds. Consequently, SBP has the potential to serve as an alternative feed source for ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SBP supplementation on organ weight, rumen development, intramuscular fatty acid composition, and antioxidant capacity in weaned lambs. Forty weaned Duper × Small-tailed Han lambs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets included 0% SBP (control), 8% SBP, 16% SBP, and 24% SBP, which were administered over an 80-day period. The results revealed that organ weight increased linearly with SBP supplementation, with the 16% SBP group demonstrating the highest weight gain (p < 0.05). Rumen and small intestine deposition exhibited a quadratic response, while omental fat accumulation was significantly greater in the SBP-supplemented groups compared to the control (p = 0.01). Additionally, rumen papilla length, width, and keratin layer thickness were positively influenced by SBP supplementation (p = 0.01). In rumen fluid, acetate, propionate, total volatile fatty acids, and acetate/propionate ratio showed a linear increase with SBP supplementation, whereas rumen pH displayed an inverse trend (p < 0.05). Marbling in longissimus dorsi improved in the SBP group along with enhanced meat quality parameters such as saturated fatty acid (TSFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (TMUFA), and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (TPUFA), indicating that meat from lambs fed with 16% SBP was more tender and of better quality (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SBP also increased the antioxidant capacity of muscle tissue (p < 0.05). The above results indicate that adding SBP at a level of 16% in weaned lambs’ diets can enhance organ weight, promote ruminal development, improve meat quality, and provide antioxidant benefits. SBP can be included at up to 24% in weaned lambs’ diets without negative effects.
... Hippophae rhamnoides L., commonly known as sea buckthorn (SB), is a deciduous, thorny shrub widely cultivated in Europe and Asia, as well as in Canada [8]. Various parts of SB have been traditionally used in medicine across different cultures due to their extensive pharmacological properties [9,10]. The plant is known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities [11]. ...
Bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illnesses. Natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, such as tannins, can inhibit bacterial growth and enhance food safety. Peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall, is essential for bacterial growth, making penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in its peptidoglycan synthesis pathway a promising target for antibacterial strategies. Hippophaenin-A, a tannin from Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn), was analyzed through computer simulations to investigate its inhibitory effects on eight PBPs from Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella typhimurium . Phylogenetic analysis of PBP sequences was conducted using MEGA 11.0. 3D models of PBPs were obtained from the AlphaFold2 Protein Structure Database and validated. Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina assessed the binding affinity and interactions of hippophaenin-A and chloramphenicol in PBP active sites. Molecular dynamics simulations (50 ns) were performed for top docking complexes and native PBPs of foodborne pathogens. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity (ADME/T) properties of hippophaenin-A were also evaluated. Hippophaenin-A e binding affinities of -9.4, and − 9.3 kcal/mol with the transpeptidase and transglycosylase catalytic sites of Salmonella typhimurium PBP1B, and Bacillus cereus PBP3, respectively, surpassing the positive control. These findings suggest its antibacterial activity may result from PBP inhibition. Additionally, it displayed favorable physicochemical and ADME properties, with toxicity predictions indicating no safety concerns for consumers. Further studies on hippophaenin-A could provide valuable insights for developing it as a natural antibacterial agent for food preservation.
... Furthermore, Hippophae species are rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, with significant medicinal and economic value, widely used in the production of food, medicine, and cosmetics [19,20]. Its fruits and leaves are rich in antioxidants, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cardiovascular protective effects [19,21]. Currently, genomic studies on H. salicifolia have only completed the sequencing and analysis of its complete chloroplast genome [22], while its complete nuclear and mitochondrial genomes remain unresolved, limiting our understanding of the genetic characteristics and adaptive evolution of this species. ...
This study reports the first complete mitochondrial genome assembly of Hippophae salicifolia, an ecologically and economically important plant endemic to the Himalayas. The 475,105 bp genome has a 44.80% GC content and an overall AT bias, comprising 74 genes (37 protein-coding, 31 tRNA, three rRNA, and three pseudogenes). We identified extensive repetitive elements, including 188 SSRs, 20 tandem repeats, and 455 dispersed repeats, and explored their potential roles in genome evolution. Codon usage analysis showed a bias for codons ending in A or U, while RNA editing analysis revealed 415 sites that mostly convert hydrophilic to hydrophobic amino acids. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses clarified evolutionary relationships within Hippophae and uncovered genome rearrangements. In addition, extensive gene transfer was detected between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Ka/Ks and nucleotide diversity analyses indicate that most genes are under purifying selection, with some possibly undergoing positive selection. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the structural and evolutionary features of the H. salicifolia mitochondrial genome and provide valuable insights for the genetic improvement and conservation of Hippophae species.
... Additionally, SB juice, containing high levels of vitamin C and polyphenols, was found to enhance mood and mental performance in healthy young adults [17]. However, care should be taken when using SB supplements, as they may interact with medications like antidepressants or blood thinners, potentially increasing the risk of side effects [50,51]. ...
Sea buckthorn (SB) offers remarkable health benefits through the synergistic actions of its bioactive compounds. High levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and flavonoids enhance neurogenesis, reduce neuroinflammation and support collagen synthesis. This synergy extends to gut health, fostering beneficial bacteria and reducing oxidative stress. SB’s balanced profile of essential fatty acids further amplifies the bioavailability and effectiveness of fat-soluble vitamins. Omega-7, for example, works in concert with vitamin E to promote skin regeneration and reduce oxidative damage, while omega-3 and omega-6 modulate inflammatory responses and enhance the antioxidant functions of vitamins A and E. Rich in antioxidants like polyphenols and lycopene, SB combats oxidative damage and supports cardiovascular health, solidifying its status as a functional superfood.
... The mucilage and oils found in sea buckthorn can help soothe the mucous membranes in the digestive tract, thus aiding in the treatment of ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders (Suryakumar, et al. 2011). ...
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... Seabuckthorn, a plant in the Hoodiaceae family, has received worldwide attention in recent years for its potential medicinal and nutritional value. Its nutritional and bioactive substances mainly include flavonoids, β-carotene, essential amino acids and so on, which have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and anticancer activities 20 . Flavonoids contained in seabuckthorn have been shown to prevent common neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neural-related signaling pathways 21 . ...
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is known for its medicinal properties in treating various diseases, including neurological conditions. However, the therapeutic effect of inhaled seabuckthorn seed oil (SSO) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains not fully understood. This study explores the effects of nebulized inhalation of SSO in 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice over 21 days. The results showed that nebulized SSO improved memory and cognition. Using 7.0T MRI to monitor blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals revealed that SSO altered the Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) and Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) signaling such as in the amygdala and substantia innominate, and hippocampus. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and pathological analyses indicated reduced neuroinflammation in plasma and brain, decreased neuronal necrosis, lower β-amyloid (Aβ) protein levels, reduced amyloid deposition, and increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Additionally, SSO promoted gut microbiota remodeling by increasing alpha diversity and boosting levels of probiotics such as Verrucomicrobia, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Akkermansia, without adverse effects on lung tissue. Nebulized inhalation of SSO may slow AD progression by modulating inflammation and amyloid deposition. Nebulized inhalation offered a potential method for enhancing drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier with reduced systemic side effects.
... Hippophae is a Latin word derived from the two words "hippo" meaning-horse and "phaos" meaning-sparkle. In ancient times, the leaves and twigs of Hippophae were known as a feed to racehorses for weight gain and sparkling coat; therefore, its name is Hippophae (Suryakumar and Gupta 2011). In India, Hippophae spp. ...
... In addition, the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of H. gyantsensis are rich in flavonoids, vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and other bioactive substances. They have significant nutritional and medicinal value and can be used to treat diseases such as coronary heart disease and tumors, with broad applications in medicine and health products [6][7][8]. ...
Hippophae gyantsensis is a dioecious plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is significant for ecological restoration and sand stabilization. Its fruit is rich in bioactive compounds that offer economic potential. However, the inability to distinguish sexes before flowering and prolonged maturation hinder breeding and cultivation. We performed whole-genome resequencing on male and female plants, identified large insertion/deletion (InDel) variants, and developed two sex-specific primers (Higy_04 and Higy_06). These primers enable rapid, accurate PCR-based sex identification. All sex-specific sites were located on chromosome 2, suggesting its potential role as the sex chromosome. Additionally, we found a 1:1 sex ratio among offspring from the same mother plant, consistent with Mendelian inheritance, indicating that sex segregation is mainly genetically controlled. This work lays the foundation for developing molecular markers applicable across the entire genus Hippophae and contributes to understanding sex chromosome formation and adaptive evolution within the genus.
