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Recent studies on aphrodisiac herbs for the management of male sexual dysfunction - A review
Abstract
An aphrodisiac is a type of food or drink that has the effect of making those who eat or drink it more aroused in a sexual way. Aphrodisiacs can be categorized according to their mode of action into three groups: substances that increase libido (i.e., sexual desire, arousal), substances that increase sexual potency (i.e., effectiveness of erection) and substances that increase sexual pleasure. Some well-known aphrodisiacs are Tribulus terrestrins, Withania somnifera, Eurycoma longifolia, Avena sativa, Ginko biloba, and Psoralea coryifolia. Ethnobotanical surveys have indicated a large number of plants as aphrodisiacs. The paper reviews the recent scientific validation on traditionally used herbal plants as aphrodisiac herbs for the management of sexual disorder erectile dysfunction.
... Bufo toad skin and glands contain bufotenine (and other bufadienolides), a hallucinogenic congener of serotonin. It is the active ingredient in West Indian -love stone‖ and the Chinese medication chan su [13][14][15] in traditional Chinese medicine, Panax ginseng is used as a sex stimulant. It works as an antioxidant by enhancing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the endothelium of corpora cavernosa (CC); ginsenosides also cause transmural nerve stimulation-activated relaxation associated with increased tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate. ...
... Their weight gain was measured every week so as to get the accurate weight gain at the end of acclimatization period. At the end of three (3) weeks of acclimatization, the animals were started on normal feed and water and were administered respectively the extracts for fourteen (14) days. After, the above treatment, sexually mature female rats were introduced to the treated males and were observed for sexual activities. ...
... The animals were fed with standard feed and water ad libitum for twenty-one (21) days and were re-weighed, after which their masses-initial and final were recorded. At the end of three (3) weeks of acclimatization, the animals were started on normal feed and water and were administered respectively the Sida acuta leaf extracts for Fourteen (14) days. As, the above treatments were ongoing, sexually mature female rats were introduced to the males that are being treated and were observed for enhanced sexual activities that should result from the administration of the Sida acuta leaf extracts as aphrodisiac. ...
Aphrodisiac is a socio-reproductive and economic term in man's life. This study aims at investigating the aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Sida acuta leaves on male albino rats. The extraction gave a yield of 68% and further characterization of aqueous extract showed: appearance; solution, colour; dark amber, odour; slight odour, taste; terminal bitter leaf water, and texture; slightly slippery. The chemical properties of the extract showed proximate composition as: dry matter; 92.28%, crude proteins; 16.04%, ash; 8.53%, crude fibre; 4.18% , ethanol extract; 1.57% and energy; 2760 kcal / kg. The phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids gave 6.67 ± 0.006; flavonoids; 2.94 ± 0.06; saponins; cross check; tannins; 4.14 ± 0.06; cardiac glycosides; 5.93 ± 0.05; phlobatanins; 3.92 ± 0.06; terpenoids; 5.59 ± 0.05 and anthraquinones; cross check. The extracts were fed to acclimatized sexually mature male albino rats which had their mature females introduced to them in isolated cages where their sexual behaviours were observed using CCTV Camera. Within an hour of observing these animals, it was noticed that the number of mountings increased in the order of viagra > ethanol > aqueous. The duration of intromission and coitus increased in the order of viagra > ethanol > aqueous. The number of ejaculations however, increased; ethanol > aqueous > viagra, and the detumescence time also followed the above order. This study showed that Sida acuta extracts significantly (p > 0.05) has aphrodisiac potentials that mimic viagra, and that these potentials are dose and time-dependent.
... Although there is reportedly an extensive use of TCAM for the management of male sexual dysfunction, including EjD [23][24][25][26], the extent of the available clinical trials of TCMA for EjD has remained unclear. Following a PRISMA-guided systematic literature ...
... Although there is reportedly an extensive use of TCAM for the management of male sexual dysfunction, including EjD [23][24][25][26], the extent of the available clinical trials of TCMA for EjD has remained unclear. Following a PRISMA-guided systematic literature search, only a few controlled clinical trials (n = 22) were identified that investigated a wide range of different interventions that can be considered TCAM (Table 1). ...
... Extractions of herbal medicines contain secondary plant metabolites that can work synergistically or as isolates on human physiology [95]. Herbal medicine is commonly used to enhance or improve male sexual function, with over 700 species used traditionally for this purpose [23,24]. Hypericum perforatum L. (Saint John's wort) is used traditionally in Chinese, Greek and Islamic medicine systems and is a popular medicinal herb globally, prominently as an anti-depressant treatment [27,28,97]. ...
Background and Objectives: Ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is a common male sexual disorder that includes premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation. Although psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) is reportedly used. However, the clinical evidence for TCAM in EjD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review human clinical trials investigating the use of TCAM to treat EjD. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted by searching Scopus and PubMed databases. Controlled clinical trials investigating a cohort of male patients diagnosed primarily with EjD and undergoing any TCAM intervention compared to any comparison group were included. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: Following article screening, 22 articles were included. Of these, 21 investigated TCAM in premature ejaculation, and only 1 investigated TCAM in retrograde ejaculation. Different TCAM categories included studies that investigated lifestyle, exercise and/or physical activities (n = 7); herbal medicine supplements (n = 5); topical herbal applications (n = 4); acupuncture or electroacupuncture (n = 3); vitamin, mineral and/or nutraceutical supplements (n = 1); hyaluronic acid penile injection (n = 1); and music therapy (n = 1). Only 31.8% (n = 7) of the included studies were found to have a low risk of bias. The available studies were widely heterogenous in the TCAM intervention investigated and comparison groups used. However, the included studies generally showed improved outcomes intra-group and when compared to placebo. Conclusions: Different TCAM interventions may have an important role particularly in the management of PE. However, more studies using standardized interventions are needed.
... It is one of the prevalent forms of sexual dysfunction. It may be managed with the help of aphrodisiacs [4]. ...
... Aphrodisiacs are substances or agents (food, drug, scent, or device) that stimulate the erotic instinct, induce venereal desire, and surge pleasure and performance [4]. The study of aphrodisiacs is needed for effective corroboration of traditional medicine practice with a scientific approach on information, collection, preparation, side effects, efficacy, safety, and standardization of some of the plant parts. ...
... ED may also influence the quality of life of female partners of men with ED by depriving them of sexual satisfaction. Aphrodisiacs are substances or agents that stimulate erotic instinct, induce venereal desire, and surge pleasure and performance [4]. The adverse effects resulting from the use of orthodox aphrodisiacs to enhance sexual satisfaction in males with ED could be major setbacks in their applications. ...
Background: There are several methods and remedies available for managing sexual dysfunction, a major issue,
among such is the use of aphrodisiacs. There is still the search for aphrodisiacs, especially those from natural or
plant-based sources Pheonix dactylifera is used in folk medicine as an aphrodisiac. This study was designed to
investigate the possible mechanism of its aphrodisiac action using the molecular docking technique, which was to
dock compounds unto target proteins that contribute to the management of erectile dysfunction.
Methods: About 49 compounds were obtained from Pubchem library, by virtual screening of articles related to P.
dactylifera, ligand library generated and docked against various targets ; phosphodiesterase-5, arginase II, aromatase,
angiotensin-converting enzyme, and alpha-1 adrenoceptors of interest, concerning associated with erection and
erectile dysfunction (ED).
Results: Rutin, pelargonin, procyanidins, quercetin, and procyanidins showed good docking scores on some of the
targets used for the study.
Conclusion: Rutin, pelargonin, procyandins may be potential drugs for ED.
Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera; Aphrodisiac; Molecular docking; Erectile dysfunction
... Aphrodisiacs refer to foods, drinks or drugs that increase sexual desire or arouse sexual response (Malviya et al., 2011) [13] . These substances may be obtained from plants, animals or minerals. ...
... Aphrodisiacs refer to foods, drinks or drugs that increase sexual desire or arouse sexual response (Malviya et al., 2011) [13] . These substances may be obtained from plants, animals or minerals. ...
... Aphrodisiacs may be expected to act in either or all of these three ways; increase libido via the endocrine system, improve erection (which may be through its effects on neurotransmitters and some enzymes involved in sexual function), and enhance of sexual pleasure (may be via psychologically-mediated pathway of sexual function) (Kotta et al., 2013) [10] . Some aphrodisiacs have been indicated in the management of erectile dysfunction (Malviya et al., 2011) [13] The discovery of this class of agents can be traced to the early 1980s when injectable vasoactive drugs (papavarine, phentolamine) capable of producing firm and lasting erections were introduced (Brindley, 1983) [5] . Currently available drugs for the treatments of ED have limited efficacy, unpleasant adverse effects and contraindications. ...
Folklore medical practitioners have indicated the roots of Waltheria indica in the management of erectile dysfunction but there seems to be no sufficient scientific evidence to support the claim. This study investigated the aphrodisiac and fertility enhancing potentials of the ethanol root extract of Waltheria indica using the fruit fly (Drosophilia melanogaster) model. A total of 24 sexually inexperience male flies were randomly allotted to four groups. The negative control (group A) was fed on 0.2 ml of 10% ethanol only and groups B, C, and D received 0.025% w/w, 0.05% w/w and 0.1% w/w of extract respectively. Mating studies showed a significant difference in mating latency of treated flies at (p< 0.01, p< 0.001 and p<0.01) for groups B, C and D respectively, when compared with control. Copulation duration results did not show any significant difference between treated groups and control although there were observable dose related differences. The extract had no effect on fecundity. In conclusion, the extract enhances sexual performance without a corresponding enhancement in fertility in D. melanogaster. This has implication on its current use in ethnomedicine.
... Aphrodisiacs can be defined as substances that are ingested, applied topically, smoked / sniffed or delivered to the body to induce sexual arousal, increase sexual experience, and improve sexual performance [11] . An aphrodisiac also includes any food or drug that arouses the sexual instinct, induces venereal desire and increases pleasure and performance [12] . Methods commonly used in aphrodisiac study can be assigned into physical methods including male sexual behavior (Mount Frequency, Mount Latency, Intromission frequency, Intromission latency, Ejaculation frequency, etc.) [13] . ...
... The prolongation of ejaculatory latency after administration of the extract may be considered as a strong indication that the sexual function of male rats has been improved by prolonged coitus and suggesting aphrodisiac activity. According to Malviya et al. (2011) [12] and Shamloul (2010) [30] , substances that act on male sexual reflexes such as ejaculation are considered as aphrodisiacs. These observations are similar to those reported by Abedi et al. (2012) [3] who studied the effect of the aqueous extract of pollen grains of Phoenix dactylifera on the sexual behavior of rats. ...
... The prolongation of ejaculatory latency after administration of the extract may be considered as a strong indication that the sexual function of male rats has been improved by prolonged coitus and suggesting aphrodisiac activity. According to Malviya et al. (2011) [12] and Shamloul (2010) [30] , substances that act on male sexual reflexes such as ejaculation are considered as aphrodisiacs. These observations are similar to those reported by Abedi et al. (2012) [3] who studied the effect of the aqueous extract of pollen grains of Phoenix dactylifera on the sexual behavior of rats. ...
Alchornea cordifolia, a shrub found in tropical Africa, is used to treat several physiological disorders, including male infertility and impotency. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the sexual behavior of senescent and sexually inexperienced rats. In order to evaluate aphrodisiac properties and reproductive performance, rats were divided into groups: group I receiving distilled water, group II receiving testosterone, group III receiving sildenafil citrate, group IV and V receiving the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves at 200 mg / kg and 400 mg / kg, respectively. The treatment was done by gavage for groups I, III, IV and V and subcutaneous injection of testosterone every three days for group II for 14 days. On days 1, 7 and 14, the rats were mated to the receptive females. At the end of this last treatment, the rats were mated with gonad-intact females. 14 days after of treatment, the extract leads to an increase in libido and sexual performance parameters (mounts, intromissions and ejaculations frequency) and an increase in sexual desire (decrease of mount and intromission latency). The extract also prolonged the duration of coitus by increasing the ejaculation latency and the average interval of copulation. An increase in the percentage of female’s rats impregnated as well as the numbers of implantations were recorded in females’ rats mated with the males treated with our extract. These results reveal the potential of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves to improve male reproductive performance justifying its use in traditional medicine
... Bibliografía: [268][269][270][271][272][273] ...
