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Influence of tooth crowding on the prevalence of dental caries. A literature review
Abstract
Dental caries is a disease of the mineralized tissues of teeth. It usually has a chronic course and is caused by external factors which can be modified. Current opinions about the contribution of malocclusions to the etiology of dental caries are conflicting. Some researchers believe that malocclusions like crowded teeth cause improper contacts between neighboring teeth and make effective oral hygiene more difficult. The difficulty in cleaning crowded teeth is believed to increase plaque accumulation and consequently predisposes the tooth to the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. Others claim that malocclusion has a minimal influence on the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. Ideal oral hygiene is of basic importance for plaque elimination which is the harmful factor in caries and in this way is decisive for the health of mineral and soft tissues to a much greater extent than lack of malocclusion. However, if a person with malocclusion is more susceptible to dental caries, oral hygiene cannot be the decisive factor.
... Another factor, that should not be overlooked, is the influence of advertising on the choice and use of oral hygiene products, as well as in shaping dietary habits, including the consumption of sweets and soft drinks. [1][2][3] Over the last few years, many researchers have looked at the problem of dental caries in children and the relationship between the disease and oral hygiene. They have stressed the importance of brushing teeth carefully 1-2 times a day so as to prevent carious lesions occurring. ...
... Correct oral hygiene is impeded by pathological changes occurring in the mucous membrane, hypertrophy of the interdental papilla, the appearance of pathological pockets, cavities, badly shaped fillings and malocclusions as well as wearing orthodontic appliances. 2,4 Objective of the study The objectives of the study were as follows: • Attempt to identify a relationship between the type of present dental plaque and an increase in the risk of dental caries. ...
... Similar to numerous other studies our research showed that boys had a higher DMF index than girls. 1,2 If the relationship between oral hygiene and the sex of a child may not appear to be quite comprehensible, the improvement in this index as the child gets older is easier to understand. The study revealed that a major turning point, when it comes to improved oral hygiene, occurs as the child gets older, and to be more exact when the child is around 11 years of age. ...
The study is focused on increased risk of dental plaque accumulation among the children undergoing orthodontic treatment in consideration of individual hygiene and dietary habits.
The study was conducted among 91 children aged 7-14 including 47 girls and 44 boys. The main objectives of the study were: API index, plaque pH, DMF index, proper hygiene and dietary habits. Statistical analysis was provided in Microsoft Office Exel spreadsheet and STATISTICA statistical software.
The average API index among the children wearing removable appliance was 9 (SD = 13), and among children without appliances was 16 (SD = 21). DMF index for patients using appliances was 5 (SD = 3) and for those without appliances was 4 (SD = 2). The average plaque pH was 6 for children with appliances (SD = 0.9) and 6.2 without ones (SD = 0.3).
In patients in whom there is a higher risk of dental plaque accumulating, correct oral hygiene supported with regular visits to the dentist is one of the best ways to control dental caries. In the fight against caries the most effective and only approach is to promote awareness of the problem, foster proper hygiene and nutritional habits, as well as educate children from a very young age in how to maintain proper oral hygiene.
... Feldenes et al. [6] found that handicapping malocclusion, maxillary irregularity, and abnormal molar relationship were associated with the occurrence and severity of dental caries. However, Szyszka-Sommerfeld and Buczkowska-Radlińska [7] reported that the influence of malocclusion on the development of dental caries and periodontal disease was minimal, and Vellappally et al. [8] found no correlation between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries among adolescents. Some researchers have reported that crowding causes improper contacts between neighboring teeth, making effective oral hygiene difficult. ...
BACKGROUND:
There are conflicting opinions about the contribution of malocclusions to the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. This study's aim was to determine the association between specific malocclusion traits, caries, oral hygiene and periodontal health for children 6 to 12 years old.
METHODS:
The study was a household survey. The presence of malocclusion traits was assessed in 495 participants. The caries status and severity were assessed with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index and the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Index (GI) were used to assess periodontal health. The association between malocclusion traits, the presence of caries, poor oral hygiene, and poor gingival health were determined with chi square and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05.
RESULTS:
Seventy-four (14.9%) study participants had caries, with mean (SD) dmft/DMFT scores of 0.27 (0.82) and 0.07 (0.39), respectively, and mean (SD) pufa/PUFA index scores of 0.09 (0.43) and 0.02 (0.20), respectively. The mean (SD) OHI-S score was 1.56 (0.74) and mean (SD) GI score was 0.90 (0.43). Dental Aesthetic Index scores ranged from 13 to 48 with a mean (SD) score of 20.7 (4.57). Significantly greater proportions of participants with crowding (p = 0.026) and buccal crossbite (p = 0.009) had caries. Significantly more children with increased overjet (p = 0.003) and anterior open bite (p = 0.008) had moderate to severe gingivitis. Poor oral hygiene (OR: 1.83; CI: 1.05-3.18 p = 0.033), crowding (OR: 1.97; CI: 1.01-3.49; p = 0.021) and buccal crossbite (OR: 6.57; CI: 1.51-28.51 p = 0.012) significantly increased the odds of having caries. Poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001), increased overjet (p = 0.003), and anterior open bite (p = 0.014) were the only significant traits associated with gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS:
Crowding and buccal cross bite were associated with caries, whereas increased overjet and anterior open bite were associated with gingivitis. These findings justify the recommendation of orthodontic treatment to improve oral health.
