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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra
Abstract
Helminth parasites of digestive system of goats in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra were studied during the period January 2009 to December 2009. For these 400 faecal samples of goats from different villages were collected. Out of 400 samples 251 were positive (62.75%). In rainy season, out of 150 faecal samples examined 116 were positive (77.33%), while in winter out of 120 samples examined 73 were positive (60.83%) and in summer out of 130 samples examined 67 were positive (51.53%) [Veterinary World 2010; 3(10.000): 456-457]
... Goats need small funds for investment, obtain maturity quickly, grow rapidly and adapt to similar environmental conditions in comparison to cattle [2]. Goats can moreover adjust to the harsh tropical environment and conveniently be reared on useless land where cattle rearing are not much economical [3]. ...
... The present finding was in line with [32] [20]. Similar results were observed [3,19]. ...
... in Maharashtra [3], 3.88-14.8% in Jammu and Kashmir [41]. ...
Gastrointestinal parasite in goat caused huge financial losses due to reduction in productivity and health challenges globally. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats in Western Uttar Pradesh. A total of 1117 faecal samples of goats were collected and examined for gastrointestinal parasitic infestations during the period from March 2023 to February 2024. The faecal samples were examined using 10x and 40x objectives lenses of compound microscope by direct faecal wet smears, flotation, sedimentation and modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining technique to detect the eggs/ova/larvae/ cysts and trophozoites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites infections in goats were recorded 70.55%. Total of nine gastrointestinal parasitic eggs (Fasciola spp., Strongyle spp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp., Amphistome spp., Moniezia spp., Ei-meria spp., Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.) were detected in goats during faecal examinations in current study. The highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded in Barbari breed of goat (39.97%) followed by Jamunapari goat (36.93%), Non descript goat (12.18%) and lowest in Sirohi goat (10.91%). The highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites reported in age group of 1-2 years (50.51%) followed by in age group of > 2 years (33.88%) and the lowest one was in < 1 year age group (15.61%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites rate was higher in females (83.88%) in comparison to males (16.12%). The highest Citation: Sachin Gautam., et al.
... remained quite common in sheep and goats during last decade. It has been reported from different parts of Afro-Asian region like India (Sutar et al., 2010;Lone et al., 2012;Khajuria et al., 2013), Pakistan (Farooq et al., 2012), China (Huang et al., 2004), Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2014;Hossain et al., 2015), Iran (Ali et al., 2011;Khanjari et al., 2014), Thailand (Worasing et al., 2011), Ethiopia Dagnachew et al., 2011;Ibrahim et al., 2014;Gizachew et al., 2014), Tanzania (Mhoma et al., 2011), Zimbabwe (Zvinorova et al., 2016), Kenya (Musotsi et al., 2017). Fasciolosis is responsible for 3.28-4.8 ...
... Various reports from different parts of India on goats described fasciolosis 9.25 percent in Maharashtra (Sutar et al., 2010), 3.88-14.8 percent in Jammu and Kashmir (Khajuria et al., 2013). ...
... It has been reported worldwide i.e. Korea (Gebeyehu et al., 2013) Pakistan (Farooq et al., 2012) Thailand (Sangvaranond et al., 2010Worasing et al., 2011), Sudan (Almalaik et al., 2008), India (Sutar et al., 2010;Lone et al., 2012;Singh et al., 2013;Khajuria et al., 2013;Varadharajan and Vijayalakshmi, 2015;Brahma et al., 2015), Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2014;Hossain et al., 2015), Malaysia ( Tan et al., 2017) Nigeria (Okoye et al., 2013Owhoeli et al., 2014), Ethiopia (Ibrahim et al., 2014), Ghana (Blackie 2014;Futagbi et al., 2015), Zimbabwe (Zvinorova et al., 2016) The prevalence of Strongyloides spp. has been reported as high as 13.3 to 84.6 percent in goats in Nigeria (Okoye et al., 2013;Owhoeli et al., 2013), 23.5 percent in Korea (Gebeyehu et al., 2013), 16.3-25.9 ...
... remained quite common in sheep and goats during last decade. It has been reported from different parts of Afro-Asian region like India (Sutar et al., 2010;Lone et al., 2012;Khajuria et al., 2013), Pakistan (Farooq et al., 2012), China (Huang et al., 2004), Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2014;Hossain et al., 2015), Iran (Ali et al., 2011;Khanjari et al., 2014), Thailand (Worasing et al., 2011), Ethiopia Dagnachew et al., 2011;Ibrahim et al., 2014;Gizachew et al., 2014), Tanzania (Mhoma et al., 2011), Zimbabwe (Zvinorova et al., 2016), Kenya (Musotsi et al., 2017). Fasciolosis is responsible for 3.28-4.8 ...
... Various reports from different parts of India on goats described fasciolosis 9.25 percent in Maharashtra (Sutar et al., 2010), 3.88-14.8 percent in Jammu and Kashmir (Khajuria et al., 2013). ...
... It has been reported worldwide i.e. Korea (Gebeyehu et al., 2013) Pakistan (Farooq et al., 2012) Thailand (Sangvaranond et al., 2010Worasing et al., 2011), Sudan (Almalaik et al., 2008), India (Sutar et al., 2010;Lone et al., 2012;Singh et al., 2013;Khajuria et al., 2013;Varadharajan and Vijayalakshmi, 2015;Brahma et al., 2015), Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2014;Hossain et al., 2015), Malaysia ( Tan et al., 2017) Nigeria (Okoye et al., 2013Owhoeli et al., 2014), Ethiopia (Ibrahim et al., 2014), Ghana (Blackie 2014;Futagbi et al., 2015), Zimbabwe (Zvinorova et al., 2016) The prevalence of Strongyloides spp. has been reported as high as 13.3 to 84.6 percent in goats in Nigeria (Okoye et al., 2013;Owhoeli et al., 2013), 23.5 percent in Korea (Gebeyehu et al., 2013), 16.3-25.9 ...
... Goat is one of important livestock specie in both developing and developed countries, it has a pivotal role in small scale farming and rural economy of developing countries (Nakanishi et al. 2011). Small ruminants are the desirable source of animal protein and primarily raised for milk, meat, hair and leather (Sutar et al. 2010). Small livestock holders belong to a lower income class and their livelihood depends on income generated from animals especially in the existing socio-economic conditions. ...
... Heavy economic losses due to parasites are associated with reduced productivity, mortality and parasite control measures. Goats harbor a variety of GIT parasites that affect the production as well as the growth of animal (Sutar et al. 2010). Haemonchus contortus, a voracious blood sucking parasite found in abomasum and causes anaemia, diarrohea, loss of weight, oedema, recumbency, severe debility and finally death (Osakwe et al. 2007; Barger et al. 1997). ...
... Numbers of studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of goats has been reported all over the world including Pakistan (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2011;Tefara et al. 2011;Abouzeid et al., 2010;Sutar et al. 2010;Asif et al. 2008;Qamar et al. 2009;Gadahi et al. 2009;Lashari and tasawar 2011;Akhtar et al. 2011 (Asif et al. 2008). Poor management, illiteracy, lack of deworming program, noncommercial purpose of keeping goats and age of farmers are the major factors that are closely associated with the prevalence of GIT nematodes in goats (Osakwe et al. 2007). ...
Goat rearing is a traditional activity in prei-urban areas and villages and play an important role in
the nutrition, social and economic needs of the population. Gastrointestinal nematodes are
common in various production systems and these infections are the single most significant
constraint to small ruminant productivity.
The present study was carried out at Saidu Sharif, District Swat to generate data about the
gastrointestinal (GIT) nematodes prevalent in the area. To record the prevalence of various
nematodes of goats, a total of 150 faecal samples were examined. A total of 61/150 (40.67 %) of
samples were found positive. Different species were identified and include Nematodirus
spathiger (55.74 %), Haemonchus contortus (19.67 %), Trichostrongylus spp (4.9
%),Strongyloides papilosus (8.19 %) and Trichuris ovis (11.47 %). Highest prevalence of GIT
nematodes were found in young and immature animals (48 %) with mean EPG 282 and 211
respectively. Adult had lower infection rate (26 %) with mean EPG of 142. Sex related
prevalence indicated that male had higher prevalence (46.66 %) than female (34.66 %) and
greater intensity of infection in males as compare to females. Higher infection rate with GIT
nematodes was recorded in pregnant goat (42 %) as compared to non pregnant (33.92 %). House
hold animals showed high infection rate i.e. 45.33 % with mean EPG of 254 as compared to
commercially raised animals which had infection rate 36 % with mean EPG of 169. Study
showed significant difference of egg per gram count between breeds. Beetal goats had high
infection rate (100 %) and intensity as compared with other breeds.
