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Note su alberi e arbusti della Sardegna

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Abstract

Some ligneous plants, reported as indigenous in Sardinian flora, has been taken into consideration. Among them some have to be excluded from the list of Sardinian flora, others must to be considered introduced in Sardinia in recent times. Others plants, completely new, are reported.

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... oxycarpa (Willd.) Fiori, trattata ora a rango sottospecifico di F. angustifolia Vahl , Camarda, Valsecchi 2008, ora nell'originario rango specifico , Brullo et al. 2001, Arrigoni 2013. Analogo trattamento riserva Fiori (1926) ad una serie di taxa della sect. ...
... In merito alla necessità di nuove acquisizioni e studi sulla validità di alcuni di questi taxa, non sono casuali le annotazioni riportate in calce alla trattazione delle specie riconosciute almeno per la Sardegna (Camarda, Valsecchi 2008) e, ancora prima per tutto il territorio nazionale, in Flora d'Italia . Dalla letteratura specifica consultata, non ci sembra che nella seconda edizione dell'opera, in corso di pubblicazione, possano emergere elementi nuovi e modifiche sostanziali nella tassonomia e corologia del genere Fraxinus in Italia. ...
... conclude di non essere certo che si tratti di piante realmente distinte. Relativamente alla Sardegna, Camarda, Valsecchi (2008) mettono in evidenza la variabilità di F. ornus e ricordano che sulla base di differenze nelle foglie e nelle samare sono state differenziate specie diverse, considerate al rango di varietà da Fiori (1926) e poi ricondotte nell'ambito della variabilità della popolazione da . Questi, nelle note a margine della trattazione di F. oxycarpa, parla di specie spesso confusa con F. excelsior, dalla quale si distinguerebbe solo per caratteri in parte sovrapponibili. ...
... In Sardinia, three of the four Mediterranean pine species have been considered native or putative native (Arrigoni 2006;Camarda and Valsecchi 2008;Bacchetta et al. 2009;Pignatti et al. 2017), while P. brutia occurs only in reforestation (Arrigoni 2006). ...
... Historical data, referring to past centuries, suggest a broader diffusion of the pine natural formations on the island of Sardinia (e.g., Angius 1851; De Marco and Mossa 1980). Cuttings and wildfires caused a significant reduction in their distribution during the nineteenth century and the first 60 years of the twentieth century (Desole 1960(Desole , 1964Arrigoni 1967;De Marco and Mossa 1980;Camarda and Valsecchi 2008). Because of habitat depletion, reforestation has been carried out, typically to combat soil erosion and strengthen dune stability (Pavari 1935;D'Autilia et al. 1967a). ...
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Temporal changes in the distribution range of plant communities and habitats should be considered for optimal conservation. However, this information is often lacking. In this research, we investigated the changes in the spatial distribution pattern of the plant communities characterised by the presence of three dominant Mediterranean pines considered native or putative native to Sardinia (Italy), namely Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, and P. pinea. We analysed historical and current aerial photographs to prepare maps of the past and current distribution of natural pine formations, complemented with the aid of pine-related toponymy maps and local people interviews. We calculated how the surface of natural pine formations varied across time and found a high rate of recovery during the last decades. This rate is double when compared to the average extent of other Sardinian woody formations in the same period. Among the three pine species, the area of P. halepensis and P. pinaster formations increased the most. We also found that about 90% of pine formations fall within protected areas. More than 128 ha of natural pine formations are included in the priority habitat 2270, while those included in habitat 9540 cover 1,100 ha. Our study provides a complete survey of natural Sardinian pine formations distribution, along with the quantification of their increase in the last decades. Our study highlights the importance of diachronic analyses for monitoring spatial changes in plant communities. We suggest encompassing the trends in the extent of vegetation formations and habitats for conservation purposes.
... The natural range of rosemary includes the Mediterranean regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as Sardinia, Sicily, Baleares, Elba and other minor islands (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). Rosemary is a thermophylous and xerophytic species and grows on sanded and rocky soils, next to the sea and in arid and sunny calcareous locations, not over the high hills (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983;Giugnolini, 1985). ...
... The natural range of rosemary includes the Mediterranean regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as Sardinia, Sicily, Baleares, Elba and other minor islands (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). Rosemary is a thermophylous and xerophytic species and grows on sanded and rocky soils, next to the sea and in arid and sunny calcareous locations, not over the high hills (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983;Giugnolini, 1985). ...
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ABSTRACT Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a perennial shrub that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. The leaves and essential oils are the economical products of rosemary and are used in culinary, food flavoring, condiments, cosmetics and perfumeries.
... The natural range of rosemary includes the Mediterranean regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as Sardinia, Sicily, Balears, Elba and other minor islands (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). Rosemary is a thermophylous and xerophytic species and grows on sanded and rocky soils, next to the sea and in arid and sunny calcareous locations, not over the high hills (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983;Giugnolini, 1985). ...
... The natural range of rosemary includes the Mediterranean regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as Sardinia, Sicily, Balears, Elba and other minor islands (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). Rosemary is a thermophylous and xerophytic species and grows on sanded and rocky soils, next to the sea and in arid and sunny calcareous locations, not over the high hills (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983;Giugnolini, 1985). ...
