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Handedness and Eye-dominance: A Meta-analysis of Their Relationship
Abstract
About one in ten people is left-handed and one in three is left-eyed. The extent of the association of handedness and eyedness is unclear, as some eyedness measures are potentially contaminated by measures of handedness. A meta-analysis of hand-eye concordance in 54,087 subjects from 54 populations, found that concordance was 2.69 x greater in questionnaire rather than performance studies, 1.95 x greater in studies using unimanual monocular performance measures, and 6.29 x greater in studies using non-sighting measures of eye-dominance. In the remaining studies, which seemed to show no evidence of bias, the odds-ratio for hand-eye concordance was 2.53 x; in a population with 9.25% left-handedness and 36.53% left-eyedness, 34.43% of right-handers and 57.14% of left-handers are left-eyed. This pattern of hand-eye association poses problems for genetic models of cerebral lateralisation, which must invoke pleiotropic alleles at a single locus or epistatic interactions between multiple loci. There was no evidence that the incidence of eyedness, or the association between eyedness and handedness, differed between the sexes.
... Right-eyed individuals show a larger left lateral occipital complex, and lefteyed individuals have a larger right lateral occipital complex (Jensen et al., 2015). In the average population with a right-/left-handed ratio of 10:1, the prevalence of individuals with left eye dominance is 34.44 % for right-handers and 57.17 % for left-handers (Bourassa, 1996). ...
... The relationship between eyedness and handedness has been studied for a long time (Bourassa, 1996;Çetkin et al., 2020;Dane et al., 2009). A meta-analysis by Brourassa (1996) has found that there are more left-eyed individuals in the group of left-handers than in the group of right-handers, and there is no sex difference in the incidence of eyedness or in the association between handedness and eyedness. ...
Lateralization manifests as a sensory or muscular preference. These preferences are often crucial for (1) handedness calculation (determined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory -EHI) and determination of self-reported handedness, (2) description of the relationship between handedness and different side preferences, specifically footedness, eyedness and chewing side preference. Our sample consisted of 133 laterality and EHI questionnaires filled in by healthy adults (self-reported 72 right-handed, 2 ambidextrous and 59 left-handed). Results showed that self-reported and calculated handedness were in a 100 % agreement for right-handers. There was an approximately 80 % agreement for left-handers, as only 8 individuals were classified as ambidextrous, and 2 individuals were classified as right-handers. There was a strong correlation between EHI activities and handedness. Footedness and chewing side preference showed a moderate correlation with handedness. Eyedness showed only a weak correlation. No significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, a significant relationship between self-reported and calculated handedness was found. Accuracy in categorizing handedness was 100 % for right-handers and 80 % for left-handers. Writing and drawing showed the strongest correlation with handedness, while eye preference had the weakest correlation. A crossed laterality was found more in left-handed individuals.
... Sixty-six to 72% of people who throw and write with their left hand have a left-eye dominance but only 24% of people who consistently throw and write with their right hand have left-eye dominance (McManus et al., 1999). Hand and eye dominance are matched in approximately 66% of cases (Bourassa et al., 1996). ...
... However, 25 players who were right-handed had dominant left eyes. This is much larger than would be expected in the general population (Bourassa et al., 1996). Only two players adopted a reversed-stance where hand dominance and stance preference are not aligned. ...
... Research investigating the neural basis of this phenomenon has reported, through fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies, that the dominant eye is linked to cerebral laterality. This involves significantly higher cortical activation and hand preference in response to stimuli in the dominant eye compared to the nondominant eye [7][8][9]. Structurally, ocular dominance has also been linked to asymmetry in the occipital complex [10]. ...
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare retinal and optic disc functions as well as vascular structures in dominant eyes (DE) and non-dominant eyes (NDE) among healthy adults using pattern electroretinogram (PERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) tests.
Methods
Seventy-two eyes of 36 healthy subjects with bilateral visual acuity of 1.0 were included. Parameters such as intraocular pressure (IOP), cycloplegic spherical equivalent value (SE), PERG, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses and OCTA measurements were evaluated. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test.
Results
Of the participants, 67% were female, with a median age of 28 (min–max.18–35) years. Right eye dominance was observed in 61.2% of cases, while left eye dominance was seen in 38.8%. There was no significant difference in refractive values between eyes with right and left eye dominance (0.60 ± 0.40 and 0.41 ± 0.28, p = 0.42). The dominant eyes showed significantly higher P50 amplitude (10.2 µV vs. 9.2 µV, p = 0.003) and shorter peak time (47.9 ms. vs. 48.6 ms, p = 0.01) when compared to the nondominant eyes. There were comparable values in the peak times and amplitudes of the N95 component between the dominant and nondominant eyes. The RNFL layer was thicker on average (p, 0.001) as well as in the nasal and inferior quadrants of the dominant eyes (p < 0.05). OCTA analysis revealed no significant differences in the peripapillary and macular capillary vascular densities between dominant and nondominant eyes (p > 0.05), except for the deep whole capillary density in the macula, which was significantly higher in the dominant eyes (p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Our results indicate the existence of functional and structural relationships related to ocular dominance. Future studies provide further insights into ocular dominance and its relationship with eye structure.