... Members of the Elaeagnaceae family thrive in deep sandy loam soil that is well-drained and rich in organic material. Berries, bark, and leaves are reported to contain many active substances, as well as various health-promoting activities, such as anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities [163,164]. ...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a silent threat to human health, with prevalence rising at an alarming rate. The treatment and prevention of NAFLD depend on novel approaches as no effective treatment options are currently available. Berries are unique sources of phenolic compounds that have proven roles in disease prevention and health promotion. However, a comprehensive review of the effects of different berries on NAFLD and related pathologies is lacking. Thus, the present review aims to summarize the effects of berry extracts, plant parts, and bioactive compounds from twenty-one different berries on NAFLD. The molecular mechanisms involved include the regulation of lipid homeostasis, modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and activation of different signaling pathways in different in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. Furthermore, their modulatory effects on the gut microbiota have also been highlighted. Clinical intervention research on the benefits of berries in NAFLD is limited; nonetheless, this paper discusses clinical studies demonstrating the effects of different berries in people with NAFLD. Future research should focus on long-term clinical studies to compare the therapeutic potentials of different berries against NAFLD.
... The weight gain and shiny coat of animals, particularly horses, were positively impacted by the ancient Greeks' use of sea buckthorn leaves and twigs as feed (Suryakumar and Gupta, 2011). ...
Recently, sea buckthorn (Hippophaė rhamnoides L.), an ancient crop with contemporary benefits, has drawn attention from all over the world due to its nutritional and therapeutic value. The berries contain a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as vitamins, fatty acids, free amino acids, and elemental components. There are several distinct bioactive chemicals found in the entire sea buckthorn plant, particularly in its berries. Sea buckthorn's anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties make it valuable. The plant is used in both human and animal nutrition because of these and other benefits, in the latter instance, it raises the biological value of animal products.
... This may increase the levels of the anti-depressant in your blood and cause side effects or toxicity. 24 Sea buckthorn may also lower blood pressure and increase the risk of bleeding, which may be problematic for people who take anti-depressants that have similar effects. ...
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a plant with various nutritional and medicinal properties. It contains vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and phytosterols, which have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, dermatological, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Sea buckthorn can be used as a functional food or a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn, and highlights the potential and challenges for its further development and utilization. Sea buckthorn not only has greatmedicinal and therapeutic potential, but also is a promising economic plant. The potential of seabuckthorn in the human food industry has attracted the research interest of researchers and producers. The present review mainly summarizes the phytochemistry, nutrients, health benefits, andfood applications of sea buckthorn. Overall, sea buckthorn is a dietary source of bioactive ingredients with the potential to be developed into functional foods or dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of certain chronic diseases, which deserves further research.
... Traditional products from the Sea Buckthorn berries include juices, liqueurs, wine, jams, candy, and ice-cream. However, the berry's unique chemical and nutritional composition has offered economic potential as a health food (Krejcarová, 2015, Suryakumar andGupta, 2011). Sea Buckthorn oil contains a large amount of fatty acids, liposoluble vitamins and sterols, and are considered the most valuable part of the berries (Cenkowski et al., 2006;Górnaś et al., 2016). ...
This paper aims to assess the viability of usingn novel oil extraction methods for Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) although extensively used for oil extraction in other countries, is not commercially used in Romania at the moment. Cost constraints, as well as the ease of us, more established methods such as solvent extraction and cold pressing have delayed the implementation of such technologies. Three oil sources were investigated: oils extracted from dry berries using SCFE and cold pressing, and oil extracted from draff (residues after juice extraction) using SCFE. The oils have been analyzed using a HPLC unit, and their carotenoid levels were compared. The results show a slight variation in the carotenoid composition in relation to the extraction methods. This suggests that the SCFE method is viable to be used for large scale Sea Buckthorn oil production.
... Traditional products from the Sea Buckthorn berries include juices, liqueurs, wine, jams, candy, and ice-cream. However, the berry's unique chemical and nutritional composition has offered economic potential as a health food (Krejcarová, 2015, Suryakumar andGupta, 2011). Sea Buckthorn oil contains a large amount of fatty acids, liposoluble vitamins and sterols, and are considered the most valuable part of the berries (Cenkowski et al., 2006;Górnaś et al., 2016). ...
This paper aims to assess the viability of usingn novel oil extraction methods for Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) although extensively used for oil extraction in other countries, is not commercially used in Romania at the moment. Cost constraints, as well as the ease of us, more established methods such as solvent extraction and cold pressing have delayed the implementation of such technologies. Three oil sources were investigated: oils extracted from dry berries using SCFE and cold pressing, and oil extracted from draff (residues after juice extraction) using SCFE. The oils have been analyzed using a HPLC unit, and their carotenoid levels were compared. The results show a slight variation in the carotenoid composition in relation to the extraction methods. This suggests that the SCFE method is viable to be used for large scale Sea Buckthorn oil production.
... As per the records available, the seabuckthorn has been used in the Tibetan medicinal system since the eighteenth century and its applications have also been described in the Tibetan medicinal classic 'rGyudbzhi' -'The Four Books of Pharmacopoeia' of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) [11,18]. For decades, seabuckthorn has been employed in the traditional medical systems of China and Mongolia [19,20]. ...
This communication highlights the ecological, medicinal, and socio-economical significance of the Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica Rousi, commonly known as seabuckthorn, advocating its potential for commercial propagation in the cold desert of Ladakh. The plant is a multipurpose taxon with several health-promoting medicinal and nutritional properties, and ecological and economical values which makes it a plant of interest for researchers, farmers, and pharmaceutical industries. Seabuckthorn has ecological distribution in various regions of Indian subcontinent including Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, with profound abundance in the Union Territory of Ladakh. Nevertheless, despite being a potential economical herb with immense adaptation to the cold desert environment of Ladakh, seabuckthorn has been given meager attention by the local populace to propagate and commercially use for health and economy. Therefore, this article highlights the potentialities and opportunities to commercially propagate seabuckthorn through mega-plantation projects for the sustainable ecological and economic development of Ladakh and other Trans-Himalayan regions.
... The genus Hippophae is found in Northern Europe, Central Europe, Central Asia, and China, and it is likely originating in Central Asia [4][5][6][7]. These plants have been revered for their ability to thrive in harsh environments and their multifaceted applications in traditional medicine, agriculture, and environmental management [7,8]. All species of Hippophae are diploid (2n = 24) [4,5], wind-pollinated, and dioecious [3]. ...
In this study, we analyzed eight samples of Hippophae rhamnoides L. collected in Kazakhstan, along with twenty-five samples of Hippophae species and three outgroup species from NCBI GenBank, using ITS sequences. The alignment of the ITS sequences, which was 639 bp in length with outgroup samples and 642 bp without them, revealed polymorphism, with 31 positions (4.85%) being polymorphic among the ingroup samples. The highest number of polymorphic sites was found in ITS1 (13 sites), followed by ITS2 (10 sites) and the 5.8S rRNA region (8 sites). The maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree delineated four distinct clades within the Hippophae species. The H. rhamnoides samples from northeastern Kazakhstan clustered with H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica from GenBank suggests a close genetic relationship. Introduced samples formed separate subclades and clustered with various subspecies from GenBank. Notably, hybrid peaks were observed in the ITS sequences of introduced plants, which were not present in samples from natural populations. This study underscores the utility of ITS sequences in identifying plants from natural and introduced populations of H. rhamnoides and highlights the marker's importance in plant genetic research and biodiversity conservation.
... Oleanolic and nyctanthic acid from the leaves of N.arbortristis, could be interacting with 5-HT1A, act on CNS improvement and decline the depressed mood [11,17]. From the seed & fruit of H.salicifolia, folic acid, flavonoids and omega-7 normalize the level of homocysteine through folic acid receptor-mediated diagnosis (FRD); control the neuronal aging from the oxidative damage and act as anti-inflammatory effect [18][19]. This PF may also act as COX-2 inhibitor and an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor due to the presences of alphaterpinene & eugenol from O.tenuiflorum [14,20], increases the level of neurotransmitters and may regulated the synaptic signal in the brain. ...