Higher egg shedding was recorded in animals around parturition as compared to dry
goats. Liter size also affects the EPG and higher counts are recorded in does with duplets and
triplets. Albendazole (Albasym) was evaluated at two dose levels i.e. 1 ml/ 20 kg body weight
and 1.25 ml/20 kg body weight. The efficacy at normal dose and higher dose at day 7th was 98.81
% and 100 % respectively, at day 14th 95.24 % and 99.53 % and at day 28th 80.95 % and 93.90 %
respectively. No significant difference at normal dose and higher dose was seen while significant
difference with control group was recorded.
... Others include decreased production, costs for treatment and prophylaxis as well as occasional mortality (Hadid & Lotfy, 2007). Moreover, due to parasitism the animals become susceptible to other health problems (Sutar et al., 2010). Lambs are more susceptible to parasitic infections than adults (Soulsby, 1982). ...
... They also produce a considerable amount of manure, which is of special importance in those areas where cattle are of lesser importance (Sutar et al., 2010). However, there is no organized programme for sheep industry in Sri Lanka. ...
... The eggs that were observed during faecal examination could be from sheep eating pasteur contaminated with the dung of cattle in the same grazing land. Recently, Khan et al. (2010) recorded 15.4 % infection with T. vitulorum in sheep in Pakistan. Infection might be due to the common grazing behaviour of sheep with cattle. ...
Parasitism is one of the major economic and health problems affecting sheep industry. The present study determined the prevalence, intensity and the types of gastrointestinal (GI) and blood parasites of sheep at Kaithady farm in the Jaffna District. Fresh faecal samples (~ 5 g) from sheep belonging to a breed known as ‘Jaffna Locals’ were collected in September 2010 (during the dry season) and March 2011 (after the rainy
season) and processed by salt floatation, direct saline and iodine smears and sedimentation method. Geimsa stained smears were prepared from the blood samples. Identification of the parasites was based on light microscopic morphology and faecal culture was done to identify strongyles. Seven genera of GI parasites including Haemonchus contortus, Toxocara, Trichuris, Moniezia, Eimeria, Giardia, amphistome eggs and an unidentified strongyle type eggs were recorded. Strongyle infection was the most common (78 %) followed by Eimeria spp. (76 %). Concurrent infections of Eimeria spp. and GI nematodes were common. Although there was no difference in the overall prevalence of GI parasites between the rainy and dry seasons (chi square test; p > 0.05), the intensity of infection was significantly higher in the rainy season (Mann Whitney U test; p < 0.05). Seven types of GI parasites were recorded after the rainy season while only five were found in the dry season. Infections of Moniezia, Giardia and Trichuris were recorded only after the rainy season. A tick-borne haemoparasite, Theileria sp. was found with a very high prevalence of 87 %. Sheep in the Kaithady farm harboured many parasites. Regular and proper administration of anthelmintics would provide an effective strategy in controlling these infections.
... Others include decreased production, costs for treatment and prophylaxis as well as occasional mortality (Hadid & Lotfy, 2007). Moreover, due to parasitism the animals become susceptible to other health problems (Sutar et al., 2010). Lambs are more susceptible to parasitic infections than adults (Soulsby, 1982). ...
... They also produce a considerable amount of manure, which is of special importance in those areas where cattle are of lesser importance (Sutar et al., 2010). However, there is no organized programme for sheep industry in Sri Lanka. ...
... The eggs that were observed during faecal examination could be from sheep eating pasteur contaminated with the dung of cattle in the same grazing land. Recently, Khan et al. (2010) recorded 15.4 % infection with T. vitulorum in sheep in Pakistan. Infection might be due to the common grazing behaviour of sheep with cattle. ...
Parasitism is one of the major economic and health problems affecting sheep industry. The present study determined the prevalence, intensity and the types of gastrointestinal (GI) and blood parasites of sheep at Kaithady farm in the Jaffna District. Fresh faecal samples (~ 5 g) from sheep belonging to a breed known as 'Jaffna Locals' were collected in September 2010 (during the dry season) and March 2011 (after the rainy season) and processed by salt floatation, direct saline and iodine smears and sedimentation method. Geimsa stained smears were prepared from the blood samples. Identification of the parasites was based on light microscopic morphology and faecal culture was done to identify strongyles. Seven genera of GI parasites including Haemonchus contortus, Toxocara, Trichuris, Moniezia, Eimeria, Giardia, amphistome eggs and an unidentified strongyle type eggs were recorded. strongyle infection was the most common (78 %) followed by Eimeria spp. (76 %). Concurrent infections of Eimeria spp. and GI nematodes were common. Although there was no difference in the overall prevalence of GI parasites between the rainy and dry seasons (chi square test; p > 0.05), the intensity of infection was significantly higher in the rainy season (Mann Whitney U test; p < 0.05). Seven types of GI parasites were recorded after the rainy season while only five were found in the dry season. Infections of Moniezia, Giardia and Trichuris were recorded only after the rainy season. A tick-borne haemoparasite, Theileria sp. was found with a very high prevalence of 87 %. Sheep in the Kaithady farm harboured many parasites. Regular and proper administration of anthelmintics would provide an effective strategy in controlling these infections.
... In the present study lowest prevalence was observed from February to the end of summer season indicates clearly that the environmental data of the summer season was unfavorable for the survival and development of GI parasites. Table -3] The pattern of infection of GI parasites found in summer season was due to accumulation of parasite infection from previous season [Sutar et al. 2011] [16] similar findings were recorded from Sutar et al. [2010] [15] in goats, in Ahmednagar, Palampalle et al. [2002] [12] in sheep and goat at Marathwada region and Kharjuia et al. [2013] [10] in Jammu province in Sheep and goats and Balasubramaniam et al. [2001] [1] of Tamil Nadu. In the present study no significant difference was found in the infection pattern of sheep and goat. ...
... In the present study lowest prevalence was observed from February to the end of summer season indicates clearly that the environmental data of the summer season was unfavorable for the survival and development of GI parasites. Table -3] The pattern of infection of GI parasites found in summer season was due to accumulation of parasite infection from previous season [Sutar et al. 2011] [16] similar findings were recorded from Sutar et al. [2010] [15] in goats, in Ahmednagar, Palampalle et al. [2002] [12] in sheep and goat at Marathwada region and Kharjuia et al. [2013] [10] in Jammu province in Sheep and goats and Balasubramaniam et al. [2001] [1] of Tamil Nadu. In the present study no significant difference was found in the infection pattern of sheep and goat. ...
A total 667 goats and 669 sheep faecal samples were randomly collected in every season during the period of October 2017 to September 2018 at Department of Veterinary Parasitology to ascertain the influence of weather parameters on population dynamics of gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical regions of Maharashtra. The highest Egg per Gram [EPG] was recorded during monsoon [7320±338.23] in sheep and [6060±17.35] in goats during the monsoon season and lowest in summer season [440±120.83] and [600±277.48] respectively in sheep and goat. The severity of GI parasitism in goats and sheep were measured in terms of Egg per Gram [EPG] which showed significant seasonal correlation in all three seasons with rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Ova of Strongyle spp, Strongyloides spp. Trichuris spp, Paramphistomum spp. sp. and oocyst of Eimeria spp, were found in [50.52%, 29.29%, 11.50%, 2.54%, 20.62%] and [59.22%, 24.28%, 24.28%, 6.44%, 34.18%] in sheep and goats respectively. The other GI parasitic ova/ oocyst in descending order were of Strongyle 50.52 percent, Eimeria 20.62 percent, Trichuris 11.50 percent in sheep and same pattern Strongyle 59.22 percent, Eimeria 34.18 percent, Trichuris 24.28 percent in goats. Not only seasonal prevalence of GI parasitism in sheep and goats varies significantly during three seasons but also the severity of infection recorded in terms of EPG also shows at par trend of seasonal parameters. The variation in weather parameter also recorded and it was noted that highest rainfall, temperature and humidity were 3028 mm, 39 0 C and 94.37 percent during the study period. Correlation of parasitic load data with meteorological parameters and drawing of prediction models for every year is essential for control the parasitic infection.
