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The grasses of burma, ceylon, India and Pakistan : excluding Bambuseae / by N. L. Bor
Abstract
Incluye bibliografía e índice
... Characterized by specific traits such as being hermaphroditic, having a straight and simple spike inflorescence with similar spikelets containing more than one floret, an absent lower glume, and a welldeveloped upper glume (Bor, 1960;Chen et al., 2006). These features place this particular genus in the subtribe Loliinae within the supersubtribe Loliodinae (Soreng et al., 2017) of the tribe Poeae (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986;Chen et al., 2006), tribe Festuceae (Bor, 1960) in the subfamily Pooideae of the Poaceae family. ...
... Characterized by specific traits such as being hermaphroditic, having a straight and simple spike inflorescence with similar spikelets containing more than one floret, an absent lower glume, and a welldeveloped upper glume (Bor, 1960;Chen et al., 2006). These features place this particular genus in the subtribe Loliinae within the supersubtribe Loliodinae (Soreng et al., 2017) of the tribe Poeae (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986;Chen et al., 2006), tribe Festuceae (Bor, 1960) in the subfamily Pooideae of the Poaceae family. ...
... During our investigation of grasses in Jammu and Kashmir, specifically in the Kashmir Himalaya during the summer of 2024, we recorded a novel grass population along the roadside of Srinagar, near Dachigam National Park. Fresh specimens were identified through an extensive review of taxonomic literature (Bor, 1960;Terrell, 1968;Kloot, 1983;. To aid in identification, we have provided a detailed species description, including a color photograph of plant specimens in their natural habitat (Fig 1 A -C) and illustrations (Fig 2). ...
During recent fieldwork in Srinagar, Kashmir, we collected Lolium multiflorum Lam., commonly known as annual ryegrass, or Italian rye grass, near Dachigam National Park. This marks the first recor-ded instance of this species in Jammu and Kashmir. We provide a detailed description, habitat information, and illustrations of L. multiflorum Lam., along with a geo-coordinate map of the collection site. This discovery increases the number of Lolium L. taxa in Jammu and Kashmir to three, with most species commonly found in Europe.
... However, hitherto no such comprehensive taxonomic study has been carried out on the genus in India. Bor (1960) who provided an annotated list of the species of the genus in India and neighbouring countries reported 39 species from India. Karthikeyan & al. (1989) included 36 species from India. ...
... Live specimens of most of the species of Eragrostis could be collected, preserved and deposited in MH. The species identity was confirmed mainly with the help of Stapf (1896), Bor (1960), Cope (1982), Moulik (1997), Sreekumar & Nair (1991), Kabeer & Nair (2009) and other important floras, revisions and monographs. Available type material of the species or digital images of types and protologues were consulted. ...
... Distribution: INDIA: Sikkim (Bor, 1960); CHINA, JAPAN and TIBET. ...
The taxonomic revision of the genus Eragrostis Wolf in India recognizes 42 species and 5 varieties. Eragrostis tenella var. peramangalamensis is synonymised under Eragrostis tenella var. tenella. Eragrostis burmanica is reported as an addition to India from the state of Manipur. The morphology, taxonomy, nomenclatural/bibliographic citations, phenology, distribution and ecology of every taxon are discussed along with descriptions, illustrations and key to all the species and varieties.
... Muhlenberg (1756-1817), a pioneer botanist of North American flora. Traditionally, it was placed in the tribe Agrostideae of subfamily Festucoideae (1) or Pooideae (2) or tribe Eragrostideae of subfamily Chloridoideae (3). Whereas, recently on the basis of phylogenetic studies, Muhlenbergia is nested in subtribe Muhlenbergiinae of tribe Cynodonteae (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) (4,5). ...
... According to Hitchcock (1935), it is morphologically highly variable, having species of very diverse habit including annuals to perennials, with rhizomatous to stoloniferous root stock. It is characterized by the presence of membranous ligule, spikelet with single floret, lemma firmer and awned with three prominent nerves (2). It is similar to the genus Sporobolus R.Br. and Agrostis L. in having single flowered spikelets and membranous lemma but differs from former in having awn, 3-nerve in lemma and ligule a line of hairs and from latter in having firmer lemma that are usually longer than the glumes (1-3). ...
... It is similar to the genus Sporobolus R.Br. and Agrostis L. in having single flowered spikelets and membranous lemma but differs from former in having awn, 3-nerve in lemma and ligule a line of hairs and from latter in having firmer lemma that are usually longer than the glumes (1-3). However, molecular data do not support this alignment (5 Bor (1960) included one more species, M. mexicana (L.) Trin. and provided a taxonomic key to diagnose all the four species. ...
The present paper deals with typification for two names in the genus Muhlen-bergia i.e. M. duthieana and M. himalayensis. Furthermore, taxonomy of all Indian species for the same has been provided along with taxonomic key for correct identification.
... In India, Hooker (1897) reported seven species in the genus Agropyron and three species in the genus Elymus. After him, Bor (1960) (Figures 1 and 2). ...
... Elymus nepalensis is so far known only from the type specimens and has been characterized by having minute hairs on spike axis, glumes, lemma, rachilla, and between keels in palea (Bor, 1960). In the protologue, Melderis stated that E. nepalensis seems to have connectives to E. kuramensis (Melderis) Cope but differs from the latter by its scabrid culm under the spike, margin of leaf sheath not long pilose, rachilla shortly hairy, glumes 3-5(6)-nerved, and shortly hairy lemma (Bor, 1960). ...