Copyright©: Rinki Kumari, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Rinki Kumari, et al. Chronic poly herbal antidepressant treatment down-regulates COMT, MAO-A and MAO-B gene expression in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat. Biomark J. 2016, 2:2. Abstract Polyherbal formulation (PF) is an Indian herbal decoction which contains Nyctanthes arbortristis, Hippophae salicifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Reinwardtia indica. PF has been used to treat stress related psychiatric disease with the symptoms of depression and forgetfulness in ancient India until today. However, the mechanism of its antidepression action is still unknown. Here, the force swims stress-(FSS-) induced depressive rats were applied in exploring the action mechanisms of PF treatment. Daily oral and intra-peritoneal administration of PF for 28 days significantly alleviated the FSS-induced depressive symptoms. In addition, the expressions of those molecular bio-markers relating to depression in rat brains were altered by the treatment of PF. This PF regulated the mRNA level of MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT. The results suggested that the anti-depressant-like action of PF might be mediated by an increased of neurotransmitters and decreased the expression of MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT in the various areas of the brain including the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. In addition, the statistically significant (P < 0.05) down regulation of MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT mRNA levels by PF was obtained at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of FSS-exposed rats. Thus, PF could serve as alternative medicine for depressive patients.
... На их основе получают ЛРП противовирусного действия «Гипорамин», представляющий собой очищенную фракцию полифенолов -мономерных гидролизуемых галло-эллаготанинов. Кроме того, в настоящее время во всем мире ведутся активные доклинические исследования по выявлению и других видов фармакологической активности экстрактов листьев [5]. Согласно литературным данным, листья облепихи крушиновидной содержат различные флавоноиды, извлекаемые в основном спирто-водными смесями. ...
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a perennial wind-pollinated dioecious berry shrub. The leaves, according to the literature, contain flavonoids, tannins, vitamins, organic, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids and are a source of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids). According to the literature, sea buckthorn leaves contain various flavonoids, extracted mainly by alcohol-water mixtures. Thus, the composition of the flavonoid complex contains derivatives of quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol (rutin, quercitrin, myricetin, luteolin, vitexin, narcissin, etc.). According to the authors, the annual supply of sea buckthorn leaves in the Greater Caucasus is 3-5 tons. Moreover, the leaves are an annually renewable by-product obtained during the procurement of the main raw material – fruits, which determines the relevance of comprehensive studies of the phytochemical composition of leaves within the framework of resource-saving technologies for the production of herbal medicines. The purpose of our study was to substantiate the choice of conditions for the chromatographic separation of flavonoids from sea buckthorn leaves using TLC and investigation of their composition at different harvesting times. Based on the parameters of chromatography efficiency, using a set of methods for visual assessment of chromatograms and their processing using the computer program “Densitometer Sorbfil”, the optimal conditions were selected for the separation of flavonoids from sea buckthorn leaves in a thin layer of sorbent: mobile phase ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-water (5:1: 1); developer – 5% alcohol solution of aluminium chloride when observed under UV light; 7 µl of extraction using HPTLC plates “Silica gel 60 F254” (10x15 cm). The presence of 18 biologically active substances with a flavonoid nature has been established. It has been established that when leaves are harvested from the beginning of June to the end of August (phases 1-3), the qualitative composition of pigments does not change. However, when the leaves are collected simultaneously with the fruits, in the TLC profile of the extracts, the zones of flavonoids were visually characterized by a smaller area and colour intensity than when they were harvested during the period of fruit formation. Now, research to substantiate the optimal phase of harvesting leaves from the point of view of their phytochemical composition and preserving the value of the fruit is ongoing. However, the method developed in the study can be recommended for inclusion in modern ND for sea buckthorn leaves of any phenological phase of plant life for the identification of a specific flavonoid profile of this raw material. In further studies, it is also necessary to evaluate the influence of the climatic conditions of plant growth, cultivation characteristics and varietal diversity on the reproducibility of the TLC profile of leaf flavonoids obtained in this study.
... The fruits of sea buckthorn are among the healthiest berries available, and the leaves (which average 15% protein) can be fed to pets and animals. It is helpful in soil conservation, because of its deep root system, particularly on brittle slopes [32]. ...
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is one of the most common yet underutilized dioecious fruit crop of the temperate region. This plant is known as the gold mine of the cold deserts due to its exceptional winter hardiness and multiple uses. It is a potential functional food which is rich in nutritional and medicinal values and holds the potential to emerge as a future food cum medicinal crop. Traditionally, the crop is used as a folk medicine, fence, wind break, firewood and fodder. The fruits are rich in tannins, flavonoids, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols and lipids. The cultivation of sea buckthorn is low demanding and it is seen growing wild in the valleys, riverbanks, slopes and mountains in the temperate regions. Though extensive research and developmental activities are progressing, commercial cultivation and popularization of sea buckthorn is still in the nascent stage. Some of the challenges faced by the sea buckthorn industry include lack of awareness regarding its potential, its short harvest season and high moisture content that prevents the farmers from cultivating crop and also hinders development of value-added products. An enhancement in the production aspects of this crop can be a boon to the horticulture industry. Proper interventions and policies from government, standardization of production technology, production of quality planting material of promising cultivars etc. are some of the ways towards popularizing the crop.
... For centuries, sea buckthorn (SBT) has been used in folk medicine in different parts of the world. In ancient Tibet, it was used for gastrointestinal disorders; in Mongolia, it was used as a sedative; the Greeks used it as a veterinary remedy [5][6][7]. In 2018, the eighth international conference dedicated entirely to sea buckthorn was held in China, indicating a clear growing interest in this plant [8,9]. ...
Sea buckthorn leaves (SBT_LVs) form notable by-product during harvesting and post-harvest management of the berries. It is already known that sea buckthorn berries are important for their chemical composition and based on this, they occupy a wide field in nutrition. SBT_LVs also have a rich chemical composition, like the berries. The aim of this study was to describe these by-products in the context of protein and complex carbohydrates–dietary fiber fractions, including qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids. Proximate composition, amino acids, nutritional values of the protein, and dietary fiber fractions of SBT_LVs of four cultivars (cvs.) Ascola, Habego, Hergo, and Leikora were assessed. SBT_LVs from different years of the study had statistically different levels of crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE), confirming that the quality of the raw material (leaves) can be significantly modified by habitat conditions. The largest fraction of dietary fiber was neutral detergent fiber (NDF), including the sum of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, followed by the acid detergent fiber fraction (ADF), consisting of lignin and cellulose. The content of essential amino acids in SBT_LV protein was high. Overall, this study confirms that SBT_LVs hold promise as a valuable resource for use as a food ingredient, functional food, and dietary supplement for both humans and animals.
... Seabuckthorn, also known as Hippophae rhamnoids L., a plant found throughout the significant temperate zones of the world, has been used in Sowa-Rigpa, Tibetan, and European and Asia traditional medicine since ancient times for treating various ailments such as skin diseases, asthma, lung disorders, and gastric ulcers (Krejcarová et al. 2015;Michel et al. 2012). Various studies have reported a large spectrum of pharmacological effects of seabuckthorn, such as anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-atherogenic, and tissue repair (Suryakumar & Gupta 2011;Upadhyay et al. 2009). A recent study reported that seabuckthorn seed meal exerted potent anti-aging activity in H 2 O 2 -induced-aging human skin fibroblasts (Kumar et al. 2022). ...
Skin homeostasis is predominantly compromised by exposure to UV-B irradiation, leading to several physiopathological processes at cellular and tissue levels that deteriorate skin function and integrity. The current study investigated the photo-protective role of seabuckthorn fruit pulp (SBT) extract against UV-B-induced damage in primary human skin fibroblasts (HDFs) and Balb/C mice skin. We subjected HDFs and Balb/C mice to UV-B irradiation and measured multiple cellular damage indicators. We found that UV-B-irradiated HDFs treated with SBT had a considerably greater survival rate than cells exposed to UV-B radiation alone. The UV-B irradiation–induced ROS generation led to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, inflammation, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. SBT treatment significantly reduced these manifestations. Topical application of SBT alleviated UV-B-induced epidermal thickening, leukocyte infiltration, and degradation of extracellular matrix in Balb/c mice skin. Based on our results, we conclude that SBT has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic/cosmetic remedy for the prevention of skin photo-damage.
... In Tibetan and Mongolian, sea buckthorn berries (SBB) have been traditionally used to treat phlegm and cough [4]. Additionally, in Central Asia (Tajikistan and Afghanistan), SBB has been known to be effective in treating high blood pressure, digestive system, and skin diseases [5]. ...