... Bibliografía: [269,[282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289] ...
... Bibliografía: [269,290] YOHIMBINA La yohimbina se trata de un extracto del Pausinystalia johimbe, un árbol nativo de África central. Mediante la extracción de sus alcaloides, se produce un polvo que sirve como suplemento con fines estimulantes y afrodisiacos. ...
This book is intended for anyone passionate about nutrition and
sports supplementation. It aims to introduce readers to what
regards the subject, combining areas such as nutrition, biological chemistry, the physiology of the exercise, food science and pharmacology. It is by no means intended to replace a good
book on each of these areas, just try to give a general snapshot of each of the substances that are currently being used in the world of supplementation sports, its functions, applications, benefits and doses that are usually used.
Heber E. Andrada
October 5, 2020
... The video was later played back to and the following monitored sexual behaviour parameters were counted: Mount This is characterized by longer, deeper pelvic thrusting and slow dismount followed by a period of inactivity] and Post Ejaculatory Interval [The time interval between ejaculation and erection of the male copulatory organ for the next phase of sexual cycle] (Amin et al., 1996;Agmo, 1997). Sexual dysfunction was considered successfully induced in male rats which showed minimum of 25 % reduction in MF, IF and EF as well as minimum increase of 25 % in ML, IL, EL and PEI (Malviya et al., 2011). ...
... Clonidine reduced MF, IF and EF and prolonged ML, IL, EL and PEI by more than the 25 % bench mark stipulated by Malviya et al. (2011). A reduction in MF implies reduced sexual motivation, while decreased IF indicates reduced ability to obtain and sustain erection coupled with bad penile orientation that will make vaginal penetration difficult. ...
This study evaluated the phytochemistry, male sexual function (MSF)-enhancing and toxicity potentials of aqueous root extract of G. erubescens (AREGE). For the MSF test, 30 rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, D, E and F, each group containing 5 rats. Group A represented the control and received only distilled water. Sexual dysfunction was induced in rats of groups B-F by orally administering clonidine (0.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Rats in groups B-F were thereafter treated with distilled water, 13.43 mg/kg BW Kongy [standard drug], AREGE [50 mg/kg BW], AREGE [100 mg/kg BW] and AREGE [200 mg/kg BW] respectively. Rats were treated for 7 days, sacrificed and their blood, penises and testes collected for analysis of selected MSF-associated biochemical parameters. For the toxicity study, 40 rats were randomly divided into groups W, X, Y and Z of 10 rats each and administered distilled water, AREGE [50 mg/kg BW], AREGE [100 mg/kg BW] and AREGE [200 mg/kg BW] respectively. Five rats per group were sacrificed 24 h after treatment for 1 day while the rest were sacrificed 24 h after treatment for 21 days. Their blood, livers and kidneys were collected for liver/kidney function indices determination. Extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, iron, zinc, selenium, glutamic acid, arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine among others. Clonidine reduced testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), nitric oxide (NO) and prolactin levels. The extract significantly increased (p < 0.05) testosterone, serum LH, DHT, prolactin and penile NO concentrations when compared with the clonidine and distilled water-treated group. Extract also significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), sodium, phosphate, creatinine, urea, liver/serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) but reduced kidney GGT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum total protein levels when compared with the control. Available results show that AREGE possesses MSF-enhancing activity but poses a threat to the normal functioning of the liver and kidney.
... Herbal plants appear to be more beneficial in the treatment of male infertility than other methods because they are less invasive and less expensive in terms of physical and emotional treatment (Mohammadi &, Hossein Nikzad, Aliakbar Taherian, Javad Amini Mahabadi, 2013;Roozbeh et al., 2021). A large number of studies have recently shown that herbs can naturally improve sperm quality and treat male infertility (Malviya et al., 2011;Nantia et al., 2009;Pratap & Rajender, 2012;State et al., 2013;Umadevi et al., 2013). Most herbs with anti-infertility potential have also been shown to be more effective in treating male infertility, with little to no adverse effects on human health (Malviya et al., 2011). ...
... A large number of studies have recently shown that herbs can naturally improve sperm quality and treat male infertility (Malviya et al., 2011;Nantia et al., 2009;Pratap & Rajender, 2012;State et al., 2013;Umadevi et al., 2013). Most herbs with anti-infertility potential have also been shown to be more effective in treating male infertility, with little to no adverse effects on human health (Malviya et al., 2011). Furthermore, some research suggests that antioxidant supplements in subfertile men may improve the outcomes of live birth and pregnancy rates with no negative side effects (de Ligny et al., 2022). ...
Infertility due to poor sperm quality is a common problem nowadays, particularly in developed countries. Herbs are one of the natural treatment options that have been proposed. Phyllanthus gomphocarpus Hook. F is a tropical plant that has traditionally been used in Malaysia to treat male infertility. Antioxidant characterization of its root aqueous extraction was performed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Male rats were administered two different concentrations of the extract orally along with BPA for 21 days, and their sperm was evaluated using Computer-Assisted-Sperm-Analysis (CASA). The results showed that this plant has a high antioxidant capacity, with 78.6 ± 0.65 %, 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/ml, 28.52 ± 0.13 mg GAE/g and 164.73 ± 23.13 mg QE/g, for DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC respectively. The ability of this plant to enhance sperm concentration, motility, velocity, progression ratio, elongation, and percentages of normal sperm morphology significantly with p<0.05, appears to be due to its high antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, this plant was found to have sperm-protective effects against the endocrine disruptor BPA. A thorough investigation is required to determine the full mechanism of this plant's beneficial effects on male fertility and human health.
... Ariyo effects besides being readily available and relatively inexpensive have been advocated and used since the 1930's for sexual dysfunction with varying degrees of success (Malviya et al., 2011;Meena et al., 2013). WHO (2003) reported that sexual dysfunction is one of the most frequently mentioned reasons that drive men to consult traditional healers. ...
... Erectile dysfunction for instance has been handled and treated by local communities for ages using several plant species (Sumalatha et al., 2010;Ramachandran et al., 2004), including several plants that have also been used as aphrodisiacs to increase sexual desire. Other studies have gone further and demonstrated the effect of plant extract on blood testosterone concentration (Malviya et al., 2011). In recent years, such findings have intensified the search for natural supplements from medicinal plants that could alleviate the symptoms of sexual dysfunctions, more so since herbs that have been used successfully to boost libido and induce erection also increase sperm count and consequently male fertility (Muanya and Odukoya, 2008). ...
The documentation of the medicinal uses of plants is becoming increasingly urgent because of the rapid loss of some plants' natural habitat due to anthropogenic activities. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is also at risk of extinction due to the dependency on oral transmission, and as such, there is an urgent need to document such knowledge. The study aimed to document medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria, and was conducted from April to December 2019. A total of 160 respondents comprised of an equal number of Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMPs) or herbalists and hunters were selected from the study area. Medicinal information was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The interview was conducted one-on-one using the local language (Yoruba). Data were analyzed with percentages, frequency of citation (FC) and relative frequency of citation (RFC). A total number of 25 plant species belonging to 20 families were reported to be used to treat erectile dysfunction in the study area. Fabaceae subfamily of Caesalpinioidea and Mimisoideae contributed the highest number of plant species. Of the plant identified during the survey, Epimedium grandiflorum had the highest frequency and relative frequency of citation (FC= 150, RFC = 0.94). Roots had the highest percentage of plant parts used. The major method of preparation of the recipes was by grinding while the route of administration of recipes was oral. Most medicinal plants are rare and collected from the wild (forest) while only a few are cultivated. The study showed that local people still have good knowledge of traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction. There is a need for domestication, adequate protection and conservation of these useful medicinal plants to prevent their extinction. Also, studies on the phytochemicals and pharmacological constituents of these medicinal plants to confirmed their bioactive ingredients relevant to the treatment of erectile dysfunction to be utilized for synthetic drugs.
... The video was later played back to and the following monitored sexual behaviour parameters were counted: Mount This is characterized by longer, deeper pelvic thrusting and slow dismount followed by a period of inactivity] and Post Ejaculatory Interval [The time interval between ejaculation and erection of the male copulatory organ for the next phase of sexual cycle] (Amin et al., 1996;Agmo, 1997). Sexual dysfunction was considered successfully induced in male rats which showed minimum of 25 % reduction in MF, IF and EF as well as minimum increase of 25 % in ML, IL, EL and PEI (Malviya et al., 2011). ...
... Clonidine reduced MF, IF and EF and prolonged ML, IL, EL and PEI by more than the 25 % bench mark stipulated by Malviya et al. (2011). A reduction in MF implies reduced sexual motivation, while decreased IF indicates reduced ability to obtain and sustain erection coupled with bad penile orientation that will make vaginal penetration difficult. ...
This study evaluated the phytochemistry, male sexual function (MSF)-enhancing and toxicity potentials of aqueous root extract of G. erubescens (AREGE). For the MSF test, 30 rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, D, E and F, each group containing 5 rats. Group A represented the control and received only distilled water. Sexual dysfunction was induced in rats of groups B-F by orally administering clonidine (0.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Rats in groups B-F were thereafter treated with distilled water, 13.43 mg/kg BW Kongy [standard drug], AREGE [50 mg/kg BW], AREGE [100 mg/kg BW] and AREGE [200 mg/kg BW] respectively. Rats were treated for 7 days, sacrificed and their blood, penises and testes collected for analysis of selected MSF-associated biochemical parameters. For the toxicity study, 40 rats were randomly divided into groups W, X, Y and Z of 10 rats each and administered distilled water, AREGE [50 mg/kg BW], AREGE [100 mg/kg BW] and AREGE [200 mg/kg BW] respectively. Five rats per group were sacrificed 24 h after treatment for 1 day while the rest were sacrificed 24 h after treatment for 21 days. Their blood, livers and kidneys were collected for liver/kidney function indices determination. Extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, iron, zinc, selenium, glutamic acid, arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine among others. Clonidine reduced testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), nitric oxide (NO) and prolactin levels. The extract significantly increased (p < 0.05) testosterone, serum LH, DHT, prolactin and penile NO concentrations when compared with the clonidine and distilled water-treated group. Extract also significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), sodium, phosphate, creatinine, urea, liver/serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) but reduced kidney GGT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum total protein levels when compared with the control. Available results show that AREGE possesses MSF-enhancing activity but poses a threat to the normal functioning of the liver and kidney.
... The roots of Java Ginseng were known have an ability as tonic and believed to be beneficial to reproductive system. [28,26,18] An aphrodisiac act to arouses sexual desire (libido) [12] . That also can affect hormone regulation and body sistemic motion, so it has a big effect not only to psycho-physiological but also to internal's body systems [12] . ...
... [28,26,18] An aphrodisiac act to arouses sexual desire (libido) [12] . That also can affect hormone regulation and body sistemic motion, so it has a big effect not only to psycho-physiological but also to internal's body systems [12] . The activity of aphrodisiac gives masculinization effect, contribute to spermatogenesis in testes, increase the aggressiveness, growth of bones and muscles, as well as increase the sexual behavior. ...
Java Ginseng known as Som Java, traditionally used by local society as a side dish. Research showed the root's extract of that plant has an aphrodisiac activity, but there wasn't recent research shows the potential of the leaves extract. The aim of this research was to observe the effect of leaves extract of Java Ginseng as aphrodisiac. The aphrodisiac activity was monitored by the sexual behaviour and libido testing. The male's sexual behaviour were monitored within 25 minutes. As many as 30 rats (Wistar, 4 months age, weighed 200-300 g), were divided into three groups that each group have five pairs included five male rats and five female rats. A group as a negative control treated with aquadest for male and female rats and two groups were male treated with drug-arouses sexual desire and leaves extract of Java Ginseng respectively. All female rats were administrated with ethynilestradiol (EE2) and medrogsiprogesteron, except to negative control. Drug-arouses sexual desire and leaves extract of Java ginseng (equal to 55 mg/ drug powder) were administrated orally in male rats. The rats were observed by the time female into the same cage of male up to the first mount (mounting latency/ML) and number of mount (mounting frequency/MF). The results were statistically analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Least Significantly Difference (LSD). The research showed that the leaves extract of Java Ginseng can arouses sexual behavior of male rats which act on reduce the mounting latency.
