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Job satisfaction and demographic variables - is there any link?

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Neelamegam Mallika
Neelamegam Mallika
Neelamegam Mallika
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Abstract and Figures

This article focuses on the analysis of job satisfaction perceived by the Indian overseas bank employees in Chidambaram and Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu. The employees working in Indian overseas bank were selected for the study. The study indicates that the job satisfaction perceived by the bank employees is medium and the demographic variables such as gender, age, educational qualification, experience, marital status, and income significantly influence the job satisfaction perception of employees.
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Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 6, Issue 3, 2010
www.pieb.cz
International Cross-Industry Journal
- 108 -
Introduction
Job satisfaction results from the employee’s perception
that the job content and context actually provide what an
employee values in the work situation. It can be defined as
“a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the
appraisal of one’s job or job experience”. This positive
emotional state is highly contributory to an employee’s
physical and mental wellbeing. Organizationally speaking
high level of job satisfaction reflects a highly favorable
organizational climate resulting in attracting and retaining
better workers.
Job satisfaction can also be defined as the extent of
positive feelings or attitudes that individuals have towards
their job. When a person says that he has high job
satisfaction, it means that he really his job, feels good about
it and values his job highly.
It has been established that highly satisfied workers have
better physical and mental wellbeing. It is highly debatable
as to which one is the cause and which one is the effect but
they are correlated. On the other hand, serious job
dissatisfaction results n stress and tension which is usually
the cause of variety of physiological disorders.
For a meaningful and systematic analysis of the problem
encountered a suitable formulation of a methodology for the
study is indispensable. Thus rendering solution to the
problem identified. Employees negative or unfavorable
attitude towards their jobs are called job dissatisfaction. It is
expressed through employees behavior directed towards
leaving the job, raising voice and neglecting and shrinking
from responsibilities. Hence job satisfaction improves the
employees’ productivity and reduces their absenteeism and
turnover rates.
The study intends to find out the influence of the
demographic variables over the job satisfaction perceived
by the employees. Also it attempts to understand the job
satisfaction perceived by the employees.
Research methodology
Research design. Descriptive research is employed with
a view to describe the employee opinion, attitude, feelings
towards job satisfaction.
Area of study. The research was conducted at Indian
overseas bank employees in Chidambaram and cuddalore,
Tamil Nadu , which is a big organization to enable effective
research to be done.
Sample size. The study aims at getting information from
200 employees in all departments which is equivalent to
50% of the total population 1:2.
T
ABLE
1.
O
VERALL JOB SATISFACTION PERCEIVED BY THE EMPLOYEES
Level job satisfaction
Frequency
Percent
Low
03
1.5
77
38.5
High
120
60.0
Total
200
100.0
T
ABLE
2.
JOB SATISFACTION BASED ON SEX AMONG EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANKS
Gender
Mean
SD
Sources
Sum of
squares
Means
square
F
-
value
p
-
value
Male
2.3662
0.51197
Between
group
s
0.07
0.007
0.027
0.876
NS
Female
2.3793
0.52407
Within
groups
52.613
0.266
Source: Primary data.
Note: NS: not significant
J
OB SATISFACTION AND DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES
-
IS THERE ANY LINK
?
M
ALLIKA
N
EELAMEGAM
Faculty of Business Administration
Annamalai University, India
JEL Classifications: J24, J28
Key words: Demographic variables, job satisfaction, banking sector.
Abstract: This article focuses on the analysis of job satisfaction perceived by the Indian overseas bank employees in
Chidambaram and Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu. The employees working in Indian overseas bank were selected for the study. The
study indicates that the job satisfaction perceived by the bank employees is medium and the demographic variables such as
gender, age, educational qualification, experience, marital status, and income significantly influence the job satisfaction
perception of employees.
ISSN:
1804
-
0527 (online) 1804
-
0519 (print)
PP. 10
8
-
1
11
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 6, Issue 3, 2010
www.pieb.cz
International Cross-Industry Journal
- 109 -
The Table 1 indicates that among the total respondents,
60 percent of the employee’s state that the job satisfaction is
high, and 38.5 percent of the employee state that the job
satisfaction is medium and 1.5 percent of the employees
state that the job satisfaction is low. Since only minimum
number of employees has perceived low level of job
satisfaction. Most of the employees have high and medium
level of job satisfaction.