Sea buckthorn berries (SBB) are well known for being rich in natural bioactive compounds with high pharmacological activity. In this study, the optimization of extraction parameters was performed to recover phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity from SBB. This study involved a systematic optimization approach, including screening for a variety of parameters, including temperature, time, ethanol concentration, agitation, and solid loading. On the basis of Plackett–Burman design (PBD) model, the two most significant parameters (agitation and solid loading) were selected, and the correlation model between those parameters and multiple responses was derived via response surface methodology (RSM). As a result, the optimal extraction condition for maximizing phenolic content and antioxidant activity was determined to be agitation at 109.54 rpm and a solid loading of 172.67 g/L. Under optimal conditions, SBB extract showed a total phenolic content of 0.21 mg/mL and ABTS and DPPH activities of 27.27% and 58.16%, respectively. The SBB extract prepared under optimal conditions was found to contain caffeic acid, vanillic acid, rutin, and vitamin B1 (thiamine). This work is the first challenge to design an optimization model for the efficient recovery of antioxidants from SBB and is significant in that the model can be applied simply and economically to conventional extraction processes.
... The mucilage and oils found in sea buckthorn can help soothe the mucous membranes in the digestive tract, thus aiding in the treatment of ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders (Suryakumar, et al. 2011). ...
... Hippophae rhamnoides L, synonym with Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (commonly "sea buckthorn"), a representative species in the Elaeagnaceae family, is well-known for its nutritional value and medicinal potential. Although it originates in the cold-temperate regions of Asia and Europe, ethnopharmacological evidence suggests wide medicinal applications around the world [1][2][3]. This claim is promoted by pharmacological studies, which showed that sea buckthorn displays antibacterial, antifungal, anti-sebum and wound healing effects, being a valuable cosmeceutical ingredient [2] with great potential in dermatology [4,5]. ...
The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of associating an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) protocol with enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) in aqueous media, using the dried berries of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) as plant material. A specialized software was used for the determination of potential optimal extraction parameters, leading to the development of four optimized extracts with different characteristics (UAE ± EAE). For these extracts, buffered or non-buffered solutions have been used, with the aim to determine the influence of adjustable pH on extractability. As enzymatic solution, a pectinase, cellulase, and hemicellulase mix (2:1:1) has been applied, acting as pre-treatment for the optimized protocol. The highest extractive yields have been identified for non-buffered extracts, and the E-UAE combination obtained extracts with the highest overall in vitro antioxidant activity. The HPLC-MSⁿ analysis demonstrated a rich composition in different types of isorhamnetin-O-glycosides, as well as some quercetin-O-glycosides, showing a high recovery of specific flavonol-type polyphenolic species. Moreover, we have tentatively identified two flavanols (i.e., catechin and epigallocatechin) and one flavone derivative (i.e., luteolin).
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a critical complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is marked by metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, ultimately progressing to heart failure. This study investigated the synergistic therapeutic potential of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn, SBU) extract and metformin in a mouse model of T2DM-induced DCM. T2DM was induced using a 45% high-fat-AGEs-enriched diet, followed by treatment with SBU, metformin, or their combination. Treatment effects were monitored through bioinformatic analysis, chemoinformatic prediction, behavioral testing, biochemical assays, histopathological evaluations and gene expression profiles. Based on bioinformatic analysis, we identified key hub genes involved in the diabetic cardiomyopathy including SERPINE1, NRG1, MYH11, PTH, NR4A2, NRF2, PGC1α, GPX4, ATF1, ASCL2, NOX1, NLRP3, CCK8, COX2, CCL2, PTGS2, EGFR, and oncostatin, which are pivotal in modulating the ferroptosis pathway. Furthermore, the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1, critical regulators of inflammation and cell death, was effectively downregulated, correlating with decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory marker oncostatin. The combined therapy significantly improved glucose regulation, reduced systemic inflammation and protected the heart from oxidative damage. Histopathological analysis revealed notable reductions in cardiac necrosis and fibrosis. Particularly, the combination therapy of SBU and metformin demonstrated a synergistic effect, surpassing the benefits of individual treatments in preventing cardiac damage. These findings highlight the potential of integrating SBU with metformin as a novel therapeutic strategy for managing DCM by targeting both metabolic and ferroptosis-related pathways. This dual intervention opens promising avenues for future clinical applications in diabetic heart disease management, offering a comprehensive approach to mitigating the progression of DCM.
Sea buckthorn is a kind of plant with homology of medicine and food, rich in nutrients and many kinds of bioactive compounds, which has high nutritional, health care function, and medicinal value. This chapter summarized different kinds of sea buckthorn-based functional foods in China, which will provide some references for the academia and industry.
This chapter provides an overview of the main compounds found in sea buckthorn leaves, including vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Additionally, it delves into the biological activity of sea buckthorn leaf extract, highlighting its antioxidant properties when used as a food additive. Furthermore, the chapter explores potential applications and prospects for sea buckthorn leaf extract in various fields.
Sea buckthorn is a rich source of bioactive compounds including carotenoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenes, organic acids, and phytosterols. These compounds contribute to its various health benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, dermatological, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. The bioactive composition of sea buckthorn is influenced by several factors including genetic variation, plant part analyzed, climatic and growth conditions, year and degree of harvest, storage conditions, harvest time, and processing and analytic methods. This chapter focuses on key substances such as polyphenols, carotenoids, polypeptides, polysaccharides, terpenes, essential oil, organic acids, phytosterols, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids.
Purpose
Agriculture innovation systems (AIS) examine the complex socio-technical and institutional aspects affecting sustainable agriculture. However, it is predominantly constrained to the formal sector activities in the high-income countries (HICs). The informal sector actors play a major role in the agricultural sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as India, by innovating and disseminating grassroots innovations (GI). This study aims to explore the role of different GI, both by the informal and formal sectors, within an emerging AIS focused on seabuckthorn in Ladakh, India.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions to gather data from the stakeholders involved in seabuckthorn value chain. The data was analysed using the AIS framework’s a priori themes and was validated through data triangulation with secondary sources.
Findings
This study reveals the existence of GI, by both the formal and informal sector actors, and their complex interaction within the seabuckthorn value chain. It highlights the importance of co-existence of these GI to make it a sustainable seabuckthorn AIS.
Practical implications
This study offers noteworthy perspectives for governments, policymakers and agricultural practitioners with respect to the assimilation of GI into AIS. These insights could help improve agricultural sustainability and viability, particularly in LMICs where the informal sector plays a significant role.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to explore the role of GI within AIS and opens up research avenues for further inquiry in both LMICs and HICs.
Moringa oleifera Lam., more commonly referred to as munga, is a plant that is widely cultivated in India and is used for medicinal purposes. In the family Moringaceae, it is classified as a member. The fact that this plant possesses a multitude of advantageous pharmacological effects, including as anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant qualities, makes it an appealing nutritional herb. Different names for this species include the horse radish tree and the drumstick tree, to mention only two of them. Each and every part of this plant contains a component that can be utilised for medical purposes. Milk protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C are all found in high concentrations in this food. There are many different chemicals that are considered to be active phytoconstituents. These substances include proteins, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oils, and lipids. This plant also has a home in the tropical regions of the world. These are some extra components that are included: both niazinin A and niazinin B, as well as niazimicin A and niaziminin B. In the fight against malnutrition, the plant's high phytonutrient concentration makes it an effective natural integrator that complements other natural remedies. The findings of studies that investigated the phytochemistry of different plant parts have shown that plants contain a large quantity of organic molecules, which include both primary and secondary metabolites. After doing research on the pharmacological and nutraceutical properties of the plant, it has been determined that it can be utilised in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Through this review, the phytochemical composition of the plant, as well as its therapeutic applications and pharmacological effects, are discussed in depth.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a multipurpose, hardy, deciduous shrub, an ideal plant for soil erosion control, land reclamation, wildlife habitat enhancement, and farmstead protection. It has high nutritional and medicinal values for humans. The majority of sea buckthorn research has been conducted in Asia and Europe. It is a promising new crop for North America, and recently it has attracted considerable attention by researchers, producers, and industry.