... The IIEF is a validated subjective score with high sensitivity and specificity for ED [1], and is used as a global standard in the clinical investigation of conventional and surgical interventions for ED [9,10]. ED can be classified as severe (IIEF score ≤7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11), mild-to-moderate (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and mild (17)(18)(19)(20)(21), while a IIEF score of ≥22 indicates no ED [9]. ...
... Up to 718 plant species are used in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs, compounds that increase sexual arousal, libido, potency (erection) and/or sexual pleasure [13,19]. Top selling products on the market include items containing the herbs Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng), Tribulus terrestris (Tribulus), Epimedium gradiflorum (Horny goat weed), Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo), Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat ali), and Pausinystalia johimbe (yohimbine), and nutraceuticals such as B complex vitamins, zinc, trace minerals, L-arginine, aspartate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) [6,15,20,21]. ...
Objectives: To systematically review and discuss the current evidence from placebo-controlled clinical trials that investigated the use of alternative medicines and herbal remedies in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED).
Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-based systematic review using specific keyword combinations was conducted on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Randomised controlled trials investigating herbal medicine in at least one group and using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) as an outcome in patients primarily diagnosed with ED were included for review.
Results: Following the literature search, screening and eligibility analysis, a total of 42 articles were included. The 42 articles were categorised as single herb extractions (n = 14), combination herbal formula (n = 5), combination of herbal formula and non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 7), non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 5), acupuncture and moxibustion (n = 2), diet and nutrition (n = 3), exercise (n = 5), and topical treatments (n = 1). Based on the results, Korean ginseng, Pygnogenol and Prelox, Tribulus terrestris, Lepidium meyenii, L-arginine, acupuncture and lifestyle interventions were the more predominantly investigated treatments interventions for ED.
Conclusions: Panax ginseng, Pygnogenol, Prelox and Tribulus terrestris have promising evidence as herbal products, alongside L-arginine as a nutritional supplement, for ED based on IIEF outcomes, and warrant further clinical investigation. The mechanisms of action remain unclear, but each of these appears to in part increase nitric oxide synthesis. Importantly, improved diet and exercise should be considered, particularly in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
... Due to the positive impact of B. natalensis on penile erection and sexual behavior parameters, the stem of this plant is extensively used in the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions (Ajao et al., 2019;Malviya et al., 2011;Yakubu and Afolayan, 2009). An ethnobotanical survey has documented the traditional uses of B. natalensis plants as an aphrodisiac which can be used to arouse sexual instinct, induce general desire, and increase pleasure and performance (Malviya et al., 2011). ...
... Due to the positive impact of B. natalensis on penile erection and sexual behavior parameters, the stem of this plant is extensively used in the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions (Ajao et al., 2019;Malviya et al., 2011;Yakubu and Afolayan, 2009). An ethnobotanical survey has documented the traditional uses of B. natalensis plants as an aphrodisiac which can be used to arouse sexual instinct, induce general desire, and increase pleasure and performance (Malviya et al., 2011). Bulbine natalensis is commonly called as "testosterone booster", and this is presented in the study of Yakubu and Afolayan (2010), where the effect of aqueous stem extracts of B. natalensis and its anabolic and androgenic effects in male Wistar rats were investigated. ...
Bulbine natalensis Baker is a native succulent herb that belongs to the family Asphodelaceae, and is regarded as precious, highly valued, and extensively used throughout the continent for medicinal purposes and in treating male impotency due to the aphrodisiac and invigorating effect. This study reviews the status of B. natalensis ethnobotanical uses, biological and chemical properties. This review was conducted from April 2019 to February 2020 by applying the mixed-method review approach, and in the framework of a complete description of B. natalensis species, data on morphology, distribution, and economic importance were discussed. Pharmacological screening reported that B. natalensis possesses anti-inflammatory and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. The bulbous plant vapour contains substances such as tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and alkaloids. Scientific evaluations from various researchers have substantiated the use of B. natalensis in the enhancement of male sexual disorders, cure of wounds, rashes, itches, ringworm, diabetes, rheumatism, cracked lips and herpes, diarrhea, and paroxysms among other diseases.
... In addition, the use of P. dactylifera pollen suspension helps to improve sperm count, motility and morphology and also causes a concomitant increase in testicular and epididymal weight. This is because it contains estradiol and flavonoid components that have a positive effect on sperm quality (Malviya et al., 2011). Research has shown that P. dactylifera pollen can stimulate the gonads (Ishurd and Kennedy, 2005). ...
Purpose: The multifaceted nature of male infertility requires innovative approaches, leading researchers to explore the potential of phytotherapy to improve reproductive health. Phytotherapy offers a promising prospect for individuals seeking alternative treatments for male infertility, harnessing the natural therapeutic properties of plant-based compounds. The aim of this work is to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of phytotherapy as a promising alternative treatment for male infertility. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and clinical trials, this research aims to elucidate the potential benefits of phytotherapeutic interventions in improving sperm quality, enhancing reproductive parameters and addressing the underlying causes of male infertility. Methodology. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The search was conducted from 1970 to 2024, with no language restrictions. The following keywords and combinations of keywords were used: “phytotherapy”, “male infertility”, “herbal medicine”, “plant extracts”, “natural remedies” and “herbal supplements”. In addition, relevant articles were identified through manual searches of the reference lists of the retrieved trials and review articles. Articles were included if they met the following criteria: (1) original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical trials investigating the efficacy of phytotherapy in the treatment of male infertility; (2) studies reporting outcomes related to sperm quality, reproductive hormones, semen parameters or fertility outcomes; (3) human studies involving adult men diagnosed with infertility or subfertility; (4) studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Scientific novelty. While conventional treatments for male infertility often focus on hormonal therapies, surgery or assisted reproductive techniques, this manuscript highlights the potential of phytotherapy as an alternative approach. By exploring natural remedies derived from medicinal plants, this manuscript offers new insights into complementary strategies for the treatment of male infertility. The emphasis on alternative treatments reflects a growing interest in holistic and integrative approaches to reproductive medicine. In addition to discussing the broader concept of phytotherapy, this manuscript examines the efficacy of specific phytochemicals in the treatment of male infertility. By focusing on individual compounds and their pharmacological effects, this manuscript advances our understanding of the bioactive constituents responsible for the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants. This targeted approach allows for a more nuanced evaluation of phytotherapeutic interventions and facilitates the identification of potential drug candidates. Conclusions. The use of various medicinal plants with benefits for male reproductive health was discussed, including Tribulus terrestris, Apium graveolens, Withania somnifera, Cornus mas, Fumaria parviflora, Phoenix dactylifera and many others, was discussed. The mechanisms by which these herbal remedies may exert their effects on sperm quality, reproductive hormones and overall fertility were also demonstrated. The role of plants as adjunctive therapies to address underlying conditions associated with male infertility, such as oxidative stress, inflammation and hormonal imbalances, was discussed. Although promising, clinical evidence for the efficacy of herbal treatments for male infertility remains limited, highlighting the need for further well-designed clinical trials and studies. Nevertheless, the integration of medicinal plants into comprehensive fertility care protocols offers a promising avenue for improving male reproductive health outcomes and warrants further exploration.
... Plant parts have been employed and used in the treatment and prevention of a variety of ailments over time 28 . Ancient people were aware of the use of herbal medicine to cure a variety of diseases, including infertility, increased sexual performance, sexual desire, and pleasure 29 . Herbal remedies are non-prescription treatments made from plants and plant parts that are used to cure a variety of illnesses and ailments. ...
Aims: Lead as a common environmental toxic metal, causes many histological, physiological and biomedical abnormalities in human and animals. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of tannins on serum level of testosterone, LH and FSH and histology of the testes of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups, (n=5). Group NS was administered normal saline only, Group PBO was administered with 30mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead, group LDTPB was administered with 50 mg/kg BW of tannins and 30mg/kg BW of lead, group MDTPB was administered with 100mg/kg BW of tannins and 30mg/kg BW of lead, group HDTPB was administered 150mg/kg BW of tannins and 30mg/kg BW of lead orally for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed and testes were harvested on day 29 of the experiment and histological and histochemistry studies done using the H&E and VVG staining respectively. Sperm parameters (motility, concentration), sex hormones (Testosterone, LH, FSH) and antioxidant activities were also determined. Results: There was Leydig cell proliferation and an increase series of spermatogenesis of the testes in the rats of groups administered with lead and tannins different doses (LDTPB, MDTPB and HDTPB) when compared with rats administered with lead only. Rats in groups LDTPB, MDTPB and HDTPB had a significant increase in levels of serum testosterone (p<0.05) when compared with positive control group (2). There was increase in levels of FSH in MDTPB and HDTPB groups when compared with positive control (2). Increased MDA levels were observed in the rats given lead only, PBO when compared to NS group. The rats given lead and tannins significant growth of seminiferous epithelium, improved sperm quality, and had decreased MDA levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the protective role of tannins fraction of Cyperus esculentus on lead-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats.
... increased ejaculation latency following the treatment of diabetic male Wister rats with 200 mg/kg body weight of A. cordifolia extract compared with the diabetic control and standard antidiabetic group that received a known antidiabetic drug (Metformin). This indicated sexual pleasure and performance [50] as well as inducing ability of A. cordifolia extract, which further showed the aphrodisiac activity of the extract. The findings also corroborated the results of Njile et al [44] on elevation of ejaculation latency in senescent and sexually naive male Wistar rats following A. cordifolia administration at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. ...
... Similarly, phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have been reported to exhibit an aphrodisiac effect through a mechanism that is similar to that of phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil (34,35) and by interacting with central pathways that participate in libido or sexual arousal (36,37). Some flavonoids have been shown to raise androgen levels, which results in greater libido and sexual performance (33,38). ...
... Aphrodisiacs/erectile dysfunction are forms of sexual dysfunction that can affect an individual or the quality of life of a couple. As a result, there will be a desire to activate sexual instincts and boost pleasure and performance (Malviya et al., 2011). Based on the reviewed eligible literature, various medicinal plants were used to treat aphrodisiacs and erectile dysfunction. ...
Introduction: Health issues affecting males remain a public health challenge due to the limited treatments and male health-seeking behaviour. In South Africa, local communities have relied on plant-based therapies to address health issues including those affecting males. This review explored the ethnobotanical and indigenous knowledge of plants used for managing male urogenital and sexual-reproductive conditions in South Africa, to establish the existing status and identify gaps for further research. Methods: Following a systematic search, 51 eligible studies were extracted from electronic databases. Results: A total of 337 plants belonging to 83 families were collated across seven provinces in South Africa. Fabaceae (37) and Asteraceae (37) were the most represented plant families. Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. (18 citations), and Entada elephantina (Burch.) S.A.O’Donnell & G.P.Lewis (synonym: Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels) (12 citations) were the commonly used plants. Roots (33.4%) and leaves (17%) were the most commonly used plant parts. Decoction (44%) and oral-based (53%) were the dominant preparation and administration method, respectively. The two major health conditions had 18 sub- categories as derived from the eligible studies. Particularly, aphrodisiac and erectile dysfunction were the most encountered conditions and were managed with 133 plants. Provinces such as the Northern Cape and North West had limited studies on plants used for male healthcare needs. Conclusion: We highlighted the importance of plants in meeting the primary healthcare needs of males. This suggests the need to promote additional research into the cultural, therapeutic, and dynamic trends in the use of plants for meeting the healthcare needs of males, especially in rural areas.
... They are substances (food, pill, perfume, or equipment) that stimulate the erotic urge, create venereal yearning, and may also boost pleasure and performance [43]. In recent times, the concept has been reduced to medications that improve or increase sexual desire, performance, instinct, pleasure, and delight [44]. ...
... An herbal aphrodisiac product is any processed and packaged herbal drug which excites libido, increases sexual pleasure and performance (Malviya et al., 2011). A variety of medicinal plants have been used as sex stimulants or sexual performance enhancer in traditional systems of medicine of various countries (Afolayan and Yakubu, 2020). ...
