The Development of Level of Detail (LOD) Technique in 3D Computer Graphics Application

Abstract

Drastic growth in computer simulation complexity and 3D scanning
technology has boosted the size of geometry data sets used in visualization.
Conventional (in-core) simplification techniques are sufficient in data reduction to
accelerate graphics rendering. However, some powerful graphics workstations are
sometimes unable to load or even generate the smooth rendering of these extremely
large data. In this thesis, out-of-core simplification algorithm is introduced to
overcome the limitation of conventional technique. Surface attributes such as normals,
colors and textures, which are essentials to bring out the beauty of 3D object are
preserved and discussed. The first process is to convert the input data into a memory
efficient format. Next, the datasets are organized in an octree structure and later the
partitioned meshes are kept in secondary memory (hard disk). Subsequently,
submeshes are simplified using a new variation of vertex clustering technique. In
order to maintain the surface attributes, a vertex clustering technique that collapses all
triangles in every leaf node using the generalized quadric error metrics is introduced.
Unlike any other vertex clustering methods, the knowledge of neighbourhood between
nodes is unnecessary and the node simplification is performed independently. This
simplification is executed recursively until a desired levels of detail is achieved.
During run-time, the visible mesh is rendered based on the distance criterion by
extracting the required data from the previously generated octree structure. The
evaluated experiments show that the simplification is greatly controlled by octree’s
subdivision level and end node size. The finer the octree, the finer will be the mesh
being generated. Overall, the proposed algorithm is capable in simplifying large
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datasets with pleasant quality and relatively fast. The system can run efficiently on
low cost personal computer with small memory footprint.