We here report the results from two parsimony analyses of all 15 recognized taxa in Hippophae (Elaeagnaceae), one based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and one based on a combined data set of morphological characters and cpDNA. The genera Elaeagnus and Shepherdia were used as outgroup taxa. In general, the results are congruent with a previous RAPD study, and partly with some of the previous proposed classifications. Monophyly of Hippophae is strongly supported. The most widespread species, H. rhamnoides, is, in spite of low support, most likely monophyletic and distinguished by a single molecular synapomorphy. Due to weak internal support, we refrain from recognizing any sections within the genus. Three taxa, first published as nomina nuda but used by several authors, are here validated and/or described. These are Hippophae neurocarpa subsp. stellatopilosa, H. goniocarpa, and H. litangensis. The latter two were originally suggested to form one species with two subspecies, but they are clearly not monophyletic, a single lineage of evolution, but rather are sister to two different species in the analyses. Together with earlier information from isozymes (unpubl. data) and RAPDs, we believe they are results of two independent hybridisations and we describe them as species. In conjunction, a maternal mode of cpDNA inheritance is suggested. Communicating Editor: Alan T. Whittemore
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaė rhamnoides L.), an ancient crop with modern virtues has recently gained worldwide attention, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal value as the berries contain different kinds of nutrients and bioactive compounds including vitamins, fatty acids, free amino acids and elemental components. This review briefly summarises the current literature and discusses its potential as a crop and its post harvest processing. The available compositional data regarding sea buckthorn berries is tabulated to produce a comprehensive source of recent information on chemical and medicinally important constituents of different origin and varieties. The presence of valuable chemicals and nutritionally important constituents in sea buckthorn berries, and from the scientific knowledge of their importance, it is clear that sea buckthorn berry is one of the most important sources of these constituents, and should be used as alternative nutritional sources in the commercial market. Similarly in depth investigation on the effect of processing on the total nutrient content of sea buckthorn berries species growing in different agro-ecological regions needs to be carried out. Thus, several important knowledge gaps identified in this paper would give impetus to new academic and R&D activities, in turn generating innovative job profile in food and cosmoceutical industries.
Present study was aimed to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of phenolic rich fraction (PRF) of Seabuckthorn leaves on CCl(4) induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. Total phenolic content was found to be 319.33 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g PRF and some of its phenolic constituents, such as gallic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were found to be in the range of 1.935-196.89 mg/g of PRF as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Oral administration of PRF at dose of 25-75 mg/kg body weight significantly protected from CCl(4) induced elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and bilirubin in serum, elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxides, protein carbonyls, depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and decrease in the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The PRF also protected against histopathological changes produced by CCl(4) such as hepatocytic necrosis, fatty changes, vacuolation, etc. The data obtained in the present study suggests that PRF has potent antioxidant activity, prevent oxidative damage to major biomolecules and afford significant protection against CCl(4) induced oxidative damage in the liver.
The present investigation was undertaken to study the immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn berries and glucomannan against T-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in 15-day-old chicks. T-2 toxin was produced in the laboratory by growing Fusarium sporotrichioides MTCC 2081 on wheat. T-2 toxin was fed to birds at 1 ppm level of the diet. The powdered seabuckthorn berries were added at 400 and 800 ppm levels, and glucomannan added at 1 g/kg of feed. All the treatments were continued up to 28 days. The immunoprotective effects of seabuckthorn and glucomannan were assessed by evaluating humoral immune reaction against NCD vaccine (haemagglutination test and immunoglobulin estimation), serum immunoglobulin levels, phagocytic index, and DTH reaction against DNFB between day 25 and day 28 of experiment. There was significant (P < .05) decrease in non-specific immunity in T-2 toxin-treated group as evidenced by a reduction in phagocytic index, DTH reaction, HI titer, and total serum Ig compared to the healthy control group. A significant increase (P < .05) in HI titer and total serum Ig was seen in seabuckthorn and glucomannan fed group. A significant (P < .05) increase in DTH reaction and non-specific immune response was seen in seabuckthorn and glucomannan fed birds. The present investigation revealed that the seabuckthorn alone protected the immunosuppressant action of T-2 toxin, but seabuckthorn and glucomannan in combination provided an additive protection against T-2 toxicity.
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects from the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of sea buckthorn leaves. Six compounds, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6''-O-coumaryl) glycoside, 1-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, were isolated from sea buckthorn leaf extracts. The butanol fraction (EC(50) = 1.81 μg/mL) along with quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EC(50) = 1.86 μg/mL) had a higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity and showed stronger reducing power (OD(700) = 1.83 and 1.78, respectively). The butanol fraction (477 mg GAE/g) contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds and also the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (86%) at 5 μg/mL. The results indicate that sea buckthorn leaf extracts could potentially be used for food additives and the development of useful natural compounds.
Sea buckthorn is a deciduous species, widely distributed all over the world, including Pakistan. It contains different kinds of nutrients and bioactive substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, free amino acids and elemental components etc. These components vary substantially among populations, origins or subspecies, however their presence is more important for the health of individual. The clinical trials and scientific studies during the 20th century confirm medicinal and nutritional value of sea buckthorn. The present study describe some areas of research that have been important points, for example in cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, skin disorder and as a liver protective agent. A lot of research work is still need to clarify the mechanism of curing these conditions in molecular and cellular levels.
The effects of vitamin E and Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) extract (HRe-1) on nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat liver were investigated. Four groups, eight rats each, were used in this study, and the supplementation period was 3 weeks. The groups were: nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal (i.p.)); nicotine plus vitamin E (75 mg/kg/day, intragastric (i.g.)); nicotine plus HRe-1 (250 mg/kg/day, i.g.); and the control group. The malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities were measured spectrophotometrically in supernatants of the tissue homogenates. Nicotine increased the malondialdehyde level in liver tissue compared with control. This nicotine-induced increase in lipid peroxidation was prevented by both vitamin E and HRe-1. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the nicotine plus vitamin E-supplemented group compared with nicotine and control groups. Glutathione reductase activity was higher in the nicotine group compared with the control group. However, glutathione peroxidase activity in the control group was higher than the levels in the nicotine, and the nicotine plus HRe-1 supplemented groups. The nitric oxide level was higher in the nicotine group compared with all other groups. Total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities and glutathione S-transferase activity were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results suggest that Hippophae rhamnoides extract as well as vitamin E can protect the liver against nicotine-induced oxidative stress.
The effects of vitamin E and Hippophea rhamnoides L. extract (HRe-1) on nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat heart were investigated. There were eight rats per group and supplementation period was 3 weeks. The groups were: nicotine [0.5 mg kg(-1)day(-1), intraperitoneal (i.p.)]; nicotine plus vitamin E [75 mg kg(-1)day(-1), intragastric (i.g.)]; nicotine plus HRe-1 (250 mg kg(-1)day(-1), i.g.); and the control group (receiving only vehicles). Nicotine increased the malondialdehyde level, which was prevented by both vitamin E and HRe-1. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group was higher than the others. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in nicotine plus HRe-1 supplemented group was increased compared with the control group. Catalase activity was higher in nicotine group compared with others. GPx activity in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group was elevated compared with the others. Total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities in nicotine plus vitamin E supplemented group were lower than nicotine plus HRe-1 supplemented group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in nicotine plus HRe-1 supplemented group compared with others. Glutathione reductase activity and nitric oxide level were not affected. Increased SOD and GST activities might have taken part in the prevention of nicotine-induced oxidative stress in HRe-1 supplemented group in rat heart. Flavonols such as quercetin, and isorahmnetin, tocopherols such as alpha-tocopherol and beta-tocopherol and carotenoids such as alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, reported to be present in H. rhamnoides L. extracts may be responsible for the antioxidant effects of this plant extract.
Supercritical fluid extraction represents an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for isolation of phytosterols from different plant sources. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seeds were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at pressures ranging from 15–60 MPa and temperatures of 40–80 °C. Oil and β-sitosterol yields were measured in the extraction course and compared with Soxhlet extraction with hexane. The average yield of β-sitosterol was 0.31 mg/g of seeds. The maximum concentration of β-sitosterol in the extract, 0.5% w/w, was achieved at 15 MPa, 40 °C, and a carbon dioxide consumption of 50 g/g of seeds. The extraction rate was maximal at 60 MPa and 40 °C. Both β-sitosterol yield and its concentration in the extract obtained with hexane were lower than with carbon dioxide.
Hippophae rhamnoides L. has been widely exploited for medicinal purposes and an extract of its whole berries coded as RH-3 has been found to render radioprotection. Effect of pre-irradiation treatment of up to 10 microg/ml RH-3 was studied in U 87 cells using MTT assay. This study aims at unraveling the mechanism of action of RH-3 in amelioration of radiation-induced cytotoxicity in vitro.
Most effective doses selected were studied further for the elucidation of radiomodifying properties of RH-3, especially with respect to early and late events of apoptosis.
RH-3 at concentrations of 7.5 and 10 microg/ml (-15 min) were found most effective in protecting against 2 Gy induced cytotoxicity in terms of MTT reducing ability in U 87 cells. RH-3 was observed to mitigate radiation-induced cellular and mitochondrial free radicals. Mitochondrial membrane potential depletion (studied up to 12 h) was prevented by RH-3 pre-irradiation administration. It could also restore the level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 at 24 and 48 h comparable to the control value. RH-3 also prevented radiation-induced increase in mitochondrial mass at 48 and 72 h post-treatment and the values were comparable to that of control cells. Annexin-V-FITC assay at 12 and 24 h time intervals indicated significant protection against radiation-induced apoptosis by RH-3 pre-irradiation treatment.