... Pathak and Pal (2008) [9] reported that the highest seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in monsoon (94.60%), moderate in summer (87.50%) and lowest in winter (63.15%). Similar observations were made by Yadav and Tandon (1989) [20] , Katoch et al. (2000) [24] , Muraleedharan (2005) [14] , Yadav et al., (2006) [15] , Sutar et al. (2010) [25] , Bandyopadhyay et al. ...
... Pathak and Pal (2008) [9] reported that the highest seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in monsoon (94.60%), moderate in summer (87.50%) and lowest in winter (63.15%). Similar observations were made by Yadav and Tandon (1989) [20] , Katoch et al. (2000) [24] , Muraleedharan (2005) [14] , Yadav et al., (2006) [15] , Sutar et al. (2010) [25] , Bandyopadhyay et al. ...
Goats are powerful source for production of meat in India, whose meat (chevon) is one of the choicest meats and has huge domestic demand. Besides meat, other products like milk, skin, fibre and manure are also provided by goats. Hence, Goat is often regarded as poor man's cow. Parasitic diseases are a world wild problem and considered as a copacetic obstacle in the health and products performance of animals. Internal parasitism is one of the global problems in the small ruminant industry. Endoparasite infections responsible for major health issues, cause adverse effect on the animal's performance and cause great economic loss to the producer. Gastrointestinal parasitism is an also important cause of death in goats. The faecal samples were collected for a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016, covering all the three seasons of the year. The samples were collected on monthly basis. The total 1200 faecal samples taken from July 2015 to June 2016. The faecal samples collected from the goats were processed by using differential floatation techniques, sedimentation techniques and McMaster counting method. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites viz. nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and protozoa was found to be 1134 (94.50%), 684 (57%), 84 (7.0%), and 1066 (88.83%) respectively. The peak month was July whereas depression month was February and the prevalence was highest in monsoon whereas least in winter.
... In the present study lowest prevalence was observed from February to the end of summer season indicates clearly that the environmental data of the summer season was unfavorable for the survival and development of GI parasites. Table -3] The pattern of infection of GI parasites found in summer season was due to accumulation of parasite infection from previous season [Sutar et al. 2011] [16] similar findings were recorded from Sutar et al. [2010] [15] in goats, in Ahmednagar, Palampalle et al. [2002] [12] in sheep and goat at Marathwada region and Kharjuia et al. [2013] [10] in Jammu province in Sheep and goats and Balasubramaniam et al. [2001] [1] of Tamil Nadu. In the present study no significant difference was found in the infection pattern of sheep and goat. ...
... In the present study lowest prevalence was observed from February to the end of summer season indicates clearly that the environmental data of the summer season was unfavorable for the survival and development of GI parasites. Table -3] The pattern of infection of GI parasites found in summer season was due to accumulation of parasite infection from previous season [Sutar et al. 2011] [16] similar findings were recorded from Sutar et al. [2010] [15] in goats, in Ahmednagar, Palampalle et al. [2002] [12] in sheep and goat at Marathwada region and Kharjuia et al. [2013] [10] in Jammu province in Sheep and goats and Balasubramaniam et al. [2001] [1] of Tamil Nadu. In the present study no significant difference was found in the infection pattern of sheep and goat. ...
A total 667 goats and 669 sheep faecal samples were randomly collected in every season during the period of October 2017 to September 2018 at Department of Veterinary Parasitology to ascertain the influence of weather parameters on population dynamics of gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical regions of Maharashtra. The highest Egg per Gram [EPG] was recorded during monsoon [7320±338.23] in sheep and [6060±17.35] in goats during the monsoon season and lowest in summer season [440±120.83] and [600±277.48] respectively in sheep and goat. The severity of GI parasitism in goats and sheep were measured in terms of Egg per Gram [EPG] which showed significant seasonal correlation in all three seasons with rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Ova of Strongyle spp, Strongyloides spp. Trichuris spp, Paramphistomum spp. sp. and oocyst of Eimeria spp, were found in [50.52%, 29.29%, 11.50%, 2.54%, 20.62%] and [59.22%, 24.28%, 24.28%, 6.44%, 34.18%] in sheep and goats respectively. The other GI parasitic ova/ oocyst in descending order were of Strongyle 50.52 percent, Eimeria 20.62 percent, Trichuris 11.50 percent in sheep and same pattern Strongyle 59.22 percent, Eimeria 34.18 percent, Trichuris 24.28 percent in goats. Not only seasonal prevalence of GI parasitism in sheep and goats varies significantly during three seasons but also the severity of infection recorded in terms of EPG also shows at par trend of seasonal parameters. The variation in weather parameter also recorded and it was noted that highest rainfall, temperature and humidity were 3028 mm, 39 0 C and 94.37 percent during the study period. Correlation of parasitic load data with meteorological parameters and drawing of prediction models for every year is essential for control the parasitic infection.
... The present study in sheep is low in compare to the infection rate (51.9%) in Mid-Delta, Egypt by Sultan et al., (2010), (56.25%) in Northern Ethiopia by Negasi et al., (2012), and (73.1%) in Cameroon by Ntonifor et al., (2013), but the present findings are higher than a study by Yohanna et al., (2019) in Nigeria who found that the infection rate was (33.7%). Current findings in goats are lower than the study by Negasi et al., (2012) who reported an infection rate of (35.33%) in goats of Northern Ethiopia, Anugrah et al., (2018) in India who reported an infection rate of (58.4%) in goats, and Sutar et al., (2010) who reported an infection rate of (62.75%) in goats of Ahmednagar in India, on the other hand, the present study is higher than studies by ElKhtam and Khalafalla,( 2016) and ELshahawy et al., (2014) from Egypt who reported a total prevalence of (23.54%) and (24.44%) respectively. These variations between the present study and the previous studies contributed to the differences in geographical districts, breed of animals, grazing and feed habits, rearing habits of animals from one district to another, knowledge of farmers about medication against helminth parasites, and to what extent intermediate hosts are available. ...
... The present study agrees with Kumar et al., (2016) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in the summer season, but these findings disagree with shit et al., (2017) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in the rainy season and Jas et al., (2020) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in monsoon season. In goats, the highest infection rate was in summer season, but of no significant difference (p> 0.05) These findings agree with a study by Lone et al., (2012) in India who showed that the highest infection rate was in summer season, but those findings contrast with the previous study by Sutar et al., (2010) in India who observed that the highest infection rate was in rainy season. The differences between the present study and the previous studies might be due to climatic changes as temperature variations, moisture percentage, presence or absence of rain, period of exposure to sunlight. ...
Prevalence and seasonal variations of some helminth parasites was conducted in (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats) from Sohag Governorate, Egypt with overall prevalence (44.64%). Infection rate was in cattle (52.78%), in buffaloes (48.84%), in sheep (34.32%) and in goats (27.27%). Fasciola spp. was higher in sheep (6.51%) while the lowest infection rate was in goats (3.64%). For Paramphistomum spp., the highest infection rate was in buffaloes (1.7%) and the lowest was in cattle (0.8%). For Moniezia spp. sheep had the highest infection rate (22.49%) while the lowest infection rate was in buffaloes (19.2%). For Toxocara vitulorum, cattle had the highest infection rate (31.4%) while the lowest was in buffaloes (26.8%). In addition, for Strongyle type eggs, the highest infection rate was in cattle (8.1%) while the lowest was in goats (1.8%). For Strongyloides spp. eggs prevalence rates in cattle and sheep were (0.8%) and (0.6%) respectively. Trichuris spp. eggs were found only in sheep with an infection rate (0.6%). Significantly cattle and buffaloes at age >3y were the highly infected group, but for sheep and goat, age group at age 1-3y were the highly infected group. Seasonally, winter was significantly with highest infection rate in both cattle and sheep, but summer season was significantly with highest infection rate in buffaloes and goats. Strongyle type eggs were cultured to detect several larvae including (110 cattle, 59 buffaloes, and 56 sheep) and the following larvae were detected (Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia onchophora Trichostrongylus axei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia curticei, Ostertagia circumcincta, and Haemonchus contortus).