... Elymus nepalensis is so far known only from the type specimens and has been characterized by having minute hairs on spike axis, glumes, lemma, rachilla, and between keels in palea (Bor, 1960). In the protologue, Melderis stated that E. nepalensis seems to have connectives to E. kuramensis (Melderis) Cope but differs from the latter by its scabrid culm under the spike, margin of leaf sheath not long pilose, rachilla shortly hairy, glumes 3-5(6)-nerved, and shortly hairy lemma (Bor, 1960). However, E. kuramensis have rounded or broadly emarginate palea apex (Cope, 1982) while E. nepalensis have truncate or slightly emarginate palea apex. ...
Elymus nepalensis, which was described from Nepal in the year 1960 and was considered to be endemic to Nepal and known only by the Type collections, has been rediscovered from Dzoukou valley, situated at the border of Manipur and Nagaland, India. The same has been typified with detailed description, illustration, and distribution.
... Bromus L. is nested in the tribe Bromeae Dumort., subfamily Pooideae Benth. of the family Poaceae Barnh. The genus is characterized by leaf sheaths that are closed for most of their length, awns inserted subapically in lemma and ovary hairy at the apex (Bor 1960, Saarela 2014. Globally, the genus comprises of 188 species (WCVP 2022), distributed in temperate regions worldwide (Saarela et al. 2014, Kellogg 2015, Acedo and Llamas 2019. ...
... based on morphological characters of habit, numbers of nerves in glumes and lemma, insertion of awn at lemma apex and rachilla in Bromus kashmirensis (Poaceae), a new species from Kashmir Himalaya, India spikelets. Later, Bor (1960) revised the genus and provided a detailed account with a taxonomic key, but he did not attribute to them the rank of sections. In 1961, Tournay, based on morphological traits, reviewed the nomenclature of the genus Bromus and transferred sect. ...
... Morphological comparison among related species was performed based on herbarium specimens from BSD, CAL, CDRI, CIMAP, DD, K, KASH and LWG, as well as specimens collected by ourselves (Yadav et al. unpubl.). In order to identify specimens, various regional, local, national and international floras, as well as other relevant literature were also consulted (Hooker 1897, Nevski and Sochava 1934, Bor 1960, Singh and Kachroo 1976, Sharma and Kachroo 1981, Cope 1982, Kapur and Sarin 1990, Navachoo and Kachroo 1995, Shukla 1996, Swami and Gupta 1997, Noltie 2000, Pavlick and Anderton 2007, Naderi and Rahiminejad 2015. ...
Bromus kashmirensis, a new species of Bromus (Poaceae) from western Himalaya in Baramulla district of Kashmir Himalaya, India, is described and illustrated here. The new species is similar to B. ramosus and B. benekenii but differs in morphological characters of leaf sheath, ligule, lemma and anthers. Data on distribution, habitat and phenology is given along with photo plates and illustrations.
... In India, Calamagrostis s. str. comprises about 22 species which are mainly confined to Himalayan region (Bor 1960;Paszko 2012a;Paszko and Soreng 2013;Kellogg et al. 2020;Prasad et al. 2021) and formed several species complexes such as the C. emodensis Griseb. complex, the C. epigeios (L.) Roth complex, the C. lahulensis G. Singh-C. ...
... C. lahulensis-C. scabrescens complex is characterized by the presence of rachilla with penicillate hairs which is as long as or more than the length of lemma, callus hairs shorter than half of the length of lemma and awn inserted 2/3 rd from base to near the tip on the dorsal side of lemma (Bor 1960;Paszko 2014aPaszko 2015Paszko , 2016. ...
... Furthermore, it has been documented in the updated checklist of grasses of Uttarakhand, India (Kandwal and Gupta 2009). The diagnosis and keys, provided by Bor (1940Bor ( , 1960, Shukla (1996) and Noltie (2000), are overlapping with C. elatior, C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens, therefore, do not adequately segregate C. nagarum from them. Although the morphological descriptions provided by Bor (1940) and Shukla (1996) exactly correspond to C. nagarum, the features of panicles, narrow and up to 07 cm long, provided by Noltie (2000), have created confusion for the species identity. ...
Calamagrostis nagarum, previously considered to be a poorly known species, has been reassessed taxonomically. It is a member of C. lahulensis-C. scabrescens complex and may be segregated by morphological characters such as the presence of pilose hairs on adaxial surface of leaf blades, spreading panicle branches, filiform awn and nerve prolongation of lemma. Besides, the micromorphology of adaxial surface of leaf blades, dorsal surface of glume and lemma differentiates Calamagrostis nagarum from its allies, C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens. It is known from Nagaland and Uttarakhand, India, and Bhutan. In this study, we have provided an emended description of the species, a discussion of its habitat and distribution, and taxonomic notes along with field photographs and photo plates for its correct identification. In addition, we also lectotypify the names C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens.
... The genus Garnotia Brongn., belongs to the tribe Arundinelleae (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986;Chen et al., 2006) or tribe Garnotieae (Bor, 1960), within the supertribe Andropogonodae (Soreng et al., 2017) of the subfamily Pooideae in the family Poaceae and comprises approximately 29 species worldwide, with the native range in Oman, Indian subcontinent to China and SW Malesia (POWO, 2024;Gould, 1972;Veldkamp, Teerawatananon & Sungkaew, 2015). In India, 13 taxa (12 species and 1 variety) occur and G. tenella is a widely distributed asiatic species (Prasanna, Chowdary & Arumugam, 2020). ...
... ex Miq.,) Janowski. It is closely related to G. fergusonii however, differs in having glabrous leaves; membranous ligule, and ascending contracted panicle (Bor, 1960). It is a widespread species distributed almost throughout India at an altitudinal range of 200-2000m (Ved Prakash & Jain, 1979. ...