Aphrodisiac refers to any substance (food, drink or drug) or practice that is believed to stimulate sexual desire or enhance sexual pleasure and performance. There have been reports indicating lack of good manufacturing practices and adulteration of herbal aphrodisiac with phosphodiestrate-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors without consideration of public safety. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of three herbal aphrodisiac instant coffee premix products, through physicochemical analysis, elemental analysis, quantification of caffeine, detection and quantification of undeclared adulterants. Physicochemical properties of the three samples of herbal aphrodisiac products were determined using the methods described by World Health Organization 2011, while elemental analysis was conducted using nitric acidhydrochloric acid (1:3) digestion mixtures and subsequent analysis for the presence of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and iron using micro plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (MP-AES). Iodometric titration was used for quantification of caffeine levels in the samples while fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy were used for the detection and quantification of undeclared adulterants respectively. Moisture content (2.33 %, 2.83 % and 1.60 %) and ash value (10.50 %, 11.67 % and 0.98 %) of the samples A, B and C respectively were found to be within the official permissible limit. The samples were found to be rich in iron and zinc; however, the levels of lead, cadmium, and copper were above the WHO permissible limits. The concentrations of caffeine in the samples were less than the acceptable WHO limit of 400 mg/day. However, sildenafil was detected in two of the products (151.45 mg and 82.15 mg), while tadalafil was detected in one of the products (36.13 mg). The herbal aphrodisiacs were adulterated with either sildenafil or tadalafil, and contained relatively high levels of lead, cadmium, and copper. However, moisture content, ash value, and caffeine content met the WHO requirements.
... As an aphrodisiac, as with some foods or plants like Allium cepa (Malviya et al., 2011) and Mucuna pruriens (Pratap and Rajender, 2012), F. capensis is expected to have a role to play in reproductive health as the decoctions of the leaf extract of F. capensis are used locally to treat infertility.. One of the ways aphrodisiacs have been effective in such role is in elevating serum testosterone levels, sometimes demonstrated by increased sexual desire (Gooren and Saad, 2006). ...
In view of the traditional belief that, it is traditionally believed that Ficus capensis leaf extract boosts an
aphrodisiac effect and has been used to treat azoospermia. However, no scientific study has been
carried out to demonstrate the effects of this extracthis experiments were performed to determine the
effects of aqueous extract of F. capensis leaf on some reproductive parameters of male albino rats. The
present study is therefore aimed at as literature regarding this seems to be scarce. Twenty eight normal
male rats weighing between 180-240g were used for this study. They were grouped into 4 groups (A—
D) of 7 rats each. Group A was the control group and was given distilled water only, while groups B, C
and D were administered 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of F. capensis leaves
respectively via oral gavage for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum
testosterone while testicular weight as well as sperm motility and morphology were evaluated. The
acute oral toxicity study was also carried out and the LD50 was estimated to be above 5000mg/kg. A
significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight and serum testosterone levels was observed in all the test
groups when compared with the control group. A significant decrease (P<0.01) in testicular weight was
observed in group B when compared with the control group. There was significant increase (P<0.01) in
sperm count in groups B and C when compared with the control. Actively motile sperm significantly
decreased (P<0.001) in groups C and D respectively when compared with the control. Consequently,
sluggishly motile sperm was significantly increased (P<0.01) in groups C and D respectively, while
abnormal sperm increased significantly (P<0.05) in group D when compared with the control. The
result of this study suggests that the phytochemical constituents of aqueous extract of F. capensis may
adversely affect reproductive functions in normal rats, thus may not serve as an aphrodisiac as serum
testosterone levels were declined. However, it seems that one or more bioactive constituent at a very
low concentration may favour spermatogenesis, thus demonstrating a potential to treat azoospermia
... High concentrations of the alkaloid extract increased ML and IL, and decreased MF and IF in male mice, respectively. The aphrodisiac herbs are defined as plants which exhibit a significant increase in the mount and intromission frequency (as indicators of sexual capacity), and a significant decrease in the mount and intromission latency (as indicators of sexual motivation) [31,32]. Several studies demonstrated the significant decrease in intromission and mounting latency, and the remarkable increase in intromission and mounting frequency, as a consequence of the administration of extract plants such as Eremomastax speciosa [33], Hygrophila spinosa [34] and Dracaena arborea [35]. ...
Simple Summary
In recent years, special attention has been paid to studies on the effect of various plants on reproduction using laboratory animals. It is known that one of the major problems in a couple’s life is infertility and sperm dysfunction. Many species of plants in the Mediterranean area have been used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, such as P. harmala, which represents one of several plants that constitute a source of natural substances. The results of this study indicate that the extract of P. harmala at a high concentration seems to have more of an effect on sexual behavior in male mice. In the current study, the high concentration of P. harmala alkaloid extract improved the sperm count in the treated mice in comparison with the control group. However, no difference was recorded in sperm motility in the treated groups. The results revealed that the membrane integrity of the spermatozoa seemed to be stable in the treated male. However, seminal fructose and testosterone concentrations slightly increased in all groups. Based on the results of this study, it seems that the extract of P. harmala growing in Algeria can affect some reproductive indices, such as the gonadosomatic index and sperm count.
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the effects of the total alkaloid extract of Algerian Peganum harmala seeds on sexual behavior and male reproductive function. After two weeks of acclimatization, the male mice were randomly divided into four groups (seven mice in each group). For 35 days, the extract was administered orally at dose levels of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight per day to the respective groups of male mice (n = 7) and normal saline daily to the control group. On day 28, sexual behavior parameters were recorded. At the end of the trial, reproductive organ weights, sperm quality, seminal fructose, and testosterone hormone levels were evaluated. The three treated groups were compared with the control using statistical variance analysis (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), followed by Tukey’s test. The results of the groups treated with 12.5 and 6.25 mg/kg of P. harmala alkaloid revealed the MF and IF parameters to be the lowest compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the male mice treated with 25 mg/kg recorded the highest values. A low significant value of ML was observed in the group treated with 25 mg/kg of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala compared to the control group (p < 0.01), while a rise was observed in the concentration group treated with 6.25 mg/kg. Regarding IL, the male mice treated with different concentrations of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala recorded a higher time than the control group. Moreover, an increase in the gonadosomatic index was noticed in all groups compared to the control group. However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the sperm counts of the groups treated with 12.5 mg/kg and 6.25 mg/kg. However, there was no significant difference in the motility, membrane integrity, and total antioxidant capacity of sperm cells compared to the control. The extract treatment also brought about a non-significant increase in fructose content of the seminal vesicle and serum testosterone level. The findings of this study demonstrate that the extract acts in a dose-dependent manner, and it has varying effects on the reproductive parameters of male mice.
... [17][18][19] Herbs like Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, and several others are used regularly and known for their aphrodisiac properties. 20,21 Hence, plants with adaptogenic, antioxidant, and aphrodisiac properties effectively have multifaceted sexual health benefits. ...
Background and Aim
In Ayurveda, ashwagandha is a popular plant for promoting youthful energy, longevity, and overall well‐being. It is also an excellent aphrodisiac herb that aids in the improvement and maintenance of normal sexual health. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha root extract on improving sexual health in adult males.
Methods
In this 8‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, we investigated the aphrodisiac property of an ashwagandha root extract in adult males. Fifty participants with lower sexual desire were randomly allocated to take 300 mg of ashwagandha root extract or placebo capsules twice daily. Outcomes were measured using the derogatis interview for sexual functioning‐male (DISF‐M) questionnaire, serum testosterone, serum prolactin, and short‐form survey—36 quality of life questionnaire before and after the intervention.
Results
Compared to placebo, ashwagandha root extract supplementation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the total DISF‐M scores (mean difference −9.8; 95% confidence interval, −10.73 to −8.87; p < 0.0001; t‐test). It was also associated with a statistically significant increase in serum testosterone levels (−66.52; −80.70 to −52.34; p < 0.0001; t‐test). However, the prolactin level did not change after intervention in both the ashwagandha and placebo groups (−1.06; −2.78 to 0.66; p > 0.05).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that ashwagandha demonstrated a significant subjective perception of sexual well‐being and assisted in increasing serum testosterone levels in the participants.
... Although African patients often consult traditional healers for herbal medicine to counter sexual dysfunction or to improve pleasurable sex, these aspects were not part of the scope of this study. 26,48,49 It is, however, important to note that cultural barriers for patients are more than just cultural or normative prejudice that leads doctors to avoid addressing the sensitive topic of sexuality. In terms of the patient-doctor interaction, this links with the holistic practice of the doctors, or, in this case, the lack thereof. ...
Background:
Sexual history taking seldom occurs during a chronic care consultation and this research focussed on consultation interaction factors contributing to failure of screening for sexual dysfunction.
Aim:
This study aimed to quantify the most important barriers a patient and doctor experienced in discussing sexual challenges during the consultation and to assess the nature of communication and holistic practice of doctors in these consultations.
Setting:
The study was done in 10 primary care clinics in North West province which is a mix
of rural and urban areas.
Methods:
One-hundred and fifty-five consultation recordings were qualitatively analysed in
this grounded theory research. Doctors and patients completed self-administered
questionnaires. A structured workplace-based assessment tool was used to assess the
communication skills and holistic practice doctors. Template analysis and descriptive
statistics were used for analysis. The quantitative component of the study was to strengthen the study by triangulating the data.
Results:
Twenty-one doctors participated in video-recorded routine consultations with 151
adult patients living with hypertension and diabetes, who were at risk of sexual dysfunction. No history taking for sexual dysfunction occurred. Consultations were characterised by poor communication skills and the lack of holistic practice. Patients identified rude doctors, shyness and lack of privacy as barriers to sexual history taking, whilst doctors thought that they had more important things to do with their limited consultation time.
Conclusion:
Consultations were doctor-centred and sexual dysfunction in patients was
entirely overlooked, which could have a negative effect on biopsychosocial well-being and
potentially led to poor patient care.
... Nutritional interventions, such as dietary supplements, have received increasing attention in improving sexual and reproductive function in males and females. Several medicinal plants-such as Avena sativa, Eurycoma longifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Psoralea corylifolia, Tribulus terrestris, and Withania somnifera-have been used to treat sexual dysfunction or to promote sexual desire and reproductive behavior [18][19][20]. ...
The flower of Abelmoschus manihot L. is mainly used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases, and has been reported to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antidepressant activities. This study used wild-type adult zebrafish as an animal model to elucidate the potential bioactivity of A. manihot flower ethanol extract (AME) in enhancing their sexual and reproductive functions. Zebrafish were fed AME twice a day at doses of 0.2%, 1%, and 10% for 28 days, and were then given the normal feed for an additional 14 days. The hormone 17-β estradiol was used as the positive control. Sexual behavioral parameters such as the number of times males chased female fish, the production of fertilized eggs, and the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs were recorded at days 0.33, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. The expression levels of sex-related genes—including lhcgr, ar, cyp19a1a, and cyp19a1b—were also examined. The results showed that the chasing number, fertilized egg production, and hatching rate were all increased with the increase in the AME treatment dose and treatment time. After feeding with 1% and 10% AME for 28 days, the chasing number in the treated group as compared to the control group increased by 1.52 times and 1.64 times, respectively; the yield of fertilized eggs increased by 1.59 times and 2.31 times, respectively; and the hatching rate increased by 1.26 times and 1.69 times, respectively. All three parameters exhibited strong linear correlations with one another (p < 0.001). The expression of all four genes was also upregulated with increasing AME dose and treatment duration. When feeding with 0.2%, 1%, and 10% AME for 28 days, the four sex-related genes were upregulated at ranges of 1.79–2.08-fold, 2.74–3.73-fold, and 3.30–4.66-fold, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of AME was persistent, as the promotion effect continued after the treatment was stopped for at least two weeks. The present findings suggest that AME can enhance the endocrine system and may improve libido and reproductive performance in zebrafish.
... Currently, among those facing chronic conditions, there is a trend toward using herbal medicine and other forms of complementary and alternative medicine [9][10][11][12]. Although some traditional remedies and herbal drugs have been used by patients with sexual dysfunction, a significant proportion of medicinal plants have not yet been scientifically evaluated in this regard [13][14][15]. ...
