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Aux origines des thérapies comportementales et cognitives : psychanalyse, behaviorisme et scientisme aux États-Unis 1906-1970

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... Some authors, inspired by a positivist perspective, consider that behavioral therapies were the root of the success of the cognitive model and believe that CBT is a supplementary product of research in basic psychology (Rachman, 1997;Fishman, Rego, & Muller, 2013). Other authors highlight the continuity and changes that arise in the psychoanalytic tradition (Rosner, 1999Rosner, , 2014) and suggest that the origins of CBT are linked to the popularization of the criterion of effectiveness in the USA and its consequent crisis in psychoanalysis (Plas, 2008;Semerari, 2002). Others, who are more interested in the institutional conception of psychology, observe the psychoanalytic formation of the founders of CBT (Hollon & DiGiuseppe, 2013). ...
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In this study we describe some of the reasons that lead Aaron T Beck to move away from psychoanalysis and participate in the creation of cognitive therapy. With this aim in view, we describe the research developed by Beck between 1959 and 1962. In these studies the data that promotes the fall of the psychoanalytic explanatory hypothesis for depression began to be processed. Within this analysis we include some elements that we consider essential to understand this process of change: From Beck's obtaining a grant to investigate depression and his starting to work with collaborators like Marvin Hurvich and Sigmour Feshbach, whose new tools and methodologies helped Beck to test a psychoanalytic hypothesis of depression. Finally, we will include questions related to the research policies of the National Institute of Mental Health, and some commentaries about personal and institutional policy reasons that influenced Beck's work.
... Furthermore, it marked the start of a large debate in the French media-a francophone version of the Anglo-Saxon " Freud Wars " (Forrester, 1998)-concerning psychoanalysis and CBT (Meyer, 2005). historical overview of the development of behaviourism and its therapeutic applications 4. On a more general level, this work follows the trend of a series of studies that have opened the way towards an intellectual and cultural history of behaviourism and CBT – both inside the Anglo-Saxon context (Marks, 2012;Plas, 2008;Rosner, 2012Rosner, , 2014) and outside it (Cirino, Miranda, & Cruz, 2012;Goldwurm, 1999;Korman, Viotti, & Garay, 2015). The French intellectual milieu perceived behavioural therapies as the perfect example of the least noble thing that psychology had to offer concerning the conception of Man. ...
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In 1960s France, behavior therapy attracted the attention of a group of isolated pioneers largely composed of psychiatrists and some experimental psychologists. At the beginning of the 1970s, after a discreet introduction, the development of this movement provoked an adverse reaction related to the French intellectual context, which was characterized by a taste for psychoanalysis. At the height of the Cold War, this new form of therapy was, moreover, seen as a typical product of American culture, and viewed as a technique for mind control that would be incompatible with French humanist values. In this respect, the French rejection of behavioral therapies can also be placed in a broader context, one of anti-Americanism and assertion of the French "cultural exception." Thus, until the late 1980s, the development of the French behavior therapy movement was weak compared with what happened in the United Kingdom or the United States. Conversely, psychoanalysis reigned unchallenged in the French market for psychotherapy. In the early 1990s, the arrival of cognitive-behavioral therapy made a crucial difference. Hybridized with cognitive techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy was seen as a "synthetic product" better suited to the French culture in psychotherapy than the initial model of "pure" behavior therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record
... Other authors focus on the continuities and changes emerging from the psychoanalytical tradition. They suggest that the origins of CBT are rooted in the popularization of effectiveness criteria in the United States and a subsequent crisis in psychoanalysis (Plas, 2008;Semerari, 2002). Others still interested in an institutional conception of psychology focus on the psychoanalytical background of the founders of CBT, Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis (Hollon & DiGiuseppe, 2013). ...
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This paper aims to describe the causes that lead to the first cognitive psychotherapists in Argentina to accede to this theoretical model. Interviews conducted with early practitioners with training in this theory, some of them founders of the Asociación Argentina de Terapia Cognitiva, will try to point out the facts and factors that led to the emergence of the cognitive movement in psychotherapy within our country.
... Other authors focus on the continuities and changes emerging from the psychoanalytical tradition. They suggest that the origins of CBT are rooted in the popularization of effectiveness criteria in the United States and a subsequent crisis in psychoanalysis (Plas, 2008;Semerari, 2002). Others still interested in an institutional conception of psychology focus on the psychoanalytical background of the founders of CBT, Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis (Hollon & DiGiuseppe, 2013). ...
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The growing popularity of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) has helped reshape the mental health scene in the city of Buenos Aires, historically the stronghold of psychoanalysis. In the early 1980s, CBT was infrequently used and sometimes overtly resisted in the field of mental health. Almost 3 decades later, the impact of CBT has increased dramatically in Argentina, not only in independent practice but also in the health system and in everyday life. This article aims to describe the process by which Argentine psychotherapists first adopted this new theoretical framework.
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