Garnotia tenella a grass of moist rocky slopes of medium to high altitudes, has been documented for the first time from Himachal Pradesh, India. The genus Garnotia Brongn is also a new record for the flora of Himachal Pradesh. This communication provides detailed description, illustration, colour photograph, geo-coordinates map, phenology, habitat and the distribution of the genus.
... Further microscopic examination of the spikelets reveals a long and straight awn inserted in the bi-lobed lemma, which is rounded on the backside, has a fleshy appendage above the style insertion, and is pubescent at its apex, remaining persistent in the caryopsis. Consultation of relevant taxonomic literature (Bor, 1960;Gill & Carstairs 1988;Saarela et al., 2014) revealed that the grass was Bromus diandrus Roth. Bromus L. is recognized as a large and taxonomically troublesome grass genus, comprising around 160 species (WCVP, 2024) distributed across temperate regions worldwide (Saarela et al., 2014). ...
... Bromus L. is recognized as a large and taxonomically troublesome grass genus, comprising around 160 species (WCVP, 2024) distributed across temperate regions worldwide (Saarela et al., 2014). It belongs to the tribe Bromeae (Bor, 1960;Chen et al., 2006;Clayton & Renvoize 1986) within the supertribe Triticodae (Soreng et al., 2017) of the subfamily Pooideae of the Poaceae family. Interestingly, out of the 22 taxa (Prasanna et al., 2020) of Bromus L. found in India, 16 taxa (Kellogg et al., 2020) were recorded in Jammu and Kashmir. ...
Bromus diandrus Roth has been recorded for the first time in Jammu & Kashmir, India,
where its distribution was previously known only in Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This new finding
raises the number of Bromus L. taxa in Jammu and Kashmir to seventeen. A detailed description, habitat,
and illustrations of B. diandrus are provided, along with a geo-coordinate map showing the collection site.
... Hooker (1896) described three species of the genus from the erstwhile British India. Bor (1960), Karthikeyan & al., (1989) and Moulik (1997) reported this genus from Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of the India. Delmail & Hilaire (2011) added Muhlenbergia fasciculata to Indian flora from Nagaland. ...
... All related information and images available in the online herbarium catalogues of various international herbaria such as B, BM, BRI, C, E, FI, G, K, LD, L, LE, LINN, MO, NTM, NY, P, UPS, and W were also studied. The all available herbarium specimens are determined by Bor (1960), Cope (1982), Sreekumar & Nair (1991), Moulik (1997), Kellogg & al. (2020), and Prasanna & al. (2020), and other relevant, significant floras, revisions and monographs. The type specimens of the species housed at MH, CAL and the digital images of types available online and the pertinent protologues were also referred. ...
The taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia in India recognized 6 species including the newly described species Muhlenbergia rakhchamensis and M. myanmarensis. The present revision provides detailed information on the morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature, phenology, and distribution of each species along with illustrations and a key to all the species.
... Calamagrostis emodensis ( Figure 3) is regarded as a very distinctive species in the section Calamagrostis, and it is quite easy to distinguish from the members of the C. pseudophragmites complex. It is usually characterized by having a five-veined lemma with a deeply two-toothed apex, awn 5-9 mm arising between teeth, relatively broad leaf blades, a nodding panicle (Figure 3), and its florets containing one stamen with a single plump anther (Bor, 1960;. Calamagrostis emodensis differs from C. pseudophragmites complex by relative awn insertion on the lemma (exerted between deep teeth above the midpoint versus apical or subapical), longer awns (5.0-8.5 mm versus 1-4 mm), shorter leaf ligules (0.5-4.0 mm versus 2-26 mm) and shorter anthers (0.6-1.1 mm versus 1.0-2.3 ...
... Calamagrostis emodensis extends from the Himalaya Shan through Southwest China (Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan) to central China, Shaanxi, and southern Gansu. It was known hitherto from Nepal, Bhutan, China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), India (Himachal Pradesh (disputed area), Jammu & Kashmir (disputed area), Sikkim, Uttarakhand), and Pakistan (Hazara) (Bor, 1960;Cope, 1982;Noltie, 2000;Press et al., 2000). e first locality of C. emodensis has recently been recorded from Kachin State in Northeast Myanmar (Burma) by Paszko (in Nobis et al., 2014). ...
This paper presents new data on the occurrence of 16 vascular plant species from five Eurasian countries obtained during field explorations, as well as during taxonomic revisions of herbarium materials. Five taxa ( Draba fladnizensis , Gentiana orbicularis , Helianthus giganteus , Symphyotrichum cordifolium , Thalictrum alpinum ) are recorded for the first time from Poland, five ( Achnatherum jacquemontii , Arrhenatherum elatius , Dittrichia graveolens , Geranium pyrenaicum , Stipa × balkanabatica ) from Tajikistan, three ( Achnatherum sibiricum , Asyneuma thomsonii , Stipa × balkanabatica ) from Kyrgyzstan, one ( Orobanche bartlingii ) from Turkey, one (C alamagrostis obtusata ) from China and one ( Calamagrostis emodensis ) from the Gansu Province in China. In addition, Hieracium piliferum , considered extinct in Poland, was rediscovered. For each species, synonyms, taxonomy with remarks on recognition and differentiation of the species from the most similar taxa occurring in a given area, general distribution, habitat preferences, as well as a list of recorded localities (often far from the previously known areas) are presented. As a result of the morphological comparison of specimens representing Stipa × balkanabatica collected in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan with the type specimen collected from Turkmenistan, we decided to describe a new variety named S . × balkanabatica var. alaiensis M. Nobis & Klichowska, var. nov . Additionally, based on the analysis of phytosociological relevés prepared during field studies in the western Pamir Alai Mts (in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), a new association of chasmophytic plants named Asperulo oppositifoliae – Achnatheretum jacquemontii M. Nobis, Klichowska & A. Nowak, is also described.