Ho: There is no different in job satisfaction among
employees in Indian overseas bank based on gender.
Observing the mean value indicate that female has high
job satisfaction with the mean value of 2.3793 than the male
with the mean value of 2.3662.
ANOVA test was applied to verify the proposed
hypothesis. It is found that the F-value is 0.027 and P-value
is 0.876. Since the P-value is not significant (NS), the
hypothesis is accepted. There is no difference the level of
job satisfaction among employees in Indian overseas banks
based on gender.
T
ABLE
3.
J
OB SATISFACTION BASED ON
A
GE AMONG EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANK
Years
Mean
SD
Sources
Sum of
s
quares
Mean
square
F
-
value
P
-
value
<30
2.1818
0.501
08
Between
groups
4.743
1.581
6.472
0.000*
31
-
40
2.2436
0.48846
41
-
50
2.4462
0.50096
With in
groups
47.877
0.244
Above 50
2.62186
0.49024
Source: Primary data.
Note: * Significant at 1% level
Ho: There in no different in job satisfaction among
employees in Indian overseas banks based on Age.
Observing the mean value indicate that above 50 age
groups of them have high level of job satisfaction with
mean value of 2.62186, than 41-50 age groups of them with
the mean value of 2.4462, than 31-40 age groups of them
with mean value of 2.2436 and less than 30 age groups of
them having the mean value of 2.1818.
ANOVA test was applied to verify the proposed
hypothesis. It is found that the F-value is 6.472 and P-value
is 0.000. The result shows that there is significant level of
job satisfaction of employees in Indian overseas bank based
on age. Since the P-value is significant at 1 percent level. So
hypothesis is rejected.
T
ABLE
4.
J
OB SATISFACTION BASED ON EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AMONG
EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANK
Education
Mean
SD
Sources
Sum of
squares
Mean
squares
F
-
value
p
-
value
Degree
2.3704
0.48744
Between
groups
2.763
1.381
0.05**
Professiona
l
2.1702
0.48090
5.458
Post
-
graduate
2.4646
0.52125
Within
groups
49.857
0.253
Source: Primary data.
Note: *
*
Significant at 5% level
Ho: There is no difference in job satisfaction among
employees in bank. Based on educational qualification.
Observing the mean value indicate that post graduate
employees have high level of job satisfaction with the mean
value 2.4646, than degree holders mean value 2.3704 and
finally professional holders got mean value is 2.1702.
In order to test the hypothesis ANOVA test was applied.
The F-value of 5.458 and P-value of 0.05, since P-value is
significant. So hypothesis is rejected at 5 percent level.
From the results it is found that there is difference in job
satisfaction level among employees in Indian overseas bank.
T
ABLE
5.
J
OB SATISFACTION BASED ON EXPERIENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANK
Experience
Mean
SD
Sources
Sum of
square
Mean
square
f
-
value
p
-
value
<5
2.1538
0.46410
Between
groups
4.390 1.463
5.947 0.001*
6
-
10
2.3294
0.49733
11
-
15
2.3944
0.5204
Within
groups
48.230 0.246
Above 15
2.7778
0.42779
Source: Primary data.
Note: * Significant at 1% level
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 6, Issue 3, 2010
www.pieb.cz
International Cross-Industry Journal
- 110 -
Ho: There is no difference in job satisfaction among
employee in Indian overseas banks based on experience.
To study whether the job satisfaction based on
experience among employees in Indian overseas bank. The
mean value indicate that 2.778 than the above 15 years of
experienced got high level of job satisfaction, than 11 to 15
years of experienced with mean value of 2.3944 than 6 to 10
years of experienced with mean value of 2.3294 and finally
than mean value is less than 5 years of experienced are
2.1538.
In order to test stated the hypothesis. ANOVA test was
applied. It is found that the F-value of 5.947 and P-value of
0.001. Hence the hypothesis gets rejected at 1 percent level.
From the results it is observed that there is difference in job
satisfaction among employees in Indian overseas bank
based on experience.
T
ABLE
6.
J
OB SATISFACTION BASED ON MARITAL STATUS AMONG EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANKS
Marital status
Mean
SD
Sources
Sum of
square
Mean
square
f
-
value
p
-
value
Married
2.4024
0.52689
Between
groups
1.142
1.142
4.393 0.037**
Unmarried
2.1935
0.40161
Within
groups
51.478
0.260
Source: Primary data.
