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La "Nueva" organización del desgobierno / Alejandro Nieto
Abstract
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... By virtue of its embeddedness in a gatekeeping and a bureaucratic agency, the interactional practices examined share multiple traits with interactions in analogous settings: their fundamentally non-egalitarian nature; the employees' assumption of clients' familiarity with the institutional game; the institutional overlooking of pre-interactional inequalities of capitals, and of the differential access of actors to the mobilisation of effective resources; the divergence in actors' agendas; the rigid and routine character of institutional discourse; the impersonal ethos; and the defining asymmetries in pragmatic possibilities for interaction, among others. As communication taking place in a Spanish bureaucracy, the forms of talk documented also echo traditional ways of enacting a bureaucrat's role (Nieto, 1996). The almighty and tyrant Spanish civil servant is a familiar image to many. ...
... By virtue of its embeddedness in a gatekeeping and bureaucratic agency, the interactional practices examined share multiple traits with interactions in analogous settings: their fundamentally non-egalitarian nature; the employees' assumption of clients' familiarity with the institutional game; the institutional overlooking of pre-interactional inequalities of capitals, and of the differential access of actors to the mobilization of effective resources; the divergence in actors' agendas; the rigid and routine character of institutional discourse; the impersonal ethos; and the defining asymmetries in pragmatic possibilities for interaction, among others. As communication taking place in a Spanish bureaucracy, the forms of talk documented also echo traditional ways of enacting a bureaucrat's role (Nieto, 1996 ). The almighty and tyrant Spanish civil servant is a familiar image to many. ...
This article examines, from a critical and ethnographic sociolinguistic perspective, the socio-discursive practices unfolding at the information desk of a Spanish immigration office in Barcelona. Drawing on a corpus of ethnographic materials and interactional data, the article discusses why frontline communication became constituted as it did, what practical routines and ideological considerations grounded it, and how multiple social and institutional orders intersected in the shaping of practical and symbolic gatekeeping. I claim that, through various micro-strategies of control, evaluation and moral hierarchization, the government employees at this bureaucratic agency enacted the disciplinary and exclusionary regime of the nation-state, and socialized their clients into becoming ‘good’ migrants.
... On the one hand, it is due to the lack of institutional concern about the quality of the legal information provided to migrants, which is not surprising given the gatekeeping mission of this bureaucracy (Codó 2008). On the other, it is related to the traditional understanding in Spanish bureaucracies that a good civil servant is someone who does not trouble managers with his/her work difficulties (Nieto 1996). The following excerpt illustrates precisely that point. ...
The increasing growth of foreign immigration to Spain has changed the communicative reality of various types of institutions. Civil servants, doctors, teachers, social workers and all sorts of service providers face new communicative challenges in their daily professional practice. The changing face and voice of their clientele calls into question habitualised forms of service delivery based on the homogeneity of practices and worldviews (Moyer and Marti ́n Rojo 2007). In this paper, we undertake a comparative study of the multilingual practices observed in two service contexts dealing with transnational migrants in Barcelona: a state legalisation office and a free legal advice service offered by a non-profit organisation. We use various types of interactional, observational and textual data. Our theoretical standpoint is that of critical sociolinguistics (Blommaert 2003; Heller 2007). We problematise the role of language in social life and try to shed light on the ways in which linguistic practices are deeply implicated in processes of stratification and social exclusion. The analysis of our data shows that, in spite of their different social missions and grounding ideologies, the two institutions examined reproduce hegemonic stances towards service communication which problematise multilingualism and ignore the exclusionary effects that overlooking communication-related matters have for certain groups of migrants. Both organisations assume Spanish to be the normal, logical and natural language of communication and neglect the need for more fluid and unproblematising forms of multilingual practice.
... Por otro lado, destaca la relación positiva entre ocupaciones directivas y contratación temporal observada en el sector público, de sentido opuesto a la existente en el sector privado. El modelo de función directiva en el sector público español, basado en la discrecionalidad política de los nombramientos (Nieto, 1996), se reflejaría en la contratación temporal, en contraste con la función directiva profesionalizada existente en el sector privado. Empleo público y temporalidad: ¿Es el empleo público parte del problema? ...
