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A multi-band antenna for mobile handset
Abstract and Figures
Conventional microstrip antennas in general have a conducting patch printed on a grounded microwave substrate, and have the attractive features of low profile, light weight, easy fabrication, and conformability to mounting hosts. Microstrip antennas however have a narrow bandwidth, and bandwidth enhancement is usually demanded for practical applications. In addition to being broadband, they should be capable of operating in multiple frequency bands too. Compactness of structure is another feature desired in present-day mobile communication systems in order to meet the miniaturization requirements of mobile units. Thus, mobile phones antennas require reduction in size and broadband operation for compatibility with different standards essentially operating in different frequency bands. This project reviews the techniques used to incorporate these two essential features to a conventional microstrip antenna. Planar Inverted-F Antenna has been developed and the information acquired from these techniques is appropriately used to explain the design of operation for mobile phones. The quarter-wavelength Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) combines the use of a slot, shorted parasitic patches and capacitive loads to achieve multi-band operation. The result is a compact structure capable of broadband operation in six different frequency bands used by four standards – GSM900 (Global System for Mobile), GPS (Global Position System), DCS1800 (Digital Cellular Systems), PCS1900 (Personal Communication Systems), UMTS2000 (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems) and WLAN2400 (Wireless Local Area Network).
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A wireless communication apparatus and a planar antenna thereof are provided. The wireless communication apparatus comprises a connecting port, a printed circuit board, and a planar antenna. The printed circuit board is connected to the connecting port, and the planar antenna is formed on the printed circuit board. The planar antenna comprises a radiation portion, a shorting portion, and a feeding portion. The feeding portion is connected to the radiation portion and the shorting portion, and the radiation portion and the shorting portion are in a bent shape so that the radiation portion, the shorting portion and the feeding portion are distributed in a rectangular region.
The design of the dual band microstrip antenna started by designing the single elements that will cover a portion of the bandwidth required to cover the wireless LAN frequency band. A direct feeding method using the inset feeding technique was used in this paper. The representation of a common microstrip line can be easily represented in the ADS software compared to the other feeding technique.
A partially filled waveguide is presented to measure complex
permittivity and permeability simultaneously at microwave frequency. The
mode-matching method is used to analyze the higher-order modes in the
waveguide. Experimental results agree well with theoretical results.
The discipline of antenna theory has experienced vast technological changes. In response, Constantine Balanis has updated his classic text, Antenna Theory, offering the most recent look at all the necessary topics. New material includes smart antennas and fractal antennas, along with the latest applications in wireless communications. Multimedia material on an accompanying CD presents PowerPoint viewgraphs of lecture notes, interactive review questions, Java animations and applets, and MATLAB features. Like the previous editions, Antenna Theory, Third Edition meets the needs of electrical engineering and physics students at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate levels, and those of practicing engineers as well. It is a benchmark text for mastering the latest theory in the subject, and for better understanding the technological applications.
An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.
A review is presented of current measurement methods for the determination of dielectric and optical properties of materials at frequencies between 30 and 1000 GHz. The methods considered will fall into four main categories based on guided, resonant, free-space and stirred-mode geometries. The main applications of the measurements considered are in the study of materials that are relevant to telecommunication and radar developments. The significance of dielectric measurements for physicochemical and biomedical studies is also briefly discussed. Among the methods covered are those based on waveguide bridges, closed cavities and open resonators, Fourier transform spectrometry and laser methods. The relatively new field of stirred mode (or untuned) cavity dielectric measurements is introduced and discussed. The application of these methods is illustrated by reference to measurements on low-loss solids, highly reflecting surfaces, liquids, composite materials and, briefly, on biological materials and gases.