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The effect of inhaling concentrated oxygen on performance during repeated anaerobic exercise

DOI:10.5604/20831862.919335
Authors:
Jiri Suchy at Charles University in Prague
Jiri Suchy
Jan Heller at Charles University in Prague
Jan Heller
Vaclav Bunc at Charles University in Prague
Vaclav Bunc
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The objective of the pilot study was to test the effect of inhaling 99.5% oxygen on recovery. The source of concentrated oxygen was O-PUR (Oxyfit). Research subjects completed two thirty-second Wingate tests at an interval of ten minutes, and in the interval between the tests the subjects inhaled either oxygen or a placebo in random order. This procedure was then repeated. The pilot study revealed a significantly (p<0.03) smaller performance drop in the second Wingate test following the inhalation of 99.5% oxygen when compared with the placebo. The results of the study indicate that inhaling concentrated oxygen may have a positive effect on short-term recovery processes.
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... Inhalation of 30% oxygen increases minute ventilation by 21% (Chung et al., 2008). Inhaling oxygen for 2 min causes transient hyperoxia that lasts approximately for six minutes (Suchý et al., 2010). Inhaling oxygen-enriched air increases exercise performance. ...
... Most of the previous studies have been performed in laboratory settings where participants inhaled oxygen during exercise (Chung et al., 2006;Han et al., 2011;Peltonen et al., 1995;Prieur et al., 1998;Pupiš et al., 2010). Only few studies described the utilization of oxygen before exercise (Chung et al., 2006;Suchý et al., 2010). In this study, we attempted to create settings that would resemble the possible use of oxygen in sports, using metal canisters containing 5 L of oxygen in concentrations ranging from 95 to 99.5%, which are now commercially available. ...
... By decreasing both the respiratory rate and the HR, we could increase the frequency and the length of effort. In another study (Suchý et al., 2010), athletes inhaled 30% oxygen during rest intervals between maximum effort exercise on a cycloergometer. ...
Does Oxygen Uptake Before Physical Exercise Affect Tear Osmolarity?
Article
Full-text available
Recently, it has been reported that tear osmolarity (Tosm) is correlated with plasma osmolarity and will increase during exertion. We aimed to assess whether inhaling oxygen-enriched air between exercises could significantly change the Tosm value. Thirty men aged 24.9 years were included in the study. A cycloergometer was used to perform the exercise protocol. We recorded the participants’ Tosm (mOsm/L), heart rate (HR, beats/minute), oxygen saturation, and blood pressure values. After the first exhaustive exercise (T1), participants inhaled oxygen in the experimental group and a placebo in the control group. After the second exercise (T2), another set of measurements was obtained. The Tosm value before exercise was 297.4 ± 1.21 and 296.53 ± 1.11 mOsm/L (p = 0.61718) and the HR was 72.6 ± 2.59 and 73 ± 2.59 beats/minute (p = 0.39949) in the study and the control group, respectively. At T1, Tosm was 303.67 ± 1.25 and 302.2 ± 1.25 mOsm/L (p = 0.41286) and the HR reached 178.04 ± 2.60 and 176.4 ± 2.60 beats/minute (p = 0.65832), respectively. At T2, Tosm in the study group reached 305.73 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (correlation with the use of oxygen: r = −0.3818), and in the control group, it was 308.4 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (p = 0.0373), while the HR reached 172.20 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the study group and 178.2 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the control group (p = 0.057). It was concluded that inhaling oxygen before and after exercise could increase the rate of recovery after exhaustive exercise.
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... In other works the influence of hyperoxia on the tolerance for physical activity, oxygen consumption during performance, oxidative metabolism, lactate response during and after exertion and the partial pressure of oxygen were demonstrated [1]. Substantially less work has been published examining the influence of hyperoxia on recovery following physical exertion [11]. ...
THE EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM INHALATIONS WITH CONCENTRATED OXYGEN ON TOLERANCE DURING VARIOUS TYPES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG HEALTHY PEOPLE
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Full-text available
  • Sep 2020
The article presents the results of a study concerning the effect of short-term inhalations with concentrated oxygen on tolerance during various types of physical activity in young healthy people. Material and methods. The study involved 30 healthy volunteers mean age 23.6±3.78 years. The complex of general clinical investigations included functional tests of Ruffier, Stange, Genche was used. Results of investigation. It was found that running speed per 100 m after inhalation of highly concentrated oxygen increased 14.6%, which is significantly better than in control group 1 (p<0.05). The 500 m running speed increased 10.6% (p<0.05) after the course of oxygen inhalation, as well as an increase in anaerobic reserve and maximum aerobic capacity (p1 <0.05). The result of the parameter of limitation of the number of flexions and extensions of the hands in supine support in-group 1 was lower (18.6%) than the result of group 2 (p<0.05). As a whole, after the short-term inhalation of highly concentrated oxygen, the indicator under study increased 38.5% over the initial data. Conclusions. Short-term inhalations with concentrated oxygen increase tolerance at different types of physical activity in young healthy people.
