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Zur renaissance der philosophie

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Philosophi rraverunt (Spec. univ. 1. 41) der traktat de anima im Speculum universale des Radulfus Ar...

March 2016 · Acta Antiqua

Tobias Janotta

In the late twelfth century Platonic philosophy is gaining more and more importance for western thought in general, in particular for Christian theology. As part of this "Renaissance of the twelfth century" a new perspective is emerging, focusing on the reality of man and nature. In this context the Speculum uniuersale of Radulfus Ardens is an interesting example, which has, however, hardly been ... [Show full abstract] investigated. In his opus (containing 14 books) Radulfus Ardens constructs a virtue-ethical framework, for the first time connecting the morality of man systematically with anthropological facts and psychology. Radulfus Ardens receives the Platonic theory of soul and criticizes it in order to integrate some of its elements into his ethical concept. His main concern is a holistic perspective on man. The aim of this essay is to present an Early Scholastic concept of soul theory by comparing the Platonic theory of soul with the explanations of Radulfus Ardens in the first book of his Speculum uniuersale. Thus, I try to shed light on an important phase of the reception of Plato in medieval western thought.

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Behind the Turkish War Machine: Gunpowder Technology and War Industry in the Ottoman Empire, 1450–17...

March 2005

Gábor Ágoston

Essays analyze the connections between science and technology and military power in the late medieval, Renaissance, and Enlightenment periods. The integration of scientific knowledge and military power began long before the Manhattan Project. In the third century BC, Archimedes was renowned for his research in mechanics and mathematics as well as for his design and coordination of defensive ... [Show full abstract] siegecraft for Syracuse during the Second Punic War. This collection of essays examines the emergence during the early modern era of mathematicians, chemists, and natural philosophers who, along with military engineers, navigators, and artillery officers, followed in the footsteps of Archimedes and synthesized scientific theory and military practice. It is the first collaborative scholarly assessment of these early military-scientific relationships, which have been long neglected by scholars both in the history of science and technology and in military history. From a historical perspective, this volume investigates the deep connections between two central manifestations of Western power, examining the military context of the Scientific Revolution and the scientific context of the Military Revolution. Unlike the classic narratives of the Scientific Revolution that focus on the theories of, and conflicts between, Aristotelian and Platonic worldviews, this volume highlights the emergence of the Archimedean ideal—in which a symbiosis exists between the supply of mechanistic science and the demand for military capability. From a security-studies perspective, this work presents an in-depth study of the central components of military power as well as their dynamic interactions in the political, acquisitional, operational, and tactical domains. The essays in this volume reveal the intellectual and cultural struggles to enhance the capabilities of these components—an exercise in transforming military power that remains relevant for today's armed forces. The volume sets the stage by examining the innovation of gunpowder weaponry in both the Christian and the Islamic states of the late medieval and Renaissance eras. It then explores such topics as the cultural resistance to scientific techniques and the relationship between early modern science and naval power—particularly the intersecting developments in mathematics and oceanic navigation. Other essays address the efforts of early practitioners and theorists of chemistry to increase the power and consistency of gunpowder. The final essays analyze the application of advanced scientific knowledge and Enlightenment ideals to the military engineering and artillery organizations of the eighteenth century. The volume concludes by noting the global spread of the Archimedean ideal during the nineteenth century as an essential means for resisting Western imperialism.

Article

Alchemy and the Renaissance Commentary Tradition on Meteorologica IV

November 2004 · Ambix

Craig Martin

It has been well noted that Aristotle's Meteorologica IV has played an important role in the development of alchemy because of its quasi-corpuscularian doctrines and its treatments of art and nature. This paper uncovers to what extent Renaissance commentaries on this book took into account alchemy. Many Renaissance commentators such as Agostino Nifo, Lodovico Boccadiferro and Cesare Cremonini ... [Show full abstract] were sceptical of the possibility of the transmutation of metals and limited their discussions to what they found in medieval commentaries. Several scholars, however, noted the utility of this book towards alchemy. By the middle of the seventeenth century, two commentators intertwined their interpretations with alchemy. Girolamo Trimarchi, following the Jesuit commentary tradition, considered this work primarily with respect to alchemy; and Niccolò Cabeo utilised alchemical experiments to guide his reading of the text and make Aristotle's work relevant to the emerging experimental natural philosophy.