Note: *
*
Significant at 5% level
Ho: There is no different in job satisfaction among
employee in Indian overseas banks based on marital status.
Status since the p-value is significant at 5 percent level.
So the hypothesis is rejected. Observing the mean value
indicate the married have high job satisfaction with the
mean value of 2.4024 and also with least standard deviation
and low among the unmarried with the mean value of
2.1935.
To verify the formulated hypothesis ANOVA test was
applied. It is shown that the F-value is 4.393 and P-value is
0.037. It is concluded that level of job satisfaction
experienced by the married and unmarried varies
significant.
T
ABLE
7.
J
OB SATISFACTION BASED ON INCOME AMONG EMPLOYEES IN
I
NDIAN OVERSEAS BANKS
Income
Me
an
SD
Sources
Sum of
square
Mean
square
f
-
value
p
-
value
<10000
1.9474
0.22942
Between
groups 6.104 2.035
8.573 0.000*
10001
-
15000
2.3371
0.49872
1500
-
20000
2.4203
0.52597
Within
groups
Above
20001
2.6957
0.47047
Source: Primary data.
Note: * Significant at 1% level
Ho: There is no different in job satisfaction among
employee in Indian overseas banks based on income.
The mean value shows that the job satisfaction is high
among the employees in the income level of above 2001
with the mean value of 2.6957 and low among the
employees in the income level of 15001-20000 and they
also have least mean value.
To prove the proposed hypothesis ANOVA test was
performed and it is found that the F-value is 8.573 and P-
value is 0.000. The result shows that there is significant
difference in the job satisfaction experienced by the
employees in Indian overseas banks based on income. Since
the P-value is significant at 1 percent level. Thus the
hypothesis is rejected.
Managerial implications
The study implies that the overall job satisfaction
perceived by the bank employees is medium. The
demographic variables like age, education, experience,
marital status and income significantly influence the job
satisfaction perceived by the employees. It is also observed
only gender of the employees does not significantly
contribute for the job satisfaction perceived by the
employees.
Conclusion
The present study reveals that majority of the
employees’ perceived only high and medium job
satisfaction. So the organization must identify the factors,
which lead to poor job satisfaction. And also take action
towards the job satisfaction. Because poor job satisfaction
may result in less productivity and it is injurious for the
employees as well as for the organization. The demographic
factors also significantly contribute for the high perception
of job satisfaction. So employees have to identify the factors
and take measures to improve job satisfaction.
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 6, Issue 3, 2010
www.pieb.cz
International Cross-Industry Journal
- 111 -
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Comparison of Job Satisfaction by Alumni and Student Medical Representatives and The Associated Factors in Iraq
Article
  • Dec 2023
Background: Job satisfaction is a multifaceted construct that involves the intricate interplay of an employee's emotional, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics with their job. Objectives: To explore the difference in job satisfaction among alumni and student medical representatives (MRs), as well as to identify the factors that influence the job satisfaction of MRs. Methods: A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted with medical school students and alumni working as MRs in various Iraqi universities. Results: A total of 449 MRs participated in this study. A statistically significant difference was found in job satisfaction items, namely recognition, responsibility, salary, and working conditions between alumni and student MRs, with higher values observed in the alumni MRs group (p-values of 0.008, 0.003, 0.029, and 0.025, respectively). More than half of the participants had low levels of job satisfaction. Conclusions: Alumni and student MRs have similar levels of job satisfaction. The factors that significantly contribute to job satisfaction among alumni MRs include recognition of good performance, increased autonomy and responsibilities, competitive salaries, and improved working conditions within the company. The satisfaction of MRs is significantly influenced by the quality of products and the reputation of the company.