Article
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic species with a relevant economic value due to its use as fresh condiment or dry spice. Spontaneous populations of rosemary spread in the Mediterranean basin and a high genetic variability is suitable to new cultivars selection for intensive growing management. Few standard cultivars of rosemary are actually available in nurseries and mainly for ornamental use. Furthermore, cultivars are not characterised for biomass quality and chemical composition of the essential oil. The present study is part of a research programme started in 1996, with the aim of characterizing rosemary spontaneous Sardinian populations for their utilization in the selection of new varieties. After mass selection, more than 20 plants were cutting propagated and transplanted in open field for phenotypical characterization. Detailed information on plant morphology, phenology and chemical composition of the essential oils was collected. Data on the 6 most promising cultivars are reported in this note. Plants of 'Gerrei' cultivar showed a very upright habit, while 'Costa Paradiso' was characterised by compact habit and medium vigour. 'Sette Fratelli' plants showed prostrate shape and low vigour, while the highest vigour (highest shoot length and leaf weight) was observed in 'Sant' Antioco' plants. Because of the abundance of 1,8 cineole (15.0%), borneol (17.5%) and bornyl acetate (12.4%) in its essential oil, 'Cala Gonone' genotype resulted different from the others. A high percentage of borneol (26.0%) and bornyl acetate (16.0%) was also observed in 'Costa Paradiso' plants. The 'Vignola' biomass was characterized by the typical essential oil composition of most rosemary selections, with 43.8% of α-pinene as major component. The 'Sant' Antioco' plants were particularly rich in camphor (21.4%) and 1,8 cineole (17.6%), while 'Sette Fratelli' and 'Gerrei' showed abundance of verbenone (above 12.0%).
... Actually, some knowledge gaps hamper the introduction in culture of most interesting species, in particular: Lentisk is a small shrub, sometimes a tree, up to 3-4 m high, with paripinnate leaves consisting of 8-10 lanceolate leaflets, 2-3 cm long. The species is dioecious with unisexual flowers in racemes brought separately by male and female individuals (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). As a consequence, lentisk is an obligatory out-crossing species where female flowers are wind pollinated. ...
... Myrtle canopy is bush-or tree-like, with a dense foliage (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983), readily regenerated after the fire or grazing injuries, so myrtle is actively involved in restoring ecosystems altered by damaging events. ...
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The crucial point for the exploitation of Mediterranean species for agronomic purposes relies on the availability of planting material with high physiological quality. As it is known, the plant propagation may be realized by seed or by asexual or vegetative propagation. The latter has an unquestionable advantage for the propagator because it allows obtaining plants that reproduce exactly the genetic and morphological characteristics of the parent plant and, theoretically, it allows to obtain a large number of individuals in a short time. Among the various types of asexual propagation used in the nursery industry, cutting propagation finds the greater application as it is technically easier to run and economically profitable in respect to all possible alternative methods. It would be advantageous to set up such propagation method for Mediterranean shrubs that are difficult-to-root, on the one hand selecting superior genotypes and on the other hand developing technical strategies for the improvement of donor physiology and the rooting competence. The environmental factors, irradiance above all, but also nutrient and water availability in the substrate for growth, influence the physiological, hormonal and nutritional status of stock plants and may influence the cuttings quality and their rooting ability. The ontogenetic age of cutting may also influence the propagating attitude of the species. As regards myrtle and lentisk, few studies have been done concerning the influence of stock plant physiology on rooting. Crobeddu and Pignatti (2005) studied the rooting results of rejuvenated plants, many other Authors focused on micropropagation but no considerations were done about the physiology of donors. The primary objective of the present research was to enhance the use as ornamental plants of two typical species of the Mediterranean environment, by means of the optimization of nurseries cycles. In particular, the study focused on physiological and morphological features potentially related to adventitious rooting in myrtle and lentisk. The specific objectives aimed at: - Determining the influence of light availability and rejuvenation on the morphological, chemical and ecophysiological features of mature plants - Assessing the eventual influences on rooting - Assessing the influence of intra-specific variability on propagation trials, with the declared aim to look for genotypes offering an economically supportable option to propagate the studied species.
... Uno di questi, ma anche il più diffuso, è quello che considera il tempo allo stesso modo delle distanze lungo gli assi delle x e delle y. In questo caso si utilizza la distanza Euclidea: La quercia da sughero è un albero che mediamente è alto 10-15 m (Camarda, 1982), ma può raggiungere i 20 m (Gellini, 1997) con diametri del fusto sino a 1.5 m. Il tronco difficilmente dritto si ramifica presto e porta i rami disposti irregolarmente. ...
... La sughera è una quercia sempreverde diffusa nell'ovest del bacino mediterraneo e nelle regioni atlantiche adiacenti, presente sopratutto nella Penisola Iberica, in Italia, Francia e Africa Settentrionale. In Italia la si ritrova principalmente in Sardegna e Sicilia, localmente nelle coste tirreniche e in Puglia (Camarda, 1982). È ben conosciuta per la produzione di sughero (Costa, 2002;Gellini, 1997). ...