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... The results confirm the positive influence of hyperoxia on accelerating regeneration in a repeated model of specific basketball exercise. On the basis of our measurements and the positive results of analogous studies, 11,12,15,16,18,28 we believe it would be appropriate to use this permitted way of improving performance between repeated short-term anaerobic exercise to a greater extent in sport than is presently the case. The influence of hyperoxia on fine motor skills was not confirmed, but that may be due to the low reliability of the test chosen. ...
Effect of short-term hyperoxia on model exercise in basketball
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2014
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Article
  • Jun 2019
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Werkt sporten met extra zuurstof prestatiebevorderend?
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  • Aug 2016
Wanneer tijdens lichamelijke inspanning lucht met extra zuurstof (hyperoxische lucht) wordt ingeademd, kan er meer vermogen worden geleverd. Zorgt dit echter ook voor een prestatieverbetering op de lange termijn onder normale omstandigheden? En kan het vooraf inademen van hyperoxische lucht de daaropvolgende sportprestatie ook verbeteren?
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The effect of oxygen-air mixture with 93% of oxygen on heart rate variability and external respiration system of athletes
Article
  • Jan 2012
The purpose of the present research was to allocate the effect of oxygen-air mixture with 93 % of oxygen in it on heart rate variability and indices of cyclic athletes' breathing system. Breathing oxygen-air mixture with 93% of oxygen in it during 10 minutes facilitates change of functions of athletes' external respiration, shown in physiologically advisable change in the structure of breathing pattern, resulting increase of the volume and efficiency of athlete's respiration system. Concentrated oxygen normalizes heart rate, balances the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of vegetative nervous system, easing tension of athletes' body regulatory systems. The received factual data proved the necessity of using the oxygen-air mixture with increase of the contents of oxygen both in the training process as a stimulant, increasing urgent training effect and during competitions to preserve and recover the ability in maximum realization of athletes' motor and energy potential.
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Physiological ergogenic methods: Current trends in the use in training of athletes
Article
  • Jan 2015
Nowadays the intensity of loads in elite sport is critical. Active sports activities provoke certain changes in the functional state of the body associated with adaptation to physical and psycho-emotional stress and, consequently, to the degree of tension of regulatory mechanisms. There are different approaches to the classification of ergogenic methods used to improve physical abilities of athletes. Basically five different classes of ergogenic methods are considered including: nutritional, physiological, psychological, pharmacological and mechanical. This paper deals with the analysis of the results of recent scientific publications on the matters of application of physiological ergogenic methods by elite athletes. As seen from the study, the use of hyperoxic gas mixture influences directly the function capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system, optimizing the autonomic support. The use of oxygen to support an athlete before a maximum load contributes to better performance of the oxygen transport system, overall performance of the heart, as well as reduction of limiting capacities of the respiratory system. Breathing hyperoxic gas mixture for 20 minutes after the exercise of maximum intensity contributes to the acceleration of the urgent restoration of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
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Effect of hyperoxia on maximal oxygen uptake, blood acid-base balance, and limitations to exercise tolerance
Article
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  • May 2003
Hyperoxia, or an increase in inspired oxygen concentration, has been used by scientists to examine exercise metabolism and physical work capacity. It is apparent that hyperoxia increases VO2max and exercise tolerance due to an increase in O2 supply to contracting muscle. Furthermore, hyperoxia increases PaO2, which may promote an enhanced diffusion of O2 in skeletal muscle. Compared to normoxia, hyperoxia may reduce PCr degradation during the metabolic transient, attenuating the magnitude of cellular disturbance characteristic of near-maximal to maximal exercise. These aforementioned increases in exercise tolerance during hyperoxia are not due to alterations in ventilation, lactate (La-), or acid/base balance in hyperoxia, as previous data report no change in these parameters compared to normoxia. In addition, it is recommended researchers take special precautions to ensure the accuracy of gas exchange data in hyperoxia.
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HYPEROXIA DURING RECOVERY IMPROVES PEAK POWER DURING REPEATED WINGATE CYCLE PERFORMANCE.
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2008
KAY, B.; STANNARD, S. R.; MORTON, R. H. Hyperoxia during recovery improvespeak power during repeated Wingate cycle performance. Brazilian Journal ofBiomotricity, v. 2, n. 2, p. 92-100, 2008. Purpose: We have used a random order singleblind crossover design to assess the effect of breathing 21% O2, 60% O2, and 100% O2during a four-minute recovery from a 30s maximal cycle exercise protocol on repeatperformance of the exercise. All pairs of Wingate tests were undertaken by participantsbreathing ambient air, the O2 percentage was manipulated only during recoverybetween the exercise bouts. Participants: Participants were 12 males: age 20 or 21,height 181 ± 11 cm, body mass 79 ± 7 kg [means ± SD]). Results: Peak power outputwas higher during the second Wingate test after 100% O2 breathing than after both21% and 60% O2 breathing, however the rate of fatigue was closely correlated withpeak power. Total work was similar for all second tests. Conclusions: 100% O2breathing during a four-minute recovery from maximal exercise appears to improveabsolute power output in a subsequent exhaustive exercise test, however the rate offatigue is also increased and the transient ergogenic effect is therefore short lived:perhaps 1-2 seconds. The utility of such an intervention to most sports and physicallydemanding situations is therefore likely to be limited.