Our findings showed that probably RH-3 acts as an antioxidant preventing cellular and mitochondrial free radical generation that could contribute to its ability to inhibit radiation-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Cerebral and pulmonary syndromes may develop in unacclimatized individuals shortly after ascent to high altitude resulting in high altitude illness, which may occur due to extravasation of fluid from intra to extravascular space in the brain, lungs and peripheral tissues. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of seabuckthorn (SBT) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract (LE) in curtailing hypoxia-induced transvascular permeability in the lungs by measuring lung water content, leakage of fluorescein dye into the lungs and further confirmation by quantitation of albumin and protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Exposure of rats to hypoxia caused a significant increase in the transvascular leakage in the lungs. The SBT LE treated animals showed a significant decrease in hypoxia-induced vascular permeability evidenced by decreased water content and fluorescein leakage in the lungs and decreased albumin and protein content in the BALF. The SBT extract was also able to significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by stabilizing the levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment of the extract also resulted in a significant decrease in the circulatory catecholamines and significant increase in the vasorelaxation of the pulmonary arterial rings as compared with the controls. Further, the extract significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in the VEGF levels in the plasma, BALF (ELISA) and lungs (immunohistochemistry). These observations suggest that SBT LE is able to provide significant protection against hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage.
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the healing efficacy of lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., family Elaeagnaceae) (SBT) and to explore its possible mechanism of action on experimental burn wounds in rats. The SBT extract, at various concentrations, was applied topically, twice daily for 7 days. Treatment with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) ointment was used as reference control. The most effective concentration of the extract was found to be 5.0% (w/w) for burn wound healing and this was further used for detailed study. The SBT-treated group showed faster reduction in wound area in comparison with control and SSD-treated groups. The topical application of SBT increased collagen synthesis and stabilization at the wound site, as evidenced by increase in hydroxyproline, hexosamine levels and up-regulated expression of collagen type-III. The histological examinations and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) expression also confirmed the healing efficacy of SBT leaf extract. Furthermore, there was significant increase in levels of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and decrease in lipid peroxide levels in SBT-treated burn wound granulation tissue. The SBT also promoted angiogenesis as evidenced by an in vitro chick chorioallantoic membrane model and in vivo up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The SBT leaf extract had no cytotoxic effect on BHK-21 cell line. In conclusion, SBT aqueous leaf extract possesses significant healing potential in burn wounds and has a positive influence on the different phases of wound repair.
In the present study, the process of separation and purification of isohamnetin from marc of sea buckthorn was obtained. The antioxidant properties of the pure isolated isorhamnetin were evaluated by the scavenging of the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), iron (III) to iron (II)-reducing, and iron-chelating assays. High purity isorhamnetin (92.1%) was obtained and the results of antioxidant assays showed that isorhamnetin performed significantly compared with ascorbic acid and BHT, and the linear correlations were good in these assays. In conclusion, isorhamnetin may have potential as a natural antioxidant to alternate synthetic substances as food additive with its antioxidant activity.
This chapter highlights the usage of sea buckthorn seed oil. Sea buckthorn seed oil has immense nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmaceutical uses. It is a rich source of bioactive molecules such as vitamins, carotenoids, phytosterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea buckthorn seed oil combines high levels of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids such as α-Linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic, palmitoleic, and vaccenic. It contains natural antioxidants, vitamins (E, K), carotenoids, and phytosterols such as campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. These phytochemicals make it ideal for medicinal and cosmetic industries, giving synergistic power to protect the cell membrane and enhance cell regeneration. It enhances microcirculation and epidermal regeneration, acts as a potent antioxidant and antibacterial, and has cholesterol lowering effects. It has therapeutic potential for treating burns of different etiology and inflammatory skin disorders. It also helps in the recuperation of mucous membranes of the stomach and other organs, while having light absorption, UV skin protection, and emollient properties. There are no known drug interactions, contradictions, common allergic reactions, or toxicity to sea buckthorn seed oil.
Immunomodulatory activity of Seabuckthorn (SBT) leaf extract was evaluated in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Inflammation was induced by injecting Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in the right hind paw of rats. SBT extract was administered intraperitoneally to treat the inflammation. The extent of inflammation and treatment response was evaluated by clinical analysis, scintigraphic visualization using technitium-99m-glutathione (Tc99m-GSH) and lymphocyte proliferation. Serial evaluation was carried out on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after creation of inflammation. The Tc99m-GSH uptake in the inflamed leg was compared with the normal contralateral leg of the same animal. The measurements were done by obtaining scintigraphic images using gamma camera and an online computer. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of radiotracer accumulation was considered to evaluate the anti-inflammatory response. The lymphocyte proliferation study revealed cellular immunosuppression during the early phase of the disease. Administration of SBT extract on the same day or 5 days prior to inflammatory insult into the joint, significantly reduced the inflammation as compared to the untreated animals in a dose dependent manner. These observations suggest that the SBT leaf extract has a significant anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for the treatment of arthritis.
High altitude exposure results in decreased oxygen pressure and an increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which is often associated with increases in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Exposure to high altitude appears to decrease the activity and effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes system. Moreover, during high altitude exposure several RONS generating source are activated, including mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase (NO). Physical exercise at high altitude can further enhance the oxidative stress. The available information suggests that RONS are involved and are even a causative factor of acute mountain sickness. Supplementation of antioxidant seems to be a necessary step to prevent or decrease to high altitude exposure associated oxidative stress. Key PointsReactive oxygen and nitrogen speciesHigh altitude-induced oxidative stressAntioxidant down regulation by altitudeExercise and altitude associated oxidative stress.
The antioxidant capacity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil was investigated with a number of established in vitro assays and in an in vivo study of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress in mice. The results showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity all increased with increasing concentrations of seabuckthorn seed oil. Moreover, the EC50 values of seabuckthorn seed oil from the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were 2.63, 2.16 and 0.77 mg/ml, respectively. In the in vivo study, seabuckthorn seed oil inhibited the toxicity of CCl4, as seen from the significantly increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The GSH content in the liver was also increased, whereas hepatic malondialdehyde was reduced. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that seabuckthorn seed oil has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent.
As compared with alkyl substituents, amino and amido groups in the 4 position of 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolones substantially reduce the stability of the molecule with respect to electron impact. The rearrangements in the heteroring that are characteristic for alkyl-substituted pyrazolones are absent in the fragmentation of these compounds. The principal fragmentation process in this case
Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, cancer or autoimmune diseases. One strategy to combat the increased morbidity and mortality related to these diseases in the elderly is to identify ways to prevent the immunological deficiencies. The immune system of the elderly may be boosted by use of immunomodulators. To determine the effect of aging on splenocyte proliferation, IFN-γ, CD 25 and MHC class II antigen expression, we have compared the immune response of young (3 month) and old (>17 month) group of mice immunized with diphtheria toxoid (DT) in combination with complete freund's adjuvant CFA) or Seabucthorn leaf alcoholic extract (SBTLAE). The data observed in the present study indicates that the IFN-γ production, CD25 and MHC-II expression is lowered in elderly mice however use of SBTLAE increased IFN-γ, CD25 and MHC II expression. The splenocyte proliferation was not very much affected in comparison to young group of mice. The present study suggests that Seabuckthorn may be used as immunomodulators to strengthen the immune response of aged ones.