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of the climatic trends on the cork oak system and to furnish a base of prediction models related to the wood growth. The area of the study is located in the centre of Sardinia. The area covers an overall surface of 9 Km2 for the statistic analysis and of 25 Km2 for the simulation. We have collected the measures of trees with diameter at breast height between 15 and 30 cm. The statistic analysis has concerned: 1) the classification of the statistic variables; 2) the treatment of the satellite images MODIS for the extraction of space- temporal variables related to temperatures at ground level, the water content and the mass vegetation; 3) the definition of the samples with a high possibility of error; 4) Annealing simulation for the optimization of the model and of data. Finally we have create one prediction model for a vast area. The Pearson correlation of show that the average increases of a sample group of trees are tightly tied to thermometric trend. The analysis with geo-statistics technique has brought to verify that there is a clear correlation with the content of water, with the daytime temperature, and with the biomass. While the increases, on the other hand, are negatively correlated with the night-temperatures and the EVI. The results of the simulations have brought, finally, to the possibility to build prediction maps with annual, biennial and cumulative scale.
... Both species are reported to exist in Albania [Mullaj et al., 2010], in Crete [Barbéro, Quézel, 1980], and in Greece [Knapp, 1965], while in Cyprus it is recorded as a subspecies of the Kermes oak [Hand, 2006]. As distinct species Q. calliprinos is reported from Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, and Apulia in mainland Italy [Mossa, 1990;Ottonello et al., 1991;Mossa et al., 1998;La Mantia, Gianguzzi, 1999a, b], based on the morphological and anatomicomicrometrical studies of leaf samples, but this view is not accepted by several authors who in general claim that Q. calliprinos and other similar taxa are synonyms of Q. coccifera [Camarda, Valsecchi, 1982;Camarda, 2003]. ...
Article
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The current kermes oak species complex is a descendant of an ancient lineage. It has colonized the Mediterranean area long before the contemporary Mediterranean climates prevailed. Most widespread species of the Group Ilex, Quercus coccifera (=Q. calliprinos); occurs across the entire Mediterranean region. The climatic history of this region may be a key to understanding the present situation of Q. coccifera. Current climatic adaptations of the western and eastern groups of Q. coccifera differ significantly, as in the western Mediterranean the distribution is restricted to the coastal or low altitude humid to subhumid zone with seasonal aridity. All future scenarios for the entire Mediterranean basin indicate a rise in average temperature and significant drops of annual rainfall which may pose problems for this species.
... Greuter & Burdet. (endemic in Sardinia and Corsica) are present in few stations characterised by small populations and respectively situated in central, north-oriental and central-western Sardinia (Atzei 2003;Camarda & Valsecchi 2008;Arrigoni 2010). ...
Article
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Cistus genus is present in Sardinia with large populations of C. monspeliensis, C. salvifolius, C. creticus subsp. eriocephalus and few stations of C. albidus, C. creticus subsp. creticus and C. creticus subsp. corsicus. No chemical studies are currently being carried on Cistus species of Sardinia. The essential oils have shown six different profiles. C. creticus subsp. eriocephalus showed a high amount of manoyl oxide and its isomer (70%). C. salvifolius has pointed out the group of labdans, (20%); another consistent percentage is made of perfumed molecules as ionone and its derivate. Several linear hydrocarbons were produced by C. monspeliensis, and the heneicosane was the most represented element. In C. albidus no labdane-type diterpenes were identified. Analysis of C. creticus subsp creticus revealed several oxygenated sesquiterpenes and labdane-type diterpenes, especially manoyl oxide. C. creticus subsp. corsicus was qualitatively very similar to C. creticus subsp. creticus, notably concerning the labdane-type compounds.
... Pulp is initially green then black -brown at maturity. The endocarp is hard and woody with a single seed, rarely two (Camarda et al., 1983). ...
... The cork oak (Quercus suber Linnaeus) is more or less abundantly distributed in all the siliceous areas of Sardinia, from the lowland up to the medium mountain zones, forming the best stands in the inland and rainier areas of the island (CAMARDA & VALSECCHI, 2008). The insect fauna of these forest formations has been studied in the past by extensive investigations of its composition (MARTELLI & ARRU, 1957;PROTA, 1962PROTA, , 1963PROTA, , 1973BARBAGALLO, 1985;LUCIANO & ROVERSI, 2001) and by evaluations of the harmfulness and population dynamics of some species of defoliator lepidopterans (PROTA, 1970;LUCIANO et al., 1982;LUCIANO & PROTA 1983, 1986PROTA et al., 1991), xylophagous coleopterans (CAO & LUCIANO, 2005;LUCIANO et al., 2008) and the ant Crematogaster scutellaris Olivier (Formicidae Myrmicinae) (CASEVITZ-WEULERSSE, 1972. ...
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In 2010 and 2011, we studied the biology, behaviour, harmfulness and distribution of the population of L. brunneus and S. quercus in cork oak forests in Sardinia. During their life cycle, the two trophobionts benefit from the protection provided by the cork bark. In particular, the aphid undergoes a monoic holocycle, spending much of the year inside the ant nest. Our investigations on the distribution of infested trees suggested that they are grouped into clusters, even though we occasionally found cork oaks (especially large ones) colonized by the formicid without any attacks on the surrounding trees. The ant also digs its nests in the female cork, damaging the production, and its infestations involved up to 20% of the cork oaks. The distribution of the two species was limited to some cork oak forests in the central and north-eastern parts of Sardinia between 450 and 780 m a.s.l. where the climatic conditions are typical of the cold subzone of Lauretum type II with summer drought, according to Pavari's phytoclimatic classification.