Background:
Bypass graft surgery of the coronary artery has a significant effect on the creation and development of sexual dysfunction among male patients. The previous studies have demonstrated that date palm pollen (DPP) increases the count and quality of sperm. Additionally, it has been shown that DPP has a protective effect against myocardial infarction and cardiac remodeling. Therefore, this is the first study investigating the impact of DPP (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on managing male sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft.
Methods:
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients (DPP group n = 30, control group n = 30) of Iranian men after coronary artery bypass graft. Two parallel groups were randomly generated from the study participants. The intervention group was prescribed 3 grams of the powder of DPP twice a day (9 AM and 9 PM) for two months, while the control group received the same prescription of the placebo powder.
Results:
The DPP consumption significantly increased the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (from 23.21 to 46.57) and the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire (HISD) (from 59.39 to 64.45) scores over time in the intervention group. However, there were no significant changes in the control group.
Conclusion:
Daily intake of 6 g DPP for two months exhibited beneficial effects on the symptoms of male sexual dysfunction in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
... Besides, they have been widely used as therapeutic medicines to improve health. People believe that certain medicinal plants have aphrodisiac properties that could benefit male reproductive health (Singh et al., 2010;Malviya et al., 2011). Moringa oleifera (Family: Moringaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used traditionally due to its antimicrobial (Rahman et al., 2010;Elgamily et al., 2016), antihyperglycemic (Tuorkey, 2016;Paula et al., 2017), anticancer (Gismondi et al., 2013), aphrodisiac (Suresh et al., 2009;Prabsattroo et al., 2012;Prabsattroo et al., 2015;Shokry et al., 2020), and anti-inflammation (Adedapo et al., 2015;Arulselvan et al., 2016) properties. ...
Moringa oleifera leaves were essential for lowering blood glucose levels and increasing androgen levels. This study evaluates the antihyperglycemic properties of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves aqueous extract and its effect on diabetes-induced male Sprague Dawley rats in attenuating sexual dysfunction. A total of 40 mature male rats were divided into four main groups which were normal control group that received 1 mL of distilled water, the negative control group which did not receive any treatment, positive control group that received 500 mg/kg body weight of metformin, and MO treated group that received 400 mg/kg body weight of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract. All groups were analyzed after 14 and 21 days for their fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) and sexual behavior (mounting latency and mounting frequency). Analysis of testosterone level was also conducted using the testosterone kit of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data of the treatment group were compared to the control group subjected to one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 analysis. The FBGL of diabetes-induced rats treated with Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the plasma testosterone level increased (p<0.05) compared to the negative and positive control groups. Diabetes- induced rats treated with Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract also showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in mounting latency and increase (p<0.05) in mounting frequency within 15 min of the observation period. This study demonstrated that Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract could reduce FBGL significantly and improve the sexual dysfunction of diabetes- induced male rats.
... Alternatively, herbal medications have been historically used for the treatment of ED. These herbs include saffron, ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and Pinus pinaster (Borrelli et al., 2018;Jang et al., 2008;Kamenov et al., 2017;Malviya et al., 2011;Modabbernia et al., 2012;Quarto et al., 2017;Ranjbar and Ashrafizaveh, 2019;Tadayon Najafabadi et al., 2019). The importance of these alternatives is not as a first-line treatment for ED patients; instead, they might provide another chance for men unwilling or unable to use PDE5Is before resorting to invasive treatments. ...
Aim of the study
A significant portion of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients, receiving available treatments, fails to respond. This study aims to evaluate efficacy of saffron in improving erectile function compared with placebo in men with erectile dysfunction.
Materials and methods
Men with ED of at least a mild severity participated in a 6-week, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive 15 mg saffron or placebo capsules twice daily. The trial continued for six weeks, and participants were evaluated every two weeks. The primary outcome of interest was the change in the erectile function. The results were analyzed using t-test, linear regression, and repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results
Sixty-two participants were equally randomized into two groups, and 29 participants in each group completed the trial. Participants had a mean age of 41years, and the majority suffered from mild erectile dysfunction. Positive changes in erectile function scores reached 6.14 (95% CI [4.97, 7.30]) points in the saffron group, which was superior to the placebo. The confidence interval excluded the minimal clinically important difference of the scale. The adverse events were similar between the two groups and saffron showed a clinically acceptable profile.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest saffron might be an effective and safe option to ameliorate erectile dysfunction among ED patients, especially those who decline or are unwilling to use phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
... Since time immemorial man has used various parts of plants in the treatment and prevention of many diseases, including impotence [20]. Ancient people knew about herbal and animal aphrodisiacs used in combinations like portions to treat infertility, increase sexual performance, desire and pleasure [21]. Herbal medicine are alternative medications prepared from plants and plant extracts used to treat illnesses and Ailments [22]. ...
Aim: This study evaluated the protective effect of alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus on lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rat. Methodology: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups, (n=5). Group 1 was administered with 1ml normal saline only, group 2 was administered with 30 mg/kg of lead, group 3 was administered with 50mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 4 was administered with 100 mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 5 was administered 150mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead orally for 28 days. The testes of the rats were harvested on day 29 of the experiment and histological studies done using the H&E and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stains. Sperm parameters, sex hormones and antioxidant of testicular homogenates were analysed. Results: Histological examination of the testes revealed increased spermatogenic cells and Leydig cell proliferation in the rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 administered with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of Alkaloids, and 30 mg/kg of lead, respectively, when compared with group 2 administered with 30 mg/kg of lead alone. Also there was significant increase in levels of serum testosterone (p < .05) in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. There was increase in levels of follicle stimulating hormone in groups 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. However, significant decreased in luteinizing hormone was observed in groups 3, 4 and 5. Group 2, treated with 30 mg/kg of lead only showed increased malondialdehyde levels when compared with group 1 that received 1ml normal saline. Group 3, 4, and 5, treated with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of alkaloid plus 30 mg/kg lead, respectively, showed significant growth of seminiferous epithelium, improved sperm quality, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (p < .05). Conclusion: This study shows that alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus may have a protective effect on the testis of Wistar rat when it is exposed to toxicity from lead.
... In the current scenario, neutraceuticals that can able to protect the male reproductive health against environmental toxicants is one of the major areas of Ethnopharmacology [22][23][24]. The rhizome of ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) is one of the widely used food commodities all over the world. ...
Aims: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of ginger against acephate-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats. Methodology: Rats were allocated into four groups where animals in group I served as controls, while animals in group II, III and group IV were treated as experimental rats. Rats in groups II, III and IV were treated with acephate (50mg/kg body weight), ginger (100mg/kg body weight) and combination of both acephate and ginger, respectively over a period of 60 days. After completion of experimental period sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm membrane integrity, testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, serum testosterone and testicular architecture was performed in both control and experimental rats. Results: Relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm membrane integrity were significantly decreased in acephate treated rats over controls. Acephate administration also reduced the circulatory levels of testosterone associated with a significant reduction in the testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) in rats. The testicular architecture was disrupted in acephate intoxicated rats. In contrast, ginger administration significantly recovered the acephate-induced suppressed selected reproductive parameters with increased circulatory levels of testosterone and restoration of sperm endpoints in as compared to acephate alone treated rats. No significant changes were observed in any of the selected reproductive endpoints in ginger treated rats as compared to controls. Conclusion: The results can be concluded that supplementation of ginger mitigates the negative effects of acephate on male reproductive health via amelioration of testicular setroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation events in rats.
... Estudos demonstraram que pode haver um benefício do uso do TT no desempenho aeróbico de atletas e ratos com um mecanismo adjacente associado ao fator de crescimento da insulina, mas não ao efeito andrógeno no plasma(Yin et al., 2016;Ma et al., 2017;Wu et al., 2017).Apesar da ausência de evidências da relação do TT com os níveis plasmáticos de testosterona, estudos sugerem efeitos vantajosos sobre os parâmetros do esperma(Santos et al., 2019). Pesquisas etnobotânicas veinculam o uso de TT no tratamento de disfunção erétil masculina e feminina, com resultados conflitantes(Malviya et al., 2011;Malviya et al., 2016;Prescott et al., 2020). O aumento da motilidade dos espermatozoides neste estudo foi determinado pela análise comparativa do espermograma e corrobora com os estudos deKhaleghi et al. (2017) no qual o uso de extrato de TT, in vitro, aumentou significativamente a motilidade total do esperma. ...
O Tribulus terrestris (TT) é uma planta originária da Índia, conhecida como Abrolo ou “Videira-de-punctura”. São muitas as incertezas relacionadas aos efeitos do TT na potência física de atleta, nos níveis de testosterona e como afrodisíaco. Há poucos relatos do efeito do TT no sistema cardiovascular, contudo citam que pode existir uma correlação negativa entre consumo do TT e atividade da enzima conversora de angiotensina. Neste estudo avaliamos o efeito do TT no ganho de peso, na concentração sérica da testosterona e na morfometria cardíaca de ratos. Trinca ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente dividido em 2 grupos experimentais (n=15): Grupo CT, tratados com solução fisiológica 0,9%; grupo TT, tratados com extrato de Tribulus terrestris. Após 60 dias de tratamento, os animais que receberam TT ganharam menos peso corporal e não apresentaram diferenças nos níveis séricos de testosterona e morfometria cardíaca quando comparados aos ratos do grupo CT. Nossos resultados sugerem que o TT preveniu ganho de peso sem alterar o equilíbrio energético da dieta, sem influenciar a secreção da testosterona e sem alterar a morfometria cardíaca. Portanto, o TT pode ter um futuro promissor em preservar o peso corporal, tornando a prevenção do ganho de peso mais fácil de alcançar do que perder peso e manter essa perda.
... Venereal desire is described as the sexual appetite, and can be understood as a desire for sexual stimulation. In theory, aphrodisiac is strictly an agent which arouses or increases sexual desire, but in practice any natural or chemical compound which increases the capacity for sexual enjoyment will tend to increase the appetite and can be considered as an aphrodisiac [8]. Thus any substance which can excite an individual and increase the stamina and sexual performance can also be used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and male impotency. ...
North Eastern Region of India is the home for a wide variety of plants with high medicinal value. The wide availability of the plant with high medicinal value has provided the ease of their use for generations among the various ethnic communities of the region to treat various kinds of health issues. This paper presents an extensive review of the various plants that were pointed out in various ethno botanical surveys that are being used by the people of North Eastern India with aphrodisiac activity. The common name along with the biological names and the part used and other details have been reported in the paper with an intention of making it easier for researchers to develop newer herbal aphrodisiac formulations.
... Sexual ignorance is a social disease and can be solved via compulsory all-inclusive sex education, which can boost awareness and improve society [4]. However, aphrodisiac has been implicated in treating / managing these arrays of sexual disorders [6][7][8][9]. Most aphrodisiacs can amplify sensual experience facets such as light, touch, smell, taste, and hearing. ...
Energy drink is a type of drink containing sugar and stimulant compounds, usually caffeine or natural stimulants majorly from plant sources. This study evaluates the comparative aphrodisiac and toxicity effect of energy drinks consumption in male wistar rats. Determination of aphrodisiac potential following the oral administration of graded doses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml/kg) of red-bull, Orijin bitters, and monkey tail. Viagra (Sildenafil citrate) and distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters (mounting and intromission frequencies, mounting, intromission, and ejaculatory latencies) were observed. Serum testosterone and cholesterol concentrations were progressively monitored on days 1, 7, 14, and the acute toxicological evaluation of the various energy drinks based on any onset of mortality and behavioural changes. The results showed that red bull increased significantly mounting frequency. A significantly decreased in mounting and intromission latencies in dose-dependent manner, particularly on days 1 and 14. The Orijin bitters revealed a prolonged ejaculatory latency. Testosterone and cholesterol concentrations were also increased as the dose increased, particularly on days 1 and 7. The lowest dose of 0.5 ml/kg showed the best aphrodisiac effect for the Mockite energy drink. The toxicity studies showed that there were no acute behavioural changes with zero mortality. These findings, therefore, validated the claim of the local use of energy drinks as an aphrodisiac in males.