... Por otro lado, destaca la relación positiva entre ocupaciones directivas y contratación temporal observada en el sector público, de sentido opuesto a la existente en el sector privado. El modelo de función directiva en el sector público español, basado en la discrecionalidad política de los nombramientos (Nieto, 1996), se reflejaría en la contratación temporal, en contraste con la función directiva profesionalizada existente en el sector privado. Empleo público y temporalidad: ¿Es el empleo público parte del problema? ...
En los últimos años, las políticas de empleo en España han perseguido reducir la elevada temporalidad, dados los costes sociales que conlleva. Sin embargo, mientras entre 1995 y 2008 la temporalidad ha disminuido en el sector privado, se ha incrementado notablemente en el sector público. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las políticas de contratación de empleo público en España y sus repercusiones sobre la estabilidad laboral. La evidencia empírica muestra como, corrigiendo los efectos de determinadas carac-terísticas de los empleados y de los puestos de trabajo, ser asalariado del sector público implica una mayor probabilidad de tener un empleo temporal. Asimismo, se observa cómo los factores que inciden en la toma de decisiones acerca de la modalidad de contratación siguen en el sector público ciertos patrones diferenciados de los del sector privado. Ante las restricciones normativas a la contratación de personal funcionario, el sector público habría recurrido al empleo temporal como mecanismo de flexibilidad, con el fin de satis-facer la demanda de servicios. La utilización sistemática de la contratación temporal no justificada por necesidades productivas habría generado una dualidad en el empleo público. Estas políticas resultarían así contradictorias con los objetivos generales de las políticas de empleo en materia de estabilidad laboral y podrían llegar a cuestionar valores fundamentales característicos del sector público.
ABSTRACT
In the past years in Spain, the employment policies have focused to reduce the increased temporality in jobs because of its social costs. Yet, while during 1995 and 2008 temporary jobs have decreased in the Spanish Private Sector, such type of employment has increased notably in the Public Sector. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the policies as regards the hiring process in the Public Sector in Spain and its direct implications to labour stability. The empirical evidence shows how, changing some employees' effects and job's characteristics, being a wage earner in the Public Sector means having a temporary job. Also, we analyse what type of conditions influence the decision making as regards the hiring processes in the Public Sector which are completely different from those processes in the Private Sector. Taking into account the law's restriction to hire civil servants, the Public Sector uses temporary work as a flexibility mechanism with the aim to meet the demand for services. The temporary work is the rule not the exception and it is not justified under the current productive needs in the Public Sector. These policies are paradoxical to the general employment policies' objectives of labour stability and could question some fundamental Public Sector's values.
El presente trabajo utiliza el símil médico para repasar la desvertebración de nuestra función pública, tradicionalmente organizada en torno al «cuerpo», que determinaba la retribución y la carrera profesional del funcionariado. La «metástasis» o propagación de los cuerpos especiales ocasionó unas «patologías» que pugnaban contra el interés público. La Ley de Medidas para la Reforma de la Función Pública de 1984 apostó por «extirpar», sin intentar curar sus «males», la institución del «cuerpo», elevando el «puesto de trabajo» a la categoría de «anticuerpo» determinante de la retribución y de la carrera administrativa. El vigente Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público potencia la misma «terapia», mermando la objetividad e imparcialidad del funcionariado de «carrera», que pasará a serlo de «empleo», y –al igual que el funcionariado interino– sin «cuerpo».
Derecho a la educación y el impacto del Covid-19 sobre este en COlombia.
study seeks to shed light on the ways service providers carry out practices of categorization and reproduce the institutional order in service encounters. The ability to communicate and negotiate meaning with officials is a key resource for persons whose lives depend on the outcome of the exchanges that take place. The reality of the encounters analyzed shows that few immigrants possess the linguistic resources necessary to negotiate the detailed information to contest the treatment dispensed to them by officials. Service providers position themselves through their discursive practices as powerful actors. The power asymmetry of officials is sustained in the interactional routines by their control over institutional information and by practices of negative categorization. The object of this research is to undertake a detailed analysis of the interactional routines of the social actors (i.e., service providers and clients) who participate in the service encounters at the State sub-delegation office in order to find out about how verbal practices instantiate a questionable and fundamentally unequal social order where immigrant-clients have much to lose. This introduction is followed in section two by a brief account of the research site and fieldwork undertaken for the study. A discussion of prototypical bureaucratic discursive practices in the service encounter can be found in section three. Social
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