... Follow an ecological approach for pollinator disease management Brosi, Delaplane, Boots, & de Roode, 2017 Landscape level approaches Gemmill-Herren and Ochieng, 2008;Nicholson, Koh, Richardson, Beauchemin, & Ricketts, 2017 Adoption of organic farming practices Hodgson, Kunin, Thomas, Benton, & Gabriel, 2010;Power, Kelly, & Stout, 2012 Habitat management strategies Garibaldi, Requier, Rollin, & Andersson, 2017;Marja et al., 2014 Intercropping in annual and Agroforestry Systems Pereira, Taques, Valim, Madureira & Campos, 2015;Tomazella, Jacques, Lira, & Silveira, 2018 Hedgerows, alley crops, and field boundaries Long, Garbach, & Morandin, 2017;Tsonkova, Böhm, Quinkenstein, & Freese, 2012 Insectary plants, planting strips and cover crops to attract pollinators Arakaki et al., 2013;Tschumi, 2015;Wilson et al., 2018 industry in Hawaii as part of its field research operations showed that of the 90-plus pesticide formulations used, over 20 pesticides posed a threat to bee populations, as indicated on their respective pesticide labels, such as for chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and cyhalothrin (Maini, Medrzycki, & Porrini, 2010). Because thousands of pesticide applications are made year-round on several islands of Hawaii, almost on a daily basis, it is likely that bees and other pollinators are exposed to a year-round cocktail of pesticide residues (Valenzuela, 2013(Valenzuela, , 2016. ...