No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Mindfulness and Health Behaviors: Is Paying Attention Good for You?
Abstract
the investigators examined relations between mindfulness and health behaviors in college students, as well as the role of stress in mediating these effects.
participants were 553 undergraduates (385 females; mean age = 18.8 years, SD = 2.1) recruited from a university in the northeastern United States.
participants completed questionnaires assessing mindfulness, perceived health, health behaviors, health-related activity restriction, and stress. Data were collected from September 2007 through December 2007.
overall perceived health and health-related activity restriction, as well as some health behaviors (eg, binge eating, sleep quality, and physical activity) were related to the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire and were partially mediated by stress.
these results suggest that mindfulness is related to decreased stress, which in turn contributes to increased positive health perceptions and health behaviors. The findings support the utility of mindfulness in promoting physical and psychological health in college students.
... but has yet to fully incorporate these findings into machine learning prediction [9,34,65,102,110]. Research shows that stress is related to maladaptive, or unhealthy, eating patterns that involve high concentrations of calories, fat, and sugar [133]. ...
... These associations are also observed across diverse populations, including older adults and college students. Studies suggest that that mindfulness practices can both reduce perceived stress and improve eating patterns, particularly among emerging adults, women, and individuals with obesity [9,34,65,110]. The association between mindfulness and awareness of a healthy diet has empirical evidence not only among patients of clinical eating disorders but also non-clinical samples [80,102]. ...
... This suggests that mindful eaters are more likely to engage in the physical activity, highlighting a potential correlation between mindfulness and increased physical engagement and healthier lifestyle choices. The positive association between mindfulness and physical activity levels is consistent with many previous studies which examined the associations among mindfulness, physical activities, and health behaviours have also concluded that higher levels of mindfulness lead to higher levels of physical activities [110,112,130]. ...
... Although mindfulness is commonly associated with meditation training, it can also be measured as a trait varying across individuals (Brown & Ryan, 2003). High trait mindfulness is consistently associated with lower perceived stress (Donald et al., 2016), and it follows that higher trait mindfulness may reduce physical health concerns by decreasing stress (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). Indeed, trait mindfulness appears to correlate with not only lower stress but also fewer physical health concerns (Murphy et al., 2012). ...
... The mindfulness stress buffering account as it relates to perceived physical health in college students has been investigated in two recent studies. The first, by Roberts and Danoff-Burg (2010), found higher trait mindfulness was associated with better perceived physical functioning, and perceived stress partially mediated this relationship. Ballantyne et al. (2021) replicated and extended that study by examining the mediating effect of stress on physical symptoms across five facets of trait mindfulness: observing, describing, non-judging, non-reactivity, and acting with awareness (Baer et al., 2006). ...
... It should be noted that other cross-sectional survey studies (e.g., Bergin & Pakenham, 2016) have tested the mindfulness stress buffering account using moderation, rather than mediation analysis. Mediation is used here to directly replicate and extend the work of Roberts and Danoff-Burg (2010) and Ballantyne et al. (2021), while acknowledging that neither analytic approach allows us to infer causality using a cross-sectional dataset (Chmura Kraemer et al., 2008). As recommended, mediation is the most appropriate analytic approach when all variables are related to one another, whereas moderation assumes the predictor and mediator are independent (Chmura Kraemer et al., 2008), which is not the case in the present study. ...
Objectives
The mindfulness stress buffering account posits mindfulness may benefit physical health by reducing stress. Previous research supports this account and suggests the non-judging facet of mindfulness may be most strongly associated with physical symptoms of stress, via lower perceived stress. The current replication study used structural equation modeling to analyze relationships between multiple facets of mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical symptoms of stress.
Methods
Undergraduate students (n = 534, 68% White, 65% female) completed surveys measuring trait mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and physical symptoms of stress (Cohen-Hoberman Inventory of Physical Symptoms).
Results
As hypothesized, results showed the negative relationship between four facets of mindfulness (describing, non-judging, non-reactivity, and acting with awareness) and physical symptoms of stress was partially mediated by lower perceived stress. Observing, however, was associated with more physical symptoms of stress.
Conclusions
The current findings successfully replicated the results of two previous studies in an independent sample, using a more parsimonious analytic strategy that included all variables in a single path model. Results confirm the stress-buffering effect of trait mindfulness, particularly non-judging. Future research may test whether changes in trait mindfulness, particularly non-judging, explain individual differences in objective measures of stress and physical health.
... 28 Trait mindfulness is known to be a buffer against psychological distress and perceived stress, which in turn impacts health behaviors such as sleep quality. [19][20][21] Simione et al found that, in a general adult sample, mindfulness was negatively related to stress and this effect fully mediated the positive relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. 21 Lau et al and Roberts & Danoff-Burg found a partial mediation effect in undergraduate samples. ...
... 21 Lau et al and Roberts & Danoff-Burg found a partial mediation effect in undergraduate samples. 19,20 The present study sought to clarify this relationship, focusing on young adults, and by including rumination as an additional mediator. This is of value given the well-characterized relationships between mindfulness and rumination, and between rumination and sleep. ...
Objective
Poor sleep among young adults is prevalent, yet the mediating variables are largely understudied, and there is limited relevant work utilizing objective sleep measures. The present study investigated the mediating effects of perceived stress and rumination in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective and objective sleep quality in young adults.
Methods
A total of 170 healthy adults (aged 18–37, M = 20.8, SD = 2.9) self-reported on trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and rumination. The primary (N = 140) and secondary (N = 30) samples both completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess subjective sleep quality. The secondary sample (N = 30) additionally provided sleep diaries, as well as wrist-worn actigraphy data for assessing objective sleep quality. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the effect of trait mindfulness on sleep quality with perceived stress and rumination as mediators.
Results
Trait mindfulness was positively associated with better subjective sleep quality; this was fully mediated by perceived stress, b = −0.08, 95% CI [−.12, −0.06]. Rumination was negatively associated with subjective sleep quality but did not mediate the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality, b = −0.01, 95% CI [−.03, 0.02]. Only trait mindfulness was correlated with diary-based sleep ratings, and none of the measures were associated with actigraphy-based sleep quality.
Conclusion
This study indicates that perceived stress is an important mediator in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective sleep quality among young adults, rather than rumination. These findings have implications for mindfulness-based therapeutic approaches to address the high prevalence of sleep disorders among young adults, adding mechanistic detail to the literature.
... While individuals vary in their level of mindfulness, this trait is present in everyone and can be improved through practice (Brown & Ryan, 2003). Research shows that this factor has a notable capacity to impact health-related behaviors due to its ability to make individuals more mindful, leading to improved quality of life, healthier diets, higher levels of physical activity, and reduced binge eating (Gilbert & Waltz, 2010;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). Haliwa et al. (2020) also mention an association between elevated mindfulness levels and compliance with COVID-19 health measures, with a particular emphasis on social distancing. ...
... Black et al. (2012),Chatzisarantis and Hagger (2007), andRoberts and Danoff-Burg (2010), they are in contrast with those ofGilbert and Waltz (2010),Grinnell et al. (2011), andMurphy et al. (2012) ...
In times of global pandemics, making sure that individuals adhere to proper health behaviors and official recommendations presents a pressing challenge. To define the root causes of this challenge, our study aims to determine the intricate relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion, and self-control. We hope to aid the process of finding a potential solution for improving compliance with health behaviors by shedding light on the role of lesser-known factors. In this correlational study, we measured the compliance of 268 students from the University of Tehran with COVID-19 health behaviors through a seven-item questionnaire. We also assessed the participants’ mindfulness, self-compassion, and self-control using the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire, Neff’s short self-compassion scale, and brief self-control scale. The questionnaires were electronically available at a surveying platform and were distributed among the students through social media channels. In addition, we performed bootstrapping to identify intermediary effects of self-control and tested our hypothesis using the path analysis method. After checking for multivariate normality and noncollinearity, our bootstrapping results revealed that mindfulness (β = 0.033) and self-compassion (β=-0.010) did not directly predict compliance with COVID-19 health behaviors, but self-control did (β = 0.181). However, mindfulness (b = 0.024, P < 0.05) and self-compassion (b = 0.033, P < 0.05) predicted health behaviors through self-control as a mediator. Our findings demonstrate that the core cause of this challenging problem is self-control, therefore, in the context of studying these three factors, self-control should be considered as the main determining factor. However, our findings also elucidate how self-compassion and mindfulness contribute to this problem through self-control as an intermediary.
... The second IT-mindfulness dimension is awareness of multiple perspectives. This refers to the IT-mindful individual who is able to identify multiple uses of specific IT applications as well as to develop innovative solutions to emerging problems [58,59]. Considering that one of the major techno-stressors relates to the complexity of IT and the use of multiple devices, software and applications, dimension two can provide coping strategies for individuals struggling with techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-uncertainty. ...
... Individuals who explore their company systems more often experience less techno-uncertainty. The final dimension is orientation in the present, which refers to the IT-mindful individual who is focused on the present moment and context and is thus able to adapt technologies to several different contexts [59]. This dimension can help individuals to cope with techno-invasion and avoid getting carried away. ...
Information technology (IT) has brought a number of benefits in aiding remote work and facilitating hybrid work models. Though individuals are enjoying the benefits, hybrid work settings are characterised by ambiguity and excessive use of technology, which may result in technostress and may influence well-being negatively. Within this hybrid work model, a number of techno-stressors may impede employee efficiency and trigger anxiety. Among the stressors are techno-overload, techno-complexity, techno-unreliability, techno-uncertainty and techno-invasion. These techno-stressors may be exacerbated by other hybrid work model challenges including long working hours, consistent connectivity, emotional exhaustion, demand for higher cognitive abilities, workaholism and overload. Technostress has thus emerged as a critical issue within the realm of management, owing to its propensity to impose pronounced repercussions on employee welfare and work-life equilibrium, in ways that can significantly impact the overall efficiency of organisations. This chapter contributes and expands literature by identifying technology self-efficacy and mindfulness as coping mechanisms that can be applied by organisations to mitigate the negative consequences of techno-stressors. The recommendations offer practical value in developing, planning and implementing targeted interventions that enable individuals to cope. Practising and implementing technology self-efficacy and mindfulness strategies can protect employees from the negative consequences of technostress, enhance well-being and improve the overall performance of the organisation.
... Mindfulness is now a research field across subdisciplines within psychological science, including clinical social/personality (Brown and Ryan 2003), clinical (Biegel et al. 2009;Hanley and Garland 2022), health (Dunning et al. 2022;Roberts and Danoff-Burg 2010), educational (Beuchel et al. 2022;Schonert-Reichl et al. 2015) and many others. ...