... The present study in sheep is low in compare to the infection rate (51.9%) in Mid-Delta, Egypt by Sultan et al., (2010), (56.25%) in Northern Ethiopia by Negasi et al., (2012), and (73.1%) in Cameroon by Ntonifor et al., (2013), but the present findings are higher than a study by Yohanna et al., (2019) in Nigeria who found that the infection rate was (33.7%). Current findings in goats are lower than the study by Negasi et al., (2012) who reported an infection rate of (35.33%) in goats of Northern Ethiopia, Anugrah et al., (2018) in India who reported an infection rate of (58.4%) in goats, and Sutar et al., (2010) who reported an infection rate of (62.75%) in goats of Ahmednagar in India, on the other hand, the present study is higher than studies by ElKhtam and Khalafalla,( 2016) and ELshahawy et al., (2014) from Egypt who reported a total prevalence of (23.54%) and (24.44%) respectively. These variations between the present study and the previous studies contributed to the differences in geographical districts, breed of animals, grazing and feed habits, rearing habits of animals from one district to another, knowledge of farmers about medication against helminth parasites, and to what extent intermediate hosts are available. ...
... The present study agrees with Kumar et al., (2016) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in the summer season, but these findings disagree with shit et al., (2017) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in the rainy season and Jas et al., (2020) in India who reported that the highest infection rate was in monsoon season. In goats, the highest infection rate was in summer season, but of no significant difference (p> 0.05) These findings agree with a study by Lone et al., (2012) in India who showed that the highest infection rate was in summer season, but those findings contrast with the previous study by Sutar et al., (2010) in India who observed that the highest infection rate was in rainy season. The differences between the present study and the previous studies might be due to climatic changes as temperature variations, moisture percentage, presence or absence of rain, period of exposure to sunlight. ...
Prevalence and seasonal variations of some helminth parasites was conducted in (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats) from Sohag Governorate, Egypt with overall prevalence (44.64%). Infection rate was in cattle (52.78%), in buffaloes (48.84%), in sheep (34.32%) and in goats (27.27%). Fasciola spp. was higher in sheep (6.51%) while the lowest infection rate was in goats (3.64%). For Paramphistomum spp., the highest infection rate was in buffaloes (1.7%) and the lowest was in cattle (0.8%). For Moniezia spp. sheep had the highest infection rate (22.49%) while the lowest infection rate was in buffaloes (19.2%). For Toxocara vitulorum, cattle had the highest infection rate (31.4%) while the lowest was in buffaloes (26.8%). In addition, for Strongyle type eggs, the highest infection rate was in cattle (8.1%) while the lowest was in goats (1.8%). For Strongyloides spp. eggs prevalence rates in cattle and sheep were (0.8%) and (0.6%) respectively. Trichuris spp. eggs were found only in sheep with an infection rate (0.6%). Significantly cattle and buffaloes at age >3y were the highly infected group, but for sheep and goat, age group at age 1-3y were the highly infected group. Seasonally, winter was significantly with highest infection rate in both cattle and sheep, but summer season was significantly with highest infection rate in buffaloes and goats. Strongyle type eggs were cultured to detect several larvae including (110 cattle, 59 buffaloes, and 56 sheep) and the following larvae were detected (Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia onchophora Trichostrongylus axei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia curticei, Ostertagia circumcincta, and Haemonchus contortus).
... The prevalence is 59.6 per cent in South Africa (Takalani et al., 2020), 75 per cent in Nigeria (Eke et al., 2019), 87.25 per cent in Nepal (Ghimire et al., 2019) and 96.22 per cent in the Philippines (Rupa et al., 2016). In India, the prevalence was around 68.75 percent in Mathura ( Singh et al., 2013), 85.22 per cent in Chhattisgarh (Pathak et al., 2008), 92.4 per cent in Shillong and Meghalaya (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010) and 62.75 per cent in Ahmednagar district (Sutar et al., 2010). ...
... Gastrointestinal infection is associated with reduced milk and meat production and affects the health of goats by causing diarrhea, anaemia, bottle jaw, oedema and reduced productivity (Sutar, 2010). Infection with the cestode, Moniezia expansa, leads to inappetence, diarrhoea and chronic loss of weight (Yadav et al., 2019). ...
Goat farming forms the backbone of the Indian livestock sector. The prevalence of helminth infection is one of the major problems which affects the milk and meat production of small ruminants. It causes diarrhea, anaemia, oedema, bottle jaw and reduce reproductive performance of animals. Anthelmintic resistance and drug residues in animal products like milk and meat are the results of indiscriminate use of anthelminthics by goat owners for helminth control. Herbal anthelminthics are effective alternatives without any harmful effects. The paper presents the anthelminthic potential of the root extract of Tephrosia purpurea (linn.) plant on common tapeworm of goat, Moniezia. The in vitro study showed that the anticestodal activity of T. purpurea (linn.) at 125mg/ml dilution was comparable to that of albendazole. The histopathological study revealed very prominent shrinkage of scolex and suckers, tegument showed puff formation and was ruptured at the marginal position with irregular folds and crumbling of the segments. Longitudinal section of segment showed more marginal serrations indicating crumbling of the body segment as compared to albendazole, leading to the death of the worm.
... Seasonal occurrence and variable prevalence rate (39.34-92.4 %) of these parasitic infections have been reported from different states of India as Andhra Pradesh (Sreedhar et al. 2009) [49] , Chhattisgarh (Pathak and Pal 2008) [34] , Haryana (Gupta et al. 1987) [14] , Jammu and Kashmir (Mir et al. 2008;Tariq et al. 2010;Khajuria et al.2012;Lone et al. 2012) [27,22,25] , Karnataka (Murleedharan 2005) [28] , Maharashtra (Maske et al. 1990;Chavhan et al.2008;Padwal et al. 2011) [26,7,50,51,32] , Meghalaya (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2010a, b) [3,4] , Punjab , Sikkim (Rahman et al. 2012) and Uttar Pradesh Sultana 2003, 2009). Detailed information about epidemiology of helminthes in goats of Kumarganj and nearby areas is scanty. ...
... In the present coprological investigation 58.4% incidence rate was observed. Sutar et al., (2010) [50,51] reported 60.83% incidence rate of gastrointestinal parasites which is similar to present findings. Singh et al., 2013, reported 75% incidence of gastrointestinal parasites from Veterinary college farm Mathura. ...
The present study was designed to find out the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in goats of Kumarganj and nearby surrounding area. The overall percentage of gastrointestinal helminth infestation was found to be 58.4%. Out of 250 goats, 146 (58.4%) were found infected with gastrointestinal helminth, 29 goats ((19.9%) with Trichuris infestation, 56 goats (38.3%) with Strongyle infestation, 16 goats (10.6%) with Amphistome infestation and 45 (30.8%) were having mixed infestation (i.e. more than one parasite). Out of 250 samples, 190 were females and 60 were males in which 40 (27.4%) males and 106 (72.6%) females found positive for helminth infestation. Fecal Analysis revealed highest incident of Strongyle infestation 52.50% in males and 36.5% of mixed type of parasitic infestation was found in females, followed by Trichuris 25% and Strongyle 33% in males and females respectively. In both gender lowest incidence of Amphistome was observed. The study also showed that the age group of more than two year (45.2%) was more prone to infestation than the young ones.
... Among the studied 150 fecal samples, 102 goats (68%) were infected with gastrointestinal parasites (Table 1). Sutar et al. (2010) in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra and Osakwe & Anyigor (2007) in Nigeria recorded nearly similar results; 62.75% and 65.5% respectively. This percent was higher than that observed by Nasrullah et al. (2014) in Sulaimani province, Iraq (44.9%) and Velusamy et al. (2015) in Tamil Nadu, India (35%). ...