... Feldenes et al. [6] found that handicapping malocclusion, maxillary irregularity, and abnormal molar relationship were associated with the occurrence and severity of dental caries. However, Szyszka-Sommerfeld and Buczkowska-Radlińska [7] reported that the influence of malocclusion on the development of dental caries and periodontal disease was minimal, and Vellappally et al. [8] found no correlation between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries among adolescents. Some researchers have reported that crowding causes improper contacts between neighboring teeth, making effective oral hygiene difficult. ...
Abstract Background There are conflicting opinions about the contribution of malocclusions to the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. This study’s aim was to determine the association between specific malocclusion traits, caries, oral hygiene and periodontal health for children 6 to 12 years old. Methods The study was a household survey. The presence of malocclusion traits was assessed in 495 participants. The caries status and severity were assessed with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index and the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Index (GI) were used to assess periodontal health. The association between malocclusion traits, the presence of caries, poor oral hygiene, and poor gingival health were determined with chi square and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was inferred at p
... The possibilities of correlations between dental anomalies causing plaque accumulation and caries scores were also studied. In accordance with the WHO guidelines dental crowding, considered to be one of the most important orthodontic anomaly causing plaque retention, was also examined in the maxillary and mandibular incisor regions [Szyszka-Sommerfeld and Buczkowska-Radlińska, 2010]. ...
Aim:
The purpose of this epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion, its association with caries experience, and level of oral hygiene in the Apulian population.
Materials and methods:
Study design: A total of 530 paediatric patients (267 girls, 263 boys), aged 8-10 years (±SD 1.2) were randomly selected from primary schools in Apulia (Italy). The Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmtf) index, the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), recorded according to the WHO criteria, were used by two calibrated examiners to diagnose dental caries and malocclusion, respectively.
Results:
Except for the presence of dental calculus, Class II malocclusion, open bite and dental crowding, (p>0.05), all variables in the negative binomial regression showed a significant relationship with the incidence rate of caries in deciduous teeth.
Statistics:
Children were clinically examined in a community dental office. Statistical analysis was carried out using R version 3.5.1.
Conclusion:
The study outcomes underline the need for preventive care programmes to improve oral health conditions as well as to decrease oral pathology risk factors in the Apulia region.
... (a) correspondence of family income and education [36], (b) more prevalent sucking habits in PB children, possibly reflecting the reported increase in sucking habits of children feeling insecure, lonely, or stressed [37], (c) higher proportion (3-fold) of mothers of PB children who smoked during pregnancy, concurring with prior conclusions that smoking during pregnancy is negatively correlated with educational level and socioeconomic status [38,39], (d) the association between overbite and sucking duration [40,41], possibly explained by the link of sucking habits with tongue thrust and abnormal swallowing pattern [42], (e) positive associations between posterior crossbite and age and between crossbite and the presence (and duration) of a sucking habit [43], (f) the association between irregularity of incisors and DMFT [44,45]. More caries may develop because of inappropriate brushing of the crowded incisors, (g) the association between mouth breathing and increased irregularity score of the mandibular incisor [46]. ...
... (a) correspondence of family income and education [36], (b) more prevalent sucking habits in PB children, possibly reflecting the reported increase in sucking habits of children feeling insecure, lonely, or stressed [37], (c) higher proportion (3-fold) of mothers of PB children who smoked during pregnancy, concurring with prior conclusions that smoking during pregnancy is negatively correlated with educational level and socioeconomic status [38,39], (d) the association between overbite and sucking duration [40,41], possibly explained by the link of sucking habits with tongue thrust and abnormal swallowing pattern [42], (e) positive associations between posterior crossbite and age and between crossbite and the presence (and duration) of a sucking habit [43], (f) the association between irregularity of incisors and DMFT [44,45]. More caries may develop because of inappropriate brushing of the crowded incisors, (g) the association between mouth breathing and increased irregularity score of the mandibular incisor [46]. ...
Aim. To assess severity of malocclusion in Lebanese elementary school children and the relationship between components of malocclusion and sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Methods. Dental screening was performed on 655 school children aged 6–11 from 2 public (PB) and 5 private (PV) schools in Beirut. A calibrated examiner recorded occlusion, overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, midline diastema, and crowding. Another examiner determined the DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) score. A questionnaire filled by the parents provided data on sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Multinomial, binomial, and multiple linear regressions tested the association of these factors with occlusal indices. Results. Malocclusion was more severe in PB students. Age and sucking habit were associated with various components of malocclusion. Crowding was more prevalent among males and significantly associated with the DMFT score. Income and educational level were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in PV pupils and deleterious habits were more frequent in PB children. Conclusions. Children of lower socioeconomic background had more severe malocclusions and poorer general dental health. Compared to Western and WHO norms, the findings prompt health policy suggestions to improve dental care of particularly public school children through regular screenings in schools, prevention methods when applicable, and cost effective practices through public and private enabling agencies.
Introduction:
Centronuclear myopathy is a hereditary congenital muscle disease. It is characterized by generalized muscle hypotonia from early childhood, elongated cacial appearance, mandibular undergroth, and dental malposition. In this report, we discuss the clinical course and management of a patient with centronuclearmyopathy, who developed a giant dental calculus in the floor of the mouth and underwent surgical excision.
Case report:
A 37-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital, and reported a swelling in the floor of the mouth. The patient affects centronuclear myopathy and has generalized muscle weakness. CT images showed a high-density area in the floor of the mouth measuring 35 × 28 × 20 mm. The lesion was clinically diagnosed as giant dental calculus, and surgically removed.
Conclusion:
We have experienced a case of giant dental calculus in a patient with centronuclear myopathy. In dental treatment, we must consider generalized muscle weakness.
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