... It is widely utilized as a forage crop [12,13]. E. nutans is widely distributed in Central and Eastern Asia and the Himalayas [14][15][16]. Both E. sibiricus and E. nutans are mostly utilized as forage crops or for grassland restoration because of their high yield, high nutritional value, hardness tolerance, and easy cultivation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). ...
... The Y genome also had 4 variants with polymorphic CRs, of which 1Y, 3Y and 5Y were 1, 2 and 1, respectively (Table 1, Fig. S6). The number of variants (18) with polymorphic CRs was higher than the types number (14) of polymorphic CRs because although some materials had the same type of polymorphic CRs, they differed in repetitive FISH patterns. ...
Background
Chromosomal variations have been revealed in both E. sibiricus and E. nutans, but chromosomal structural variations, such as intra-genome translocations and inversions, are still not recognized due to the cytological limitations of previous studies. Furthermore, the syntenic relationship between both species and wheat chromosomes remains unknown.
Results
Fifty-nine single-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, including 22 single-gene probes previously mapped on wheat chromosomes and other newly developed probes from the cDNA of Elymus species, were used to characterize the chromosome homoeologous relationship and collinearity of both E. sibiricus and E. nutans with those of wheat. Eight species-specific chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) were exclusively identified in E. sibiricus, including five pericentric inversions in 1H, 2H, 3H, 6H and 2St; one possible pericentric inversion in 5St; one paracentric inversion in 4St; and one reciprocal 4H/6H translocation. Five species-specific CRs were identified in E. nutans, including one possible pericentric inversion in 2Y, three possible pericentric multiple-inversions in 1H, 2H and 4Y, and one reciprocal 4Y/5Y translocation. Polymorphic CRs were detected in three of the six materials in E. sibiricus, which were mainly represented by inter-genomic translocations. More polymorphic CRs were identified in E. nutans, including duplication and insertion, deletion, pericentric inversion, paracentric inversion, and intra- or inter-genomic translocation in different chromosomes.
Conclusions
The study first identified the cross-species homoeology and the syntenic relationship between E. sibiricus, E. nutans and wheat chromosomes. There are distinct different species-specific CRs between E. sibiricus and E. nutans, which may be due to their different polyploidy processes. The frequencies of intra-species polymorphic CRs in E. nutans were higher than that in E. sibiricus. To conclude, the results provide new insights into genome structure and evolution and will facilitate the utilization of germplasm diversity in both E. sibiricus and E. nutans.
... Bamboos and common grasses are perennial plants belonging to the class Lilliopsida of division Magnoliophyta (Takhtajan, 2009). Grass of this region was studied by Tiwari (1954), Majumdar (1956), Raizada (1975), Bor (1960), Choudhary (1959), Jain et al. (1975), Karthikeyan et al. (1989) and Karthikeyan (2005). During floristic exploration in Uttar Pradesh Chyrsopogon aciculatus (Retz.) ...
... Work included an extensive field exploration during 2019-20 in Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh and plants were collected from different places during the month of April to November (2020). The specimens were identified with the help of different flora (Raizada 1975;Bor, 1960;Choudhary, 1959;Jain et al., 1975). After collection, the plants were kept into vasculum to prevent from wilt. ...
A floristic exploration of the family Poaceae in Uttar Pradesh resulted in the addition of one Bamboo genus viz., Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees and one grass species viz., Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. to the flora of Allahabad (U.P.). A detailed description, updated citation, phenology, habitat and distribution are provided which facilitates easy identification.
... Poa is characterized by having sheath margins variously fused from near the base to near the collar; membranous ligules (sometimes minutely ciliate apically); some of its species having blades adaxially with two central grooves; effuse to very dense, loosely contracted to simple panicles; spikelets laterally compressed, typically with 2-6 florets, without awns; florets usually bisexual; disarticulating above the glumes and below each floret; glumes usually shorter than the lowest floret; lower glume 1-3-nerved, usually at least half as long as the adjacent lemma; rachilla internodes terete; callus smoothly transitional to the lemma, dorsally woolly (infrequently with a crown of hairs) or glabrous; lemma keel glabrous or softly sericeous to villous, rarely scabrous-ciliate, marginal veins usually pubescent if the keel is absent, surface between the nerves glabrous to scabrous or hairy, apex and margins hyaline; palea keels scabrid to semi-pilose or completely pilose; ovary glabrous; caryopsis laterally compressed; hilum < 1/5 the grain in length (Bor 1952b(Bor , c, 1960. Within the genus Poa, Himalayan species are morphologically highly variable and are separated mainly on habit, panicle, the ratio of lower glume to lowest lemma, the texture of lemma surface, spicules and cilia of palea keel and length of anthers (Bor 1952b, 1960, Rajbhandari 1991, Pusalkar and Singh 2012, Nautiyal and Gaur 2017. According to Soreng (1990), many species are probably hybrid in origin and the same assumption was made by Bor (1952b) because apomixis and hybridization, primary cause of high degree of ploidy level, are common in Himalayan Poa (Brožová et al. 2019). ...
... According to Bor (1960), Rajbhandari (1991) and Noltie (2000b), the new species, P. pindariensis is more close to P. falconeri Hook.f., P. grandis Hand.-Mazz. and P. pagophila Bor because of the presence of distinctly shorter lower glume than adjacent lemma (Fig. 1D, 3A, B), lemma surface between nerves pilulose and keel ciliated (Fig. 3E, F and 4B, C), scantly ciliated callus (Fig. 3E, 4B, C) and rigid spicules of palea keel (Fig. 3G, 4D). ...