... Leccete I boschi di leccio dominano il paesaggio vegetale della Sardegna (Arrigoni, 1968;Giacomini & Fenaroli, 1958;Pignatti, 1998) in quanto Quercus ilex presenta nell'Isola un'ampia valenza ecologica, grazie alla quale si rinviene dal livello del mare fino a 1400 m s.l.m. (Camarda & Valsecchi, 1983), colonizzando substrati geopedologici diversi. ...
Article
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This monograph includes a comprehensive synthesis of the forest vegetation of Sardinia, with a physiographic, biochmatic and biogeograpmc characterization of the investigated territories. Our work allowed to resume the knowledge status of the vegetation studies carried out on the Island, identify the actual plant landscape, define the vegetation series and geoseries, as well as draw a map of their potential distribution. In total, 23 principal vegetation series were identified, with 21 of them being exclusive of the Sardinian biogeographic sub province and 2 of the Corsican-Sardinian province. In addition 5 geoseries were described: 2 exclusive of Sardinia, 1 of Sardinia and Corsica and 2 with a Mediterranean distribution. These geoseries are related to hygrophylous, riparian and lowland habitats, to ponds, coastal lagoons and dunal systems. Data on the structure, fioristic composition, litomorphology, climate and serial and catenal succession for each series and geoseries, are here presented. All the cenosis are here summarized in a syntaxonomical scheme constitued by 5 classes, 7 orders, 11 alliances, 6 suballiances, 43 associations and 27 subassociations. Regulatory aspects, protection measures as well as in situ and ex situ conservation strategies concerning the forest taxa and syntaxa are also discussed. An annexe map (scale 1:350,000) of the potential forest series and geoseries of the Island is also presented.
... Tree heath (Erica arborea L.) in the family Ericaceae, is one of the main components of the Mediterranean "maquis" biome, and is a valuable ornamental plant for gardening and landscaping that is increasingly cultivated in commercial nurseries. In Sardinia (Italy) and in the surrounding minor islands of the La Maddalena Archipelago, tree heath grows preferably on siliceous substrates and in mixed stands with cork oak, holm oak and strawberry tree (Camarda and Valsecchi, 2008). Since 2011, an unusual disease on tree heath has been observed in a natural area located in the centre of Caprera Island. ...
Article
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Shoot blight was observed on Erica arborea L., in a natural growing area on Caprera Island (Italy), during 2011 and 2012. Fungal isolates obtained from 324 symptomatic shoots were identified as Neofusicoccum luteum by analysis of morphological and cultural characteristics, as well as DNA sequence data of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA and part of the translation Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene. Pathogenicity of the fungus was verified by stem inoculation of 3-year-old seedlings of E. arborea. This is the first report of N. luteum as a pathogen of E. arborea.
... English holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) in the Aquifoliaceae is an evergreen tree or shrub native to Europe and western Asia (Camarda and Valsecchi, 2008). In Mediterranean regions its distribution is usually restricted to cool and humid mountain ecosystems. ...
Article
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Between 2010 and 2013 several English holly trees showing defoliation, leaf and twig blight were found in natural ecosystems in Sardinia and Corsica. A Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from necrotic tissues of leaves and twigs, and bleeding cankers on stems. Isolates obtained were identified as Phytophthora ilicis, on the basis of morphological features, colony patterns and growth rates at different temperatures. Identity was confirmed by sequence analyses of the ITS, β-tubulin and cox1 gene regions. Two different genotypes within P. ilicis were detected. Pathogenicity of P. ilicis isolates was verified by inoculating freshly cut twigs of English holly. Phytophthora ilicis was originally recorded on English holly in western USA, and to date has been found only in cool temperate regions in northern America and, more recently, in Europe. This is the first report of P. ilicis on English holly in the Mediterranean region. Two additional Phytophthora species were isolated from other trees and shrubs species growing together with English holly, including P. bilorbang from Alnus glutinosa leaves and P. pseudosyringae from rhizosphere soil samples of A. glutinosa and Castanea sativa, and from symptomatic leaves of Hedera helix.
... Plants were classified following Pignatti (1997) and Arrigoni (2006) and categorized to biological and chorological types (Pignatti, 1997). Endemisms and Species of Conservation Interest were then identified (Arrigoni et al., 1976Arrigoni et al., -1991 Valsecchi, 1983 and Gaminans and Marzocchi, 1996; Pignatti,1997). ...
Conference Paper
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Aim of this work was the ecological and vegetation characterization of a mountain marginal area of N-W Sardinia, ever-grazed by beef cattle, to evaluate its strategic role in the sustainability of agro-forestal activities. The study was conducted between April 2011 and June 2012 in an experimental area of 24 ha, 670 m a.s.l., dominated by woody vegetation, mainly Quercus pubescens L. with an herbaceous cover limited to the glades.