... While the use of asymmetric schemes for compressing and displaying multiview video content is growing, a major question arises regarding the effect of such schemes on the 3D quality of experience (QoE). As reported in [11], 70% of humans are right-eye dominant, 20% are left eyed, and 10% have no eye preference. Displaying asymmetric 3D content to viewers with different eye dominance is likely to affect binocular depth-cues perception and thus their 3D QoE. ...
Asymmetric schemes have widespread applications in the 3D video transmission pipeline. The significance of eye dominance becomes a concern when designing such schemes. In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of eye dominance on the perceptual 3D video quality, a database of representative asymmetric stereoscopic sequences is prepared and the overall 3D quality of these sequences is evaluated through subjective experiments. Experiment results showed that viewers find an asymmetric video more pleasant when the view with higher quality is projected to their dominant eye. Moreover, the eye dominance changes the mean opinion quality score by 16 % at most, a result caused by slight asymmetric video compression. For all other representative types of asymmetry, the statistical difference is much lower and in some cases even negligible.
... Therefore, the right view is used for computing the 2D saliency attributes. The motivation behind the selection of the right view is that humans are mostly right-eye dominant (approximately 70%) [31]. ...
Over the past decade, many computational saliency prediction models have been proposed for 2D images and videos. Considering that the human visual system has evolved in a natural 3D environment, it is only natural to want to design visual attention models for 3D content. Existing monocular saliency models are not able to accurately predict the attentive regions when applied to 3D image/video content, as they do not incorporate depth information. This paper explores stereoscopic video saliency prediction by exploiting both low-level attributes such as brightness, color, texture, orientation, motion, and depth, as well as high-level cues such as face, person, vehicle, animal, text, and horizon. Our model starts with a rough segmentation and quantifies several intuitive observations such as the effects of visual discomfort level, depth abruptness, motion acceleration, elements of surprise, size and compactness of the salient regions, and emphasizing only a few salient objects in a scene. A new fovea-based model of spatial distance between the image regions is adopted for considering local and global feature calculations. To efficiently fuse the conspicuity maps generated by our method to one single saliency map that is highly correlated with the eye-fixation data, a random forest based algorithm is utilized. The performance of the proposed saliency model is evaluated against the results of an eye-tracking experiment, which involved 24 subjects and an in-house database of 61 captured stereoscopic videos. Our stereo video database as well as the eye-tracking data are publicly available along with this paper. Experiment results show that the proposed saliency prediction method achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
... Bazı insanlar farklı beceri gerektiren işlerini farklı elleriyle de gerçekleştirebilir (16). Çalışmalar erkek bireylerde sol elin baskın olma oranının kadınlardan 1,3 kat daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir (17). Ülkemiz verileri de bu sonuçla benzer niteliktedir (18 ...
Her yıl ülkemizde trafik kazası, iş kazası, meslek hastalıkları gibi nedenlerle birçok kişi sağlığını yitirmekte ve yaşamının kalan kısmını değişik oranlarda gelişen bu hasar ile sürdürmektedir. Tazminat hukuku açısından gelişen hasarın oranını belirlemek için de yasal düzenlemelerde yer alan farklı tablolardan yararlanılmaktadır. Maluliyet/engellilik oranı belirlenirken hangi yönetmeliğin uygulanacağı son yıllarda sık değişen mevzuat nedeniyle yargı kararlarında da karışıklığa neden olmaktadır. Adli tıp polikliniğimizde uzun yıllardan beri, oldukça fazla sayıda maluliyet/engellilik oranı istemine cevap verilmektedir. Bu yazıda; yürürlükteki maluliyet/engellilik mevzuatı çerçevesinde, uygulamada karşılaşılan bazı sorunların tartışılması ve mevzuat içerisinde yer almayan ya da yetersiz olan bazı durumlar konusunda önerilerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Maluliyet/engellilik oranı hesaplamalarında açık, anlaşılabilir ve yorumlamaya fazla gerek duyulmayan yasal düzenlemelerin olması maluliyet/engellilik konusunda rapor düzenleyen bilirkişilerin işlerini kolaylaştırıcı önemli bir unsurdur. Aynı zamanda mevzuat içerisinde yer alan sekel tabloları değişen ve gelişen tıbbi bilgiler doğrultusunda belirli sürelerde konunun uzmanlarınca tartışılarak yenilenmelidir.
Increased incidence of left-eye and crossed hand-eye dominance have been considered as indicating left hemispheric dysfunction in many neuropsychiatric disorders. This study investigates the incidence of left-eye and crossed hand-eye dominance in patience with schizophrenia (n = 68), panic disorder (n = 62), personality disorder (n = 35), heroin addiction (n = 54), and mental retardation (n = 33), in comparison with controls (n = 944). All psychiatric groups, except the group with panic disorder, had significantly greater frequency of left-eye dominance than the control group. Furthermore, all psychiatric groups, except the personality-disordered group, had significantly greatest frequency of crossed hand-eye dominance than the control group. These findings further support the evidence of an anomaly in hemispheric lateralization among different psychiatric populations, particularly among those with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.