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[Anaerobic "all-out" stress tests: selection of the type and duration of stress]
Article
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Standard Anaerobic Exercise Tests
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 1987
Anaerobic tests are divided into tests measuring anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity. Anaerobic power tests include force-velocity tests, vertical jump tests, staircase tests, and cycle ergometer tests. The values of maximal anaerobic power obtained with these different protocols are different but generally well correlated. Differences between tests include factors such as whether average power or instantaneous power is measured, active muscle mass is the same in all the protocols, the legs act simultaneously or successively, maximal power is measured at the very beginning of exercise or after several seconds, inertia of the devices and body segments are taken into account. Force-velocity tests have the advantage of enabling the estimation of the force and velocity components of power, which is not possible with tests such as a staircase test, a vertical jump, the Wingate test and other long-duration cycle ergometer protocols. Maximal anaerobic capcity tests are subdivided into maximal oxygen debt test, ergometric tests (all-out tests and constant load tests), measurement of oxygen deficit during a constant load test and measurement of peak blood lactate. The measurement of the maximal oxygen debt is not valid and reliable enough to be used as an anaerobic capacity test. The aerobic metabolism involvement during anaerobic capacity tests, and the ignorance of the mechanical efficiency, limit the validity of the ergometric tests which are only based on the measurement of work. The amount of work performed during the Wingate test depends probably on glycolytic and aerobic power as well as anaerobic capacity. The fatigue index (power decrease) of the all-out tests is not reliable and depends probably on aerobic power as well as the fast-twich fibre percentage. Reliability of the constant load tests has seldom been studied and has been found to be rather low. In theory, the measure of the oxygen deficit during a constant load test is more valid than the other tests but its reliability is unknown. The validity and reliability of postexercise blood lactate as a test of maximal anaerobic capacity are probably not better than that of the current ergometric tests. The choice of an anaerobic test depends on the aims and subjects of a study and its practicability within a testing session.
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All out anaerobic capacity tests on cycle ergometers - A comparative study on men and women
Article
Full-text available
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Effect of oxygen breathing following submaximal and maximal exercise on recovery and performance
Article
  • Jul 1992
To determine whether supplemental oxygen following exercise hastens recovery or enhances subsequent performance we evaluated its effectiveness in 13 male athletes. The exercise periods consisted of two 5-min submaximal efforts on a treadmill ergometer followed by a single bout to exhaustion. Intervals of exercise were separated by a 4-min recovery period during which the subject breathed either 1) room air, 2) 100% oxygen, or 3) 2 min of 100% oxygen followed by 2 min of room air on three nonconsecutive days. We found that breathing 100% oxygen produced no significant difference on the recovery kinetics of minute ventilation or heart rate, or improvement in subsequent performance as measured by duration of exercise (3.33 +/- 0.04 min, air vs 3.46 +/- 0.03, oxygen) and peak VO2 (59.9 +/- 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, air vs 54.5 +/- 2.2, oxygen). In addition, the perceived magnitude of exertion estimated by the Borg scale was no different during oxygen breathing. These findings offer no support for the use of supplemental oxygen in athletic events requiring short intervals of submaximal or maximal exertion.
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The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity
Article
  • Nov 1987
The Wingate anaerobic test was developed at the Department of Research and Sport Medicine of the Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sport, Israel, during the mid- and late 1970s. Since the introduction in 1974 of its prototype (Ayalon et al. 1974), the Wingate anaerobic test has been used in various laboratories, both as a test that assesses anaerobic performance and as a standardised task that can help analyse responses to supramaximal exercise. The test was designed to be simple to administer, without the need for particularly skilled personnel; inexpensive; used with commonly available equipment, such as the Monark or similar mechanical cycle ergometers; non-invasive; measure muscle performance rather than indirect (biochemical or physiological) variables; feasible for administration to a wide spectrum of the population, including young children and the physically disabled; and, on the assumption that anaerobic performance is a local rather than a systemic characteristic, the test should be applicable to the upper and lower limbs alike. In addition, the test should qualify as objective, reliable, valid, sensitive to improvement or deterioration in anaerobic performance, and specific in reflecting anaerobic performance rather than fitness in general. The new anaerobic test was not designed to be used for the study of basic issues of muscle contractility and muscle fatigue, nor to replace biochemical or histochemical analyses of anaerobic metabolism. The purpose of this article is to review and update some characteristics of the Wingate anaerobic test and the gradual evolution in protocols and interpretation of results. Emphasis will be given to the test's reliability and validity. Data will be presented, based on published and unpublished observations from the author's laboratories at the Wingate Institute and McMaster University, as well as on findings from other laboratories. This review does not analyse all aspects of the Wingate anaerobic test. Some methodological issues have been omitted, as well as issues related to the sensitivity, specificity and applicability of the test; nor does the review include discussion of normative data.
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