The carotenol fatty acid esters of two potentially valuable sources of plant carotenoids, sepals of Physalis alkekengi (Chinese lantern) and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn), were separated by column chromatography and identified by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. A chemical and an enzymatic hydrolysis were employed to identify the parent carotenoids and to remove the lipid components. Zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin esters represented the main fraction in P. alkekengi sepals and an important one in H. rhamnoides fruits. β-Cryptoxanthin palmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate were identified as major compounds in both plants. In P. alkekengi, the carotenoids were mainly (>90%) esterified with palmitic acid, and a high proportion (>80%) of saturated medium chain fatty acids was found (by GC-MS) in the total lipid extract. Although the total lipid extract of H. rhamnoides contained significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic and palmitoleic acids, the xanthophylls were mainly esterified with saturated fatty acids. The oleoresins of both species represent potential sources of carotenoid esters and can be used as food additives, cosmetic ingredients or nutraceuticals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seabuckthorn (SBT) seed oil is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, carotenoids and flavonoids, which are known to have significant anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective activity. The anti-atherogenic activity of supercritical CO2 extracted SBT seed oil was evaluated in white albino rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet for 60 days. The study was performed on 20 male healthy rabbits divided into four groups of 5 animals each. Group I – control, group II – SBT seed oil, group III – cholesterol (1%) for 60 days, group IV – cholesterol+SBT seed oil. After 30 days of high cholesterol diet, group IV rabbits received 1ml of SBT seed oil daily for 30 days. Blood total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured before and after the administration of SBT seed oil. The vasorelaxant activity of the seed oil was studied in vitro using aortic ring model technique and changes in isometric force were recorded using a polygraphic recording system. Accumulation of cholesterol in the aorta was studied using Sudan-IV staining technique.SBT seed oil feeding to normal rabbits for 18 days caused a significant decline in plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL ratio. The HDL-C levels, HDL-C/TC ratio (HTR) and vasorelaxant activity of the aorta were significantly increased. In cholesterol-fed animals the TC, TG, LDL-C and AI were significantly increased and showed a decline following seed oil administration. The increase in HDL-C was more marked in seed oil treated hypercholesterolemic animals. The acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxant activity was significantly decreased in cholesterol-fed animals and could be restored to that of normal values by seed oil administration. These observations suggest that supercritical CO2 extracted SBT seed oil has significant anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective activity.
2 in HRe-1, 20.5+0.72 mm 2 in omeprazole, 7.0+0.93 mm 2 in melatonin and 29.3+1.32 mm 2 in ethanol groups (p< 0.001: ethanol group vs other groups). Gastric tissue GSH levels of HRe-1 and melatonin groups were fairly close to the normal values. Additionally, this level was significantly reduced in omeprazole and ethanol groups. While there was no difference in terms of mean ulcer area and number of ulcer foci, between melatonin and HRe-1 groups, gastric tissue GSH levels were found significantly higher in HRe-1 than in melatonin groups. Conclusion: HRe-1 has some benefical effects, even more potent than melatonin, on gastric tissue GSH levels and on the prevention of ethanol-induced ulcer formation in rats. SUMMARY
Possible production of sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L., in Hungary was investigated by field tests of selected cultivars and organoleptical tests of berries. Disease resistance, ease of harvest, chemical composition, and morphological habits of cultivars were studied in comparison to a wild population of sea buckthorn. The plant could be cultivated in Hungary and a 25 to 30 ha field has been established. Since the plant is dioecious, male plants should be interplanted among a larger female population. Yields are 3 to 4 tons of fruit per ha.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) is a winter hardy, deciduous shrub with yel-low or orange berries (Bailey and Bailey 1978). It develops an extensive root system rapidly and is therefore an ideal plant for preventing soil erosion and land reclamation. It can withstand temperatures from-43掳 to 40掳C (Lu 1992). It is considered to be drought resistant (Heinze and Fiedler 1981); however, irrigation is needed in regions receiving
BACKGROUND: Liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride are the best‐characterized system of xenobiotic‐induced hepatotoxicity and commonly used model for the screening of hepatoprotective activities of drugs. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.), family Elaeagnaceae, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )‐induced liver injury in male albino rats. The study was performed on Sprague–Dawley male albino rats weighing about 180–200 g. The animals were pretreated with three different doses of leaf extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg ⁻¹ body weight) for 5 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced by single oral administration of 1.5 mL CCl 4 kg ⁻¹ body weight on the fifth day. The animals were then sacrificed and assessed for various biochemical parameters.
RESULTS: Administration of CCl 4 significantly enhanced glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, and decreased total protein levels in the serum. Treatment with CCl 4 also significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and decreased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. CCl 4 treatment also caused a significant increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation as assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissue. Pretreatment of leaf extract at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg kg ⁻¹ body weight significantly ( P < 0.05) protected the animals from CCl 4 ‐induced liver injury. The extract significantly restricted the CCl 4 ‐induced increase of GOT, GPT, ALP and bilirubin and better maintained protein levels in the serum. Further, it also enhanced GSH and decreased MDA levels.
CONCLUSION: The results show that sea buckthorn leaf extract has significant hepatoprotective effects which might be due to its antioxidant activity and can be developed as a nutraceutical or food supplement against liver diseases. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., fam. Elaeagnaceae) fruits are rich in pigments and lipoproteins located in membranes and the fleshy mesocarp. In spite of many reports concerning the neutral lipids in the mesocarp, no data about the polar lipids and their fatty acid composition are available even though they play important structural and physiological roles in cell membranes and may offer interesting applications as emulsifiers and nutrients in cosmetic preparations. Carotenolipoprotein complexes are located particularly in fruit membranes where polar lipids may function as bridge compounds between the polar (protein) and non-polar (carotenoid) moieties. The fatty acid compositions of total and individual polar lipids separated from carotenolipoprotein complexes were determined by HPTLC and GC. The polar lipids included 61% phospholipids and 39% galactolipids, which contained mainly 16:0, 16:1 (9c), 18:1 (9c), 18:1 (11c) and 18:2 (9c, 12c) fatty acids. Almost all polar lipids showed high ratios of 16:0/16:1 (11c) and 18:1 (9c)/18:1 (11c), and higher quantities of 18 carbon unsaturated fatty acids than of the saturated analogue. Galactolipids proved to be richest in 18:1 (9c) and 18:3 (9c, 12c, 15c) fatty acids, while phospholipids contained higher concentrations of 16:0 and 18:1 (9c). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The present investigation was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of supercritical CO2-extracted Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea buckthorn) (SBT) seed oil on burn wound model. SBT seed oil was co-administered by two routes at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight (p.o.) and 200 μl (topical) for 7 days on experimental burn wounds in rats. The SBT seed oil augmented the wound healing process as indicated by significant increase in wound contraction, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, DNA and total protein contents in comparison to control and reference control treated with silver sulfadiazine (SS) ointment. Histopathological findings further confirmed the healing potential of SBT seed oil. SBT seed oil treatment up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and 9), collagen type-III and VEGF in granulation tissue. It was observed that SBT seed oil also possesses antioxidant properties as evidenced by significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wound granulation tissue. In acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies, no adverse effects were observed in any of the groups administered with SBT seed oil. These results suggest that the supercritical CO2-extracted Sea buckthorn seed oil possesses significant wound healing activity and have no associated toxicity or side effects.
The effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae), leaf aqueous extract were examined in rats for its adaptogenic activity and toxicity. Dose dependent adaptogenic study of extract was carried out at different doses administered orally, 30 min prior to cold (5 °C)–hypoxia (428 mmHg)–restraint (C–H–R) exposure. After sub-acute toxicity studies on 10 and 20 times doses of maximal effective dose administered for 14 days (single oral dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg once daily) and maximal effective dose administered for 30 days (single oral dose of 100 mg/kg once daily), biochemical and hematological parameters were studied in the serum and blood. The maximal effective adaptogenic dose of the extract was 100 mg/kg body weight. No significant changes were observed in organ weight/body weight ratios, of any vital organ studied (except liver and kidney in 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg body weight doses, respectively), and biochemical and hematological parameters of the sub-acute drug treated animals in comparison to control rats. In acute toxicity study LD50 of the extract was observed to be >10 g/kg when given orally. These results indicate that seabuckthorn leaf aqueous extract possess potent adaptogenic activity with no toxicity even after sub-acute (30 days) maximal effective dose administration.
In this study, 100% methanolic extract (ME), 70% aqua-methanolic extract (AME) and 100% aqueous extract of seabuckthorn byproduct were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The total phenolic contents were high in AME (84.28 ± 1.58 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/gm of extract) compared to other extracts. All the extracts scavenged different in vitro radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC(50) values were lowest in AME for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and nitric oxide radicals, while ME had lowest values for hydroxyl radicals. The reducing power of the extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner and was highest in AME. The findings of this study revealed that seabuckthorn pomace without seed is one of the important resources as an antioxidant for food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic or nutraceutical industries.
Hippophae rhamnoides has been extensively used in oriental traditional medicines for treatment of asthma, skin diseases, gastric ulcers, and lung disorders. In this study, we isolated casuarinin from the leaves of H.rhamnoides and examined the effect of casuarinin on the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in a human keratinocytes cell line HaCaT. Pretreatment with casuarinin inhibited TNF-α-induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in HaCaT cells. Casuarinin significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, casuarinin inhibited activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with casuarinin decreased TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. These results demonstrated that casuarinin exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines via blockage of activation of NF-κB and ERK/p38 MAPK and can be used as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory skin diseases.