... Similarly, in a mindful awareness intervention program, students' grades in reading and science have significantly improved after participation (Bakosh et al. 2015). In a large-scale study, mindfulness has become part of the standard education for nearly 6,000 teenager students in London (Rhodes 2015). In sum, many studies have rigorously assessed the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention programmes for boosting students' academic performance and found that positive associations exist regardless of cultural differences across countries (Sumell et al. 2021). ...
Mindfulness has been overlooked in previous studies of second or foreign language learning. This study aims to explore the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, burnout and self-perceived foreign language proficiency among a sample of 492 learners. Further, it seeks to make up for the deficiency in the current empirical literature regarding the mediation roles of anxiety and burnout in the relationship between mindfulness and students’ self-perceived foreign language competence. The findings were as follows: (1) students have a moderate level of mindfulness and foreign language anxiety, low level of perceived proficiency and foreign language learning burnout; (2) an increased level of mindfulness was associated with higher perceived foreign language competence and lower levels of anxiety and burnout; (3) anxiety and burnout mediated the relationship between mindfulness and students’ self-perceived FL proficiency. It is suggested in the implications that school administrators and policymakers might need to provide space and time to integrate mindfulness practices into the curricula. Language instructors could also incorporate brief and accessible interventions in classrooms to enhance students’ level of mindfulness. Limitations and future directions are discussed for further investigations.
... Jenkins et al. [52] (p. 2) noted "Emphasising PA as a buffer against psychological distress and preserving psychological well-being stems from a robust evidence base and has been advocated internationally as a way to reduce the negative impacts of the pandemic". The results of Jenkins et al. [53] indicated that physical activity was positively associated with psychological well-being. ...
... The mean score of trait mindfulness was significantly higher for athletes too in our sample. Roberts and Danoff-Burg [53] found in their cross-sectional study that individuals who have higher mindfulness levels report better perceived health. They also found that daily physical activity level has a significant and positive association with mindfulness, as well as the extent to which physical activity was enjoyed and the number of days reported to be physically active in the past week. ...
(1) Background: Changes in daily life and academic training has led to uncertainty in the higher education student population during COVID-19. The goal of the study was to examine the impacts of the pandemic on Hungarian students. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted by using self-report questionnaires collected in Google Forms. 827 students (25.29±8.09) took part anonymously. Scales: Well Being Index (WHO-5); Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14-14). Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS-14.24, results were considered at a significance level p≤0.05. (3) Results: Positive correlation was found between MAAS and WHO-5 (r=0.363, p<0.001) negative correlation between MAAS and PSS-14-14 (r=-0.448, p<0.001), negative correlation between WHO-5 and PSS-14-14 (r=-0.671, p<0.001). Females had higher PSS-14-14 mean score (32.51±10.16) than males (27.71±10.19; p<0.001; Z=-5,703), males (60.92±12.10) had higher MAAS level than females (57.31±12.51; p<0.001; Z=-3,589). No dif-ference was found in gender regarding WHO-5 mean scores. Athletes (7.03±3.27) differ significantly from non-athletes (6.00±3.04) in WHO-5 (p<0.001; Z=-4.349) and MAAS level (p=0.012; Z=-2.498) but showed no difference in PSS-14-14 (p=0.101; Z=-1.641). Students rated mental (3.01±0.99) worse than physical health (3.49±0.98; p<0.001, r=0.426) and the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.83±1.26) than physical (p<0.001, r=-0.212) and mental health (p<0.001, r=-0.408). Females had worse mental health (2.96±9.94) than males (3.20±0.99; p=0.003; Z=-2.924) and rated the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.90±1.23) than males (3.59±1.35; p=0.006; Z=-2.730). (4) Conclusions: Pandemic have negatively impacted students which may have long-term consequences in their mental and physical health and education.
... Also, Coffey states that by reducing the dependency of a person's happiness on conditions, Mindfulness leads to a reduction of anxiety (Coffey & Hartman, 2008). In addition, Roberts (2010) showed that mindfulness results in more physical activity, stronger health perception, less binge eating, better sleep quality, less smoking, and fewer sexual partners throughout life (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). It has also been shown that when people are not mindful of their pain, they are reluctant to accept it. ...
... Also, Coffey states that by reducing the dependency of a person's happiness on conditions, Mindfulness leads to a reduction of anxiety (Coffey & Hartman, 2008). In addition, Roberts (2010) showed that mindfulness results in more physical activity, stronger health perception, less binge eating, better sleep quality, less smoking, and fewer sexual partners throughout life (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). It has also been shown that when people are not mindful of their pain, they are reluctant to accept it. ...
Background: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health, but the outbreak of this virus can also have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study aimed to investigate the role of Perfectionism and Self-compassion in predicting Coronavirus anxiety.
Method: The sample consisted of 292 participants who responded online to the Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HF-MPS), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results have shown that the dimensions of perfectionism, and Self-compassion, predict Coronavirus anxiety (P <0.001). Also, Mindfulness and Common humanity, from Self-compassion components, could predict Coronavirus anxiety significantly (P <0.001).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that Perfectionism is effective in exacerbating Coronavirus anxiety, and Self-compassion is effective in modulating it. These variables can play an important role in general health policies, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Coronavirus anxiety.
... PMS occurs 1 to 2 weeks before menstruation and disappears after menstruation [22], so that the severity and remission of PMS were paired. Mindfulness increased positive health perceptions that was supported by this study [23]. ...
... The predictors of the remission of PMS were severity of PMS, acceptance of mindfulness; and the explained proportion of variance was 67.3%. Mindfulness programs have effectively reduced feelings of stress, increased positive health perceptions and health behaviors [23]. Nonjudgmental facets of mindfulness was related with positive functioning significantly [25]. ...
Objective: This study measured the symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and explored the affecting factors and predictors in female students with disabilities. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study. The subjects were female college students with disabilities who were recruited from Taiwan through college counseling centers using cluster random sampling. A total of 180 subjects completed valid questionnaires. The research data was analyzed by SPSS Version 18.0 through independent t-test and stepwise regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.85 years. The most severe and remissive symptoms were irritability, unstable mood and lack of energy. There was high prevalence of PMS for female students with disabilities (97.2%). The affecting factors of the severe PMS were gynecological disease, diet, family menstruation uncomfortable history, irregularity, lifestyle, irregular diet, learning hassles, interpersonal hassles, and irregular exercise. The crucial predictors of the severity of PMS were interpersonal hassles, gynecological disease, and irregular exercise. The explained proportion of variance was 16.9%, while the affecting factors of the remission of PMS were the severity of PMS and acceptance of mindfulness, while the crucial predictors of the remission of PMS were the same two factors. The explained proportion of variance was 67.3%. Conclusion: This study offers suggestions for how to manage PMS by exercise, diet, healthy lifestyle, decreasing psychological disturbances, and offering mindfulness practices. Allowing mindfulness philosophy to be practiced in students’ daily lives can improve their symptoms of PMS.
... However, evidence of an association between mindfulness and interoception accuracy (operationalized by the heartbeat tracking paradigm) is mixed (Khalsa et al., 2020), and the relationship remains insufficiently characterized. Interestingly, evidence of an association between mindfulness and health behaviors (e.g., eating, sleep quality, and physical activity) is more robust (Gilbert & Waltz, 2010;Lentz & Brown, 2019;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). On the one hand, dispositional mindfulness appears to be related to decreased stress, which, in turn, contributes to increasingly positive health perceptions and behaviors (Roberts et al., 2010). ...
... Interestingly, evidence of an association between mindfulness and health behaviors (e.g., eating, sleep quality, and physical activity) is more robust (Gilbert & Waltz, 2010;Lentz & Brown, 2019;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). On the one hand, dispositional mindfulness appears to be related to decreased stress, which, in turn, contributes to increasingly positive health perceptions and behaviors (Roberts et al., 2010). On the other hand, gender differences have been found with respect to the mindfulness processes that support health behaviors (Gilbert & Waltz, 2010). ...
Objectives
The subsurface ballistic missile nuclear submarine (SSBN) is an extreme professional environment in which personnel are both isolated and confined during patrols, which can last longer than 2 months. This environment is known to degrade submariners’ mood and cognition.Methods
This exploratory, empirical study followed a cohort of 24 volunteer submariners. Dispositional mindfulness was assessed with the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, in order to identify two groups (mindful and non-mindful) and compare change in emotional state, interoception, and health behaviors during the patrol.ResultsOverall, psychological health deteriorated during the patrol. However, mindful submariners demonstrated better psychological adaptation and interoception than the non-mindful group. This was associated with better subjective health behaviors (sleeping and eating).Conclusions
Dispositional mindfulness appears to protect against the negative effects of long-term containment in a professional environment, such as a submarine patrol. Our work highlights that mindfulness may help individuals to cope with stress in such situations. Developing mindfulness could also be an important preventive healthcare measure during quarantine imposed by the outbreak of a serious infectious disease.
... For example, research has found that higher mindfulness is associated with reports of better quality of life and better physical health (M.S. Christopher & Gilbert, 2010;Khoury, Sharma, Rush, & Fournier, 2015;Murphy, Mermelstein, Edwards, & Gidycz, 2012;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). A higher level of physical health is associated with better immune system functioning (e.g., Nieman & Wentz, 2019). ...
... Another explanation for why mindfulness may protect us in the crux of a stressful situation is that mindfulness may promote healthier behavior. Some studies have found that more mindful individuals are more likely to practice preventive behaviors and less likely to engage in risky ones (Gilbert & Waltz, 2010;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). During the pandemic, people who are higher in trait mindfulness may be more likely to do behaviors they think will protect them, such as taking vitamins and exercising. ...
Research suggests that mindfulness is associated with psychological health including a healthier response to stressors.
Objective:
This research tested associations between trait mindfulness and mental health factors related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
Methods:
Two studies (Study 1 N = 248 college students; Study 2 N = 300 U.S adults) assessed trait mindfulness, perceived stress and anxiety, worry about the coronavirus, and anticipated negative affect of a coronavirus diagnosis. Additionally, Study 2 assessed depressive symptoms and coping with the coronavirus.
Results:
In both studies, findings indicated that individuals higher in trait mindfulness reported less stress and anxiety. Higher mindfulness in both studies was also associated with less worry about the virus and anticipating less negative affect if one gets the virus. In Study 2, trait mindfulness was negatively related to depression, and numerous associations between mindfulness and coping emerged, showing higher trait mindfulness was associated with healthier strategies in coping with coronavirus.
Conclusions:
These data are consistent with research that has revealed that those who think and act more mindfully are less stressed and anxious. By revealing these associations with mindfulness in the context of a real-world, novel stressor, this research makes an important contribution to the literature.
... behavioural and cognitive based) appear to be safe (Buscemi et al. 2005). There have been several studies linking MBI and sleep improvement (Steptoe et al. 2008, Roberts, Danoff-Burg 2010, Howell et al. 2010, Hubbling et al. 2014, Black et al. 2015, Camino et al. 2022. One review (Winbush et al. 2007) suggests that MBI may have beneficial effects in sleep improvement and lessening cognitive process which interfere with quality sleep. ...
