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Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation

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Marco Festa-Bianchet at Université de Sherbrooke
Marco Festa-Bianchet
Marco Apollonio at University of Sassari - Italy
Marco Apollonio
  • University of Sassari - Italy
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Abstract

Efforts to conserve wildlife populations and preserve biological diversity are often hampered by an inadequate understanding of animal behavior. How do animals react to gaps in forested lands, or to sport hunters? Do individual differences—in age, sex, size, past experience—affect how an animal reacts to a given situation? Differences in individual behavior may determine the success or failure of a conservation initiative, yet they are rarely considered when strategies and policies are developed. Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation explores how knowledge of animal behavior may help increase the effectiveness of conservation programs. The book brings together conservation biologists, wildlife managers, and academics from around the world to examine the importance of general principles, the role played by specific characteristics of different species, and the importance of considering the behavior of individuals and the strategies they adopt to maximize fitness.Each chapter begins by looking at the theoretical foundations of a topic, and follows with an exploration of its practical implications. A concluding chapter considers possible future contributions of research in animal behavior to wildlife conservation.
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Article
Full-text available
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... Background Conservation biologists have long recognized the importance of establishing protected areas to facilitate population persistence of wildlife in landscapes that are threatened by increasing human encroachment, habitat fragmentation, and habitat loss [1][2][3][4]. However, efforts to conserve wildlife and preserve biodiversity often are based on an incomplete understanding of animal movement as well as variability in movement patterns among groups or populations that the areas are meant to protect [5]. While a number of studies have demonstrated the relevance of incorporating movement, particularly animal foraging and home range size, into protected area design [6][7][8][9], integration between the disciplines of conservation biology and movement (coined "conservation behavior") is limited [10,11]. ...
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Article
Full-text available
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Full-text available
  • Dec 2021
The growing field of conservation and wild animal ethics has the potential to guide practitioners facing difficult management decisions. Drawing from previously established rights frameworks, we explore an applied ethic for wildlife managers and conservationists, outlining when there can be ethical justification and moral obligation to intervene with wildlife. To demonstrate the use of this ethical framework, we apply it specifically to the emerging field of behavioral training in wildlife management. We use a series of case studies to illuminate how ecological context is fundamental to ascertain when there is ethical justification for behavioral training under the framework, and conclude with practical considerations for implementation. Our work explains how a rights‐based ethic emerges from both biological principles and fundamental philosophical concepts, and illustrates how it could serve as a useful guideline for wildlife management.
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Population size and diurnal activity patterns of Bohor reedbuck (Redunca redunca Pallas, 1767) in the compound of Alage Agricultural College, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2023
Bohor reedbuck is a medium-sized, even-toed ungulate species endemic to Africa. Its population is gradually declining, and an estimation of Meta populations is required to determine its current population status and as an input for conservation action. To this end, this study aimed to investigate this species’ population size and diurnal activity patterns in the compound of Alage Agricultural College, Central rift valley of Ethiopia. A total count was conducted to determine the population size of Bohor reedbuck by dividing the study area into different blocks. Continuous focal animal observations were used to collect data on activity patterns by recording group activities with five minutes intervals. The results revealed that the mean population size of Bohor reedbuck counted during the study period was (SE) with a density of 1.74 per km ² . Females formed the dominant group in the population. From the mean total population size of Bohor reedbucks, 47.42% were adults. The mean group size of Bohor reedbuck was (SE). Feeding ( , 45.81%) was the dominant mean diurnal activity pattern of Bohor reedbuck, followed by Resting ( , 31.91%), whereas grooming ( , 3.51%) was the least performed activity. There was a significant difference between the diurnal activities performed by Bohor reedbuck ( ). The studied compound is an important refuge for this species, and minimum management interference can increase the population size of Bohor reedbuck in the area.
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Introduction: the whys and the hows of conservation behavior
Chapter
  • Apr 2016
Conservation behavior assists the investigation of species endangerment associated with managing animals impacted by anthropogenic activities. It employs a theoretical framework that examines the mechanisms, development, function, and phylogeny of behavior variation in order to develop practical tools for preventing biodiversity loss and extinction. Developed from a symposium held at the International Congress on Conservation Biology in 2011, this is the first book to offer an in-depth, logical framework that identifies three vital areas for understanding conservation behavior: anthropogenic threats to wildlife, conservation and management protocols, and indicators of anthropogenic threats. Bridging the gap between behavioral ecology and conservation biology, this volume ascertains key links between the fields, explores the theoretical foundations of these linkages, and connects them to practical wildlife management tools and concise applicable advice. Adopting a clear and structured approach throughout, this book is a vital resource for graduate students, academic researchers, and wildlife managers.