To observe the protection of total flavones of Hippophae Rhamnoides (TFH) on vascular endothelial cells (VECs).
Human umbilical VECs (ECV304) were used. The vascular endothelial injured cell model was prepared using hydrogen dioxide (H2O2). The cell apoptosis rate and changes of mean fluorescence intensity were detected using flow cytometry (FCM). The Caspase-3 activity in VECs was detected by Western blot.
VEC apoptosis was induced by 200 micromol/L H2O2. TFH in different concentrations (400, 200, and 100 microg/mL) could significantly lower the cell apoptosis rate induced by H2O2 respectively (all P < 0.05), and obviously inhibit Caspase-3 activities (all P < 0.01).
TFH could fight against H2O2 injured VECs apoptosis. Lowering the Caspase-3 expression was one of its mechanisms in protecting VECs.
The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic effects of total flavonoids from seed residues of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (FSH) in a high-fat diet fed mouse model. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks caused a significant rise of serum total cholesterol in mice. These hypercholesterolaemic mice then were orally administrated with different doses of FSH (50, 100 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) and simvastatin (20 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) for another 12 weeks under continuous HFD feeding.
FSH administration markedly reduced total mouse body, liver, and epididymal fat pad weights. Serum total cholesterol and low density of lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were also significantly decreased by FSH treatment. Additionally, FSH significantly lowered total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver, and the results were corroborated by transmission electron microscope findings. The rise in serum glucose was significantly suppressed by FSH treatment while improving impaired glucose tolerance.
These results suggest that FSH possesses hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic properties in mice fed a high-fat diet and could be developed as a supplement in healthcare foods and drugs.
Dietary habits have a major role in obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we compared the effects of sea buckthorn (SB) and its fractions, and bilberries (BBs) on associated variables of metabolic diseases on overweight and obese women.
In total, 110 female volunteers were recruited, and they followed four different berry diets (BB, SB, SB phenolic extract (SBe) and SB oil (SBo)) in a randomized order for 33-35 days. Each intervention was followed by a wash-out period of 30-39 days. Blood samples were drawn and physical measurements were performed after each period. Eighty volunteers completed the study.
There was statistically significant decrease in waist circumference after BB (Δ, -1.2 cm; P = 0.041) and SB (Δ, -1.1 cm; P = 0.008) periods and also a small decrease in weight after BB diet (Δ, -0.2 kg; P = 0.028). Vascular cell adhesion molecule decreased after BB (Δ, -49.8 ng/ml; P = 0.002) and SBo (Δ, -66.1 ng/ml; P = 0.001) periods, and in intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) after SBe diet (Δ, -6.1 ng/ml; P = 0.028).
Based on the results, it can be stated that different berries and berry fractions have various but slightly positive effects on the associated variables of metabolic diseases.
The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea buckthorn) (SBT) leaves by using various in vitro systems and analysis of marker compounds by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chemical composition of the leaf extracts was quantified by colorimetric reaction in terms of total phenol and flavonoids contents. Further, some of its bioactive phenolic constituents, such as quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were also quantified in both SBT leaf extracts by RP-HPLC. The SBT leaf extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity determined by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Further, both extracts were observed to have cytoprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase induced damage to BHK-21 cell line. The SBT leaf extracts showed growth inhibiting effect against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. These observations suggest that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Sea buckthorn leaves have marked antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial activities.
Hippophae rhamnoides, is a high altitude plant, possesses immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and adaptogenic activity and is widely used in treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to ascertain the safety of aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides fruit when administered by gavage to rats for 90 days. Four groups of animals, each consisting of 15 males and 15 females, were administered 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg extract, in a single dose/day. There were no treatment related change in mean body weight, organ/body weight ratio, histological, hematological and biochemical parameters studied in rats of either sex administered with extract at any dose evaluated. However, a significant increase in plasma glucose levels was observed in animals supplemented with 250 or 500 mg/kg extract, which returned to normal after a 2-week withdrawal of treatment. These results indicate no adverse effects of extract at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight/day in rats administered for 90-days. Based on the findings of this study, the NOAEL was 100mg/kg body weight/day of aqueous fruit extract of seabuckthorn in rats.
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 16:1(n-7)/16:1(n-7)/18:1(n-7) (Po/Po/V) and 16:1(n-7)/16:1(n-7)/18:1(n-9) (Po/Po/O) in pulp/peel oils of various sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) subspecies and varieties were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The regioisomerism of the TAGs was determined by tandem mass spectrometry using ammonia supplemented in the nebulizer gas to produce ammonium adducts. The regioisomer compositions of Po/Po/V (8-24% of PoVPo) and Po/Po/O (43-61% of PoOPo) both differed from the random distribution of fatty acids (33.3% of ABA) in all 32 sea buckthorn samples investigated. The regioisomer compositions were different between cultivated ssp. rhamnoides varieties, wild ssp. rhamnoides, and wild ssp. sinensis. Differences were also found in the regioisomerism of both Po/Po/V and Po/Po/O between the two cultivated ssp. rhamnoides varieties, Tytti and Terhi. In addition, growth location and harvesting years showed clear impacts on the regioisomer compositions of Po/Po/V and Po/Po/O. Higher temperatures showed positive correlations with the proportion of PoOPo in ssp. rhamnoides and wild ssp. sinensis and with the proportion of sn-PoPoV+sn-VPoPo in wild ssp. sinensis. However, higher temperatures, higher temperature sums, and radiation sums increased the accumulation of PoVPo in wild ssp. rhamnoides.
Based on research findings this study is aimed to generate database on ethnobotanical aspects, sustainable utilization by value addition and awareness generation through outreach programme related to Hippophae salicifolia D. Don. (Elaeagnaceae) in the higher Himalayan zone of Uttarakhand in Central Himalaya, India.
An in-depth survey from June 2004 to July 2006 followed by 480 interviews with the help of semi-structured questionnaires was carried out in 24 Hippophae growing locations in 12 different valleys of Uttarakhand.
Plant has immense multipurpose properties and is traditionally utilized for food (20(Min)-90%(Max)), medicine (10(Min)-60%(Max)), veterinary (20(Min)-100%(Max)), fuel (10(Min)-80%(Max)), fencing (20(Min)-80%(Max)), agricultural tools (20(Min)-50%(Max)) and dye mordant (60%). Besides, awareness programmes and value added product demonstration resulted in economical upliftment of local inhabitants of Central Himalaya.
The present manuscript will certainly provide an ethnobotanical statistics' impact on the modern scientific societies regarding conservation, cultivation and popularization of this underutilized wild edible species at mass scale. Simultaneously, these findings have important connotations in light of upcoming organic food and nutraceutical industries in the country.
Ten compounds were isolated from the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as hippophae cerebroside (1), oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), 19-alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (4), dulcioic acid (5), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarbox-aldehyde (6), cirsiumaldehyde (7), octacosanoic acid (8), palmitic acid (9) and 1-O-hexadecanolenin (10). Among them, 1 was a new compound, and 4-7 and 10 were obtained from the genus for the first time.
A 70% ethanol extract of the branches of Hippophae rhamnoides exhibited remarkable antitumor activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test in mice using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter. From the active fraction of the 70% ethanol extract, three phenolic compounds, (+)-catechin (1), (+)-gallocatechin (2), and (-)-epigallocatechin (3) and a tritepenoid, ursolic acid (4) were isolated and identified. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on TPA-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice. Within the tested compounds, 3 and 4 showed marked anti-inflammatory effects, with a 50% inhibitory dose of 1.7 and 0.2 mumol/ear.
The present study examined the protective effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., SBT) seed oil on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic damage in male ICR mice. Our results showed that oral administration of SBT seed oil at doses of 0.26, 1.30, and 2.60 mg/kg for 8 weeks significantly reduced the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol at least 13% in serum, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver at least 22%, that was induced by CCl(4) (1 mL/kg) in mice. Moreover, the treatment of SBT seed oil was also found to significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), and GSH content in liver up to 134%. Our study found that the optimal dose of SBT seed oil was 0.26 mg/kg, as the minimum amount exhibiting the greatest hepatoprotective effects on CCl(4)-induced liver injury. Overall, the hepatoprotective effect of SBT seed oil at all tested doses was found to be comparable to that of silymarin (200 mg/kg) and have been supported by the evaluation of the liver histopathology in mice.