Research indicates that even short duration space flight may cause deficits to psychological health. Crewed members of spaceflights are also vulnerable to various neurobehavioral problems, which may reduce psychological health, work efficiency and group cohesiveness. Mindfulness meditation as a psychological countermeasure for long-term space missions has received increasing attention. Mindfulness techniques have been shown to provide various cognitive and affective benefits in clinical settings, these have yet to be employed as a feasible psychological countermeasure for space crews. Therefore, this paper will propose that the use of mindfulness-based intervention may offer a feasible adjunct countermeasure for several psychological and performance risks for astronauts during long-term space missions.
... To achieve a power of 80% and a level of significance of 5% (two-sided), a minimum sample size of 39 was determined for the study for a significant change in state anxiety, and a minimum sample size of 11 was needed for a significant change in state stress (12). State mindfulness was added as an exploratory measure as a mechanism to explain changes in state anxiety and state stress (34). To estimate the power needed for significant change in state mindfulness, the hypothesized change was approximately +8.8 ± 8.8 (mean ± SD) based on previous research (22). ...
... Numerous studies have proven that higher levels of mindfulness correlate to better physical health [151] [152] . Mindfulness has a positive effect on health behaviors [153] [154] , with individuals of higher mindfulness levels more likely to adopt healthy behaviors than those with lower levels [155] . Increasing evidence also shows that mindfulness-based interventions are highly effective in reducing harmful health behaviors [156] , promoting the implementation of healthy behaviors [157] , and improving both physical and mental health [158] [159][160] . ...
Background: Psychological health is a prominent social issue worldwide and in China. However, the cultural values of Chinese people often lead to a reluctance to pursue psychological counseling. Simultaneously, the rapid development of internet medical services in China provides a solid foundation for online psychological counseling. The purpose of this study is to explore how information exposure, trait mindfulness, public stigma, and self-stigma among Chinese youth affect their intentions of seeking online psychological counseling.
Methods: Based on the SOR (stimulus-organism-response) theory, combined with a mindful coping model, a structural equation model was constructed to analyze the path of the effects of information exposure, trait mindfulness, public stigma, and self-stigma on behavioral intention. A total of 671 valid questionnaires were collected through online random surveys. First, SPSS 26.0 was used for questionnaire reliability and validity analysis, demographic characteristic difference testing, and correlation testing between variables. Secondly, Amos 26.0 was used to construct the structural equation model, verify the model fitting, identify the relationship between latent variables, and perform path testing.
Results: The study results indicate that 1) The intention of online psychological counseling among Chinese youth has significant differences in terms of age, occupation, monthly income, and previous counseling experiences. 2) Information exposure positively affects counseling intention (β=0.434, P<0.001), Trait mindfulness positively affects counseling intention (β=0.1, P<0.05), information exposure doesn't significantly affect public stigma (β=0.015, P=0.727), information exposure negatively affects self-stigma (β=-0.079, P<0.05), mindfulness character negatively affects public stigma (β=-0.421, P<0.001), mindfulness character negatively affects self-stigma (β=-0.115, P<0.001), public stigma positively affects self-stigma (β=-0.766, P<0.001), public stigma negatively affects counseling intention (β=-0.234, P<0.01), and self-stigma negatively affects counseling intention (β=-0.248, P<0.001).
Conclusions: Combining the SOR theory with the mindful coping model, it has been found that information exposure and trait mindfulness positively affect counseling intention, information exposure doesn't affect public stigma but negatively affects self-stigma, trait mindfulness negatively affects both public and self-stigma, and both public stigma and self-stigma negatively affect counseling intention. This study provides a sample for the SOR theory and the mindful coping model, and provides new insights and path support for individuals resisting the stigma of psychological illness and seeking professional help under Eastern cultural values.
... In many studies examining the relationships between mindfulness and sleep quality in the literature, it has been revealed that there is a positive correlation between these two variables (Brisbon & Lachman, 2017;Fang et al., 2019;Gong et al., 2016;Simione et al., 2020). Roberts and Danoff-Burg (2010) stated that mindfulness improves sleep quality by reducing stress levels. Knowing that we are not aware of the situation or experience we are in at the moment and being aware that we are not paying attention to that moment also include mindfulness (Brown, Ryan and Creswell, 2007). ...
z Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, ergenlerde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile uykusuzluk arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek, ayrıca bu ilişkide bilinçli farkındalık ve akran etkisine direnmenin yordayıcı rolünün olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu araştırma, bir ilişkisel tarama modeli olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemi, 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Konya ili'nin farklı liselerinde öğrenim gören 370 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, ergenlerin akıllı telefon bağımlılıklarının uykusuzluğu pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde, akran etkisine direnmenin ise akıllı telefon bağımlılığını negatif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Son olarak bilinçli farkındalığın akran etkisine direnmeyi pozitif, akıllı telefon bağımlılığını ve uykusuzluğu ise negatif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde, ergenlerin bilinçli farkındalığı arttıkça akran etkisine daha fazla direnebildikleri ve böylece akran etkisine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilecek
... Although this was uniform across the two conditions and our findings demonstrated that RS had a greater impact than PS, it is possible that the effects of RS were enhanced by the mindfulness exercise. Research suggests that mindfulness interventions can promote significant improvements in selected health-related behaviors (Salmoirago-Blotcher et al., 2013), perhaps by decreasing stress and improving awareness (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). In future testing, it might be wise to examine the effects of RS without mindfulness preparation as compared to RS with mindfulness preparation to determine whether mindfulness increases one's ability to engage in RS. ...
Understanding factors that are related to engagement in health behaviors during a health emergency is critical. Positive psychology interventions have been shown to increase positive emotion toward others and the self; enhancing feelings of self-worth might, in turn, increase adherence to health behaviors. This may be particularly important for parents of young children who are reported as having significant levels of stress and anxiety during the pandemic. Herein, we investigated the long-term effects of a personal savoring control versus a relational savoring intervention on mothers’ adherence to health recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers (N = 61) who participated in the intervention and had agreed to continue to be contacted for further participation reported their adherence to COVID-19-related health recommendations through an online survey after the onset of the pandemic. We also assessed basic demographics, perceived threat of the pandemic, and general anxiety. As expected, independent of a host of demographic variables, perceived threat, and anxiety, mothers who had participated in the relational savoring intervention also demonstrated higher levels of adherence to COVID-19-related health recommendations. Even years after the initial intervention, relational savoring practices seem to enhance the use of appropriate health behaviors during the pandemic. There are various explanations for this, and further investigation is needed to pinpoint how relational savoring affects mechanisms that underlie positive engagement with health recommendations.
... As an individual positive psychological capital, it can enable patients to take a positive response to the disease, cooperate with the treatment more actively, promote the health of patients, so as to maintain a good mental state and mediate the demoralization syndrome on QOL. [29] As a psychological safety net and buffer zone for patients, patients with a good level of mindfulness have strong psycho-social adaptability and are more likely to adopt a peaceful attitude and behavioral measures to traumatic stress events, that is, non-judgmental attitude to deal with the disease, so as to reduce the negative psychological feelings of patients and improve the status of patients with demoralization syndrome. [30] At the same time, part of the mediating effect of mindfulness also suggests that a high level of mindfulness can still promote positive emotions and improve the QOL of patients even if the level of demoralization syndrome is high. ...
Demoralization syndrome is prevalence among cancer patients in China. However, little research has examined how demoralization syndrome is associated with quality of life (QOL). The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between mindfulness state, demoralization syndrome and QOL of thyroid cancer patients, and explore the mediating effect of mindfulness on demoralization syndrome and QOL. A correlational cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted from July to October 2022 among 310 thyroid cancer patients. General information questionnaire, the Demoralization Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, short form health survey questionnaire were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses were used to analyze the data. A total of 310 valid questionnaires were finally recovered. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire score of 310 patients was (120.80 ± 16.57), Demoralization Scale score was (12.49 ± 4.73), short form health survey questionnaire score was (146.15 ± 28.46). Mindfulness played a partial mediating role between demoralization syndrome and QOL of thyroid cancer patients, and the mediating effect accounted for 68.57% of the total effect. Demoralization syndrome can influence QOL through mindfulness state. Measures are needed to increase the QOL of thyroid cancer patients by developing mindfulness programs to decrease their demoralization syndrome.
... In addition, mindfulness has been found to significantly reduce uncontrolled and emotional eating [27], as well as body mass index (BMI) [28,29]. Interestingly, mindfulness has also demonstrated positive effect on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, decreasing fat and sugar consumption [30], and reducing motivations to eat palatable foods [31]; it has been linked to self-efficacy with regard to healthy eating [32][33][34][35]. ...
Background: There has been a drastic increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related diseases in the Arabic-speaking countries during the last decades along with a lack of public awareness about this awareness about this public health problem. This calls for the development of novel prevention and intervention strategies that are based on new approaches, including mindful eating. In this context, we aimed through this study to explore the factor structure, composite reliability, measurement invariance across sex, convergent and divergent validity of an Arabic translation of the Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale (MEBS).
Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out between September and November 2022, and enrolled 359 participants, all aged above 18 years old and recruited from all Lebanon governorates. The questionnaire used included socio-demographic questions, and the following scales: The Mindful Eating Behavior Scale (MEBS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Intuitive Eating Scale-2, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-8).
Results: McDonald’s ω values ranged from .82 to .95 or the four mindful eating domains, indicating the excellent internal consistency reliability of the scale. Our study also showed that fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original four-factor structure model of the MEBS. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across sex. Our results found no sex difference in all MEBS subscales scores. Finally, we found positive correlations between Focused eating, Hunger and satiety cues on one hand, and intuitive eating on the other hand. Moreover, greater Hunger and satiety cues scores were correlated with higher self-esteem and lower body mass index.
Conclusion: Our findings support the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic MEBS. We suggest, accordingly, that the scale will be of high clinical and research utility, and will help in the development of information-based interventions focused on mindful eating that are aimed to combat eating disorders and obesity in the Arab world.
... On the one hand, the above results indicate that higher mindfulness is more connected with good sleep quality than with self-reported physical health status among Chinese middle-older adults. On the other hand, trait mindfulness could be associated with better subjective sleep quality because people with higher trait mindfulness levels show lower negative self-assessment and unawareness, which is consistent with previous studies [60,61]. Meanwhile, self-reported physical health status is a comprehensive index that is influenced by other factors apart from trait mindfulness. ...