... Concerning the sex related GIT parasites prevalence, this study showed that GIT parasites prevalent was higher in male (75.4%) than female (62.4%) ( Table 1). It was similar to that recorded by Minnat (2014) in Diyala Province-Iraq and Zvinorova et al. (2016) in Zimbabwe while, it was disagreed with Sutar et al. (2010) in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra and Gorski et al. (2004) in Poland who detected that males were more susceptible to infection. However other studies found that there was no statistical relation between sex and the prevalence of infection as in Ayana & Ifa (2015) in Ethiopia, Verma et al. (2018) in India and Hassan et al. (2019) in Giza Governorate, Egypt. ...
... The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep has been reported by many workers earlier. It has been reported by Muraleedharan, 2005;Kaur and Kaur, 2008;Pant et al., 2009;Sutar and Khan, 2011;Choubisa and Jaroli, 2013;Singh et al., 2013 andVohra et al., 2018). ...
... Therefore, no snail borne disease was observed in the study area. Gupta et al. (2013) and Sutar and Khan (2011). Environmental conditions are usually favourable for the development, survival and translocation of pre-parasitic stages during the rainy season. ...
... The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep has been reported by many workers earlier. It has been reported by Muraleedharan, 2005;Kaur and Kaur, 2008;Pant et al., 2009;Sutar and Khan, 2011;Choubisa and Jaroli, 2013;Singh et al., 2013 andVohra et al., 2018). ...
... Therefore, no snail borne disease was observed in the study area. Gupta et al. (2013) and Sutar and Khan (2011). Environmental conditions are usually favourable for the development, survival and translocation of pre-parasitic stages during the rainy season. ...
... In contrast, Singh et al., (2013) observed the bursate worms to be most prevalent in goats in Madura, India with a higher prevalence of Haemonchus (53.34%), a lower prevalence of coccidian (23.34%) and mixed parasitic infections (23.34%) in goats than that observed in this study. In contrast to this study, Sutar et al., (2010) also recorded a high prevalence of Trichuris sp. (18%) and Strongyloides sp. ...
... In this study, mixed infections were detected for strongyles (Haemonchus sp) with Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Moniezia sp., as previous studies also reported Moniezia infection along with bursate worm infections in goats and sheep in India and abroad (Katoch et al., 1998 andSingh et al., 2013). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was high in males than females in this study, where as Sutar et al., (2010) recorded a higher prevalence in females (69.05%) than in males (54.80%). ...
... In contrast, Singh et al., (2013) observed the bursate worms to be most prevalent in goats in Madura, India with a higher prevalence of Haemonchus (53.34%), a lower prevalence of coccidian (23.34%) and mixed parasitic infections (23.34%) in goats than that observed in this study. In contrast to this study, Sutar et al., (2010) also recorded a high prevalence of Trichuris sp. (18%) and Strongyloides sp. ...
... In this study, mixed infections were detected for strongyles (Haemonchus sp) with Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Moniezia sp., as previous studies also reported Moniezia infection along with bursate worm infections in goats and sheep in India and abroad (Katoch et al., 1998 andSingh et al., 2013). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was high in males than females in this study, where as Sutar et al., (2010) recorded a higher prevalence in females (69.05%) than in males (54.80%). ...
A cross sectional study was carried out in a free range duck population of different farms in the local area to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes. Faecal examination by centrifugal sedimentation revealed an overall prevalence of 38.3 per cent. Echinostoma (25.0%) followed by Capillaria, Strongyloides sp. and Trichostrongylus sp., and mixed infections were also observed.
... Seasonal occurrence and variable prevalence rate (39.34-92.4 %) of these parasitic infections have been reported from different states of India as Andhra Pradesh (Sreedhar et al. 2009), Chhattisgarh (Pathak andPal 2008), Haryana (Gupta et al. 1987), Jammu and Kashmir (Mir et al. 2008;Tariq et al. 2010;Khajuria et al. 2012;Lone et al. 2012), Karnataka (Murleedharan 2005, Maharashtra (Maske et al. 1990;Chavhan et al. 2008;Sutar et al. 2010;Padwal et al. 2011), Meghalaya (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2010a, Punjab , Sikkim (Rahman et al. 2012) and Uttar Pradesh Sultana 2003, 2009). From the state of Rajasthan such studies or reports are too scanty especially in tribal region of southern Rajasthan. ...
... Therefore, in rainy season a high prevalence of protozoan and helminthic infection is possible. Several workers (Muraleedharan 2005;Chavhan et al. 2008;Pathak and Pal 2008;Sreedhar et al. 2009;Sutar et al. 2010;Tambe et al. 2011;Khajuria et al. 2012) have also observed and reported comparatively high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in monsoon period. On the contrary few workers have also observed and reported a high incidence of these 123 parasitic infections in summer (Mir et al. 2008) and winter (Padwal et al. 2011) season, but the reason is not clear yet. ...
A total of 415 adult domesticated ruminants, 130 cattle (Bos taurus), 108 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), 94 goats (Capra hircus) and 83 sheep (Ovis aries) inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern Rajasthan, India were investigated for evidence of gastrointestinal protozoan and helminthic infections. In southern Rajasthan humid ecosystem is predominant and has number of perennial freshwater bodies. Fresh faecal samples of these animals were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % Lugol’s iodine and formalin ether concentration. Of these 296 (71.32 %) were found to be infected with different species of gastrointestinal parasites. The highest (93.84 %) prevalence of these parasitic infections was found in cattle followed by goats (82.97 %), sheep (55.42 %) and buffaloes (46.29 %). Except cattle no other ruminants revealed protozoan infection. A total 8 species of gastrointestinal parasites were encountered. Among these parasites Fasciola hepatica was the commonest (15.18 %) followed by Haemonchus contortus (11.32 %), Ancylostoma duodenale (10.36 %), Trichuris trichiura (9.15 %), Amphistome species (7.95 %), Moniezia expansa (6.98 %), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.57 %) and Balantidium coli (3.37 %). The prevalence rate of these parasitic infections also varied seasonally. The highest prevalence rate was found in rainy season (84.21 %) followed by winter (73.9 %) and summer (52.8 %). The possible causes for variation in prevalence of parasitic infections are also discussed.
... Parasitic infestations due to endoparasites, ectoparasites (Majeed et al., 2015), or blood parasites (Ulucesme et al., 2023) in goats represent a big health issue worldwide (Majeed et al., 2015), leading to decreased milk and meat production, reduced performance, or mortality (Sazmand & Joachim., 2017). Research on goat parasites has garnered sustained global attention, with numerous studies aimed at better understanding these parasites and developing effective management strategies (Sutar et al., 2010 ;Rizwan et al., 2023). In contrast, in Algeria, few studies have been carried out, including those focusing on coccidia and gastrointestinal parasites of goats (Kouidri et al., 2015), on ruminant ticks (Aouadi et al., 2017), more specifically reporting cryptosporidiosis and fasciolosis in goats, respectively (Baroudi et al., 2018 ; Ouchene-Khelifi et al., 2018), on mammalian lice, including goats (Meguini et al., 2018), and on goats' cryptosporidiosis and others . ...
The semi-arid regions of Algeria present unique challenges and opportunities for the study of parasitology, particularly in relation to goats. Goats are integral to the livelihoods of many rural communities in these regions, providing meat, milk, and other essential products. However, they are also susceptible to a wide range of parasites that can impact their health and productivity. This study aimed to investigate parasitic species in goats across six locations in the Laghouat region and assess their prevalence according to the several factors. A total of 144 animals (21 males and 123 females) from 11 different farms, were examined during 2022-2023. Fieldwork involved collecting goat excrement, ectoparasites, and blood samples. In the laboratory, five techniques, including direct examination, flotation, sedimentation, modified Ziehl-Nielsen techniques, blood smears, and ectoparasite observation, were used. Among the 144 animals examined, 97 showed endoparasite infestations. Coprological analysis revealed 28 endoparasites in Capra hircus goats, with the highest prevalence observed for Cryptosporidium spp. (34.7%), followed by nematode larva (22.9%), Fasciola hepatica (17.4%), Ascaris spp. (13.9%), Eimeria spp. and Eimeria granulosa, both with a prevalence of (12.5%). Eimeria parva and Skrjabinema spp. presented a similar rate of (11.1%). Ectoparasites were identified in (21.5%) of the examined goats, represented by two lice species: Linognathus africanus and Damalinia caprae, (20.8%). Piroplasmosis was detected in 20.1% of the total. Regarding the factors, season, animal's origin, treatment, type of production, and breeding system influenced endoparasites rate (P ˂ 0.05). Similar results were obtained for ectoparasites, except for treatment, which did not show any significant difference. For blood parasites infestation, statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences, except for season and breeding system (P ˂ 0.05). the present study highlighted a large number and types of parasites affecting goats in Laghouat, which could lead to many pathologies and economic losses in consequences. Therefore, it is important to implement a coherent integrated pest control strategy and raising awareness among animal breeders about the multiple diseases that can affect their animals.