Poa pindariensis, a newly discovered species of Poa (family Poaceae) from Pindari
Valley, Western Himalaya, is described and illustrated. Within the genus Poa, the new
species belongs to P. subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos, and morphologically similar to P.
trivialis by the sickle shape of lower glume but differs from the latter in characteristic
features of habit, leaf sheath, ligules, panicle and spikelet. Additionally, data on its
distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting are given along with photo plates and
distribution maps.
... Eragrostis is a cosmopolitan genus, largest in the subfamily Chloridoideae with about 423 species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986;Veldkamp, 2002;Ingram, 2010;Giraldo-Canas & al., 2012). According to Bor (1960), there are 39 species of this genus occurring in India and Karthikeyan & al. (1989) considered this number to be 36. With the addition of recently published new species from India (Vivek & al., 2012(Vivek & al., , 2013a(Vivek & al., , 2013b(Vivek & al., & 2013c, now the total infrageneric taxa of this genus in India is 44 species and 9 varieties. ...
The morphology of microhairs on leaf surfaces of 44 Eragrostis species from India is studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the results are presented. Three distinct types of microhairs have been observed viz. chloridoid, panicoid and enneapogon (intermediate) and their features are tabulated
... Recently, some interesting specimen of Eragrostis has been collected from the plains of South Andaman. On critical examination with the literature (Bor, 1960;Karthikeyan et al., 1989;Sreekumar & Nair, 1991;Moulik, 1997;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Kabeer & Nair, 2009;Singh et al., 2014;Murugan et al., 2016), it has been identified as E. cumingii Steud., hitherto not recorded in the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This species is native to Taiwan, presently spread in temperate and tropical Asia, Australasia and North America. ...
The recent record of Eragrostis cumingii Steud. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in addition to its earlier lone authentic report from Kerala in India is discussed with its present distributional status in the country. Its correct nomenclature, description, images and morphological difference with similar species, E. zeylanica Nees & Mey. are also provided
... Two species, C. olivieri and C. parkeri were reported in Iran (Bor 1970;Weiss 1997). Taxonomic identification and species classifying of C. olivieri is very difficult due to the ease of crossbreeding and the existence of a large number of species and races (Bor 1960). Piperitone was the major composition of the essential oil Cymbopogon olivieri (Sonboli et al. 2010;Mahboubi and Kazempour 2012). ...
Cymbopogon olivieri is one of the important species belonging to the family Poaceae. The natural habitat of this plant is tropical regions. In particular, it is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and America. Two species, C. olivieri and C. parkeri have been reported in Iran. The genus has been proven to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties. Taxonomic identification and species classifying of Lemongrass is very difficult due to the ease of cross-breeding and the existence of a large number of species and races. This study aimed to study variations and clustering of 10 Iranian endemic populations of C. olivieri (Boiss.) Bor based on chromosomal and holoploid genome size features. The results of karyotype analysis clearly showed the mixed-ploidy. Among which, six populations were diploids (2n=2x=20), three tetraploids (2n=4x=40), and a hexaploid (2n=6x=60). The mean chromosome length (CL) was determined as 1.87 µm for diploids, 1.73 µm for tetraploids, and 1.25 µm for a hexaploid. The average holoploid genome sizes of the diploids, tetraploids, and a hexaploid were 4.42, 4.64, and 4.91 pg, respectively. These results may provide relevant information for Cymbopogon breeding studies.
... The anti-inflammatory effects of E. colona L. help to modulate inflammatory pathways. [10] This makes it a subject of interest for potential therapeutic applications in conditions involving excessive inflammation. ...
Echinochloa colona L ., commonly known as jungle rice, is a pervasive weed that poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity worldwide. This review explores the comprehensive aspects of the weed, including its biology, ecological status, and intriguing medicinal properties. As a C4 grass species, E. colona L . adapts well to diverse environmental conditions, leading to its wider spread distribution and adverse impact on crop yields. The review begins by delving into the weeds’ morphological and physiological characteristics, shedding light on its life cycle, growth habits, and reproductive mechanisms. The ecological status selection provides insights into E. colona L . global distribution, its impact on different crops, and the mechanisms that contribute to its resilience and adaptability. In addition to its role as a notorious weed, E. colona L . harbors medicinal properties that have been conventionally recognized in various cultures. The review explores the ethnobotanical uses of E. colona L ., emphasizing its potential therapeutic benefits. Phytochemical analyses reveal the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidants and exploration of its medicinal applications. Despite its weed status, understanding the ecological and biological aspects of E. colona L . is crucial for developing effective management strategies. Furthermore, recognizing the medicinal potential of this weed may offer alternative perspectives, fostering research into sustainable uses that could benefit both agriculture and human health. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, agronomists, and pharmacologists, guiding future studies aimed at harnessing the full potential of E. colona L .
... During field surveys at different localities in Tripura since 2014, as a consequence of morpho-taxonomic studies on grasses, the first author came across and collected some notable specimens from the study area. After critical morphological investigation and perusal of relevant authentic literature (Bor, 1940 and1960;Clayton and Renvoize, 1986;Shukla, 1996;Moulik, 1997;Kabeer and Nair, 2009), the specimens were identified as Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth and Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf. ...
... The remarkable work on grasses in India was done by Bor (1941) who published a monograph on grasses of the State Uttar Pradesh, which gave a breakthrough on systematics and ecology of grasses in the other parts of the country as well. In addition, Hooker's work was updated by the outstanding work of Bor (1960) on grasses with a total of 1274 species under 242 genera (excluding bamboos). Majumdar (1973) made an account on the genus Panicum L. in India where he listed 29 species from the country. ...