Few studies have focused on the specific effects of trait mindfulness on physical health status, especially from a resilient aging perspective. This study examined the mediating role of mental health in the association between trait mindfulness and physical health status among middle-older adults in urban China. The participants included 188 individuals who were recruited from a community senior university and five community senior care centers. The findings reveal: (1) trait mindfulness has a strong effect on two physical health indicators (self-rated physical health and subjective sleep quality); (2) mental health is a significant mediator in the relationship between trait mindfulness and physical health status; and (3) the mediation role of mental health is more evident in the self-rated physical health model (24.15%) than subjective sleep quality (18.10%). This study improves our knowledge of how trait mindfulness can lead to a better physical health in middle-older adults and could lead to the development of social value communication and effective prevention.
... Illness perceptions refer to the attitudes, beliefs, and expectations of patients about symptoms or illnesses (Dalili and Bayazi, 2019), which are related to health information behavior practices and coping strategies (Katavic et al., 2016). Several studies have established that mindfulness-based interventions were associated with increased positive health perceptions and health behaviors (Roberts and Danoff-Burg, 2010), which provide theoretical support for our findings. ...
Purpose
The aims of the study were first to investigate the association between illness perception and psychological distress and second to determine whether mindfulness affects psychological distress via illness perception and perceived stress in patients with lung cancer.
Methods
Among 300 patients with lung cancer who participated in this cross-sectional study, 295 patients made valid responses to distress thermometer (DT), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) between January and July 2021. The possible pathways of mindfulness affecting psychological distress were analyzed based on the structural equation modeling analysis.
Results
A total of 24.4% patients with lung cancer had DT > 4. Illness perception (β = 0.17, p = 0.002) and perceived stress (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) had a direct effect on psychological distress. Mindfulness had a direct effect on illness perception (β = −0.16, p = 0.006) and mindfulness indirectly influenced psychological distress (β = −0.04, p = 0.009) through affecting illness perception alone or simultaneously affecting both the illness perception and perceived stress in patients with lung cancer.
Conclusion
Lung cancer suffered from varying levels of psychological distress. Mindfulness may alleviate psychological distress by reducing the level of illness perception and perceived stress. We suggest developing a comprehensive factor model to clarify potential mechanisms of mindfulness on psychological distress due to the very low effect of mindfulness on psychological distress via illness perception and perceived stress.
... In addition, mindfulness interacted with other lifestyle factors for a synergistic effect. Mindfulness was found to be related to better eating behaviors, higher physical activity levels, and improved sleep quality, which was partially mediated by stress levels (Ma & Danoff-Burg, 2010). ...
Law enforcers are stressed, but they may be reluctant to seek psychological support due to the stigmatization of mental illness in the law enforcement culture. Given the relatively stigma‐free lifestyle medicine intervention, a two‐arm pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Hong Kong police force to examine the efficacy of integrated lifestyle medicine practices in enhancing the mental health of law enforcers. A total of 18 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group attended a 6‐week lifestyle medicine program consisting of five lifestyle factors. On analyzing the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire using a paired sample t‐test, a statistically significant intervention effect was found. This implies that participants had significantly better general psychological well‐being after the intervention in this pilot study. In conclusion, the present findings provide preliminary support to promote the relatively stigma‐free lifestyle medicine interventions in law enforcement. Nevertheless, further research effort with a larger sample size is warranted to provide empirical support for the efficacy of integrated lifestyle medicine programme.
... Le nombre de cigarettes fumées par jour et le nombre de partenaires sexuels sont corrélés négativement seulement avec le niveau d'attention, une sous-échelle du FFMQ. Ces effets semblent partiellement médiatisés par le niveau de stress(Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2017). Un lien entre un haut niveau de pleine conscience-trait et plus de comportements écologiques a également été montré(Geiger et al., 2018).Ulmer et al. (2010), quant à eux, ont montré que ceux qui s'absentent le moins à leurs séances de sport et font donc le plus d'exercice, sont ceux qui montrent des niveaux élevés de pleine conscience en tant que trait et qu'état (mesuré via questionnaires). ...
La littérature sur la pleine conscience, ou mindfulness, est maintenant foisonnante et indique un certain nombre d’effets bénéfiques de cette pratique sur la santé mentale et le bien-être. La régulation des émotions a été identifiée comme une capacité centrale qui se développe grâce à la pratique de la pleine conscience, celle-ci permettant d’expliquer l’augmentation des émotions positives et une diminution des émotions négatives. De plus, on observe une diminution de l’intensité des réactions et de l’interférence créées par les stimuli positifs et négatifs, une évaluation plus neutre de ceux-ci et une augmentation de la stabilité émotionnelle. Il a été démontré, entre autres via des mesures neurologiques, que la mindfulness entrainait un type de régulation des émotions qui lui était spécifique, où la relation entre l’individu et ses émotions est modifiée profondément et précocement. L’équanimité a alors été proposée comme une explication possible à la spécificité de la régulation des émotions par la pleine conscience. La littérature sur ce thème est pourtant restée très peu abondante, et les études expérimentales existantes n’ont pas testé empiriquement cette hypothèse. L’équanimité, en tant qu’état mental stable, calme et non perturbé par la valence des stimuli, semble pourtant une composante essentielle du vécu émotionnel lié à la mindfulness. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’aborder l’équanimité comme une qualité de régulation des émotions, d’en examiner la présence dans la littérature existante et d’offrir les premières bases à son étude en psychologie expérimentale. Une première partie est consacrée à constituer une définition opérationnalisable de l’équanimité et à valider un questionnaire destiné à mesurer son niveau chez les individus méditants et non méditants. Nous examinons ensuite la relation entre la pratique de la méditation et le niveau d’équanimité. Puis, nous avons utilisé une tâche d’approche et d’évitement afin d’étudier la relation entre l’équanimité et les tendances motivationnelles envers des stimuli positifs et négatifs. Enfin, dans l’optique d’explorer les liens entre l’équanimité et la régulation des comportements de santé, nous nous intéressons à son impact sur l’évaluation de plusieurs types d’aliments. Les résultats de nos études montrent que l’équanimité augmente avec la pratique de la méditation de pleine conscience et qu’elle est reliée à une diminution des biais d’approche et d’évitement face à des mots positifs et négatifs. L’équanimité, en outre, s’accompagne d’une plus grande neutralité dans l’évaluation hédonique des mots et d’évaluations plus saines des aliments. Cette thèse dresse un portrait de l’équanimité qui, nous l’espérons, ouvrira la voie à de nombreuses études théoriques et appliquées sur cette thématique.
... The benefits of this practice have been well documented (Congleton et al., 2015). Practicing mindfulness entails being in the present moment, calming the busy mind, and relaxing a tense body as a means to promote a healthier and happier life (Brown & Gerbarg, 2009;Campos et al., 2016;Epel et al., 2009;Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). In the past two decades, mindfulness has been making its way into academic programs to facilitate stress management and to incite well-being among students, especially those enrolled in health science programs. ...
... For the FFMQ, higher acting with awareness was associated with lower affective symptoms more generally in a large meta-analysis (Carpenter et al., 2019). In the few studies which have examined the FFMQ subscales (i.e., facets) and smoking, acting with awareness was associated with lower smoking behavior (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010), although only nonjudgment has been found to predict long-term smoking cessation (Spears et al., 2015). Together, these data suggest a potential role for awareness in impacting smoking behavior, possibly by modifying negative and positive affective states and craving. ...
Objective:
Mindfulness has received attention in smoking cessation research, yet the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote smoking cessation are not well understood. Mindfulness training may help individuals increase awareness and respond skillfully to processes that contribute to smoking, such as affective states and craving. This study used experience sampling (ES) to test how awareness was related to craving, positive and negative affect and smoking, in the moment, among smokers in treatment for smoking cessation.
Method:
Participants (N = 228) were part of a clinical trial evaluating Craving to Quit, a smartphone app for mindfulness training for smoking cessation, compared to an app delivering only ES. All participants were asked to complete 22 days of ES, with up to 6 ES surveys per day, measuring awareness, craving, positive and negative affect and smoking. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear modeling.
Results:
Both at the within and between-person level, higher awareness was associated with higher positive affect, lower craving and lower negative affect. Lower within-person craving was associated with lower smoking. Within-person awareness, positive and negative affect were not significantly associated with smoking. At the between-person level, higher awareness and higher positive affect, and lower negative affect and lower craving were associated with lower smoking.
Conclusions:
Awareness of current experience was related to key psychological variables linked to behavior change in smoking cessation, namely positive and negative affect and craving, among smokers trying to quit. Future studies should test whether learning to increase awareness, such as through mindfulness training, may benefit smokers in treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
... During the last decade, the world-wide prevalence of mental disorders has shown an increasing trend [1][2][3] . This trend has been more rising in developing/less developed regions, where socio-economic and cultural restrictions may cause more limitations in the life of their citizens [4][5][6] . ...
Background: as medical sciences students are going to be health care staff, and health care staff health affects the wellbeing of patients, monitoring of all aspects of their health including mental and social health are vital. In this study, we report the mental and social health status and the relation between them in medical sciences students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which is done on 607 first semester medical sciences students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from September first to November first, 2017. Data collection was web-based. Twenty-eight item generalized health questionnaire and the 20-item Keyes questionnaire were used to investigate mental and social health, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate any independent association between mental and social health status and predictor factors. Results: Of all students, 338(55.7%) were male. Mean age of the participants was 20.51±2.02 years. Of all participants,144(23.7%) had abnormal mental health, and 499(82.2%) had intermediate social health. According to the multivariable analyses Keyes score was independently associated with the mental health status (Adjusted OR: 0.794; 95% CI: 0.761-0.828), lower GHQ score (Adjusted OR: 0.862; 95% CI: 0.826-0.898) and lower family dimension (Adjusted OR: 0.295; 95% CI: 0.110-0.794) were independently associated with social health status. Conclusion: a very low proportion of students in this study had severe mental disorder and low level of social health status. Social health status of the students was independently associated with their mental health status and vice versa.
... Small group Mind Body Medicine training seems to be a promising approach in addressing the needs of medical students and fostering sustainable coping strategies [70]. Meditation-and mindfulness-based interventions have also been shown to reduce stress and improve mood [71,72]. An elective course for the learning of relaxation techniques (autogenous training, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)) was effective in significantly reducing cognitive and emotional burnout as well as trait anxiety [73]. ...
Background
Medical education has a reputation for being demanding and stressful. However, longitudinal surveys across the whole course of study considering risks and resources are rare.
Methods
For the evaluation of stress and coping we administered the standard instruments Perceived Medical School Stress Scale (PMSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and a short form of the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale (Brief COPE) in three consecutive cohorts of medical students ( N = 377) at one German university. Students were surveyed at the beginning of their studies (t0) and again during each consecutive summer semester (t1-t6).