... Strongyle infection was highly prevalent in small ruminants, followed by Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.. Various studies have been conducted on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in India [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
A prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants was undertaken in Hassan and Chikkamagalur districts of Karnataka state to observe the current infection status in the region. The faecal samples were collected from the animals and processed as per the standard procedures. A total of 354, 46, 212 and 138 faecal samples from cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats were screened, of which 92 cattle, 13 buffalo, 79 sheep and 58 goat samples were positive for parasitic infection, respectively. The coprological examination of cattle and buffaloes revealed the highest infection of Amphistome spp. (20.3% & 28.3%) followed by strongyles (2.8% & 2.2%) and Schistosoma spindale (0.6%). Buxtonella sulcata cysts were found in nine cattle samples. Mixed infection of Amphistome spp. and strongyle followed by Amphistome and Fasciola spp.; Amphistome spp. and Schistosoma spindale were also observed. The highest infection of strongyle (25.5% & 24.6%) was followed by Amphistome spp. (2.4% &0.7%) and Fasciola spp. (0.9%) in sheep and goats, mixed infection of strongyle with Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.; strongyle and Trichuris spp., Amphistome spp. and Trichuris spp. were observed in the faecal samples. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections cause considerable economic loss by way of reduced weight, decreased milk yield, debilitation and morbidity in livestock, besides causing major health problems in domestic animals. The study helps to understand parasitic infection in ruminants, which could greatly help in understanding the management strategies necessary for the health of domestic ruminants, thereby safeguarding the economic impact.
... 2,7,9,10 Goats can also adapt to the harsh tropical environment and conveniently be reared on unproductive land where cattle farming is not economical. 11,12 During the fiscal year 2016/2017, caprine population in Rwanda was estimated at 2.94 million and goats produced 13% of dressed meat in Rwanda. They were the fourth largest livestock that produced dressed meat after cattle, swine, and chicken. ...
Introduction
Goat farming significantly contributes to the efficient use of land and socioeconomic development in developed and developing countries. During the fiscal year 2017–2018, goats made up 13.5% of the total live livestock exported by Rwanda. Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) can negatively impact goat production, especially in developing countries like Rwanda. This study aimed to determine the impact of the goat’ age and location (administrative cell) on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes, and protozoans (GiNCPs) of goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 149 faecal samples were collected from apparently unwell goats and analyzed using the simple flotation technique. Strongyle-type nematodes (STNs) infections were graded using the McMaster method. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were calculated to assess the impact of the goat’ age and location on the prevalence of GiNCPs in the study area.
Results
All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The identified types of parasites were STNs (96.0%), Coccidia (83.2%), Moniezia spp (14.8%), Strongyloides papillosus (12.8%), Nematodirus spp (0.7%) and Trichuris ovis (0.7%). Nearly 85.9% (128/149) of the goats were coinfected with 2 to 4 types of parasites and the coinfection of STNs and coccidia preponderated at 58.4%. The location (administrative cell) of the goats correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis (p<0.05). The goat’s age category was also associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis (p<0.05).
Conclusion
All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The location (administrative cell) of the goat also correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis. In addition, the goat’s age category was associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis. These findings show that any control program for caprine gastrointestinal parasitoses in the study area should focus on STNs and Coccidia.
... Prevalence rate of GI parasitism in goats ranging from 39.34 -92.4 percent have been reported from different states of India viz. Andhra Pradesh (Sreedhar et al., 2009) , Chhattisgarh (Pathak and Pal 2008), Haryana (Gupta et al., 1987), Jammu and Kashmir (Tariq et al., 2010;Khajuria et al., 2013;Lone et al., 2012), Maharashtra (Sutar et al., 2010;Padwal et al., 2011) Meghalaya (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010a, b), Punjab (Singh et al., 2012), Sikkim (Rahman et al., 2012) and Uttar Pradesh (Anugrah et al., 2018). Physiological changes between different age groups which also determines the grazing pattern, presumably have considerable effect on the prevalence rate of GI parasitism in goats. ...
A year round epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats from different regions of Maharashtra was carried out during 2017-18 in which faecal samples of 667 goats were examined. The overall prevalence of parasitism in goats was recorded as 74.66%. While it was to the tune of 87.57%, 76.15%, 65.00% and 71.57% for goats and for sheep it was 70.16, 56.57, 66.66 and 51.33 percent from Western Maharashtra, Vidarbha, Marathwada and Konkan region, respectively. The age wise prevalence reported in the goats of Western Maharashtra showed higher prevalence in adult stage as 91.44% as against 22.22% in the age group below one year. As regards sex wise prevalence there recorded non-significant difference among both the sexes from across the state. In Vidarbha, Marathwada and Konkan regions it was almost equal in quantum in both the age groups. Regarding breed-wise prevalence in goats, it showed non-significant differences among the four breeds from all the regions of state. HIGHLIGHTS m Goats of all the geographic regions of Maharashtra are equally susceptible to GI Parasites. m Age, sex, breed are equally important risk factors for GI Parasites in goats. m Gastrointestinal nematodes constitute major part of GI Parasites of goats in Maharashtra.
... In the present study, maximum EPG was recorded during monsoon followed by post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and winter in cattle which might be possibly due to heavy rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, congenial for growth and survival of non-sheathed infective larvae which was in agreement with Chauhan et al. (1973). Similarly, Borthakur and Das (1998) Chavhan et al. (2008) from Nagpur, Sutar et al. (2010) from Maharastra, Khajuria et al. (2012) from Jammu also reported that the prevalence of G.I. parasitic infections in monsoon period was frequent and comparatively higher. High prevalence of infection during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons may be due to favourable environmental conditions such as optimal moisture, humidity and temperature for easy dispersion, development, propagation and transmission of G.I. parasitic eggs. ...
... In farm flocks of semi-arid region, high FECs occurred from late May to early September in adult sheep and from August to early November in young sheep (Singh et al. 1997). During monsoon maximum intensity of strongyle infection was also reported from different parts of India (Yadav et al. 2006, Shankar et al. 2010, Sutar and Khan 2011, Singh et al. 2017. The present results are in agreement with other studies which showed that rainfall, relative humidity and presence of green vegetation as important factors in determining level of FECs (Keyyu et al. 2005, Sissay et al. 2007. ...
A study was conducted to observe the influence of year, season, month, breed, age and sex on epidemiology of strongyle nematodes in different sheep breeds managed at organised farms in arid and semi-arid Rajasthan by evaluating 14,030 fresh faecal samples (from April 2016 to March 2019). The overall incidence of strongyle worms
was significantly higher (74.1%) in semi-arid as compared to 27.4% in arid region. Among breeds, it varied from 25.6% in Magra to 74.8% in Malpura sheep. The effect of year was significant on regional as well breed-wise incidence. Season had significant effect on regional incidence with maximum incidence during monsoon. A significant breed variation in overall and seasonal incidence was found only in arid region. Irrespective of sheep breed, significantly higher incidence of strongyle worms was observed in adult sheep in both the regions. Male had significantly higher incidence of strongyle worms in both the regions. The effect of agro-climatic region was significant on overall intensity of strongyle worms with mean FECs of 117.8±3.7 epg in arid and 1098.9±45.2 epg in semi-arid region. Breed-wise, the effect of year on intensity of strongyle nematodes was significant in arid region only. Seasonal intensity was significantly higher during monsoon season in both the agro-climatic regions and in all the breeds. Effect of age on overall intensity of infection was also significant in both the regions with higher mean FECs in adult animals as compared to young one. In both the regions male were found to possess
higher FECs as compared to female. On coproculture, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus sp and Oesophagostomum sp were recovered with maximum (71.1±2.1%) mean annual proportion of H. contortus. An availability of infective larvae of GI nematodes on herbage was observed during monsoon and extended up to postmonsoon season in semi-arid region. Comparatively higher herbage infectivity was not noticed in semi-arid farm with a peak of 2,100.0±97.9 L3/kg dry matter of herbage in September. The study suggested a marked influence of agro-climatic region on epidemiology and dynamics of strongyle nematodes in sheep flocks and on pasture. The
breed variation was evident only in arid conditions. Further, the magnitude of monthly intensity of strongyle infection in arid region suggested anthelmintics intervention through targeted selective approach instead of strategic en-mass drench.