... Besides, certain medical conditions, like diabetes and coronary heart disease, toxic substances, chemicals, and pollution, cause male infertility. (7)(8)(9) In contrast, male sexual problems can be treated naturally, and that is the best way to treat male infertility. More attention has been paid in recent years to traditional herbs and plants with high antioxidants, which are essential for protecting cells from oxidative damage. ...
BACKGROUND: Croton caudatus Geiseler (CCG), a local herb that empirically has been used as traditional medicine for malaria, fever, convulsions, and rheumatic arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CCG on reproductive and biochemical parameters in male Wistar rats.
METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided randomly into four groups, which were treated with CCG aqueous root extract at the concentration of 0-16 mg/kg, via oral gavage. After 21 days of treatment, blood, sperm, and testes were harvested for analyses. Sperm parameters were evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analyser (Hamilton Thorne Sperm Analyzer), and morphometric analyses of histological changes were performed.
RESULTS: CCG extract at 8 and 16 mg/kg significantly (p
A total number of 80 adult male albino rats (average weight = 200gm) were used and were classified into two main groups: 1. The Control group (Group A): comprised 20 animals. These animals received 1ml of distilled water orally on a daily basis for the duration of the experiment (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). 2. The Experimental group (Group B): comprised 60 animals and was subdivided into 4 subgroups corresponding to 4 durations (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Each subgroup in turn was divided into 3 subgroups in which each rat was given 1ml of the prepared nutmeg aqueous extract orally on a daily basis in the following doses (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg b.w.) respectively. On termination of the experiment, the parotid salivary glands were dissected out, cleaned and fixed in 10%buffered formalin solution. Then, paraffin wax sections were obtained and stained with: Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to verify histological details and Masson's trichrome for detection of collagen fibers. The parotid gland of the control group (Group A) was composed of parenchyma which showed normal appearance of secretory acini and ducts; and fine C.T. stroma in between lobes and lobules and comprising rich capillary network.As for the experimental group (Group B), the most noticeable changes were cytoplasmic vacuolizations in acinar cells, dilatation of intercalated and striated ducts, congestion of blood vessels, signs of nuclear changes (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, hyperchromatism), lymphocytic infiltration, hyalinization of C.T. stroma and finally appearance of duct-like structures replacing severely atrophied acini. These changes gradually increased as the duration increased and as the dose administered increased.The experimental group showed more thickening of collagen fibers than in the control group. [Moheb,M.,El-Sakhawy, M. A..,Sherif, H. and Shredah, M. Histological evaluation of the effect of nutmeg on parotid salivary glands of adult male albino rats.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Cyperus esculentus extract on Testicular Morphology and Biochemistry post streptozotocin-treatment in Male Guinea Pigs. Twenty guinea pigs were divided into four groups containing five pigs each. Group A served as the negative control was treated with 5ml/kg body weight of normal saline orally, Group B were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally, Group C were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of STZ and daily treatment with 150mg/kg of CEE orally and Group D were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of STZ and daily treatment with 150mg/kg of CEE orally for 20days. Morphological scores and biochemical evaluation were done. Results showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, number of spematogonia, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, levels of SOD and CAT as well as a significant increase in the level of MDA after the administration of STZ alone when compared to the control. A significant decrease in the levels of testosterone and FSH as well as a decrease in the level of LH was observed in group B when compared to the control. However, the groups that were co-treated with the extract had a better parameters and histological profiles when compared to the positive control group. CEE has a dose-dependent ameliorative effect on STZ-induced testicular hormonal, oxidative and histomorphometric degeneration.
There are numerous evidence showing that cadmium (Cd) is an endocrine disruptor that exerts multiple toxic effects at different reproductive levels, including male sexual behavior (MSB). The effect of early exposure to Cd on sexual incentive motivation (SIM) and MSB in adult stage, and the immunoreactivity of receptors for hormones such as estrogens and androgens in brain regions that are relevant for the SIM and MSB display, have not been studied until now. The present study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1mg/kg CdCl2 from day 1 to 56 of postnatal life on SIM and MSB in adults rats, as well as serum testosterone concentrations, Cd concentration in blood, testis, and brain areas, and the immunoreactivity in estrogen receptors (ER-α and -β), and androgen receptor (AR) in the olfactory bulbs (OB), medial preoptic area (mPOA), and medial amygdala (MeA). Our results showed that both doses of Cd decreased SIM and MSB, accompanied by low serum concentrations of testosterone. Also, there was a significant reduction in immunoreactivity of ER-α and AR in mPOA, and a significant reduction in AR in MeA on male rats treated with Cd 1mg/kg. These results show that exposure to high doses of Cd in early postnatal life could alter the correct integration of hormonal signals in the brain areas that regulate and display SIM and MSB in adult male rats.
Ethnobotany Research and Applications 25:30 (2023)-http://dx. Abstract Background: Globally, erectile dysfunction (ED) is a public health concern that upsets men's psychosocial well
Modern conditions of practical veterinary medicine require the use of effective and safe drugs. Along with the already known and common medicines, the search for new drugs which are harmless for the body and have the physiological direction of action is still required. In recent years, the attention to the use of phyto- and tissue-derived drugs increased. However, the problem of their use is insufficiently studied – many aspects of their clinical use require further development, expansion of the spectrum of used medicinal plants, study, and implementation into veterinary practice. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a comprehensive vitamin-hormone drugs based on phyto- and tissue medicines for the treatment and prevention of reproductive abnormalities in animals. Based on the information on the etiopathogenesis of disorders of reproductive function indicators: homeostasis, reducing of the concentration of hormones (estrogen or progesterone), changes in the morphofunctional state of endocrine (pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal gland) and reproductive (ovaries) organs, the application of vitamin-hormone drugs in veterinary medicine is scientifically sound. Drugs in terms of pathogenetic therapy can optimise homeostasis, hormone concentrations, stimulate rehabilitation processes in the regulatory organs of reproductive function (pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid) and reproductive organs (ovaries), which, in turn, contributes to the normalisation of follicles which are a prerequisite for the full reproductive capacity of females. Vitamin-hormonal medicines of herbal and tissue origin were developed, with high efficiency for the treatment and prevention of reproductive pathologies of various species of animals, providing the stimulation of reproductive function (estrus signs) for therapy of females with gonadopathies (“Carafest”, “Caplaestrol” and “Caplagonìn”) and males (display of sexual reflexes and sperm quality) for reproductive activity dysfunction (“Carafand”), increase in the viability of the newborn (increasing the number of lambs and goatlings with satisfactory clinical condition with a high-growth potential, reduce in their morbidity and lethality), preventing the incidence of ìntra- and postnatal (labor hypofunction, diseases of post-labor period) pathology (“Carafest”, and “Caplaestrol”)
Background: Withania somnifera has been used as an ergogenic resource in recent years. In this scenario, a systematic literature review is justified to compile the findings in the scientific literature and to evaluate the methodological quality of these investigations. Aims: Our objective with this review was to evaluate the effects of Withania somnifera supplementation on sports performance in physical exercise practitioners. Material and Methods: This systematic literature review with meta-analysis addresses the effects of Withania somnifera supplementation on sports performance. Results: Of the parameters evaluated in the articles, the maximum oxygen uptake was shown to improve significantly in the three studies in which it was evaluated. Maximum strength was not influenced by the supplementation. Conclusions: The results of the present systematic literature review showed evidence that the supplementation of Withania somnifera over 500 mg to 1,250 mg before or after exercise can improve physical performance. Keywords: Withania, Sports, Dietary Supplements, Athletic Performance.
Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine, through phytochemical screening, the major chemical compounds and to evaluate the aphrodisiac effect of the ethanolic extract of M.acuminata stems in adult male rats. Methods :To achieve our objectives, a phytochemical study was conducted to determine the major chemical compounds present in the ethanolic extract of M. acuminatastems. The phytochemical screening was carried out following standard analytical procedures using thin layer chromatography.The aphrodisiac effect was evaluated in sexually naïve male rats. In sexually naïve male rats, a single administration of the ethanolic extract was performed at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg versus 0.5 mL/100g distilled water and 715 µg/kg Sildenafil Pfizer 50 mg in the negative and positive control rats, respectively. Female rats were induced to oestrus by sequential administration of estradiol benzoate (Sigma-Aldrich) (25 μg/rat) to make them receptive to males. Results :The results of the phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic extract of M. acuminata stems contains coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes of triterpenesaponins. The biological study showed that at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, ethanolic extract of M. acuminatastems resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) and highly significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of sexual mounts, the number of erections, the number of ejaculations and a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the latency time between sexual mounts in male rats. Conclusions:The sexual stimulating effects of the ethanolic extract of M. acuminata observed in this study could be attributed to the presence of the identified chemical compounds, hence the interest in using this plant in traditional aphrodisiac medicine.
Objectives:
Male infertility has been associated with oxidative stress-induced and/or microbial induced in some men. The use of medicinal plants to overcome oxidative stress-induced infertility cannot be over emphasized. Hence, the aim of this research was to isolate the antilipid peroxidation (an index of usage for treating oxidative stress-induced male infertility) bioactive principle from Momordica charantia using bioactivity-guided isolation.
Materials and methods:
n-Hexane fraction from the crude ethanol extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction of aerial parts (without fruit) of bitter melon, M. charantia, was assessed for in vitro lipid peroxidation, followed by bioactivity-guided isolation of bioactive principles using in vitro lipid peroxidation as an index of aphrodisiac and male fertility enhancer.
Results:
Fractionation of the active n-hexane fraction using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) gave five pooled fractions on the basis of their thin layer chromatography (TLC) characteristics (n-hexane: EtOAc, 2:3, sulphuric acid spray). In vitro activity of the most active VLC fraction C was less than that of the positive control, vitamin E. Further fractionation of VLC-C by open column chromatography on silica gel led to the isolation of a compound which was purified by preparative-TLC. The purified compound, 10 mg/mL (Rf 0.54, TLC silica gel, n-hexane: ethyl acetate; 2:3) was equipotent with vitamin E (25 mg/mL) in reducing peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vitro. Structural elucidation by NMR (1H, 13C) and mean mass spectroscopy confirmed the identity of the new bioactive compound as 13, 14-epoxyoleanan-3-ol-acetate.
Conclusion:
This study scientifically validates the traditional claim of M. charantia as an aphrodisiac or male fertility enhancer and suggests that 13, 14-epoxyoleanan-3-ol-acetate might be responsible for the observed activity.
Some of the areas of concern in andrology are erectile dysfunction, late onset hypogonadism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and infertility. Often these are associated with depletion in androgens, particularly the testosterone hormone. Lack of physical, mental, and sexual vitality, particularly in elderly men, is recognized as a worldwide health problem, which is challenging medically as well as in healthcare. There are numerous traditional herbal products that claim to enhance male overall well-being and restore reproductive health. Proof of acceptance and relevance of herbal treatment in men’s health management are underlined by the tremendous number of publications as well as clinical data, which meet the highest quality, safety, and efficacy standards. This chapter reviews scientific evidence from clinical trials performed with well-known traditional herbs, claiming therapeutic benefits in men’s health: Eurycoma longifolia (tongkat ali), Lepidium meyenii (maca), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek). Furthermore, information of acceptance in terms of regulatory issues is summarized.
Several medicinal plants are traditionally used in different regions of Africa for the treatment of male infertility, sexual asthenia, erectile dysfunction, and impotency or used as an aphrodisiac. Scientific studies, mostly conducted in vitro or in animals, have proven the acclaimed traditional use of these plants to enhance sexual activities or sperm concentration, motility, and viability. Some of the mechanisms of actions associated with these plants include increased level of testosterone and the relaxation of the smooth cavernosal muscles. However, some plants were also shown to have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. This may be due to the varying modes of plant extraction, duration of treatment, experimental design, dosage used, quality of the plant, or toxic effects. There is a need to standardize the protocols as well as to better understand the mechanism of actions of the respective plants. Further studies should be conducted using human subjects.