Results
Stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression increased in the first two years of medical studies but decreased again towards their end. Consistently, freshmen medical students presented with a large proportion of the healthy pattern at t0 (56 %) that decreased to 30 % at t2, and increased up to 44 % at t6. Correspondingly, the proportion with the burnout-related risk pattern B increased from 9 to 16 % at t2, again decreasing to 7 % at t6. Over the whole course of study there was an almost continuous increase of the unambitious pattern S from t0 13 to 40 % at t6. Characteristic differences especially between the healthy pattern and the risk patterns regarding stress, mental health symptoms and coping were observed. Female students showed a higher vulnerability for stress, anxiety and depression as well as lower proportions with a healthy pattern, and higher proportions with risk patterns for overexertion and burnout.
Conclusions
The development of stress, symptoms and behavior and experience patterns especially in the first two years, demonstrating increasing study-related stress in the preclinical years, as well as the high proportion with an unambitious pattern at the end of the course of study emphasize the need for prevention and health promotion at both the individual and contextual levels.
... Most measures of mindfulness focus on one's predisposition to being mindful in daily life rather than the particular mindful state at the time of measurement. Studies found that dispositional mindfulness has positive relationships with working memory and sustained attention (Ruocco & Wonders, 2013) and negative relationships with perceived stress and stress-related symptoms (Roberts & Danoff-Burg, 2010). Mindfulness has also been found to be positively related to psychological well-being (Brown et al., 2007) and inversely associated with a wide range of problematic psychological outcomes, including anxiety and depression (Roemer et al., 2009) and general distress in life (Masuda & Tully, 2012). ...
While dispositional mindfulness is a popular construct in the field of positive psychology, its nomological network in the context of health and well-being is not well established. Our study addresses this limitation by examining the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and various health-related psychological constructs, including personality, social well-being, and affective states. Data for this study were gathered from the national longitudinal studies of health and well-being called Midlife in the United States (MIDUS-II and MIDUS-III). The nomological network analysis of dispositional mindfulness showed positive associations with both religiosity and overall well-being measures (e.g., Social Well-Being, Sympathy, Optimism, and Generativity) and negative associations with maladaptive tendencies (e.g., Pessimism, Aggression, Neuroticism, and Personal Constraints). Finally, test-retest validity was positively verified by significant correlations among the variables, spanning over ten years. Articulating a nomological network of dispositional mindfulness has important implications for future research and practice.
... 18,20,21 Several psychological interventions utilize the principles of mindfulness and involve formal training to develop mindfulness skills, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Increases in mindfulness through these MBIs are associated with reductions in stress and mood disturbances, 18 as well as reductions in rumination 22,23 and negative automatic thoughts, 23 suggesting that MBIs may improve the psychological [24][25][26][27] and physical wellbeing [28][29][30][31] of university students. The Koru mindfulness training program for students is effective for reducing stress, alleviating sleep problems and improving self-compassion. ...
Objectives: To investigate associations between components of psychological distress and five facets of mindfulness (i.e. observing; describing; acting with awareness; non-reactivity; non-judging).
Participants: Students from a university in South Africa (n=174).
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed psychological distress and mindfulness using the K10 and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Multivariate regression analysis identified associations between psychological distress and facets of mindfulness, controlling for demographics.
Results: Prevalence of psychological distress was 56.9% (95% CI 49.2%-64.4%). Acting with awareness, non-reactivity, and non-judging predicted significantly lower psychological distress, whereas observing and describing did not. Acting with awareness was the only facet of mindfulness that consistently predicted lower levels of negative affect, fatigue, nervousness, and agitation.
Conclusions: Acting with awareness appears to be a key component of psychological wellbeing. To advance theory and practice, future research should consider why and how various facets of mindfulness predict lower psychological distress and its components among university students.
... The authors chose mindfulness as the foundation of this program given the scientific evidence that stress and anxiety can be significantly reduced through the practice of mindfulness. [39][40][41][42][43][44] Practicing being in the present moment facilitates stress reduction and can help individuals cope with challenges in a calmer way. The benefits of practicing mindfulness can be noted immediately as well as across the long term. ...
The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a remote mindfulness program designed to serve as a mental health resource for MS‑SLP students coping with the initial restrictions related to COVID‑19. A cursory review of the literature outlining the negative social, emotional, and psychological impact COVID‑19 has had on graduate students is presented. The benefits of mindfulness practice are well‑documented, therefore, making it an appropriate mental health resource for minimizing the loneliness, stress, anxiety, and uncertainty experienced by students. Elements of a remote mindfulness program implemented within days of the stay‑at‑home order are described including the theoretical framework, session content, as well as strategies, techniques, and resources for independent practice.
... 29 Gilbert ve Waltz yaptıkları çalışmada yeme farkındalığının meyve ve sebze tüketimini artırdığını ifade ederken, bir başka çalışma ise yeme farkındalığının artmasıyla beraber tıkınırcasına yeme davranışında azalma olduğunu rapor etmiştir. 31,32 Levin ve arkadaşları ise yeme farkındalığının, tıkınırcasına yeme ve duygusal yeme bozukluğunda ortaya çıkan ve obeziteye yol açan yeme davranışlarıyla negatif ilişkili olduğunu tespit etmiştir. 33 Diğer yandan yeme farkındalığının porsiyon kontrolü üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. ...
Günümüzde gelişen teknolojiyle beraber besinler raflarda sağlık için zararlı ve yararlı özellikleri içlerinde barındırarak çok farklı şekillerde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bunun sonucunda bireylerin bu aşırı besin çeşitliliği içinde doğru ve ihtiyaç duyduğu besini seçmesi karmaşık ve zor bir hal almıştır. Ayrıca hızlı yaşam tarzının etkin olmasıyla beraber yemek yeme alışkanlıkları da geçmişten farklı olarak değişim göstermeye başlamıştır. Buna bağlı olarak da hızlı yaşam tarzı nedeniyle değişen beslenme alışkanlıkları (hazır yemek yeme, hızlı yemek yeme, farkındalıksız yemek yeme vs.) yaşamın devamı için en temel gereksinimlerden biri olan sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının bozulmasına ve sağlıksız beslenmenin yaygınlaşmasına yol açmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu iki durum sağlıksız beslenmeden kaynaklı kronik hastalıkları ve sağlık harcamalarını artırmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede artan besin çeşitliliği ve hızlı yaşam temposu içinde ideal sağlık durumunu yeterli ve dengeli bir beslenme şekliyle sağlamak adına besin okuryazarlığı, yeme farkındalığı kavramlarının tanımlarının, önemlerinin ve bu kavramların beslenmeyle olan ilişkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
z Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde egzersiz düzeyi, bilinçli farkındalık ve ruh sağlığı ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu 18-29 yaş aralığında (M= 21.07, SS= 1.43), 122'si kadın, 412'si erkek toplamda 534 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. erilerin normalliği için Q-Q Plot grafiği, histogramlar ve çarpıklık-basıklık değerleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine egzersiz düzeyi, bilinçli farkındalık ve ruh sağlığı sürekliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucuna göre, egzersiz yapılan gün sayısı ile bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı sürekliliği, sosyal iyi oluş ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte egzersizin süresi ile bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı sürekliliği ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak egzersiz yapılan gün sayısı arttıkça bilinçli farkındalığın yükseldiği, psikolojik ve sosyal iyi oluşun arttığı görülmüştür. Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between exercise level, mindfulness, and the mental health continuum in university students. The research group consisted of a total of 534 university students (122 female, 412 male) aged between 18 and 29 years (M = 21.07, SD = 1.43). Data were collected using the Background Questionnaire, the Mindful Awareness Attention Scale and the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. SPSS 24.00 was used for data analysis. The normality of the data was assessed using Q-Q plots, histograms, and measures of skewness and kurtosis. After confirming normal distribution of the data, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between exercise level, mindfulness, and the mental health continuum. There was a significant relationship between the number of days of exercise and mindfulness, the mental health continuum, social well-being, and psychological well-being. However, there was no significant relationship between the duration of exercise and mindfulness, the mental health continuum and its sub-dimensions. As the number of days of exercise increased, mindfulness improved, and psychological and social well-being were enhanced.
Bu araştırmada, bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş ilişkisini ortaya koymanın yanı sıra spora katılımın bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya RTEÜ ve Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 830 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel yöntemlerde sıklıkla tercih edilen betimsel-ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan veriler “Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği” ve “Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği”nden elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca spor ile ilgili değişkenleri de içeren demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre lisanslı olarak spor yapan öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeylerinin lisanslı olarak spor yapmayanlardan anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yine spor bilimleri fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeylerinin diğer fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilere kıyasla anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusuna göre üniversite öğrencilerinin bilinçli farkındalık ile mental iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiş, bilinçli farkındalığın mental iyi oluşunu etkilediği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalığın mental iyi oluşun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu ve spor ile ilişkin değişkenlerin öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeyleri üzerinde farklılık yarattığı görülmüştür.
Bu araştırmada, bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş ilişkisini ortaya koymanın yanı sıra spora katılımın bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya RTEÜ ve Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 830 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel yöntemlerde sıklıkla tercih edilen betimsel-ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan veriler “Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği”, ve “Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği”nden elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca spor ile ilgili değişkenleri de içeren demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, lisanslı olarak spor yapan öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeylerinin lisanslı olarak spor yapmayanlardan anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yine, spor bilimleri fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeylerinin diğer fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilere kıyasla anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusuna göre, üniversite öğrencilerinin bilinçli farkındalık ile mental iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiş, bilinçli farkındalığın mental iyi oluşunu etkilediği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, üniversite öğrencilerinde, bilinçli farkındalığın mental iyi oluşun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu ve spor ile ilişkin değişkenlerin öğrencilerin bilinçli farkındalık ve mental iyi oluş düzeyleri üzerinde farklılık yarattığı görülmüştür.
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive counseling program based on mindfulness in the development of mindfulness, reduce the difficulties of emotional regulation, and improve the body image of the university students Blind, The sample of the study consisted of (11) students: Experimental group (6) Students, and control group (5) Students from the blind enrolled in King Khalid University in Saudi Arabia, Their average age (21, 18),The study used the comprehensive measure of Mindfulness (Arabization of the researcher), the measure of difficulties of emotional regulation (Arabization of the researcher), the body image scale (researcher preparation), the training program (preparation of the researcher); The results indicated the effectiveness of the training program in development of mindfulness among Blind Student (sample study), which has the effect of improving both the emotional regulation and the body image.