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Artificial selection in human‐wildlife feeding interactions
Article
Full-text available
The artificial selection of traits in wildlife populations through hunting and fishing has been well documented. However, despite their rising popularity, the role that artificial selection may play in non‐extractive wildlife activities, for example, recreational feeding activities, remains unknown. If only a subset of a population takes advantage of human‐wildlife feeding interactions, and if this results in different fitness advantages for these individuals, then artificial selection may be at work. We have tested this hypothesis using a wild fallow deer population living at the edge of a capital city as our model population. In contrast to previous assumptions on the randomness of human‐wildlife feeding interactions, we found that a limited non‐random portion of an entire population is continuously engaging with people. We found that the willingness to beg for food from humans exists on a continuum of inter‐individual repeatable behaviour; which ranges from risk‐taking individuals repeatedly seeking and obtaining food, to shyer individuals avoiding human contact and not receiving food at all, despite all individuals having received equal exposure to human presence from birth and coexisting in the same herds together. Bolder individuals obtain significantly more food directly from humans, resulting in early interception of food offerings and preventing other individuals from obtaining supplemental feeding. Those females that beg consistently also produce significantly heavier fawns (300–500 g heavier), which may provide their offspring with a survival advantage. This indicates that these interactions result in disparity in diet and nutrition across the population, impacting associated physiology and reproduction, and may result in artificial selection of the begging behavioural trait. This is the first time that this consistent variation in behaviour and its potential link to artificial selection has been identified in a wildlife population and reveals new potential effects of human‐wildlife feeding interactions in other species across both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
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Environmental and anthropogenic influences of movement and foraging in a critically endangered lemur species, Propithecus tattersalli: implications for habitat conservation planning
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Oct 2021
Background Wildlife conservation often focuses on establishing protected areas, however, these conservation zones are frequently developed without adequate knowledge of the movement patterns of the species they are designed to protect. Understanding movement and foraging patterns of species in dynamic and diverse habitats can allow managers to develop more effective conservation plans. Threatened lemurs in Madagascar are an example where management plans and protected areas are typically created to encompass large, remaining forests rather than the resource needs of the target species. Methods To gain an understanding of golden-crowned sifaka ( Propithecus tattersalli ) movement patterns, including space use and habitat selection, across their range of inhabited forest types, we combined behavior data with Dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models and Resource Selection Functions. We also examined the influence of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors on home range size, movement rates, and foraging patterns. ResultsWe found that home range size and movement rates differed between seasons, with increased core area size and movement in the rainy season. Forest type also played a role in foraging behavior with lemur groups in humid forest avoiding roads in both seasons, groups in the dry deciduous forest avoiding road networks in the rainy season, and groups in the moderate evergreen forest displaying no selection or avoidance of road networks while foraging. Conclusion Our study illustrates the importance of studying primate groups across seasons as well as across forest types, as developing conservation plans as a single snapshot can give an inaccurate assessment of their natural behavior and resources needs. More specifically, by understanding how forest type influences golden-crowned sifaka movement and foraging behavior, we can make conservation management plans specific to the individual forest types they inhabit (humid, moderate evergreen, dry deciduous, littoral, etc.), rather than the region as a whole.
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An FAO Perspective Jelle Bruinsma
  • Jan 2003
  • World Agriculture
World Agriculture: towards 2015/2030. An FAO Perspective Jelle Bruinsma, ed. Earthscan Publications, Ltd., London, 2003 304pp $55.00 ISBN:1 85383 007 7
A Commodity-by-Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices
  • Jan 2003
  • 482-517
  • World Agriculture
  • The Environment
World Agriculture and the Environment: A Commodity-by-Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices Jason Clay Island Press, Washington, D.C., 2003 482pp $35.00 ISBN:1 55963 370 0
How Earth's Species Can Survive in the Midst of Human
  • Jan 2003
  • 240-262
  • Win-Win Ecology
Win-Win Ecology: How Earth's Species Can Survive in the Midst of Human Enterprise Michael Rosenzweig Oxford University Press, New York, 2003 240pp $22.50 ISBN:0 19 515604 8