... Some vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid, which was suggested to increase intestinal permeability and be detrimental for arthritogenic pathologies [21][22][23][24][25][26]. In contrast, other nutrients have been suggested to offer numerous health benefits [27], including long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) (chia seeds, flaxseeds, fatty fish) [28][29][30][31][32], monounsaturated FA (MUFA) (avocado, sesame) [33,34], antioxidants [35], phytochemicals [36], flavonoids [37,38], vitamin D [39], fruits with enzymatic proteins such as papain and bromelain (papaya, mango, pineapple) [40][41][42], ginger [43], turmeric [44,45], black pepper [46,47], green tea [48][49][50], and legumes [46,51]. However, only a few randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials have attempted to determine whether supplementation with these ingredients [31,34,35,37,38,43] or probiotics [52,53] are beneficial in RA patients. ...