Son yıllarda özellikle beslenmeye bağlı bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklarda sezgisel yeme veya
yeme farkındalığı gibi davranışsal boyut taşıyan diğer etkenlerin de ortaya koyulması büyük önem
taşımaktadır. Araştırmada, İstanbul’da yaşayan 580 yetişkinin diyet kalitesi, sezgisel yeme ve yeme
farkındalığı ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri ilişkisel tarama modeli şeklinde
yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ve anket aracılığıyla toplanmış olup, ankette katılımcıların sosyo-
demografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıklarıyla ilgili sorular, 24 saatlik besin tüketim kayıt formu,
Sezgisel Yeme Ölçeği (SYÖ) ve Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği (YFÖ) kullanılmıştır. Diyet kalitesini
değerlendirmek için Diyet Kalite İndeksi-Uluslararası (DKİ-U) kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların %65,2’si
kadın ve %34,8’i erkektir. Cinsiyete göre ara öğün sayısı ve atlanılan ana öğün durumları arasında ilişki
saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Cinsiyet ve beslenme bilgilerinin öğrenildiği kitle iletişim araçları arasında fark
yoktur (p>0,05). Cinsiyetle haftalık fast food yiyecek tüketim durumu (p<0,05) ve BKİ ile yeme
bağımlılığı yapan/karşı koymakta zorlanılan yiyecek ve içecekler arasında ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Diyet kalitesi katılımcıların %96,7’inde zayıf, DKİ-U puan ortalaması kadınlarda 42,91±9,27;
erkeklerde 44,21±9,41 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam SYÖ puan ortalaması 3,43±0,55 olarak
saptanmıştır. Erkeklerin %62,2’sinin ve kadınların %51,3’ünün sezgisel yeme davranışının olduğu
görülmüştür. Katılımcıların BKİ ve SYÖ puan ortalamaları arasında fark vardır (p<0,05). Cinsiyete göre
SYÖ alt boyutlarından duygusal sebeplerden ziyade fiziksel olarak yeme alt boyutu kadınlara göre
erkeklerde daha yüksektir (p<0,05). BKİ’ye göre SYÖ alt boyutu koşulsuz yeme izni puan ortalaması
zayıf katılımcılarda daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Duygusal sebeplerden çok fiziksel olarak yeme ve açlık
ve tokluk işaretlerine güven alt boyutları puan ortalaması ile BKİ arasındaki ilişki anlamlıdır (p<0,05).
YFÖ puan ortalaması kadınlarda (3,28±0,47) ve erkeklerde (3,25±0,46) benzerdir (p>0,05). Kadınlarda
YFÖ alt boyutlarından yeme kontrolü, farkındalık ve bilinçli beslenme puan ortalaması, erkeklerde
duygusal yeme puan ortalaması yüksektir (p<0,05). BKİ’ye göre YFÖ puan ortalaması anlamlı
bulunmuştur (p<0,05). YFÖ alt boyutlarından disinhibisyon, yeme kontrolü ve yeme disiplini puan
ortalaması ile BKİ anlamlıdır (p<0,05). SYÖ ve YFÖ puanı arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı orta düzeyde
bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r=-0,430, p<0.001). Sezgisel yeme ve yeme farkındalığı arttıkça diyet kalitesinin
de arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır (r=0,092, r=0,101; p<0.001). Yeme davranışları ile ilişkili yeme
farkındalığı ve sezgisel yeme gibi davranış boyutlu çalışmaların ortaya koyulması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyet Kalitesi; Sezgisel Yeme; Yeme Farkındalığı
Parole Chiave: promozione della salute, mindfulness, scuola dell'infanzia, stretching in classe, yoga RIASSUNTO Il progetto "Stretching in classe "come stare bene a scuola"" nasce da un'esperienza della UF Promozione della Salute della AUSL TC Ambito territoriale Pistoia ed entra nel 2010 nella sperimentazione regionale all'interno del programma nazionale "Guadagnare Salute" del Ministero della Salute. Fin dai primi anni ha integrato conoscenze di educazione alla corporeità con occasioni di consapevolezza e ascolto del sé corporeo, emotivo e cognitivo per contrastare gli effetti della sedentarietà in ambito scolastico, ridurre i problemi dovuti ad una prolungata postura, spesso scorretta, nei banchi scolastici e veicolare messaggi a favore del movimento. Le tecniche di stretching sono inizialmente apprese dagli insegnanti attraverso una metodologia pratica e inserite all'interno di un progetto educativo più ampio realizzato dagli stessi insegnanti nelle classi con metodologie attive legate alle life skills. Nel tempo il progetto si è ulteriormente arricchito con procedure e metodologie di mindfulness e un ap-proccio al bambino che tenga conto di una visione olistica per una maggiore armonizzazione fra mente, processi emotivi e corpo. Attualmente il progetto è realizzato nei tre ordini di scuola: infanzia, primaria e secondaria di primo grado. Il presente contributo descrive in particolare l'esperienza realizzata nella scuola dell'infanzia con il progetto Stretching che favola!
There is an urgent need to promote mental health strategies in university students, and mindfulness-based interventions provide alternative and complementary approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a mindfulness-based program (Mind7 +) on Portuguese students from the Polytechnic University of Santarem, focusing on stress levels, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. The intervention consisted of a 8 week mindfulness-based program, with six presential sessions and two online sessions. The participants completed self-filled validated questionnaires before and after intervention. The study revealed that Mind7 + program not only positively influenced stress levels, anxiety, and sleep quality among university students but also had a positive impact on their social interactions. A correlation between sleep quality and frequency of individual practices was observed. The observed medium effect size underscores the practical relevance of Mind7 + program and the potential of mindfulness-based interventions in higher education to enhance both individual well-being and social connections. Next steps will be to adapt the mindfulness-based program for a mobile device and test with a wider intervention group, as well as an active control group.
Mindfulness occurs in different populations, regardless of their religions, ages, and cultures, but the studies on Muslim backgrounds are insufficient. This study aims to empirically investigate mindfulness's benefits on academic outcomes among Yemeni students. A total of 160 Yemeni students were recruited to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-SS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and divided into two groups (experimental group = 80, control group = 80). The experimental group received mindfulness training, while the control group did not receive any training. After the experiment, both groups completed the questionnaires again. The results revealed that the experimental group's emotional exhaustion, cynicism, lack of academic efficacy, and perceived stress were decreased compared to the control group. We concluded that mindfulness meditation training decreased academic burnout and stress among Yemeni students. We suggest mindfulness meditation training could be a good program for decreasing academic problems among Muslim students.
Mindfulness is the psychological state of staying attuned to the present moment, without ruminating on past or future events, and allowing thoughts, feelings, or sensations to arise without judgment or attachment. Previous work has shown that heightened dispositional mindfulness is associated with the awareness of the importance of exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise motivation, and self-reported exercise level. However, more methodologically rigorous studies are needed to understand the relationship between mindfulness and the psychological mechanisms related to exercise motivation, including the identification of why individuals are motivated to engage in exercise, the subjective experience of exercise, and the propensity for exercise dependence and addiction. In this cross-sectional investigation, we utilized the framework of the Self-Determination Theory to examine the hypothesis that heightened dispositional mindfulness (as measured by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) would be associated with increased levels of exercise motivation that were derived by higher levels of autonomous self-regulation. Individuals were recruited from urban areas who self-reported either low (exercising 2 or fewer times per week for 20 min or less; n = 78) or moderate (exercising 1 or 2 times per week for 20 min or more; n = 127) levels of exercise engagement. As hypothesized, heightened dispositional mindfulness was significantly associated with heightened levels of exercise self-determination as measured by the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire, with this effect being driven by negative associations with amotivation, external regulation, and introjected regulation. Additionally, we found that heightened dispositional mindfulness was associated with lower levels of psychological distress upon exercise and decreased exercise dependence/addiction. Overall, increased dispositional mindfulness may support a healthy relationship with exercise. These findings have implications for the utility of mindfulness interventions to support the regulation of exercise behaviors in service of enhancing exercise motivation and engagement.
Objective: This study explored the differences in perceptions of stress levels and quality of life amongst college students enrolled in mindfulness meditation classes and those enrolled in an introductory holistic health class. Participants: 236 undergraduate students at a mid-sized university completed coursework and surveys. Methods: One-credit mindfulness meditation classes and an introductory holistic health class, serving as the control group, were offered over the course of one semester. Pre- and posttest questionnaires on stress and quality of life were administered to the participants. Results: Students enrolled in mindfulness meditation classes began with higher stress levels and lower perceptions of their quality of life compared to the control group. The mindfulness meditation class participants ended with both significantly lower stress levels and higher quality of life scores then the control group. Conclusions: Offering mindfulness meditation classes for credit may help promote positive mental health and well-being for students on a college campus.
Objective
The present study aims to examine the association between mindfulness and COVID-19 vaccination intention, and the mediating role of presence of meaning in life and moral elevation in such association.
Method
In a cross-sectional study design, a total of 1733 health care workers (81.1% females, Mage = 34.16 ± 9.03) from four cities in China were recruited and completed an online survey that measured mindfulness, moral elevation, presence of meaning in life and COVID-19 vaccination intention.
Results
It has been found that 73.1% of the participants reported an intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Mindfulness was positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention; Mediation analyses using structural equation modeling showed a significant indirect effect of mindfulness on COVID-19 vaccination intention, accounting for 42.4% of the total effect. Mindfulness was positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention directly via presence of meaning in life, and indirectly via moral elevation and presence of meaning in life.
Conclusions
The findings add knowledge of how mindfulness may increase COVID-19 vaccination intention, and underscore the potential need for mindfulness training, positive emotion promotion, presence of meaning in life interventions to improve acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced leaders to reconsider the various factors that attribute to work-life balance, a healthy work environment, and resilience among nurses. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) provides a lens through which clinicians and leaders can measure, articulate, and espouse resilient recovery through unprecedented times. This article suggests the use of PTG as a framework, measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory to guide leaders as they implement job-specific resiliency interventions for professional nurses. This article also suggests 3 science-based interventions intended to increase PTG. Published data support the efficacy of these interventions: resilience retreats, resilience rounds, and "The Pause," while longitudinal impacts of PTG following these interventions remain currently unknown.
الملخص:
هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين التعاطف مع الذات وأسلوب الحياة الصحي لدى طلاب الجامعة، والكشف عن الفروق بين الجنسين في التعاطف مع الذات، وأسلوب الحياة الصحي، والتعرف على إمكانية التنبؤ بأسلوب الحياة الصحي من خلال أبعاد التعاطف مع الذات. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (207) طالب وطالبة من طلاب الجامعة، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من طلاب الفرقة الرابعة بكلية التربية بسوهاج. واشتملت العينة على (89 من الذكور، 118 من الإناث)، بمتوسط عمري قدره (12,21) سنة، وانحراف معياري قدره (89,1). وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة، تم استخدام مقياسين، أحدهما للتعاطف مع الذات، والآخر لأسلوب الحياة الصحي. وقد أسفرت الدراسة عن وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا بين الذكور والإناث لصالح الذكور في التعاطف مع الذات، ولصالح الإناث في أسلوب الحياة الصحي، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى (01.,) بين التعاطف مع الذات وأبعاد أسلوب الحياة الصحي ودرجته الكلية. وأن أبعاد التعاطف مع الذات تعد منبئًا جيدًا بالدرجة الكلية لأسلوب الحياة الصحي، وأبعاده الفرعية مع اختلاف نسب إسهام كل بعد منها، وجاء بعد اليقظة العقلية كأقوى أبعاد التعاطف مع الذات، حيث تنبأ بجميع أبعاد أسلوب الحياة الصحي والدرجة الكلية له، وتم تفسير النتائج في ضوء الإطار النظري للدراسة ودراساتها السابقة.