Members of the family Poaceae, commonly known as grasses and bamboos, are one of the interesting floral components among the monocots owing to their economical and ecological importance. They are also taxonomically very significant due to their distinctive and curious vegetative and floral morphology. Being cosmopolitan in distribution, the family is represented by more than about 12000 species under 771 genera. In India, Poaceae is the largest family with about 1225 species. Earlier contributions on grasses and bamboos from northeastern India, along with current information are reviewed here.
... -Specie aliena casuale nuova per la flora d'Italia (Lombardia). L'identità della specie è stata verificata sulla base di diversi lavori (Bor 1973, Renvoize 1974, Barkworth 2003, Bi-xing, Phillips 2006. Con la presente segnalazione, le specie del genere Chloris presenti in Italia salgono a 4: C. gayana Kunth, C. pycnothrix Trin., C. truncata R.Br. e C. virgata. ...
... Standard taxonomic methods were followed for collection and drying of the plant specimens (Bridson and Forman 1998). Specimens were identified by using relevant taxonomic literature (Hooker 1897, Bor 1960. Macro-morphological characters for field identification of Mallotus species were studied through recent taxonomic revisions (Bollendorff et al. 2000, Slik and Van Welzen 2001, Sierra et al. 2005. ...
... Voucher specimens were deposited at MH. The available information on grass flora of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was also compiled from secondary literature (Fischer, 1928;Bor, 1960;Kabeer & Nair, 2009;Sreekumar & Nair, 1991;Prasanna & al., 2020;Kellogg & al., 2020;POWO, 2013) and a comprehensive checklist of 412 taxa under 125 genera was prepared. The distribution data on all taxa were recorded. ...
The grass diversity of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) has been analysed for their distribution, endemism, threat assessment and conservation perspective. Ouf of 412 grass taxa found in NBR, straggering 92 are endemic in India (22.33%) including 14 species strictly endemic to the NBR.
... Besides, the spikelets are 8-22-flowered whereas the other species of Lolium bear 2-10(-14)-flowered spikelets. A perusal of the relevant literature (Bor, 1960;Shukla, 1996;Noltie, 2000;Sinha et al., 2019;Prasanna et al., 2020;Gogoi et al., 2021) revealed that L. multiflorum has already been reported from Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu but not from Sikkim (Prasanna et al., 2020: 393). Besides, L. multiflorum is also found under cultivation in Kota, South East Rajasthan, for forage (Meena et al., 2017). ...
After a critical study, the presently collected grass specimens were confirmed as L. multiflorum Lam. and the species is recorded in Sikkim for the first time.
... In India, the genus is represented by nine species of which seven appears to be endemic (Tiwari and Landge 2021). Conventionally, Capillipedium is distinguished from closely allied genera by the short racemes that are usually consisting of 1-5 (-8) sessile spikelets, capillary branches of the panicle, and rhachis internodes and pedicels with a distinct median translucent groove (Bor 1960, Simon and Alfonso 2012, Kellogg 2015. One of the closely allied genera to share the latter feature is Bothriochloa, a synopsis of which was recently published from India Shinde 2021, 2022a, b). ...
The present study assesses the taxonomic identity of the two recently described Indian species of Capillipedium i.e. C. mistryi and C. yashwantraoi from the state of Madhya Pradesh, central India. Both of the species share important features, such as multispiculated racemes, solid pedicel and rhachis internode (non-translucent). As these features are unique in Capillipedium they are of peculiar interest. Having multi-spiculated spiciform racemes, these taxa can be best compared with a similar, non-Indian congener, C. spicigerum which is distributed from China to Australia. Based on comparative morphological study using their protologues and the type specimens, it is concluded that C. yashwantraoi is conspecific with C. mistryi. Therefore, the former is treated as a new heterotypic synonym under the latter following the principle of priority.
... Further, it is distinguished from its allied species by lower glume of sessile spikelets with silky hairs below the half and without pit of lower glume of pedicelled spikelets. The species was initially collected by Woodrow in 1891 at Khorbasa, Mawal regions, which is 20 mile west to Pune (Bor, 1960). ...
... In North America, D. ciliaris is known as southern crabgrass and has a more southern distribution than D. sanguinalis. Bor (1960) remarked that Indian specimens of D. ciliaris are more robust than D. sanguinalis. ...
This datasheet on Digitaria sanguinalis covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
... and M. kunthii Desv. (Bor, 1960;Kellogg & al., 2020;Prasanna & al., 2020;Nagaraju & al., 2021). Both species can be easily identified by annual and perennial habits (Potdar & al., 2012;Chorge & Prasanna, 2021). ...
The genus Microchloa R. Br. with a species M. indica (L.f.) P. Beauv. has been collected for the first time from the Gujarat state, which forms a new generic record to the flora of the state. Present paper provides description, photographs of Microchloa indica for easy identification and its distribution note in India.
... The field observations and collection process was completed by the July 2020. The collected specimens were identified through various sources (Hooker, 1875(Hooker, -1897Bor, 1960;Kirtikar and Basu, 1975). The APG III (2009) classification was followed for arranging the taxa to families. ...
Several studies have investigated the use of roadside plants in reducing near-road air pollution concentrations since this method is often one of the few short-term options available to reduce near-road air pollution. In addition to air quality and general health benefits, roadside vegetation can improve aesthetics, increase property values, reduce heat, control surface water runoff, and reduce noise pollution (with dense, thick and tall stands). Since roadside vegetation has other potential benefits, the impact of this feature has been of particular interest. Roadside tree planting can make significant improvements to the quality of roads and the environment and can protect key natural resources. Road corridors can be a focus area for the restoration of vegetation cover, as vegetation supports many additional benefits, such as trapping dust and reducing run-off flows. Roadside vegetation may provide an opportunity to reduce nearroad pollutant concentrations in urban areas. This roadside vegetation can include the preservation of existing trees and bushes, as well as planting vegetation, which may constitute some of the few near-term mitigation strategies available for urban developers and facilities already subjected to high pollution levels near roads. This paper describes the field survey of roadside vegetation of different districts of Uttar Pradesh and it was observed that some common species are barriers to control pollution on road side besides covering other the environmental aspects such as control noise pollution, air pollution and maintenance of the ecological balance. It was also observed that the vegetation of Uttar Pradesh consists mostly of shrubs. Forests are generally concentrated in the southern uplands.
