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AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA – CURRENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES
Abstract
Macedonia needs a balance between the goals of economic progress, social development and environmental protection. The basic reasons for this lies in the decrease of the exporting competitiveness of the Macedonian agricultural sector. This negative tendency results in losing the export markets, and also in a strong pressure put by the foreign producers. What is known is that Macedonia has strong comparative advantages when it comes to food producing. Those comparative advantages have to be supported by enhancing the competitive advantages the main purpose of which would be enabling more dynamic export of high-quality agricultural products from Macedonia.
... In the first years of transition, agriculture was a big contributor to the GDP, but since 2002 the contributions to GDP are continuing to drop. In the article of (Kjosev, 2009), the agriculture sector in the Republic of Macedonia is analyzed with the situation at that moment and development perspectives. In 2012, the agricultural land of Macedonia was about 44.3% of land area, according to data from the World Bank website 8 . ...
The main objective of this paper is to present and analyze the evolution of the main contributors to GDP in the transition countries: Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova and to compare them with the main contributors to GDP in the developed country of Austria.
We will take a look at the Gross Domestic Product and its main contributors (agriculture, industry and services). Following the analysis of the statistical data, conclusions will be drawn regarding the situation of the economy in each country.
Computer software tool R is used in the study.
In this article, the author considers the effect of brand names on demand by examining the price ratios of used twin automobiles. Twins usually are made in the same plant and have essentially the same physical attributes but different brand names. If the models of a twin pair are perceived as perfect substitutes, their relative price should equal unity. Brand names could cause the demand for twin models to differ if consumers use the brand names to make inferences about unobservable quality. Consumers also might prefer one brand to another for prestige or status. The relative prices of most of the twin pairs in the sample differ from unity, which implies that consumers do not perceive the twin models to be perfect substitutes. Parent-brand quality and other brand factors are related to the relative prices of the twin pairs. The results suggest that consumers rely on information about the parent brand to make inferences about individual products that carry the parent name. The results have implications for firms’ branding policies.
Hauser and Shugan's DEFENDER model is estimated with data obtained from supermarket scanning devices. As a result of that estimation, per dollar multidimensional brand maps are obtained from aggregate sales and price time series data. The estimation procedure employs least squares regression analysis. The maps enable a researcher or brand manager to (1) derive a map from observed choice behavior, (2) study the direct effect of both a brand's price and a brand's position on that brand's sales, (3) obtain statistical measures of accuracy for the estimated brand coordinates, and (4) integrate the traditional cross-price elasticity interpretation of substitutability with perceptual mapping. Actual maps are estimated for three product categories (toothpaste, mouthwash, and dishwashing liquid). Preliminary findings are presented. For example, brands produced by the same manufacturer are often in proximity.
The authors develop a conceptual framework of the marketing–finance interface and discuss its implications for the theory and practice of marketing. The framework proposes that marketing is concerned with the task of developing and managing market-based assets, or assets that arise from the commingling of the firm with entities in its external environment. Examples of market-based assets include customer relationships, channel relationships, and partner relationships. Market-based assets, in turn, increase shareholder value by accelerating and enhancing cash flows, lowering the volatility and vulnerability of cash flows, and increasing the residual value of cash flows.
This book covers all the latest advances, as well as more established methods, in the application of statistical and optimisation methods within modern industry. These include applications from a range of industries that include micro-electronics, chemical, automotive, engineering, food, component assembly, household goods and plastics. Methods range from basic graphical approaches to generalised modelling, from designed experiments to process control. Solutions cover produce and process design, through manufacture to packaging and delivery, from single responses to multivariate problems.
Drawing on resource-based theory, the authors examine the extent to which firms redeploy three key marketing resources (brands, sales forces, and general marketing expertise) following horizontal acquisitions. Results from a survey of 253 acquisitions show that highly immobile resources are more likely than less immobile resources to be redeployed. Furthermore, resources tend to be redeployed from the acquirer to the target more often than in the reverse direction. Finally, the effects of redeployment on subsequent product costs, product quality, product line breadth, geographic market coverage, market share, and profitability are examined. Cost-based synergies were minimally affected, but revenue-based synergies and overall firm performance were significantly influenced.
Recent advances in statistical methods for meta-analysis help reviewers to identify systematic variation in research results.