... The flowers are yellow and grouped, and have a bell-shaped calyx, thickly downy legume with a protuberant upper rib, and round dark olivaceous seeds. This shrub grows mostly in cool places, on asperities from 500 to 900 m above sea level (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1983). Calycotome villosa subsp. ...
Article
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A new dihydroisoquinoline-N-oxide alkaloid 1 together with the previously known methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 2 were isolated for the first time from the seeds of Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and in the case of the new alkaloid 1-hydroxymethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-N-oxide 1 by X-ray diffraction analysis. ª 2014 King Saud University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
... Arbutus unedo L., commonly known as the strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub in the family Ericaceae that can grow to a height of about 8 m (Camarda and Valsecchi 2008). Native to parts of Southern Europe, it is a typical component of the Mediterranean sclerophyllous and laurel-like vegetation mainly in coastal and inland areas with mild climates, where neither frost nor summer dryness is very intense. ...
Article
Between 2008 and 2011, severe dieback associated with root and collar rot was reported on Arbutus unedo in several sites in Sardinia, Italy. Isolations from infected tissues and rhizosphere soil samples consistently yielded a Phytophthora species. It was initially identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi var. parvispora Krober and Marwitz by comparing morphological features with the original description and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences with those present in GenBank. A multigene phylogeny based on DNA sequence data from two nuclear (ITS and b-tubulin) and two mitochondrial (cox1 and cox2) gene regions combined with extensive morphological and physiological properties of these isolates, including the ex-type culture of P. cinnamomi var. parvispora, demonstrates that this taxon is unique and it is redesignated here as Phytophthora parvispora sp. nov. Although morphologically similar to P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora differs by its smaller- sized sporangia, chlamydospores, oogonia and oospores, higher oospore wall index, single-celled antheridia, higher minimum and maximum temperatures for growth and faster growth at optimum temperature. In the phylogeny, P. parvispora falls within Phytophthora ITS clade 7a, grouped in a well-supported clade sister to P. cinnamomi. In pathogenicity tests, P. parvispora and P. cinnamomi were equally aggressive towards A. unedo seedlings. The possible geographic origin of P. parvispora is also discussed.
... Plants were classified following Pignatti (1997) and Arrigoni (2006) and categorized to biological and chorological types (Pignatti, 1997). Endemisms and Species of Conservation Interest were then identified (Arrigoni et al., 1976Arrigoni et al., -1991 Valsecchi, 1983 and Gaminans and Marzocchi, 1996; Pignatti,1997). ...
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Aim of this work was the ecological and vegetation characterization of a mountain marginal area of N-W Sardinia, ever-grazed by beef cattle, to evaluate its strategic role in the sustainability of agro-forestal activities. The study was conducted between April 2011 and June 2012 in an experimental area of 24 ha, 670 m a.s.l., dominated by woody vegetation, mainly Quercus pubescens L. with an herbaceous cover limited to the glades.
... Time to ignition (ID time) and LFMC were measured on four dominant species of the study area that are very common in the Western Mediterranean Basin (Camarda and Valsecchi 1983; Spano et al. 2003) (Fig. 1): Cistus monspeliensis L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Pistacia lentiscus L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Three bulk samples of live fine fuel of ∼100 g, which consisted of terminal twigs with a diameter less than 6 mm, were collected from each species. For each sampling date, individuals were chosen randomly in an area of ∼200 m × 200 m close to the meteorological station. ...
Article
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Measurements of seasonal patterns of live fuel moisture content and ignitability (in terms of time to ignition) of four Mediterranean shrub species were performed in North Western Sardinia (Italy). Relationships between the two variables were evaluated. Relationships between live fuel moisture content and environmental conditions (i.e. rainfall, air temperature and soil moisture) were analysed. Two groups of species were identified in relation to the different response of live fuel moisture content to seasonal meteorological conditions. Seasonal patterns of live fuel moisture content were also compared with five meteorological drought indices: Duff Moisture Code and Drought Code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Canopy Drought Stress Index and Cumulative Water Balance Index. In addition, the capability of the meteorological drought indices to describe moisture variation for each species was evaluated. Although the Drought Code was formulated to describe changes in the moisture content of dead fuel, it was shown to have a good potential for modelling live fuel moisture variation of a group of shrubland species that are sensitive to meteorological conditions, with a clear and large decrease of moisture content during the drought season.
... sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) survives in small areas in humid zones, such as river sides (Camarda and Valsecchi 1983). The phenotypic and genetic changes in the local varieties population have been also affected by human intervention, which was primarily directed towards the selection of genotypes showing traits related to their adaptation to the local environmental heterogeneity. ...
Article
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A large number of genotypes of different fruit tree species have been described in Sardinia, where the plant species have evolved by adaptation to the Mediterranean environment. In this work results are summarized of a long-term survey carried out in the island by the authors since the early 1980s. Ten fruit tree species have been surveyed and collections of the traditional varieties were established. Some are major staple crops such as olive and grape, others such as almond, cherry, plum, fig, apple and pear are nowadays less cultivated, and still others have been more recently introduced like apricot and cactus pear. Data on the level of inter and intra-species diversity are given, as illustrated by representative morphological traits. The results of isozymes and RAPD-PCR analysis on the species Ficus carica genotypes are included, to assess genetic relationship among accessions. Observations on composition, as well as on state of conservation of selected traditional varieties are reported, and the main causes of genetic erosion are listed.