Adını Yunan aşk tanrıçası Afrodit'ten alan afrodizyak kelimesi, cinsel içgüdüyü harekete geçiren, zevk ve performansı artıran herhangi bir yiyecek veya ilaç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Birçok kültürde oldukça yaygın bir biçimde kullanılan afrodizyaklar, farklı kültürlerde farklı zamanlarda farklı kullanım amaçlarıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Zaman ve olanak kısıtlılığı açısından tarihsel süreçte en çok öne çıkan ve yazında en yaygın yer tutan afrodizyak yiyeceklerin listelendiği bu derleme çalışmasında pek çok araştırmacı tarafından afrodizyak kabul edilen 18 yiyecek-içecek ürünü ele alınmıştır. Bu yiyeceklere ait inanışlar, efsaneler, ritüeller ile Musevi ve Hristiyan dinine ait kutsal kitap metinleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan geniş literatür taraması sonucunda özellikle salep, nektar ve ambrosia, elma, istiridye, mantar, incir, yumurta, adamotu ve sarımsağa görece belirgin afrodizyak inanışlar yüklendiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusu da yiyeceklere afrodizyak özellikler yüklenmesinin ya onların şekil, koku, renk gibi fiziksel özellikleri ya da kişi üzerindeki haz verici, uyuşturucu ve sarhoş edici etkileri sonucu oluştuğunu ortaya koymuş olmasıdır.
ABSTRACT: The word aphrodisiac, named after the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, is defined as any food or medicine that stimulates the sexual instinct and increases pleasure and performance. Aphrodisiacs, which are widely used in many cultures, have emerged in various cultures at various times for different purposes. 18 food and beverage items believed to be aphrodisiacs were detected in this study, that listed the most widely believed aphrodisiac foods in history. The beliefs, legends, myths, rituals and Jewish and Chrisitian texts belonging to these foods were investigated. As a result of the extensive literature review, it is revealed that relatively distinct aphrodisiac beliefs have been formed especially in orchid bulbs, nectar and ambrosia, apple, oyster, mushroom, fig, egg, mandrake and garlic. Another finding of this review study is that loading foods with aphrodisiac properties is the result of either their physical properties such as shape, smell, color or their drug-intoxicating and pleasing effects on the individiual.
Background:
Ghee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat and processing of ghee with therapeutic herbs i.e. ghrita is renowned for augmenting their medicinal properties. Kaamdev ghrita (also known as 'VajikaranaRasayana') is cow ghee based classical Ayurvedic formulation from the aphrodisiac category, which is used to ameliorate and potentiate sexual performance and also in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, infertility, and premature ejaculation.
Objective:
Present research work deals with the organoleptic, physicochemical, and biological assessment of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac activity using in-vivo animal models.
Material and methods:
Kaamdev ghrita was prepared using Indian cow's ghee as per standard Ayurvedic classical texts and subjected to organoleptic (color, odor, taste, texture, touch), physicochemical (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, extractive values, refractive index, and specific gravity) analyses as per the standard pharmacopeial procedures. The aphrodisiac potential of ghrita in rat model was evaluated by monitoring sexual behavioral performance using different parameters (mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming and sniffing) at the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight.
Results:
The physicochemical evaluation of Kaamdev ghrita showed higher acid value, iodine value, refractive index, and specific gravity whereas the lower saponification and peroxide value than the plain ghee. Kaamdev ghrita revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and showed remarkable antioxidant activity by in-vitro assays. It augmented the sexual performance in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by significant improvement (P < 0.05) in mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming, and sniffing as compared to plain ghee treated control group. The present investigation has corroborated the ethnopharmacological claim of Kaamdevghrita for its aphrodisiac potential.
Conclusion:
Kaamdev ghrita exhibited aphrodisiac activity which may be attributed to the presence of antioxidant herbs present in it. It is the first scientific report on validation of the traditional claim of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac potential.
Background: The use of aphrodisiac plants is a very common and ancient practice in Africa. This study, conducted in central and southern Benin, aimed to document endogenous knowledge related to flora, valorization, promotion and conservation of plants species used for aphrodisiac purposes.
Methods: Data were collected using ethnobotanical and market surveys from 134 people followed by observations.
Results: A total of 138 aphrodisiac plants species were recorded, including 72 from Center Benin and 20 from South Benin while 46 species were common to both areas. These species belong to 124 genera from 59 families mostly represented by Fabaceae (14.49%), Euphorbiaceae (8.76%), and Poaceae (4.38%). The predominant biological type was Phanerophytes (57.25%). The chorological analysis identified a dominance of Sudano-Guinean (26.09%), Pantropical (24.64%) and Guinea-Congolian species (19.57%). Aphrodisiac plants were used for 220 recipes to treat eight affections from which the common was sexual weakness (88.80%). Roots (33.12%) and leaves (20.13%) were the most used parts. The maceration (44.76%) and oral route (88.11%) were the main galenic form and the main mode of administration, respectively.
Conclusion: This flora represents a raw material for subsequent phytochemical characterization to identify new aphrodisiac properties, leading to produce Improved Traditional Medicines against sexual disorders.
The rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn have been traditionally acclaimed as aphrodisiac. In the present study ethanolic extract of rhizomes was evaluated for its effect on orientation behavior and spermatogenesis inalbino rats. A change in orientation behavior was assessed by orientation towards female, towards environment, towards self and type of mobility. Administration of 100 mg/Kg b. w. of ethanolic extract had pronounced effect onorientation of male towards the female rats. Males treated with the extractdisplayed more frequent and vigorous anogenital sniffing and mounting as compared to untreated animals. The increased spermatogenesis in treated groupwas confirmed by change in histoarchitecture as evidenced by increase in number of spermatocyte and spermatids. These findings support the folk use ofthis plant as aphrodisiac. Industrial relevance: Study proposes to elucidate and demarcate the potential of Rasayan herbs in the treatment as well as uprooting the causes of disease; which is the underlying principle of Rasayana therapy. This leads to discovery of newer phytoconstituents with betteractivities and provide source of new biomolecules for biotechnologists to work on. The study explore the utilization of Rasyana herbs for effective management of sexual dysfunction. It brings out a competent literature on rasayana, validating their utilization. It gives a larger platform for the herbal cultivators by providing scientific support and data to the traditionalunvalidated herbal drugs as rejuvenative tonics.
Background: There is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption
of herbal remedies in the developing countries. The
Phoenix dactylifera date palm pollen (DPP) is used in the traditional
medicine for male infertility. The aim of this study
was to determine the effects of orally administered DPP on the
reproductive system of adult male rats.
Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained according
to standard laboratory conditions. They were divided into
five groups (n=10) and received daily gavages of aqueous suspensions
DPP containing 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg, for 35
consecutive days. At the end the sperm was collected from ductus
deferens under anesthesia and their numbers, motility, and
morphology were determined under light microscopy. The
DNA integrity or denaturation was also evaluated by acridine
orange staining. The weight of the testis and reproductive appendages
was also determined, and after tissue processing, their
histology were studied by light microscope.
Results: The comparative evaluation between control and experimental
groups revealed that consumption of DPP suspensions
improved the sperm count, motility, morphology, and
DNA quality with a concomitant increase in the weights of
testis and epididymis. It did not significantly affect the weight
of the prostate and the seminal vesicle or the histology of the
reproductive tissues.
Conclusion: Date palm pollen seems to cure male infertility
by improving the quality of sperm parameters. However, fur
Summary Based on ethno-medical clues, the aphrodisiac property of Argeria nervosa was studied in male mice. The root, flower and, to some extent, leaf (homogenate in 2% gum acacia) of the plant showed aphrodisiac activity as evidenced by an increase in mounting behavior of mice. When different extracts of the root were tested, the activity was found in the alcohol extract (200 mg/kg; p.o, single dose). The extract, 1 hr after administration, stimulated mounting behavior of male mice in a concentration-dependent manner. The root- or flower-treated male mice also exhibited a remarkable increase in mating performance. Further , the number of males was found to be more among the pups fathered by the herbal drug-treated mice compared to those by the control mice. Thus, the plant has promising potential to be developed into an ef fective medicine for stimulating male sexual activity with an influence on sex ratio favoring males.
The effects of Mondia whitei Hook (Skeels) were studied on the sexual behaviour and some fertility parameters of sexually inexperienced male rats. Animals were orally administered 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight (b.w) of either the aqueous or the hexane extracts of Mondia whitei whilst the control group received 10 mL/kg b.w of 0.3% Tween 80 once/day for 14 days. Their sexual behaviour was monitored on days 0, 1, 7 and 14 days of treatment and 14 days post-treatment. Some fertility parameters (index libido, quantal pregnancy, fertility index) of the treated rat were evaluated on day 13 of treatment by pairing it overnight with two proestrus females. Results showed that Mondia whitei extracts significantly (p<0.001) reduced the mount latency and the hexane extract was found to be more efficient than the aqueous extract. The treatment had no significant effect (p>0.05) on intromission, ejaculation and erection. The fertility of the animals remained unaffected. It's concluded that Mondia whitei had sexual enhancement of the sexually inexperienced male rats.
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m in the central Andes. Maca is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Maca can prevent high altitude-induced testicular disturbances. Adult male rats were exposed for 21 days to an altitude of 4340 m and treated with vehicle or aqueous extract of Maca (666.6 mg/day). The lengths of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium and epididymal sperm counts were obtained at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. The stages of the seminiferous tubules were assessed by transillumination. A dose-response study was also performed at sea level to determine the effect of Maca given to male rats at doses of 0, 6.6, 66.6 and 666.6 mg/day for 7 days on body weight, seminiferous tubule stages and epididymal sperm count. The length of stage VIII and the epididymal sperm count were increased in a dose-dependent manner in Maca-treated rats but treatment reduced the length of stage I. At the highest dose, sperm count increased 1.58 times, the length of stage VIII increased 2.4 times and the length of stage I was reduced 0.48 times compared with the value at dose 0. Exposure to high altitude resulted in a reduction in epididymal sperm count after 7 days and lower values were maintained up to 21 days. Altitude reduced spermiation (stage VIII) to half and the onset of spermatogenesis (stages IX-XI) to a quarter on days 7 and 14 but treatment with Maca (666.6 mg/day) prevented these changes. Data on transillumination and epididymal sperm count in the Maca-treated group exposed to high altitude were similar to those obtained at sea level. Maca increased the sperm count on day 21 of exposure to high altitude to values similar (1095.25 +/- 20.41x10(6) sperm, means +/- S.E.M.) to those obtained in the Maca-treated group at sea level (1132.30 +/- 172.95x10(6) sperm). Furthermore, in the Maca-treated group exposed for 21 days to high altitude, epididymal sperm count was higher than in the non-treated group at sea level (690.49 +/- 43.67x10(6) sperm). In conclusion, treatment of rats with Maca at high altitude prevented high altitude-induced spermatogenic disruption.
To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and the aphrodisiac potential of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Rubiaceae) stem in male albino rats.
The aqueous stem extract of the plant was screened for phytochemical constituents. Male rats were orally dosed with 18 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of the extract at 24 h intervals and their sexual behavior parameters and serum testosterone concentration were evaluated at days 1, 3 and 5.
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids and saponins while anthraquinones and flavonoids are weakly present. All the doses resulted in significant increase in mount frequency, intromission frequency and significantly prolonged the ejaculatory latency (P 0.05) and reduced mount and intromission latency (P 0.05). There was also a significant increase in serum testosterone concentrations in all the groups in a manner suggestive of dose-dependence (P 0.05).
The aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem increased the blood testosterone concentrations and this may be the mechanism responsible for its aphrodisiac effects and various masculine behaviors. It may be used to modify impaired sexual functions in animals, especially those arising from hypotestosteronemia.
The bulbous roots of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo (Fam. Orchidacea) which are synonymous to the tubers of Orchis macula (Orchidaceae) and serve as source of Salep, are used traditionally in Indian subcontinent specially in the Northern region and Nepal as aphrodisiac and sexual stimulant. It is considered as a nutritive and restorative tonic and also as an alternative source of Salep used very commonly in Europe (1).
Total flavonoids extracted from Palisota hirsuta leaves modify the sexual parameters such as the latent time of observation (LTO) and the number of tentatives of intromission (NTI) (vaginal penetration) among the male rats. Indeed, administration of unique dose (27.59 mg Kg-1 of body weight (b. w.)) of flavonoids to male rats leads to a reduction of LTO and an increase of NTI in the time, this reveals the sexual stimulation. The present survey not only makes us understand but justifies the use of Palisota hirsuta leaves also as an aphrodisiac in traditional herbal medicine in Côte d'Ivoire.