... In farm flocks of semi-arid region, high FECs occurred from late May to early September in adult sheep and from August to early November in young sheep (Singh et al. 1997). During monsoon maximum intensity of strongyle infection was also reported from different parts of India (Yadav et al. 2006, Shankar et al. 2010, Sutar and Khan 2011, Singh et al. 2017. The present results are in agreement with other studies which showed that rainfall, relative humidity and presence of green vegetation as important factors in determining level of FECs (Keyyu et al. 2005, Sissay et al. 2007. ...
A study was conducted to observe the influence of year, season, month, breed, age and sex on epidemiology of strongyle nematodes in different sheep breeds managed at organised farms in arid and semi-arid Rajasthan by evaluating 14,030 fresh faecal samples (from April 2016 to March 2019). The overall incidence of strongyle worms was significantly higher (74.1%) in semi-arid as compared to 27.4% in arid region. Among breeds, it varied from 25.6% in Magra to 74.8% in Malpura sheep. The effect of year was significant on regional as well breed-wise incidence. Season had significant effect on regional incidence with maximum incidence during monsoon. A significant breed variation in overall and seasonal incidence was found only in arid region. Irrespective of sheep breed, significantly higher incidence of strongyle worms was observed in adult sheep in both the regions. Male had significantly higher incidence of strongyle worms in both the regions. The effect of agro-climatic region was significant on overall intensity of strongyle worms with mean FECs of 117.8±3.7 epg in arid and 1098.9±45.2 epg in semi-arid region. Breed-wise, the effect of year on intensity of strongyle nematodes was significant in arid region only. Seasonal intensity was significantly higher during monsoon season in both the agro-climatic regions and in all the breeds. Effect of age on overall intensity of infection was also significant in both the regions with higher mean FECs in adult animals as compared to young ones. In both the regions, males possessed higher FECs as compared to females. On coproculture, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus sp andOesophagostomum sp were recovered with maximum (71.1±2.1%) mean annual proportion of H. contortus. Availability of infective larvae of GI nematodes on herbage was observed during monsoon and extended up to post-monsoon season in semi-arid region. Comparatively higher herbage infectivity was not noticed in semi-arid farm with a peak of 2,100.0±97.9 L3/kg dry matter of herbage in September. The study suggest a marked influence of agro-climatic region on epidemiology and dynamics of strongyle nematodes in sheep flocks and on pasture. The breed variation was evident only in arid conditions. Further, the magnitude of monthly intensity of strongyle infection in arid region suggested anthelmintics intervention through targeted selective approach instead of strategic en-mass drench.
... Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites has been reported ranging from 72.0 to 84.1% in domestic animals from various parts of the World (Bundy et al, 1983). Shortterm patterns in parasite infection and comprehensive knowledge in order to devise an appropriate method in small ruminants due to the associated morbidity, mortality and cost-effective strategy to control this parasite (O'Connor et al, 2007;Sutar et al, 2010;Rahman et al, 1975;Morgan et al, 2005;Bukhari et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2013). The losses due to diseases in goats scaled at national level were estimated at Rs. 11,720 million per annum (FAO, 2008). ...
:Goat rearing is an important part of Livestock in India, which is economically important through milk and meat
products to the farmers and also contributes for the national and international economy. Parasitism is among the major
problems faced by farmers. Nematodes (Helminth) are most prevalent parasites following the cestode and trematode, instudy
area. The study was carried out from May 2016 to April 2017 in Lucknowto estimate the prevalence in accordance to the month,
age and gender-wise. During the study period, 180 gastrointestinal tracts, collected from randomly dissected and presence of
parasitic infection was confirmed. The study revealed that nematodes were identified in goats with overall prevalence of 63.33%
(n = 180) across various age groups (36.84%, 27.19%, 35.08%, in > 6 month, between 6 -12 month and < 12 month),
respectively. The prevalence was found to be among male and female respectively 46.49% and 53.50%.
... The small ruminant production is very important source of livelihood to the rural people of India. Parasitic infections of sheep and goats are factors responsible for economic losses, reduction in productivity and increased mortality (Sutar et al., 2010). Variations in the incidences of gastrointestinal nematodosis in goats during different seasons were reported from different areas of India (Patnaik et al., 1973;Misra et al., 1974, Ahamad andAnsari, 1987;Swankar et al., 1996, Makhdoomi et al., 1995Nasreen et al., 2005;Yadav et al., 2006). ...
... Studies conducted in different regions have reported varied prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Pakistan i.e. 43.10 % prevalence in Hyderabad [7], 46.33 % in southern Punjab [12], 52% in Southern Punjab-Pakistan [13]. In the present study overall lower prevalence of GIT nematodes was recorded as compared with above mentioned studies and this may be attributed to the fact that prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection is very high in rainy season and low in winter [2,[14][15][16]. High prevalence of goat parasites in different regions is mainly due to the tropical environment and high humidity due to which infections persist throughout the year. ...
This study was conducted to delineate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 150 faecal samples were randomly collected from various age groups and of either sex of caprines. Overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats was 40.67%. Five species of nematodes were identified and included Nematodirusspathiger, Haemonchuscontortus, Trichostrongyluscolubriformis, Strongyloidespapillosus and Trichurisovis. Most prevalent species was Nematodirusspathiger (28.66%). Highest prevalence and mean eggs count per gram of faeces (EPG) were found in young animals (≤ 1 year old) as compared to adults (P < 0.05). Sex related prevalence indicates that infections were more common in males but association was non-significant (P > 0.05). No association between management practices and prevalence of GIT nematodes was detected but infection rate and mean EPG was higher in house hold animals as compared to commercially raised animals (P > 0.05). Body condition, faecal consistency, concurrent diseases and anaemia were not risk factor for the occurrence of nematodes in this study (P > 0.05). Parity status significantly influenced the egg shedding (P < 0.05). Litter size also affected the egg shedding intensity and higher EPG was recorded in goats with duplets and triplets.
... Recurring losses in productivity due to widely prevalent parasitic infection is important and common recurrent problem for small ruminant's production in most parts of the world [4]. Vast studies on the prevalence of GI parasites have been documented from different parts of India [5][6][7][8][9][10] and a few numbers in Tamil Nadu [11]. In addition to GI parasitic infection, small ruminants are also highly susceptible to haemoprotozoan parasites [12]. ...
Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal and haemoprotozoan parasites of small ruminants (Sheep and Goats) in North Western part of Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials and Methods: A total of 630 faecal samples (251-sheep, 379-goats) and 554 blood smears (242-sheep, 312-goats) were examined, for the presence of eggs of intestinal and haemoprotozoan parasites, respectively. The samples were received from the Veterinary college hospital and Veterinary dispensaries in North Western part of Tamil Nadu. Faecal samples were processed by sedimentation technique and examined under low power objective (×10), and blood smears were stained using Giemsa’s technique and examined under oil immersion (×100).
Result: The analysis of data on the prevalence of intestinal and haemoprotozoan parasites of sheep and goats in North Western part of Tamil Nadu for the period from 2004 to 2013, showed an overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 67% and 35% in sheep and goats, respectively, whereas only 11% of sheep and 3% of goats had the haemoprotozoan parasitic infection. Highly, significant difference (p
... Haemonchosis has been very prevalent in rainy seasons and the Southern Benin (the wettest area) has registered the highest prevalence. This seasonal effect has already been reported in previous studies (Barry et al., 2002;Regassa et al., 2006;Sutar et al., 2010). However, contrary to some reported data (Tasawar et al., 2010;Biu et al., 2009) age had no significant influence in the occurrence of infections. ...