... Phoenicean juniper (Juniperus phoenicea L.) is a typical juniper found throughout the Mediterranean region. In Sardinia (Italy), it grows mostly at low altitudes close to the coast and in particular on the small islands of the La Maddalena Archipelago, including Caprera Island (Camarda and Valsecchi, 2008). Recently, a progressive dieback of shoots and branches of Phoenicean juniper trees has been observed in a natural area on Caprera Island (Linaldeddu et al., 2011). ...
... The effusive substrata of NW Sardinia are amongst the least studied areas of the island from the point of view of both flora and vegetation (Farris & Filigheddu, 2006). Detailed flora and vegetation studies of specific zones of the area simply do not exist, there being merely distribution data on forest, bush and chamaephyte species (Camarda & Valsecchi, 1983, 1990). Exhaustive data on the forest communities of the study area are provided by papers published recently on Sardinian forest communities (Bacchetta et al., 2003aBacchetta et al., , 2004aBacchetta et al., , 2004b). ...
Article
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The trachybasalt biogeographic sub-district of the NW Sardinian district, included in the coastal and hilly sub-sector of the Sardinian biogeographic sector, is characterised by two large effusive complexes: that of the rhyolites, andesites and dikes of the Oligo-Miocene alkaline volcanic cycle (14-32 Ma) and alkaline basalts, rhyolites, rhyodacites and dikes of the volcanic cycle with alkaline, transitional and sub-alkaline affinity of the Pliocene-Pleistocene (0.14-5.3 Ma). Between 2000 and 2004, 156 surveys were carried out on shrub communities in order to improve knowledge of their phytosociology. Vegetation analysis led to the identification of 11 associations and 13 subassociations, referring to 3 syntaxonomic classes. Of these, 5 new associations are hereby described for the first time: Clematido vitalbae-Maletum pumilae, Crataego monogynae-Aceretum monspessulani, Lavatero olbiae-Rubetum ulmifolii, Genisto desoleanae-Ericetum arboreae and Telino monspessulanae-Cytisetum villosi .
... The holm-oak woods dominate the forest landscape of Sardinia (Arrigoni, 1968; Giacomini & Fenaroli, 1958; Pignatti, 1998), because Quercus ilex has a wide ecological amplitude on the island, ranging from sea level to above 1400 m (Camarda & Valsecchi, 1983). Q. ilex woods are present on a range of pedological and lithological substrata and in the subhumid-humid, Mesomediterranean phytoclimatic belt (Barbero et al., 1992). ...
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A syntaxonomic revision of the holm-oak and cork-oak woods of Sardinia is here presented. The geological and phytoclimatic heterogeneity of the island and the wide ecological amplitude of the holm-oak, result in a large phytocoenotic diversity of the Sardinian holm-oak woods. These are referred to five associations: Pyro amygdaliformis-Quercetum ilicis , Prasio majoris-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova, Galio scabri-Quercetum ilicis , Saniculo europaeae-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova and Aceri monspessulani-Quercetum ilicis . From the phytogeographic point of view, in the subhumid-humid, meso-supramediterranean bioclimatic belts of Sardinia the presence of the association Galio scabri-Quercetum ilicis is found to be remarkable. As far as the cork-oak woods are concerned, the associations Galio scabri-Quercetum suberis and Violo dehnhardtii-Quercetum suberis ass. nova are here reported. The Sardinian-Corsican holm-oak and cork-oak woods define the western limit of the European central-Mediterranean alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis of which in Sardinia there are many characteristic and differential entities. In the Sardinian-Corsican holm-oak woods, however, there are endemic entities ( Arum pictum ssp. pictum , Helleborus lividus ssp. corsicus , Digitalis purpurea var. gyspergerae , Quercus ichnusae and Paeonia morisii ) and other western-centred entities with little or no spread on the Italian peninsula ( Galium scabrum, Clematis cirrhosa and Teucrium scorodonia ). These entities allow the proposal that within the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis can be recognised the new Sardinian-Corsican suballiance Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis (typus: Prasio majoris-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova), which is endemic to the Sardinian and Corsican sectors of the Italo-Tyrrhenian Province. Consequently, the suballiance Fraxino orni-Quercenion ilicis , which is the typical of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis , has also been proposed.
... In contrast, its status on Mediterranean islands is controversial. For example, it was considered of uncertain status on the island of Corsica (Briquet, 1910), native on Sardinia and Sicily (Camarda and Valsecchi, 1985; Greuter et al., 1989; Pignatti, 1998) and was not assessed on most of the other islands. Nevertheless, no critical analysis according to the criteria of Webb (1985) has been performed to confirm the putative native status of white poplar on Sardinia. ...
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Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry is a book series devoted to important advances in natural product chemistry. The series features volumes that cover all aspects of research in the chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, including research on natural substances derived from plants, microbes and animals. Reviews of structure elucidation, biological activity, organic and experimental synthesis of natural products as well as developments of new methods are also included in the series. Volume 10 of the series brings together 5 reviews on a variety of bioactive compounds. - An overview of cistus species growing in Sardinia: a source of bioactive compounds - Roles of natural abscisic acids in fruits during fruit development and under environmental stress - Progress in the research of naturally occurring biflavonoids: a look through - Plant metabolites for protecting human cells against radiation-associated damage: an integrative review - Chemical perspective and drawbacks in flavonoid estimation assays.