* الكلمات المفتاحية: التعاطف مع الذات-أسلوب الحياة الصحي-طلاب الجامعة.
===============================================
Self-compassion as predictors of Healthy lifestyle among a sample of university students.
Abstract:
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between self-compassion and healthy lifestyle and to determine gender differences in self-compassion and healthy lifestyle. Participants were 207 undergraduate students (57% female, 43% male, M = 20.12 years, DS, 1, 89) completed measures of self-compassion and healthy lifestyle. Results showed that there were significant gender differences in self-compassion, in favor of males and in healthy lifestyle in favor of females. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found positively related to healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, self-judgment, isolation, and over identification factors of self-compassion were found negatively correlated to healthy lifestyle. According to path analysis results, healthy lifestyle was predicted negatively by self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification, further self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness predicted healthy lifestyle in a positive way. Results were discussed in the light of literature.
Key words: Self-compassion - Healthy lifestyle - university students.
Background
: Physical activity can mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the presence of mood disorders makes it challenging to follow or develop a regular exercise habit. We conducted an online comparative effectiveness study (Healthy Hearts Healthy Minds) to evaluate whether an online psychosocial intervention adjunctive to an activity monitor (Fitbit) can improve adherence to physical activity among individuals with mood disorders who have or are at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
: In this paper, we explore design considerations (including both procedural challenges and achievements) of relevance to our study.
Results
: Challenges of this study included navigating a complex IRB review process, integrating two study platforms, automating study procedures, and optimizing participant engagement. Achievements of this study included building trust with collaborators, leveraging existing online communities, generating daily data reports, and conducting patient-centered research.
Limitations
: These design considerations are based on a single online comparative effectiveness study, and other online intervention studies may be presented with other unique challenges that are specific to their study format or aims. Consistent with some of the generalizability challenges facing other online studies, participants in this study were overall highly educated (most had at least a college degree).
Conclusions
: We successfully conducted a large-scale virtual online intervention to increase physical activity of participants with comorbid mood and cardiovascular disorders by overcoming substantial operational and technical challenges. We hope that this exploration of design considerations in the context of our online study can inform upcoming online intervention studies.
Both dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions have been found to be associated with less psychological distress. The current study investigated three mechanisms by which mindfulness might exert its beneficial effects: emotion regulation, nonattachment, and reduced rumination. Correlational self-report data were collected from two independent, nonclinical samples of undergraduates. Structural equation modeling was then used to test the role of these three mechanisms in mediating the relationship between mindfulness and a psychological distress factor, consisting of measures for depressive and anxious symptomatology. The model was respecified based on the first sample and retested in the second sample. Results confirmed an inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress. Furthermore, emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination significantly mediated this relationship.
Interventions based on training in mindfulness skills are becoming increasingly popular. Mindfulness involves intentionally bringing one's attention to the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment, and is often taught through a variety of meditation exercises. This review summarizes conceptual approaches to mind-fulness and empirical research on the utility of mindfulness-based interventions. Meta-analytic techniques were incorporated to facilitate quantification of findings and comparison across studies. Although the current empirical literature includes many methodological flaws, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in the treatment of several disorders. Methodologically sound investigations are recommended in order to clarify the utility of these interventions.
This article proposes that binge eating is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness. Binge eaters suffer from high standards and expectations, especially an acute sensitivity to the difficult (perceived) demands of others. When they fall short of these standards, they develop an aversive pattern of high self-awareness, characterized by unflattering views of self and concern over how they are perceived by others. These aversive self-perceptions are accompanied by emotional distress, which often includes anxiety and depression. To escape from this unpleasant state, binge eaters attempt the cognitive response of narrowing attention to the immediate stimulus environment and avoiding broadly meaningful thought. This narrowing of attention disengages normal inhibitions against eating and fosters an uncritical acceptance of irrational beliefs and thoughts. The escape model is capable of integrating much of the available evidence about binge eating.
In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.
The authors examined the effect of a 6-week mind/body intervention on college students' psychological distress, anxiety, and perception of stress. One hundred twenty-eight students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 63) or a waitlist control group (n = 65). The experimental group received 6 90-minute group-training sessions in the relaxation response and cognitive behavioral skills. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess the students' psychological state before and after the intervention. Ninety students (70% of the initial sample) completed the postassessment measure. Significantly greater reductions in psychological distress, state anxiety, and perceived stress were found in the experimental group. This brief mind/body training may be useful as a preventive intervention for college students, according to the authors, who called for further research to determine whether the observed treatment effect can be sustained over a longer period of time.
Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a structured group program that employs mindfulness meditation to alleviate suffering associated with physical, psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders. The program, nonreligious and nonesoteric, is based upon a systematic procedure to develop enhanced awareness of moment-to-moment experience of perceptible mental processes. The approach assumes that greater awareness will provide more veridical perception, reduce negative affect and improve vitality and coping. In the last two decades, a number of research reports appeared that seem to support many of these claims. We performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies of health-related studies related to MBSR.
Sixty-four empirical studies were found, but only 20 reports met criteria of acceptable quality or relevance to be included in the meta-analysis. Reports were excluded due to (1) insufficient information about interventions, (2) poor quantitative health evaluation, (3) inadequate statistical analysis, (4) mindfulness not being the central component of intervention, or (5) the setting of intervention or sample composition deviating too widely from the health-related MBSR program. Acceptable studies covered a wide spectrum of clinical populations (e.g., pain, cancer, heart disease, depression, and anxiety), as well as stressed nonclinical groups. Both controlled and observational investigations were included. Standardized measures of physical and mental well-being constituted the dependent variables of the analysis.
Overall, both controlled and uncontrolled studies showed similar effect sizes of approximately 0.5 (P<.0001) with homogeneity of distribution.
Although derived from a relatively small number of studies, these results suggest that MBSR may help a broad range of individuals to cope with their clinical and nonclinical problems.
Sleep disturbance is a very common problem for cancer patients that has largely not been addressed in the clinical intervention literature. Mindfulness meditation has demonstrated clinical benefits for a variety of patient populations in other areas of functioning. This study examined the effects of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on the sleep quality of a heterogeneous sample of 63 cancer patients. Overall sleep disturbance was significantly reduced (p < .001) and participants reported that their sleep quality had improved (p .001). There was also a significant reduction in stress (p < .001), mood disturbance (p = .001), and fatigue (p < .001). The associations among these changes and implications for improving quality of life of cancer patients are discussed.
The authors examine the facet structure of mindfulness using five recently developed mindfulness questionnaires. Two large samples of undergraduate students completed mindfulness questionnaires and measures of other constructs. Psychometric properties of the mindfulness questionnaires were examined, including internal consistency and convergent and discriminant relationships with other variables. Factor analyses of the combined pool of items from the mindfulness questionnaires suggested that collectively they contain five clear, interpretable facets of mindfulness. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses suggested that at least four of the identified factors are components of an overall mindfulness construct and that the factor structure of mindfulness may vary with meditation experience. Mindfulness facets were shown to be differentially correlated in expected ways with several other constructs and to have incremental validity in the prediction of psychological symptoms. Findings suggest that conceptualizing mindfulness as a multifaceted construct is helpful in understanding its components and its relationships with other variables.
Little population-based data exist on the prevalence or correlates of eating disorders.
Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders from the National Comorbidity Replication, a nationally representative face-to-face household survey (n = 9282), conducted in 2001-2003, were assessed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
Lifetime prevalence estimates of DSM-IV anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are .9%, 1.5%, and 3.5% among women, and .3% .5%, and 2.0% among men. Survival analysis based on retrospective age-of-onset reports suggests that risk of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder increased with successive birth cohorts. All 3 disorders are significantly comorbid with many other DSM-IV disorders. Lifetime anorexia nervosa is significantly associated with low current weight (body-mass index <18.5), whereas lifetime binge eating disorder is associated with current severe obesity (body-mass index > or =40). Although most respondents with 12-month bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder report some role impairment (data unavailable for anorexia nervosa since no respondents met criteria for 12-month prevalence), only a minority of cases ever sought treatment.
Eating disorders, although relatively uncommon, represent a public health concern because they are frequently associated with other psychopathology and role impairment, and are frequently under-treated.
This investigation evaluated the role of mindfulness-based attention in concurrently predicting anxiety and depressive symptomatology and perceived health functioning in a community sample of 170 young adults (95 females; mean age (Mage) = 22.2 years, SD = 7.6). Partially consistent with prediction, results indicated that, relative to negative and positive affectivity and emotional expression and processing associated with approach-oriented coping, mindfulness-based attention incrementally predicted anhedonic depressive, but not anxious arousal, symptoms. Additionally, consistent with prediction, mindfulness-based attention demonstrated incremental validity in relation to perceived health, and the degree of impairment of health in terms of physical and mental functioning. Results are discussed in relation to the construct development of mindfulness-based attention, and specifically, the role(s) of this factor in emotional and physical health processes.
Mindfulness means paying attention in the present moment, non-judgmentally, without commentary or decision-making. We report results of a pilot study designed to test the feasibility of using Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) (with minor modifications) as a smoking intervention.
MBSR instructors provided instructions in mindfulness in eight weekly group sessions. Subjects attempted smoking cessation during week seven without pharmacotherapy. Smoking abstinence was tested six weeks after the smoking quit day with carbon monoxide breath test and 7-day smoking calendars. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate changes in stress and affective distress.
18 subjects enrolled in the intervention with an average smoking history of 19.9 cigarettes per day for 26.4 years. At the 6-week post-quit visit, 10 of 18 subjects (56%) achieved biologically confirmed 7-day point-prevalent smoking abstinence. Compliance with meditation was positively associated with smoking abstinence and decreases in stress and affective distress.
The results of this study suggest that mindfulness training may show promise for smoking cessation and warrants additional study in a larger comparative trial.
Relationships were investigated between home practice of mindfulness meditation exercises and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms, perceived stress, and psychological well-being in a sample of 174 adults in a clinical Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. This is an 8- session group program for individuals dealing with stress-related problems, illness, anxiety, and chronic pain. Participants completed measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, symptoms, and well-being at pre- and post-MBSR, and monitored their home practice time throughout the intervention. Results showed increases in mindfulness and well-being, and decreases in stress and symptoms, from pre- to post-MBSR. Time spent engaging in home practice of formal meditation exercises (body scan, yoga, sitting meditation) was significantly related to extent of improvement in most facets of mindfulness and several measures of symptoms and well-being. Increases in mindfulness were found to mediate the relationships between formal mindfulness practice and improvements in psychological functioning, suggesting that the practice of mindfulness meditation leads to increases in mindfulness, which in turn leads to symptom reduction and improved well-being.