A helminthological study was carried out from December 2010 to November 2011 in order to establish the epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus infections in small ruminants of Benin. A total of 756 abomasums, collected from randomly selected goats and sheep from all regions of Benin has been examined. An examination of the conjunctiva’s colour has been associated with parasitic diagnosis to assess the degree of anaemia in animals. The study disclosed an endemic evolution of haemonchosis. The overall prevalence was of 55.56% (SD= 0.50) with a mean burden of 175 worms per infested animal. No significant influence could be attributed to host’s species or age. The season has been a significant variation factor (p< 0.001). The prevalence of haemonchosis was higher in wet seasons (79.41% ± 0.40) than in dry (36.06 ± 0.48 %). The worm’s burden was also higher in rainy seasons than dry. Elsewhere, a strong correlation (p<0.001) was found between the conjunctiva colour and the worm burden but with a reverse influence of the season. In rainy seasons, degrees of anaemia have been low even though worm burdens were high. Inversely, moderate worm burdens induced detectable anaemia during dry seasons.
... during monsoon season may be due to the availability of moist environment and particular molarity of salt which are essential for ecdysis (Soulsby 1982). Similar observations were also recorded in past by Sutar et al. (2010). Higher prevalence of trematodes (i.e. ...
A total of 1,405 faecal samples (960 goat and 445 sheep) were examined from animals slaughtered at slaughter house, Mhow, Indore, for a period of 1 year (Feb. 2011–Jan. 2012). Examination of faecal samples by qualitative method exhibited 90.05 % prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths. Among the various helminths, the highest prevalence was of strongyles (85.40 %) followed by amphistomes (21.78 %), Trichuris spp. (21.70 %), Strongyloides spp. (12.24 %), Moniezia spp. (5.77 %) and Fasciola spp. (4.56 %). In monsoon season maximum prevalence (92.96 %) was recorded followed by winter (89.20 %) and summer (87.76 %). Age and sex wise prevalence was higher in less than 1 year of age group (91.05 %) and in females (90.96 %). Percent prevalence of GI helminths was slightly higher in sheep (90.11 %) as compare with goats (90.00 %).
Parasitic gastroenteritis is one of the major limiting factors for optimum productivity in small ruminants. The present study was carried out to determine the seasonal alteration in prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in goats of New Alluvial zone (NAZ) of West Bengal. A total of 4320 faecal samples of goats from six different places of NAZ were examined by the standard coprological techniques for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites during January 2014 to December 2015. The meteorological data of the study area were also collected from the Regional Meteorological Station, Kolkata. The prevalence of GIH was recorded as 70.52% and Strongyle (65.18%) group of nematodes was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other helminths. Highest (p < 0.05) prevalence (85.11%) as well as intensity of GIN infection (EPG = 640) was observed in monsoon and lowest (p < 0.05) prevalence (60.55%) and intensity (EPG = 340) was recorded in summer. Haemonchus contortus was found to be the predominant GIN species. The observations of the present study both in terms of parasite epidemiology and meteorological data should be utilised for planning strategic control measures against GI helminths in goats of NAZ of West Bengal.
Prevalence study on GastroIntestinal (GI) helminths of goats was carried out at Govt. Farms of twin districts of Bandipora and Ganderbal and locally reared goats of district Baramulla of the Kashmir Valley over a period of one year from December 2011 to November 2012. A total of 1016 faecal samples were examined which revealed overall prevalence of GI helminths to be 74.70%, with platyhelminths and nemathelminths in 14.76 and 70.07% animals, respectively. The helminths recorded in the present study were Fasciola spp. (2.75%), Dicrocoelium spp. (3.44%), paramphistomes (3.05%), Moniezia spp. (9.44%), strongyle worms including Nematodirus spp. (68.30%), Strongyloides spp. (5.90%) and Trichuris spp. (4.29%). On coprocultural examination Haemonchus spp. (71.05%) was found to be the most predominant strongyle worm followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (12.86%), Chabertia spp. (8.47%) and Ostertagia spp. (7.62%). Seasonal prevalence of GI helminths was observed highest in summer (78.03%) followed by spring (75.39%), winter (74.90%) and autumn (70.47%), the difference being statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of platyhelminths was found to be non-significantly higher in winter (20.00%) followed by spring (15.07%), summer (12.54%) and autumn (11.41%). Nemathelminths were recorded highest in summer (75.68%) followed by spring (71.82%), autumn (68.50%) and winter (64.31%). EPG ranged from 0 to 1500 and an average EPG count was found to be 312.7 ± 17.76. EPG was found to be highest in summer (453.80 ± 45.25) followed by spring (313.2 ± 28.76), autumn (256.1 ± 17.48) and winter (190.2 ± 32.0).Overall prevalence of GI helminths was found more in adult goats (77.85%) compared to young ones (67.42%), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, it was found to be higher in females (75.89%) as compared to males (66.12%) and the variation being statistically non-significant (P > 0.05).
A total of 360 faecal samples of goat belonging to Ahir community were collected randomly from eight villages on monthly basis. On same day, collected samples were subjected to qualitative faecal examination and positive samples were categorized into mild, moderate and heavy infected groups. The risk factors considered for study were age, pregnancy, lactation, seasons, wet land grazing and hygiene in housing. Overall 41.11 % animals were found positive for helminth eggs and among them 24.17, 10.56 and 6.39 % of goats were mildly, moderately and heavily infected, respectively. The helminths recorded were strongyles (26.9 %), amphistomes (18.1 %), Trichuris spp. (8.1 %) and Nematoidirus spp. (3.9 %). Similarly, 72 (20 %) animals were found positive for presence of coccidia oocysts in which 13.06, 4.17 and 2.78 % were having mild, moderate and heavy infection. The Chi square test revealed that the housing quality, seasons and body condition scores (BCS) were having significant effects on helminths prevalence. The Chi square values indicated that age, hygiene of houses, seasons and BCS have significantly associated with prevalence of coccidiosis. The helminths prevalence was having significant positive correlation with lactation status and housing quality whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with prevalence of coccidia. Kendall’s Correlation coefficients among various risk factors reveals that age and housing quality has significant negative correlations with coccidia infection. The gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites incidence was significantly high during the monsoon than the summer/winter season. The correlation of GI- parasitic prevalence with pregnancy status and age was not found.
Aim: To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats of Mathura region. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 240 faecal samples collected from three different farms were examined by direct smear, Willi's floatation and sedimentation techniques. Quantitative examination was done by McMaster's technique. Results: Out of 240 samples processed 165 samples were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. The overall prevalence was 68.75%. The most common gastrointestinal parasites were Haemonchus, Moniezia and coccidia. Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest that Haemonchus is the main gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats in Mathura region. Necessary steps should be taken in timely manner to improve the productivity from these animals.
Systemic studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats revealed that the percentage of overall prevalence of infection was 85.22%. The prevalence of different parasites encountered were Paramphistomum spp. (80.68%), Cotylophoron spp. (45.45%), Moniezia spp. (17.04%), Avitellina spp. (3.40%), Haemonchus sp. (26.13%), Trichostrongylus spp (5.68%), Cooperia spp. (3.40%), Oesophagostomum spp. (30.68%), Bunostomum sp. (5.68%) and Trichuris sp. (27.27%). Seasonal prevalence was highest in monsoon (94.60%), moderate in summer (87.50%) and lowest in winter (63.15%).
In a year round study,faecal samples of goats from selected villages (viz.,Chicholi,Bodhala,
Takalghat ) of Nagpur district were collected during the year Oct-2007 to September 2008. Out of 779 faecal samples examined 513 were positive (65.85%).In rainy season out of 294 faecal samples examined 237 were positive (80.61%), while in winter out of 250 faecal samples examined 153 (61.20%) positive and in summer season out of 235 faecal samples examined 123 were positive (52.34%).
Epidemiological studies on some gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Karnal, Ambala and Rohtak districts of Haryana (India) revealed that Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis in these hosts. The adult parasites persisted in the host throughout the year and there was no indication of hypobiosis. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on a continuous cycle of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the districts revealed that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of the parasites existed all year round.