... ex L., Helictotrichon Besser, Leymus Hochst., Ptilagrostis Griseb., Poa L., Puccinellia Parl. and Stipa L. (Bor 1960(Bor , 1970Tzvelev 1976;Cope 1982;Conti et al. 2020;Kellogg et al. 2020;Liu and Paszko 2020;Nobis et al. 2020). ...
Citation: Nobis M, Krzempek M, Nowak A, Gudkova PD, Klichowska E (2022) Resurrection of Stipa tremula and taxonomy of the high-alpine species from the Stipa purpurea complex (Poaceae, Pooideae). PhytoKeys 196: 21-47.
Abstract Stipa purpurea is a high-alpine species that occurs in cryophilous steppes, semi-deserts and stony slopes, from the Tian Shan and Pamirian Plateau through Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to the Himalayas and is characterised by a great morphological variability. During the revision of specimens of the taxon, we observed that the pattern of this variability is linked to the geographical distribution of the specimens. Numerical analyses (PCA and UPGMA) revealed three groups of OTUs corresponding to three morphotypes within the S. purpurea complex. A set of macro-and micromorphological characters, supported by a map of general distributional ranges, are presented to distinguish each of the three taxa within the complex and we reassess the status of Lasiagrostis tremula described by Ruprecht in 1869. As a result, Stipa tremula, S. purpurea and S. arenosa were distinguished within the complex. The intermediate characters of S. arenosa may suggest its putative hybrid origin (S. tremula × S. purpurea), whereas the presence of extremely long florets may be an expression of the gigas effect. We propose two new combinations (S. tremula and S. arenosa), describe a new nothospecies (S. ×ladakhensis) that originated from hybridisation between S. klimesii and S. purpurea s.l. and designate the lectotype for Ptilagrostis semenovii. An identification key and detailed morphological description of species from the S. purpurea complex are also presented.
... Of these, 46 species and three varieties were reported from India (Kellogg et al., 2020). Although the generic name Dimeria was derived from paired racemes of inflorescence (dimerous: δις μερις, 'two parts: 'spica duplex) in the type species D. acinaciformis R. Br. from Australia, it can vary from 1 to 10 within the genus (Bor, 1952(Bor, , 1960. Insofar as the Indian species of Dimeria are concerned, 17 of them bear a single raceme while the remaining 29 species strictly display two or more racemes. ...
The history of plant collections and nomenclature of Dimeria mooneyi Raizada ex Mooney (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae: Ischaeminae) were investigated, discussed and designated the lectotype.
Bothriochloa ewartiana was previously reported from Australia and recently reported from Andhra Pradesh. This taxon has not so far been reported from Maharashtra, hence forms a new addition to the flora of Maharashtra and extended distribution in India.
Detailed description, illustration, photographs, simplistic taxonomic key and relevant notes are provided to facilitate easy recognition of species in the field.
A thorough search and critical analysis of the literature and specimens demonstrated that the name Bothriochloa ewartiana need lectotypification, which is accomplished here.
Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henrard is an endemic grass to Indian subcontinent and belongs to the family Poaceae (Andropogoneae). It is recorded for the first time in Eastern Ghats of Odisha collected from Ganjam district. The present record reveals the existence of the species in Odisha apart from its other known habitats within the country. Detailed description, phenology, distributional map, important notes, and the occurrence of Bothriochloa species in Odisha are discussed in the present communication.
Small millet, a set of small-seeded crops that includes Finger millet, Little millet, Kodo millet, Foxtail millet, Barnyard millet, and Proso millet, was previously known as “orphan crops” but is now known as “nutri-cereals” due to its high nutritional value. Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex Roem. & Schult., often known as Little millet, is a native of India and is widely grown there as well as in Nepal, Thailand, China, Indonesia, and western Myanmar. It is grown as a key part of tribal agriculture in eastern India. Little millet has a diploid chromosomal number of 2n = 4x = 36, an AABB genome, and is known in Hindi as Samai/kutki. On the basis of plant stature and inflorescence, there are two varieties of Little millet: nana and robusta. Plants in race nana range in height from 60 to 170 cm, and the inflorescence is small (14–15 cm), upright, open, and heavily branched, with branches that droop at maturity. Plants in the race robusta are tall (120–190 cm) with long (20–45 cm) inflorescences that open compactly and are extremely branching. It’s mostly a self-pollinated crop. Little millet can provide significantly better grain yields even under moisture stress and on marginal fields. It is capable of a wide range of adaptations, including excellent efficiency in using water, tolerance for salt and waterlogging, and a low incidence of insect pests and diseases. For small millet, the most significant breeding goals are bold seed, non-lodging, and shoot fly resistance. Because of the small size of the florets and due to Little millet’s high level of self-pollination, hybridization is very challenging. After multi-location evaluation for yield and other critical features, pureline and mass selection from high-yielding germplasm accessions may be a superior choice for varietal development. Most of the varieties of small millet in India are developed from existing germplasm. Extensive testing of preserved germplasm for grain production, nutritional content (Zinc and Iron), and biotic and abiotic stressors has the potential to improve Little millet crop yield.