The authors evaluated the effects on stress, rumination, forgiveness, and hope of two 8-week, 90-min/wk training programs for college undergraduates in meditation-based stress-management tools.
After a pretest, the authors randomly allocated college undergraduates to training in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; n = 15), Easwaran's Eight-Point Program (EPP; n = 14), or wait-list control (n = 15). The authors gathered pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data on self-report outcome measures.
The authors observed no post-treatment differences between MBSR and EPP or between posttest and 8-week follow-up (p > .10). Compared with controls, treated participants (n = 29) demonstrated significant benefits for stress (p < .05, Cohen's d = -.45) and forgiveness (p < .05, d = .34) and marginal benefits for rumination (p < .10, d = -.34).
Evidence suggests that meditation-based stress-management practices reduce stress and enhance forgiveness among college undergraduates. Such programs merit further study as potential health-promotion tools for college populations.
Introduction: Regular physical activity improves physiological and psychological health. Given the benefits, one would expect exercise to be the norm, but activity levels decline from high school to college. Declining physical activity, increased academic pressure, and major life transitions experienced by college students lead to high stress levels. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity, gender, and self-reported stress levels among college students.
Methods: A survey was administered during the spring 2006 semester to a convenience sample of students at a large, Southeastern university to determine whether physically active college students report less self-reported stress than inactive students. The 148-question survey provided data to analyze the relationship between stress and a variety of other variables such as BMI, marital status, class standing, and perceptions of weight, physical fitness, and abusive experiences. The data was entered into SPSS for analysis.
Results: Gender, diet, and exercise were shown to impact stress levels in college students. Perceived weight and perceived fitness were statistically significant. Students that exercised three days per week reported a lower mean stress level than sedentary students. Abusive experiences were strongly associated with stress in this sample of college students.
Discussion: Stress is linked to many preventable chronic diseases. Physical activity is a positive diversion from stressful thoughts and situations. College students learn many of their adult behaviors during their college experience. Therefore, it is vitally important that unhealthy behaviors and coping mechanisms be proactively addressed during this time.
The present study tested the hypothesis that mindfulness leads to greater concordance between physiological functioning (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA) and the psychological experience of that functioning (physical symptoms). Participants completed the mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) and a questionnaire assessing the severity of recent physical symptoms. In addition, each participant provided a saliva sample that allowed for the measurement of DHEA. It was found that those higher in mindfulness had a stronger negative relationship between DHEA and symptoms than those lower in mindfulness. Healthcare providers can use mindfulness to predict which patients are likely to have greater insight into their physiological health. The results also provide further validation of the mindfulness construct as an important predictor of internal concordance.
This study examined relations of agentic and communal personality traits to health behavior, substance use, and consequences of substance use in a sample of 201 undergraduates. As predicted, unmitigated agency was associated with a variety of maladaptive health behaviors, including binge eating, reckless driving, and substance use. By contrast, agency was associated with adaptive health behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating patterns. Unmitigated communion was unrelated to behavior. Findings are consistent with a growing body of theory and research suggesting that unmitigated agency is a risk factor for externalizing problems, whereas agency is linked to positive health practices.
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.
The purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Two questionnaires were developed. A 16-item Binge Eating Scale was constructed describing both behavioral manifestations (e.g., eating large amounts of food) and feeling/cognitions surrounding a binge episode (e.g., guilt, fear of being unable to stop eating). An 11-item Cognitive Factors Scale was developed measure two cognitive phenomena thought to be related to binge eating: the tendency to set unrealistic standards for a diet (e.g., eliminating "favorite foods") and low efficacy expectations for sustaining a diet. The results showed that the Binge Eating Scale successfully discriminated among persons judged by trained interviewers to have either no, moderate or severe binge eating problems. Significant correlation between the scales were obtained such that severe bingers tended to set up diets which were unrealistically strict while reporting low efficacy expectations to sustain a diet. The discussion highlighted the differences among obese persons on binge eating severity and emphasized the role of cognitions in the relapse of self control of eating.
There is encouraging evidence that structured psychological treatments for depression, in particular cognitive therapy, can reduce subsequent relapse after the period of initial treatment has been completed. However, there is a continuing need for prophylactic psychological approaches that can be administered to recovered patients in euthymic mood. An information-processing analysis of depressive maintenance and relapse is used to define the requirements for effective prevention, and to propose mechanisms through which cognitive therapy achieves its prophylactic effects. This analysis suggests that similar effects can be achieved using techniques of stress-reduction based on the skills of attentional control taught in mindfulness meditation. An information-processing analysis is presented of mindfulness and mindlessness, and of their relevance to preventing depressive relapse. This analysis provides the basis for the development of Attentional Control Training, a new approach to preventing relapse that integrates features of cognitive therapy and mindfulness training and is applicable to recovered depressed patients.
The lack of an effective HIV vaccine or other biomedical intervention means that behavioural change will continue to be critical to the prevention of HIV infection. Despite near universal knowledge of HIV and sexual safety, and widespread intentions to be safe, rates of unprotected sex and HIV sero-conversion remain high among gay and bisexual men. Explanatory models that link risk-taking and prevention to rational processes such as knowledge, social norms, behavioural intentions, or perceived vulnerability to infection, cannot fully account for the continued risk behaviours observed in virtually all cohorts of gay men. We feel that innovative conceptions of risk and risk prevention are needed, that emphasize non-rational, affective processes in risk-taking and decision-making. Consistent with recent models from social psychology, we propose that for many people sexual risk does not stem from a lack of community norms or personal standards, but from a desire to escape cognitive awareness of very rigorous norms and standards. Being self-aware of HIV risk arouses anxiety and precludes highly-desired activities: fatigue, fatalism, or other negative affect over HIV may lead people to 'cognitively disengage' within the sexual situation, and not to follow their norms or intentions toward safety. We propose that both substance use and the approach of high stimulation or other sexual settings facilitates this cognitive disengagement, wherein people enact 'automatic' sexual scripts and/or become more responsive to external pressures toward risk. We briefly review current psychosocial models of HIV risk behaviour, outline a cognitive escape model with particular emphasis on substance use as a behavioural risk factor, and discuss implications of an escape model for behavioural interventions among gay and bisexual men.
Binge eating symptomatology affects African Americans and Caucasians at similar rates. Moreover, compared to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating and BED are more evenly distributed across genders. Undergraduates are likely to be affected by binge eating, yet, relatively few studies have investigated this behavior and its correlates in college samples. This study examined the influence of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety on binge eating among ethnically diverse undergraduates. Results indicated that these variables significantly predicted eating symptomatology among Caucasian and African American women but not among Caucasian men. Further, among Caucasian women, depression was the only unique predictor of eating pathology. In contrast, anxiety was the only unique predictor of disordered eating in African American women. There were no differences between Caucasians and African Americans in severity of disordered eating symptomatology; however, in both ethnic groups, women reported greater eating pathology than men. Eating disorders of all types may be more prevalent among African American undergraduates than previously thought. These results highlight the need to study binge eating and its correlates in this traditionally underserved group.
This study investigated the ongoing effects of participation in a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on quality of life (QL), symptoms of stress, mood and endocrine, immune and autonomic parameters in early stage breast and prostate cancer patients.
Forty-nine patients with breast cancer and 10 with prostate cancer enrolled in an eight-week MBSR program that incorporated relaxation, meditation, gentle yoga and daily home practice. Demographic and health behaviors, QL, mood, stress symptoms, salivary cortisol levels, immune cell counts, intracellular cytokine production, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up.
Fifty-nine, 51, 47 and 41 patients were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively, although not all participants provided data on all outcomes at each time point. Linear mixed modeling showed significant improvements in overall symptoms of stress which were maintained over the follow-up period. Cortisol levels decreased systematically over the course of the follow-up. Immune patterns over the year supported a continued reduction in Th1 (pro-inflammatory) cytokines. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased from pre- to post-intervention and HR was positively associated with self-reported symptoms of stress.
MBSR program participation was associated with enhanced quality of life and decreased stress symptoms, altered cortisol and immune patterns consistent with less stress and mood disturbance, and decreased blood pressure. These pilot data represent a preliminary investigation of the longer-term relationships between MBSR program participation and a range of potentially important biomarkers.
The authors' purpose in this study was to determine the sleep patterns of college students to identify problem areas and potential solutions.
A total of 313 students returned completed surveys.
A sleep survey was e-mailed to a random sample of students at a North Central university. Questions included individual sleep patterns, problems, and possible influencing factors.
Most students reported later bedtimes and rise times on weekends than they did on weekdays. More than 33% of the students took longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep, and 43% woke more than once nightly. More than 33% reported being tired during the day. The authors found no differences between freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors, and graduate students for time to fall asleep, number of night wakings, or total time slept each night.
Many students have sleep problems that may interfere with daily performance, such as driving and academics. Circadian rhythm management, sleep hygiene, and white noise could ameliorate sleep difficulties.
There has been great interest in determining if mindfulness can be cultivated and if this cultivation leads to well-being. The current study offers preliminary evidence that at least one aspect of mindfulness, measured by the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; K. W. Brown & R. M. Ryan, 2003), can be cultivated and does mediate positive outcomes. Further, adherence to the practices taught during the meditation-based interventions predicted positive outcomes. College undergraduates were randomly allocated between training in two distinct meditation-based interventions, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; J. Kabat-Zinn, 1990; n=15) and E. Easwaran's (1978/1991) Eight Point Program (EPP; n=14), or a waitlist control (n=15). Pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data were gathered on self-report outcome measures. Compared to controls, participants in both treatment groups (n=29) demonstrated increases in mindfulness at 8-week follow-up. Further, increases in mindfulness mediated reductions in perceived stress and rumination. These results suggest that distinct meditation-based practices can increase mindfulness as measured by the MAAS, which may partly mediate benefits. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The MOS short-form Gen-eral Health Survey
- Hays Al Rd Stewart
- Ware
- Je
Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE. The MOS short-form Gen-eral Health Survey. Med Care. 1988;26:724–735.
One year pre-post intervention follow-up of psychological, im-mune, endocrine, and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients
- Carlson Le M Speca
- Faris P Patel
- Kd
Carlson LE, Speca M, Faris P, Patel KD. One year pre-post intervention follow-up of psychological, im-mune, endocrine, and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Brain Behav Immun. 2007;21:1038– 1049.
Why is there more stress today? Available at
- American Institute
- Stress
American Institute of Stress. Why is there more stress today? Available at: http://www.stress.org/americas.htm. Published 2008. Accessed September 27, 2009.
Why is there more stress today?
- American