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The publication of the fifth book of "Frutti dimenticati e biodiversità recuperata" forms part of the activities that ISPRA leads , together with other research institutes and with farmers, for the recovery and preservation of the heritage represented by the many varieties of fruits, olives, vines, chestnut and hazelnut trees that generations of Italian farmers have selected and handed down in response to the most diverse local ecological characteristics
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The aim of the present research is to establish the periodical atmospheric concentrations of theCupressaceae andPinaceae in Cagliari (South Sardinia) pollens to examine the exisstence of correlations between theem and the winter-springtimes allergic syndromes. Examining a meaningful dample of 1000 allergic patients of different age and sex, 141 subject resulted sensizited to pollen of pine, arbovitate, cypress and cedar. Nevertheless, from allergological researches the etiological role of thePinaceae and theCupressaceae does not clearly appear. No monosensivity to thePinaceae and theCupressaceae has been noticed. The sampling of airborne pollens has allowed us to identify some phenological and actuopalynological aspect which are useful to interprent better the biorhytms of these two families, also related to climatic agents.
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This work focuses on environmental conservation studies realized in Sardinia within last thirty years, mainly concerning to botanical aspects. The study about botanically- sensitive areas, in the context of the planning of Regional Landscape Plans ( Piani Paesistici ), pointed out 135 biotopes of great floristic and vegetational concern. Consistency, specificity, rarity, use, institutional resource values as well as hazard rate of the areas (mapped 1:100,000) have been defined. Furthermore, a 20-criteria table has been drawn up for an objective definition of conservation-worth areas. Main botanical features and bibliography, if it does exsist, are mentioned for every biotope. Endemic species, rareties, phytogeographically important ones and principal vegetation types are mostly included in this systemlike frame that incorporates a significant part of Sardinian floristic districts and phytoclimatic areas. Thus, a wise conservation policy for these areas, representing about 10% of the total regional land, would guarantee the conservation in time of the most significant botanic resources.
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Common yew ( Taxus baccata L.) stands are recognized as prioritary habitats for biodiversity conservation within the European Union. The effects of browsing on the regeneration capacity and spatial dispersal of T. baccata recruits at the European southern limit of the species in the Mediterranean Basin have been herein studied. The efficacy of T. baccata recruitment has been evaluated at six localities in the Northern Sardinia mountains, which have similar altitude, climate, soil, and vegetation but have different types of uses (three were grazed by livestock and three were not). At each site, five habitats have been identified for T. baccata seed dispersal: reproductive female T. baccata canopy, reproductive female Ilex aquifolium canopy, non-fleshy-fruited tree canopy, fleshy-fruited shrubs, and open areas. The density of seedlings was found to be greater under fleshy-fruited trees (reproductive female T. baccata and I. aquifolium ) than under shrubs, whereas the sapling density was higher in shrubby habitats, especially at grazed sites due to the mechanical protection afforded by the spiny shrubs against herbivores. Land use (LU) has been found to be the most important factor in determining the spatial distribution of seedlings and saplings in relation to forest habitats. Although browsers had an ephemeral but positive effect on seed germination through their trampling and the resultant scarification, this process eventually became ineffective as was shown by the occurrence of the lowest density of saplings in those habitats where the density of seedlings was the highest. The ultimate and most important effect of browsing was the sharp decrease in the density of saplings, and their almost complete extinction, in non-shrubby habitats. This study highlights the result that, in Mediterranean ecosystems, browsing constitutes the main negative factor on T. baccata seedling-sapling transition and furthermore confirms the necessity to preserve shrubby patches in the vicinity of reproductive female T. baccata and I. aquifolium to permit the regeneration of T. baccata in the presence of livestock. Moreover, at ungrazed sites, T. baccata is able to colonize non-shrubby shady habitats. The application of different management strategies to ungrazed and grazed sites should therefore be the main direction in the management and preservation of T. baccata stands in the Mediterranean region.
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The occurrence and diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) types in populations of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, were examined throughout five chestnut-growing areas in central Sardinia (Italy). The hypovirulent strains of the pathogen were more frequently isolated with respect to virulent ones. Four vc types were identified among the 131 isolates, obtained from 150 randomly selected cankers (30 for each area) by means of European tester isolates (EU). EU-12 and EU-2 groups were the dominant vc types, reaching a percentage of 48,9% and 46,6% respectively, followed by EU-14 (3,8%) and EU-1 (0,7%). EU-12 was found in all five populations investigated, whereas EU-2 was isolated from four populations; EU-1 and EU-14 were found each in only one population. The low diversity of the Sardinian vc types was comparable with that of other countries where the pathogen was recently introduced. The composition pattern of Sardinian vc types is very peculiar because include two dominant vc types: EU-2, usually dominant in North Italy and Western Europe, and EU-12 more frequent in Southern Italy, Balkans and Greece. In conclusion, the low diversity in vc types and the natural occurrence of superficial non-lethal cankers in all chestnut-growing areas support the possibility of successful application of biological control measures at local level in Sardinian chestnut forests.
