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Utilities deprivation dynamics and energy sector reforms in seven European countries
Abstract and Figures
In the late 1990s many European countries started comprehensive restructuring of their energy industries. The typical ingredients of the reforms are full or partial privatization, vertical disintegration, liberalization. In this paper we focus on the way in which energy sector reforms affect social affordability. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of energy reforms on the household probability of experiencing utilities deprivation (that is, to be unable to pay scheduled utility bills) in seven European Countries: Denmark, Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands and Spain. The period of analysis is 1994-2001. We also explore the dynamics of utilities deprivations focusing on the causes behind deprivation persistence. We differentiate between household heterogeneity and true state dependence. Then, controlling for observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we use the magnitude of average partial effects to investigate the relevance of any state dependence and the impact of energy sector reforms on the probability of experiencing utilities deprivations and on state dependence. We find evidence that vertical disintegration in the energy sector and privatization increase the household probability of experiencing utilities deprivation. Moreover, vertical disintegration also increases the household persistence in the status of deprivation.
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The energy market liberalisation process in Europe is increasingly focused on electricity market integration and related cross border issues. This signals that the liberalisation of national electricity markets is now closer to the long-term objective of a single European energy market. The interface between the national electricity markets requires physical interconnections and technical arrangements. However, further progress towards this objective also raises important issues regarding the framework within which the integrated market is implemented. This paper reviews the progress towards a single European electricity market. We then discuss the emerging issues of market concentration, investments, and security of supply as well as some aspects of market design and regulation that are crucial for dynamic performance of a single European market.
'Whether a casual student of the subject or a specialist on utility privatization and regulation, this book captures the attention of the reader with a structure for each of the 10 chapters that takes one through a succinct yet informative background, thereby setting the tone for understanding the authors' hypothesis and conclusions, regardless of whether one agrees with them. In summary, this is a timely, well-written book that makes a relatively novel contribution to the aftermath assessment of utility privatization and regulation in some Latin American and European countries.' - Sergio Galina-Hidalgo, The Journal of Energy and Development. Latin American countries have now privatized a large number of their utility industries and make more use of market approaches to delivery through networks. Privatization has major consequences for efficiency, long-term growth, consumer welfare and income distribution but insufficient attention has been paid to the direct effect on consumers of regulation and the introduction of competition. This book assesses how reform processes can be improved, particularly in the light of experience in some Latin American and European countries. © UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) 2003. All rights reserved.
This article re-examines the relation between privatisation and economic growth. Previous studies that have attempted to measure this relationship have concluded that privatisation has had a sizeable positive effect on economic growth. Our study uses data for 63 developing countries over the time period 1988-97. It uses the framework of an extreme-bounds analysis (EBA) to conduct a cross-country growth regression analysis. Our findings contradict earlier results, but reaffirm the view that effective competition and its regulation may need to accompany privatisation to make a positive impact on economic growth.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the causes leading to social exclusion dynamics. In particular, we wish to understand
why an individual experiencing social exclusion today is much more likely to experience it again. In fact, there are two distinct
processes that may generate a persistence of social exclusion: Heterogeneity (individuals are heterogeneous with respect to
some observed and/or unobserved adverse characteristics that are relevant to experiencing social exclusion and persist over
time) and true state dependence (experiencing social exclusion in a specific time period, in itself, increases the probability
of undergoing social exclusion in subsequent periods). Distinguishing between the two processes is crucial since the policy
implications are very different. The results suggest that both individual heterogeneity and true state dependence are related
to the probability of experiencing social exclusion.
Privatization and poverty: the distributional impact of utility privatizationLiberalization and vertical integration in electric utilities: evidence from a sample of Italian local public firmsPrivatization in Africa
- K Bayliss
- E Beccio
- M Piacenza
Bayliss, K. (2002) “Privatization and poverty: the distributional impact of utility privatization”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol. 73, pp. 603-625 Beccio, E., and Piacenza, M. (2004) “Liberalization and vertical integration in electric utilities: evidence from a sample of Italian local public firms”, Economia Pubblica, 6, pp. 1-27 Campbell-White, O. and Bhatia, A. (1998) “Privatization in Africa”, World Bank IBRD, Washington D.C
Managing the privatization and restructuring of public utilities (water, gas, electricity)
ILO, 1998 " Managing the privatization and restructuring of public utilities (water, gas, electricity) ", Geneva