Little millet genetic enhancement is also achievable by recombination breeding with superior accessions for yield, other quality, and stress tolerance, particularly shoot fly resistance. Little millet hybridization procedures include the contact method of crossing and artificial hybridization via hand emasculation or hot water emasculation. Mutation breeding can also play an important role, particularly in selfed crops where regular crossing is difficult to achieve genetic variety. Modern breeding strategies such as MAS and genomic selection are currently being used to improve the genetics of small millet. Little millet is also being produced in high Fe and high Zn variants. In India, about 20 varieties of small millet are generated through conventional selection, pedigree breeding, and mutation breeding. Chhattisgarh Kutki-2, a high iron-containing (approx. 28 ppm) tiny millet variety, was developed and distributed in 2018–2019 by IGKV, Raipur, India, due to the excellent nutritional status of millets. The metal transporter gene has also been cloned in tiny millet, which can be used to generate crops with high Zn and Fe levels. Traditional breeding techniques have led to the creation and dissemination of numerous cultivars, including those with resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors. The incorporation of genomic-assisted improvement through the use of diverse omics techniques has the potential to boost genetic gains in Little millet crop development. Although gene mapping, transcriptomics, proteomics, and genetic transformation using CRISPR/Cas9 have been accomplished in other millets, a holistic strategy for crop enhancement is still sought in this crop.
Eragrostis Wolf is a highly variable genus in the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Chloridoideae). A taxonomic study of twenty-five species of the genus Eragrostis in Telangana state is here presented. The study was carried out based on fresh collections from various localities of the state and herbarium specimens housed in different herbaria. The results revealed the report of seven species, of these three species namely E. maderaspatana Bor, E. nigra Nees ex Steud. and E. zeylanica Nees & Mey are reported here as additions to the flora of Telangana state, remaining four species already reported by the authors. Key for identifying the species cited for Telangana state, phenology, habitat, local, national distribution, specimens examined, notes, and photographs are provided for easy identification.
During the field exploration in Maharashtra state, specimens of genus Bothriochloa and Setaria were collected. On detailed and critical morphological observations, consultation of protologue, perusal of previous floristic reports of Maharashtra and relevant literature authors have confirmed that B. ischaemum and S. barbata has so far not reported from Maharashtra State. Therefore, Bothriochloa ischaemum and Setaria barbata reported here as a new distributional record and addition to the Grasses of Maharashtra.
The taxonomic identity and typification of Hemisorghum venustum (Thwaites) Clayton and Capillipedium parviflorum (R.Br.) Stapf. is discussed along with detailed descriptions, photographs, and notes. Morphological differences are presented for easy identification of both the species.
While exploring the grass diversity of Nagpur division of Maharashtra, one of authors (ST) collected grass specimens from Butibori and Gadhavi riverbank, on critical study were identified as Eragrostis zeylanica Nees et Mey. and Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss, by following available literature.
Arthraxon santapaui Bor (Poaceae, Andropogoneae, Arthraxoninae) is reported here as an addition to the grass flora of Telangana state. A detailed description and note with photographs are provided to facilitate easy identification.
Keywords
Addition, Arthraxoninae, Gramineae, Nizamabad, Telangana
The present study attempts to prepare an updated checklist of the genus Panicum L. (Poaceae) in Assam. Here, a total of 17 taxa of the genus are documented from the current political boundary of Assam. Correct names with an updated nomenclature and other relevant information such as distribution, habit, habitat, phenology etc. are provided in this checklist. This paper may serve as a comprehensive catalogue of the genus Panicum in Assam. Abstract INTRODUCTION Grass family Poaceae Barnhart, nom. alt. (Gramineae Juss., nom. cons.) is the second largest angiospermic family in Assam with a record of the occurrence of ca. 295 taxa (Barooah & Ahmed 2014). Grasses are playing significant role in environment as well as in human-life in terms of providing food and fodder and also for making economically important materials viz. paper pulps, mats, musical instruments, ropes, etc. Grasses are also used as agricultural and foraging materials since prehistoric ages (Bora et al. 2017). Nevertheless, rapid transformations of ecosystems cause habitat loss due to various anthropogenic activities and other natural calamities challenge the occurrence and distribution of this enormous flowering plant family.
This datasheet on Neyraudia reynaudiana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Pennisetum clandestinum covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Setaria verticillata covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Hymenachne amplexicaulis covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Axonopus fissifolius covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Phleum pratense covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Eragrostis lehmanniana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Vectors & Intermediate Hosts, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Imperata cylindrica covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Setaria palmifolia covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Further Information.
Species of the Heteropogon‐Themeda clade are ecologically important grasses distributed across the tropics, including widespread species, such as the pantropical H. contortus and T. triandra, and range‐restricted species such as H. ritchiei and T. anathera. Here, we examine habitat preferences of the grassland/savanna and wetland species by describing bioclimatic niche characteristics, characterizing functional traits, and investigating the evolution of functional traits of 31 species in the Heteropogon‐Themeda clade in relation to precipitation and temperature. The climatic limits of the clade are linked to mean annual precipitation and seasonality that also distinguish seven wetland species from 24 grassland/savanna species. Tests of niche equivalency highlighted the unique bioclimatic niche of the wetland species. However, climatic factors do not fully explain species geographic range, and other factors are likely to contribute to their distribution ranges. Trait analyses demonstrated that the wetland and grassland/savanna species were separated by culm height, leaf length, leaf area, awn length, and awn types. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the wetland species evolved tall stature with long and large leaves and lack of hygroscopic awns that suggest selective pressures in the shift between savanna/grassland and wetland. The two most widespread species, Heteropogon contortus and Themeda triandra have significantly different bioclimatic niches, but we also found that climatic niche alone does not explain the current geographic distributions of H. contortus and T. triandra. Our study provides a new understanding of the biogeography and evolutionary history of an ecologically important clade of C4 tropical grasses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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