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The Sophistic Movement and the Frenzy of a New Education

January 2021

M.R. Engler

This volume traces the history of Western philosophy of education from the Medieval through the Renaissance period (500-1550). This vast expanse of time includes the rise of Christian monasticism (one of the most enduring and revolutionary models of education in the history of the West), the birth of Islam (with its advances in mathematical, scientific, and philosophical reasoning), the rise of ... [Show full abstract] the university (as an emerging force distinct from ecclesiastical and state control), and the dawn of the Enlightenment. It includes chapters on the educational thought of Benedict, Abelard, Heloise, Aquinas, Maimonides, the prophet Mohammaed, Hrosvitha of Ganderscheim, Hildegard of Bingen, among others. It also considers the educational impact of Reformation thinkers like Erasmus and Luther, and Renaissance thinkers such as Montaigne. About A History of Western Philosophy of Education: An essential resource for researchers, scholars, and students of education, this five-volume set that traces the development of philosophy of education through Western culture and history. Focusing on philosophers who have theorized education and its implementation, the series constitutes a fresh, dynamic, and developing view of educational philosophy. It expands our educational possibilities by reinvigorating philosophy’s vibrant critical tradition, connecting old and new perspectives, and identifying the continuity of critique and reconstruction. It also includes a timeline showing major historical events, including educational initiatives and the publication of noteworthy philosophical works.

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Disciplinary Configurations: Astrology and the Mathematical Disciplines

April 2019

H Darrel Rutkin

Now that the central place of astrology within the medieval map of knowledge as the integrating link between natural philosophy and metaphysics, and its richly mathematical nature, have been reconstructed—as well as some features of its relationships with theology/religion and magic—it is time to situate these conceptual structures within their primary institutional locations, namely, their ... [Show full abstract] instruction and practice at the universities, with an emphasis on Padua, Bologna and Ferrara, where Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Nicolaus Copernicus and many others studied and taught. These conceptual patterns and their institutional settings will also be brought up to the end of the fifteenth century, mainly through the work of Regiomontanus (1436–1476), a seminal early figure in the “Renaissance of mathematics.” This chapter thus provides further essential components of the interpretive framework being constructed in volume I. It will be in relation to these disciplinary and curricular patterns and their institutional realization in the universities ca. 1250–1500 that we may directly approach the fundamental historical question of astrology’s removal, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, from its now securely established central position in the premodern map of knowledge.

Article

Antiquity to the Renaissance William A. Wallace, Prelude to Galileo: essays on medieval and sixteent...

March 1984 · The British Journal for the History of Science

A. George Molland

Antiquity to the Renaissance - WallaceWilliam A., Prelude to Galileo: essays on medieval and sixteenth-century sources of Galileo's thought. (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 62.) Dordrecht, Boston & London: D. Reidel, 1981. Pp. xvi + 369. ISBN 90-277-1215-8, Dfl. 95/US

49.95 (cased); ISBN 90-277-1216-6, Dfl. 45/US

23.50 (paper). - Volume 17 Issue 1 - A. George Molland

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The new Logic of Ramon Llull

March 1992 · Enrahonar An international journal of theoretical and practical reason

Charles Lohr

This paper proposes a reassesment of Rarnon Llull's thought in the history of philosophy. A previous reconsideration of the history of medieval thought is required. The author refuses a finalist interpretation of the Christian thought that reduces the “rationalist” slant of Anselm and the Victorines to a philosophical moment overpassed, even buried, by Thomist criticisms. Therefore, he recognizes ... [Show full abstract] in the Anselmian stream a philosophical tradition of its own, historically transcending the Middle Ages and becoming one of the principal sources of Renaissance metaphysics. By reeenacting and transforming the terms of that current, R. Llull became one of its most decisive components.

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Chapter 1 - The Origins of the Experimental/Speculative Distinction

February 2023

This chapter discusses the historical origins and emergence of the distinction between experimental philosophy and speculative philosophy. It opens with a summary of certain disciplinary-specific shifts in the late Renaissance that led to an increased appreciation of the value of experiment and observation. It then turns to the crucial traditional distinction between speculative and practical ... [Show full abstract] knowledge, which can be traced all the way back to Aristotle and was central to medieval and Renaissance understandings of the disciplines. Traditionally, natural philosophy had been classed as a speculative science, but interesting new approaches can be found in Roger Bacon, in the practice of natural magic, and in mechanics. These developments paved the way for the emergence of Francis Bacon’s division of natural philosophy as having a speculative and a practical, or operative, side. Francis Bacon’s heirs were to embrace his emphasis on the role of experiment in the operative side of natural philosophy, and by the 1660s in England a new form of operative natural philosophy emerged that its practitioners and advocates called experimental philosophy. In many contexts, it was set against the older, speculative approach to natural philosophy.