Securidaca longepedunculata is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in South Africa. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the active constituents and to determine their activity in the relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle.
Bioassay guided isolation of the bioactive compounds using a smooth muscle relaxation bioassay and structural elucidation was carried out using different spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.
Two new xanthones were isolated; one of them showed potent activity to relax the corpus cavernosal smooth muscle by 97 % in comparison to sildenafil (Viagra) at 1.8 x 10(-5) mg/ml.
S. longepedunculata's xanthones stimulate the relaxation of corpus cavenosum smooth muscle, which supports the traditional use of its root bark.
The roots of Asparagus racemosus, Chlorophytum borivilianum, and rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides are popular for their aphrodisiac and immunostimulatory properties. The herbs have been traditionally used as Vajikaran Rasayana herbs because of their putative positive influence on sexual performance in humans. Lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained from the roots of A. racemosus, C. borivilianum, and rhizomes of C. orchioides were studied for sexual behavior effects in male albino rats and compared with untreated control group animals (total N = 60). The rats were evaluated for effect of treatments on anabolic effect. Seven measures of sexual behavior were evaluated. Administration of 200 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extracts had pronounced anabolic effect in treated animals as evidenced by weight gains in the body and reproductive organs. There was a significant variation in the sexual behavior of animals as reflected by reduction of mount latency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory latency, intromission latency, and an increase of mount frequency. Penile erection (indicated by Penile Erection Index) was also considerably enhanced. Reduced hesitation time (an indicator of attraction towards female in treated rats) also indicated an improvement in sexual behavior of extract treated animals. The observed effects appear to be attributable to the testosterone-like effects of the extracts. Nitric oxide based intervention may also be involved as observable from the improved penile erection. The present results, therefore, support the folklore claim for the usefulness of these herbs and provide a scientific basis for their purported traditional usage.
The search for an effective aphrodisiac has been a perennial pursuit of most societies throughout history. In the past decade, attention has focused increasingly on the prosexual effects of oral pharmacological agents with central neurotransmitter actions. The role of various dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic agents, in particular, has been intensively investigated in both human and animal studies. Some of these drugs have been considered for their potential role in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, while others have contributed to our understanding of basic neurophysiological processes in sexual arousal. This review provides a critical evaluation of current laboratory and clinical research on the "new aphrodisiacs," including studies in both patient populations and normal volunteers. Several conceptual and methodological problems are addressed, such as the definition and measurement of sexual response, the need to separate specific and nonspecific drug effects on sexual response, and the lack of studies in women. Although no single drug has proven to be clinically safe and reliably effective for human use, several promising candidates have been identified. Overall, research on prosexual drugs has contributed significantly to our understanding of basic mechanisms in sexual response, as well as providing new treatment options for common sexual disorders.
Administration of Trichopus zeylanicus leaf (ethanol extract) to male mice stimulated their sexual behaviour as evidenced by an increase in number of mounts and mating performance. This activity of the ethanol extract was concentration dependent and destroyed by heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 15 min. Although oral administration of a single dose (200 mg/kg) was effective, daily administration of the extract for 6 days was found to be more effective. The pups fathered by the drug treated mice were found to be normal with reference to foetal growth, litter size and sex ratio. The water as well as n-hexane extracts of the plant leaf were inactive. The present study reveals for the first time the aphrodisiac activity of Trichopus zeylanicus, an endemic herb of India.
Over 30 million men and their partners suffer the effects of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction results in significant psychological, social and physical morbidity; requiring a comprehensive and compassionate approach by the health care provider. The article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of erectile dysfunction. It provides a comprehensive, outcome-based evaluation of current treatment modalities.
To document the prevalence of use of herbal products among adults in a large metropolitan area and to examine issues surrounding such use.
Of people aged 18 years and older residing in the Minneapolis/St Paul, Minn, metropolitan area, 752 were randomly selected from Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Service Division data tapes. Between June and August 1999, surveys were mailed to determine use of any herb and use of 13 specific herbs. Rationale for use, perceived efficacy, and source of product information were assessed for each of the specific herbs.
Of the initial 752 persons, 580 were eligible, and 376 returned a completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 65%. When asked whether they had used an herb during the past 12 months, 230 respondents (61.2%) reported that they had. Prevalence of use of specific herbs ranged from 30.9% for ginseng to 3.0% for milk thistle. The most commonly reported reasons for using herbs varied by the type of herb, although for 5 of the herbs, the most frequently mentioned reason was to promote general health/well-being. For 11 of the 13 herbs, less than 60% of those who used the herb rated it as effective or very effective. Family, friends, and written materials were the leading sources of product information among those taking 9 of the 13 specific herbs.
Herbs are used frequently to treat or prevent an array of health conditions. At present, people who use herbal products appear to rely predominantly on family and friends for information.
Tribulus terrestris (TT) has long been used in the traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments and is popularly claimed to improve sexual functions in man. Sexual behaviour and intracavernous pressure (ICP) were studied in both normal and castrated rats to further understand the role of TT containing protodioscin (PTN) as an aphrodisiac. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 8 each that included distilled water treated (normal and castrated), testosterone treated (normal and castrated, 10 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously, bi-weekly) and TT treated (castrated, 5 mg/kg body weight, orally once daily). Decreases in body weight, prostate weight and ICP were observed among the castrated groups of rats compared to the intact group. There was an overall reduction in the sexual behaviour parameters in the castrated groups of rats as reflected by decrease in mount and intromission frequencies (MF and IF) and increase in mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies (ML, IL, EL) as well as post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). Compared to the castrated control, treatment of castrated rats (with either testosterone or TT extract) showed increase in prostate weight and ICP that were statistically significant. There was also a mild to moderate improvement of the sexual behaviour parameters as evidenced by increase in MF and IF; decrease in ML, IL and PEI. These results were statistically significant. It is concluded that TT extract appears to possess aphrodisiac activity probably due to androgen increasing property of TT (observed in our earlier study on primates).
To determine the effect of a methanolic extract of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal roots on sexual competence of male rats.
Male rats were orally administered 3000 mg.kg-1.day-1 of root extract for 7 days. Their sexual behaviour was evaluated 7 days prior to treatment, day 3 and 7 of treatment, and day 7, 14 and 30 post-treatment by pairing each male with a receptive female.
The root extract induced a marked impairment in libido, sexual performance, sexual vigour, and penile erectile dysfunction. These effects were partly reversible on cessation of treatment. These antimasculine effects are not due to changes in testosterone levels or toxicity but may be attributed to hyperprolactinemic, GABAergic, serotonergic or sedative activities of the extract.
Use of W. somnifera roots may be detrimental to male sexual competence.
To study the effect of Butea superba on erectile dysfunction (ED) in Thai males.
A 3-month randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out in volunteers with ED, aged 30 years approximately 70 years, to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the crude preparation of Butea superba tubers on ED.
There was a significant upgrading in 4 of the 5 descriptive evaluations of the IIEF-5 questionnaire. Estimation of the sexual record indicated that 82.4% of the patients exhibited noticeable improvement. Haematology and blood chemistry analysis revealed no apparent change.
The plant preparation appears to improve the erectile function in ED patients without apparent toxicity.
The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the sexual qualities of middle aged male rats after dosing them with 0.5 g/kg of various fractions of E. longifolia whilst the control group received 3 ml/kg of normal saline daily for 12 weeks. Results showed than E. longifolia Jack enhanced the sexual qualities of the middle aged male rats by decreasing their hesitation time as compared to controls with various fractions of E. longifolia Jack produced 865-916 (91-96), 860-914 (92-98), 850-904 (93-99), 854-890 (95-99), 844-880 (94-98), 840-875 (94-98), 830-870 (94-98), 825-860 (94-98), 820-850 (96-99), 800-840 (93-98), 750-795 (94-99) and 650-754 sec (82-95%) in contrast to controls which produced 950 (100), 934 (100), 910 (100), 900 (100), 895 (100), 890 (100), 885 (100), 880 (100), 855 (100), 860 (100), 800 (100) and 790 sec (100%) throughout the investigation period. Besides these, there was a transient increase in the % of the male rats responding to the right choice after chronic administration of 0.5 g/kg E. longifolia Jack, with more than 50% of the male rats scored right choice after 2 weeks post-treatment and the effect was more prominent at the dose of the observation period. However, there was no sexual enhancement of the middle aged male rats which consumed normal saline since only 45-55% of the male rats responded to right choice throughout the investigation period. Hence, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack enhanced the sexual qualities of the middle aged male rats, further supports the folkuse of E. longifolia Jack as an aphrodisiac.
In the present study, the aphrodisiac activity of Butea frondonsa Koen. ex Roxb (Papillionaceae) bark extract was investigated. The extract (400 mg/kg body wt./day) was administered orally by gavage for 28 days. Mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL), mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed before and during the sexual behavior study at day 0, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28. The extract reduced significantly ML, IL, EL and PEI (p < 0.05). The extract also increased significantly MF, IF and EF (p < 0.05). These effects were observed in sexually active and inactive male rats.
Cihuapatli, the Mexican zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) has an extensive ethnomedical history of use as a traditional remedy for reproductive impairments. During the study of the ejaculatory function in rats and by testing a set of Mexican plants with medicinal properties, we observed that crude extracts of M. tomentosa facilitated ejaculation. Thus, we decided to analyze the possibility that this plant possessed sexual stimulant properties. To that aim, copulatory behavior of sexually active male rats receiving doses of 38, 75 and 150 mg/kg of the aqueous crude extract of M. tomentosa, as it is prepared in traditional medicine, was assessed. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the 75-mg/kg dose of the extract on males with anesthetization of the genital area and on sexual behavior of sexually inactive male rats (noncopulators). Results showed that acute oral administration of crude extracts of M. tomentosa facilitates expression of sexual behavior in sexually active male rats, significantly increases mounting behavior in genitally anesthetized animals and induces the expression of sexual behavior in noncopulating males. Altogether, these data reveal a facilitatory action of this extract on sexual activity and particularly on sexual arousal. Present findings provide experimental evidence that the crude extract preparation of M. tomentosa, used as a traditional remedy, possesses aphrodisiac properties.
The Caribbean island of Grenada furnishes the popular aphrodisiac drug Bois Bandé, which consists of the stem bark and the roots of Chione venosa (sw.) URBAN var. venosa (Rubiaceae), a native tree growing in the islands' rain forest. The phytochemical investigation of dichloromethane and methanolic-aqueous extracts of the bark and the roots yielded three acetophenone derivatives described for the first time in plants - ortho-hydroxy-acetophenone-azine (1), acetophenone-2-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1''-->6')-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside] (2) and acetophenone-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) - along with five known compounds, alpha-morroniside (4), sweroside (5), diderroside (6), daucosterol (7) and beta-sitosterol (8). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, UV-Vis and ESI-MS.
This study was undertaken to study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) in male rat fertility. SKEO was administered orally at doses of 75, 150, and 225 mg/kg/day for 45 days through drinking water. Treated and control rats were mated with female on day 45 of treatment. SKEO significantly improved all the parameters evaluated such as potency, fecundity, fertility index, and litter size. Moreover, concentrations of FSH and testosterone were significantly increased in SKEO-treated groups. Also the weights of testes, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate weights were increased by SKEO (225 mg/kg). Histopathological analysis showed that in male rats treated with SKEO (150, 225 mg/kg) the number of spermatogonium, spermatid cords, Leydig cells, and spermatozoids was increased. Also in these groups, the Sertoli cells were hypertrophic.
The rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides have been traditionally used as aphrodisiac. In the present study ethanolic extract of rhizomes was evaluated for its effect on sexual behavior in rats. Administration of 100 mg/kg of extract change significantly the sexual behavior as assessed by determining parameters such as penile erection, mating performance, mount frequency and mount latency. Moreover a pronounced anabolic and spermatogenic effect was evidenced by weight gains of reproductive organs. The treatment also markedly affected sexual behavior of animals as reflected in reduction of mount latency, an increase in mount frequency and enhanced attractability towards female. Penile erection index was also incremented in treated group.
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