The relationship of sex with eyedness was examined in 176 boys and 129 girls ages 15 to 21 years (M = 16.9 yr., SD= 1.8) in Turkish high schools. Sex was significantly associated with handedness; the rate of left-handedness was 10.8% in boys and 2.3% in girls and was not related to eyedness. Rate of left-eyedness in the sample was 7.9% for boys and 8.5% for girls. One may wonder whether eyedness shows a reverse sex effect, less than handedness, but methods of measurement must be compared.
There are only a few studies in the literature concerning all four lateral preferences (handedness, footedness, eyedness, earedness) and presenting their interrelationships. Porac and Coren's 1981 inventory was used to assess hand, foot, eye, and ear preference in a German sample of 506 men and 430 women. A right sided preference was found for hand, foot, eye, and ear preference among 91%, 74%, 66%, and 63% of the sample, respectively. More men were left-handed and left-footed than women. There were no significant sex differences for eyedness and earedness. Correlations ranged from .22 between hand and eye laterality to .44 between hand and foot laterality.
The associations of sex and eyedness of consumers in a market and the market's lighting and wall color with price attraction and perceived quality of goods and the inside visual appeal were studied using an inventory after shopping by 440 men and 478 women, 20 to 60 years old (M = 29.3, SD=10.2). Two lights (soft and bright) and 4 colors (blue, yellow, green, and red) and neutral light (white) were used. Women rated the prices of goods more attractive compared to men. In the total sample, left-eye preferents rated visual appeal higher compared to right-eye preferents. Bright light was associated with higher visual appeal than soft light. Green was associated with the highest inside visual appeal and perceived quality of goods, which may be due to its intermediate wavelength.
This book arrays recent research on the neural and behavioral lateralization of the brain relying heavily on animal modes. The authors employ the comparative method to enhance our understanding of behavior, specifically through hand use and "handedness" by drawing comparisons with studies involving primates. Topics discussed include Patterns of Lateralized Behavior in Prosimians; Behavioral Lateralization in Language-Trained Chimpanzees; Patterns of Handedness: Comparative Study of Nursery School Children and Captive Gorillas; and Rotational Behavior in Children and Adults. It is the first book of its kind devoted entirely to the question of behavioral asymmetries in all primates and thus presents a milestone as it recognizes the accumulating evidence of asymmetry and lateralized behavior in the non-human nervous system.
Lateral preferences are strange, puzzling, and on the surface, not particularly adaptive aspects of behavior. Why one chooses habitually to write or to brush the teeth with the right hand, while a friend or family member habitually uses the left hand, might be interesting enough to elicit some conversation over dinner or a drink, but certainly does not seem to warrant serious scientific study. Yet when one looks at human behaviors more carefully, one becomes aware that asymmet rical behaviors favoring one side or the other are actually a fairly universal characteristic of human beings. In the same way that we are right or left handed, we are also right or left footed, eyed, and eared. As a species, we are quite lopsided in our behavioral coordinations; furthermore, the vast majority of us are right sided. Considering that we are looking at a sizable number of behaviors, and at a set of biases that seem to be systematic and show a predictable skew in the popUlation, the problem takes on greater significance. The most obvious form of lateral preference is, of course, handedness. When studying behavioral asymmetries, this is the issue with which most investigators start. Actually, we entered this research area through a much different route. Around 1971 we became interested in the problem of eye dominance or eye preference. This is a behavior where the input to one eye seems to be preferred over that to the other in certain binocular viewing situations.
The role which the dominant eye plays in ocular functions is as yet not fully determined. Although it has been recognized as being present, ophthalmologists have been indifferent as to its importance and the part it plays in maintaining normally coordinating eyes. The dominant eye may be defined as that eye which performs the major function of seeing, being assisted by the less dominant fellow eye. To state it differently, the two eyes do not affect the visual consciousness with equal force. One eye leads the other, and this leading eye is called the dominant eye. Just as the two hands are unequal in response, both from a motor and from a sensory standpoint, so are the eyes. Just as a person may be right handed or left handed, so he may be right eyed or left eyed.
Ocular dominance has not been found mentioned earlier than 1593, in Giovanni
• Two hundred schizophrenics were compared to 200 normal controls on a measure of laterality that included handedness, footedness, and eye dominance scales. Schizophrenics showed more left-sidedness on the laterality score. The established relationship between motoric and cognitive aspects of functional brain asymmetry, found in neurological and normal populations, suggests that the leftward tendency of schizophrenics may be manifested in cognitive and conative functions as well. These results seem to corroborate previous findings indicating that schizophrenia might be related to left hemisphere dysfunction. No relationship was found between handedness and eye dominance either in the schizophrenic or the normal groups. This finding questions the assumption that eyedness-handedness nonconcordance is a pathological sign.
: Multivariate techniques were used to explore the relationship between ocular dominance and asymmetries in visual acuity or acuity dominance. The convergence distance under which the acuity testing takes place was found to affect the relationship between these two variables.