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Ludovico Ariosto

August 2011

Dennis Looney

Ludovico Ariosto (b. 1474–d. 1533), whose work links 15th-century humanism with the vernacular classicism that burgeoned later in the 16th century, is a crucial figure in the development of Italian Renaissance literary culture. An accomplished Neo-Latin poet whose earliest letter is a request for books on Platonism from the Venetian publisher Aldus Manutius (1498), Ariosto used his considerable ... [Show full abstract] knowledge of classical Latin literature to forge a literary corpus that blends ancient literary models with medieval ones to create an impressive example of vernacular classicism. No less than his contemporary Michelangelo Buonarroti did for art, Ariosto took the literary revival of Antiquity to new heights. Accordingly, Ariosto can be seen as a forerunner of Miguel de Cervantes and other vernacular prose artists whose critical recapitulations of medieval chivalric fiction under the influence of classical works and classicizing authors like Ariosto eventually led to the birth of the novel. For modern readers who are accustomed to the conventions of modern fiction, at times Ariosto sounds strangely familiar, even postmodern.

Article

Medieval Platonism (1) Paul Oskar Kristeller: The Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino. (Columbia Studies i...

December 2009 · The Classical Review

J. Tate

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Andreas Osiander’s Eschatology: from the Nürnberger Ratschlag (1524) to the Coniecturae de ultimis t...

January 2022

Miguel A. Granada

L’eschatologie de l’Occident médiéval s’est construite sur la base de l’Écriture sainte et a connu des évolutions importantes au fil des siècles. Le témoignage des premiers chrétiens montre que l’avènement de la Parousie, objet de leur espérance, est d’abord envisagé par les croyants comme l’espérance d’une libération intérieure et spirituelle, mais aussi extérieure et historique. La dissociation ... [Show full abstract] de ces deux aspects de l’ultime — intime et temporel — a vu poindre, au fil des reprises du discours eschatologique, la volonté de les rationaliser et de les déduire l’un de l’autre. C’est ainsi que l’eschatologie (théologique) a pu générer une téléologie et que le discours de la théologie a pu laisser place à un ensemble de philosophèmes portant sur « la fin de l’Histoire ». C’est à examiner les étapes historiques de cette mutation du discours eschatologique que travaillent les différentes contributions rassemblées ici, selon des approches thématiques diverses (théologie, histoire de l’Église, histoire de l’art, philosophie…), cherchant à éclairer le tournant pris à la Renaissance et la question de l’émergence de la modernité.

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“La Collection Raymond Klibansky : Présentation de la bibliothèque d’un humaniste montréalais.”

November 2013 · Mémoires du livre

Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) était professeur émérite au département de philosophie de l’Université McGill de Montréal. Dans cet article, nous présentons la riche bibliothèque personnelle qu’il a léguée à l’institution. Après avoir décrit ses caractéristiques principales et ses domaines majeurs, nous nous penchons sur trois secteurs où la collection se révèle particulièrement intéressante : la ... [Show full abstract] tradition platonicienne, principalement de Proclus à Nicolas de Cues, les maîtres de l’humanisme médiéval et renaissant et l’histoire moderne de la tolérance et de la liberté religieuse. Chacun de ces secteurs reflète la recherche, mais aussi les grands engagements humanistes de Raymond Klibansky. Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) was professor emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at McGill University. In this article, we present the research-rich collection of books that he donated to McGill. After a brief presentation of the main features of this personal library and its major areas of interest, we present three sections of the collection that are particularly illuminating: the platonic tradition, mainly from Proclus to Nicholas of Cusa, the masters of medieval and Renaissance humanism, and the modern history of ideals of tolerance and religious liberty. Each of these broad fields reflects the research of Raymond Klibansky as well as his strong commitment to humanism throughout his life.

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Zur renaissance der philosophie

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Behind the Turkish War Machine: Gunpowder Technology and War Industry in the Ottoman Empire, 1450–17...

Alchemy and the Renaissance Commentary Tradition on Meteorologica IV

The Sophistic Movement and the Frenzy of a New Education

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