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The chemical composition of the essential oil and methanol extract of Calycotome villosa (Poiret) Link leaves collected in Sardinia (Italy) has been studied by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Falcarinol and some alcohols, terpenes, furan derivatives, and paraffins have been isolated from the essential oil. Thirteen alkaloids and falcarinol have been identified in the chloroform fraction of the basic methanol extract. Six flavonoids and four anthraquinones have been isolated in the chloroform fraction after acidification of the basic methanol extract. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities have also been evaluated. The essential oil, the methanol extract in toto, and the fraction of the basic extract showed strong cytotoxicity, whereas the fraction of the acid extract showed lower cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this fraction showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus lentus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia rettgeri, and Morganella morganii. It can therefore be stated that this plant's cytotoxicity is prevalently due to falcarinol.
Article
Gli Autori hanno studiato la flora e la distribuzione delle specie vegetali del Monte Tuttavista del Golfo di Orosei (Sardegna Centro-orientale).
HERZOG (1909) e FIORI (1925) fanno esplicito riferimento ai monti di Oliena, per cui è verosimile che abbiano considerato come esatta una prima indicazione di Ascherson e Reinhardt (<< In montibus calcareis pro Oliena, paullo supra limitem superiorem
PAOLETTI (1990), HERZOG (1909) e FIORI (1925) fanno esplicito riferimento ai monti di Oliena, per cui è verosimile che abbiano considerato come esatta una prima indicazione di Ascherson e Reinhardt (<< In montibus calcareis pro Oliena, paullo supra limitem superiorem, julio 1863»). Questa indicazione non fu peraltro riportata da Ascherson in BARI3EY (1884), ma tuttavia fu ripresa da MATTIROLO (1892).
1885 -Supplementum 4 et 5
  • P Ascherson
AscHERsoN P., 1885 -Supplementum 4 et 5. In: BARBEY W. -Florae Sardoae Compendium. Bridel, Lousanne.
1892 -Reliquiae Morisianae ossia Elenco di Piante e località nuove per la Flora di Sardegna recentemente scoperte nell
  • Mattirolo O Di
  • G G Moris
MATTIROLO O., 1892 -Reliquiae Morisianae ossia Elenco di Piante e località nuove per la Flora di Sardegna recentemente scoperte nell'Erbario di G.G. Moris. Atti Congr. Bot. Intern. Genova.
  • Walters S M Acer
  • L In
  • G Tutin T
WALTERS S.M., 1968 -Acer L. In: TUTIN T.G. et al., (ed.) -Flora Europaea, 2: 238. University Press, Cambridge.
1974 -La flora del massiccio del Limbara (Gallura meridionale)
  • Veri L Bruno F
VERI L., BRUNO F., 1974 -La flora del massiccio del Limbara (Gallura meridionale). Ann. Bot. (Roma), 33: 106.
1973-76 -Atlas F'lorae Europaeae
  • Jalas J J Souminen
JALAS J., SOUMINEN J., 1973-76 -Atlas F'lorae Europaeae, 2, 3. Helsinki.
FIORI FENAROLl e GAl\'lBI (1976) e PIGNATTI (1982) lo considerano spontaneo. Nostre indagini in FI hanno portato al ritrovamento di campioni 'per suffragare la sua presenza e l'unica segnalazione dettagliata di Terracciano per il Limbara non è stata confermata da recenti studi (VERI e BRUNO
BARI3EY (1884), TERr-.ACCIANO (1909), FIORI (1925), MAlnINoLl (1949), MEUSCL (1964), WEBB (1968), ZANGHERI (1976), FENAROLl e GAl\'lBI (1976) e PIGNATTI (1982) lo considerano spontaneo. Nostre indagini in FI, SASSA, SS, CAG, non hanno portato al ritrovamento di campioni 'per suffragare la sua presenza e l'unica segnalazione dettagliata di Terracciano per il Limbara non è stata confermata da recenti studi (VERI e BRUNO, 1974; PLOTA, 1977) su questo massiccio. Attualmente è preferibile considerare non dimostrata l'appartenenza di questa specie alla flora spontanea sarda. RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus pumila Turra Ramnus pumila Turra anche se è stato indicato da molti Autori (
1898 -Pyrus L -Flora Analitica d'Italia
  • Fiori A Paoletti G
FIORI A., 1898 -Pyrus L. In:,FIORI A., PAOLETTI G. -Flora Analitica d'Italia, l: 599-602. Tip. del Seminario, Padova.
  • Webb D A Buxus
  • L In
  • G Tutin T
WEBB D.A., 1968 -Buxus L. In: TUTIN T.G. et al., (ed.) -Flora Europaea, 2: 343. University Press, Cambridge.
  • Tutin T G Rhamnus
  • L In
  • G Tutin T
TUTIN T.G., 1968 -Rhamnus L. In: TUTIN T.G. et al., (ed.) -Flora Europaea, 2: 245. University Press, Cambridge.
MCUSEL, 1978) è una entità da escludere dalla flora sarda
ZANGHERI, 1976; MCUSEL, 1978) è una entità da escludere dalla flora sarda.