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Impact Of Demographic Variables On Job Satisfaction (A Study Of Bank Merger)
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2021
The Purpose-The Following Study Aims To Measure The Job Satisfaction Among Banking Professionals Based On Demographic Variables Such As Age, Gender, Qualification, And Tenure, Etc. A Methodology-Structured Questionnaire Was Used For The Data Collection From The Respondents. Employees Of Vijaya Bank, Dena Bank Were Taken Into Consideration For The Survey. The Sample Size Of 60 Employees Was Taken For The Study. Further Independent T-Test, Annova Was Applied For The Analysis Of Data Gathered With The Help Of Spss. Findings-The Results Revealed That There Does Not Exist Any Significant Difference Among Job Satisfaction And Qualification And Gender, Also There Is A Significant Difference Among The Job Satisfaction And The Age And Tenure Of Employees Research Limitations- The Major Limitation Is That The Results Of The Study Are Quite Limited Due To The Use Of Convenience Sampling And A Small Sample Size. Also, The Variables Are Restricted To Demographics Only, Which Does Not Generalize The Results. Keywords-Job Satisfaction, Demographic Variables, Banks, Merger Impact
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JOB SATISFACTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2012
In the emerging exemplar of globalizations it is indispensable for every organization to study the job satisfaction of employees, which form the pillars of success of any enterprise. Job satisfaction is one of the most researched job attitudes over the past fifty years (Rayton, 2006). This resulted in job satisfaction being the primary concept in most work behavior and motivation theories (Smucker, 2004). “Job satisfaction is a general attitude which is the result of many specific attitudes in these areas. The gradual preeminence of women in the power hierarchy , overcoming workplace discrimination in the corporate sector displays not the change in the outlook and the perception of the management , but the strenuous efforts made by dynamic women in that direction. In Indian society, women’s role traditionally has been of child bearing and home making while men performed the activities concerned with relations of the group to external situations including goal achievement. Now the whole pattern of male –female roles are undergoing a considerable change. Women employees have gradually started to dominate the work force recently especially in banks. This necessitates the need to study the factors that have a bearing on their job satisfaction. The research paper studies the nine factors influencing job satisfaction of women employed in banks. A sample of 269 women employees working for 6 prestigious banks in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka was used for the study. The paper compares the level of satisfaction of women employees working for private and public bank. The research indicates the difference that exists between the two banking sectors through use of ANOVA, chi square test and regression analysis.
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The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Personal Characteristics of Turkish Workers
Article
Full-text available
The relationship between job satisfaction and the personal characteristics of 249 Turkish workers in different occupations and job positions was investigated. The results indicated that monthly payment was the best predictor of overall satisfaction. Age, sex, education, number of children, and different measures of tenure were significant predictors of different aspects of job satisfaction as measured with 2 different scales. Marital status was not related to any of the measures of job satisfaction.
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Introduction[: Human Resource Development/Management in Lean Production]
Article
  • Jan 2010
  • Int J Hum Resour Dev Manag
This introductory paper first outlines the difference between mass production and lean production, paying particular attention to the emphasis given to lean production as a human system. It then introduces the salient aspects of the four papers that comprise the Special Issue, highlighting issues of similarity and difference, before isolating the four relevant themes emerging from these papers and integrating them with the extant literature.
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A study if job satisfaction in Taiwan
  • Dec 1992
  • 53-58
  • Yih Chung
Yih Chung, J., 1992. " A study if job satisfaction in Taiwan, " Dissertation Abstracts International, November, A 53/05.
Job satisfaction and commitment of older workers in small business
  • Jan 1992
  • 106-124
  • P Smith
  • F Hoy
Smith, P., Hoy, F., 1992. " Job satisfaction and commitment of older workers in small business, " Journal of Small Business Management, 30 (4), pp.106-18.
Job and work involvement among the industrial employees-a correlation study
  • Feb 1999
  • 79-82
  • J Gandharva
Gandharva, J., 1999. " Job and work involvement among the industrial employees-a correlation study, " journal of the Indian academy of Applied Psychology, January -July, vol.25, No1 & 2, pp.79-82.
Life style stressors, organizational commitments, job involvement and perceived organizational effectiveness across job levels
  • Jan 1998
  • 55-72
  • U Biswas
Biswas, U., 1998. " Life style stressors, organizational commitments, job involvement and perceived organizational effectiveness across job levels, " Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 34(1), pp.55-72.
An empirical study of job satisfaction and work adjustment in public sector personnel
  • Jan 2001
  • 184-89
  • S Srisvata
Srisvata, S., 2001. " An empirical study of job satisfaction and work adjustment in public sector personnel, " Prestige Journal of Management and Research, 5(2), pp.184-89.