No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Herbal medicine -Syzygium cumini-A Review
Abstract
Plants have provided mankind with herbal remedies for many diseases for many centuries and even to day. They continue to play a major role in primary healthcare as therapeutic remedies in developing countries. In India herbal medicines have been the bases of treatment and cure for various diseases in traditional methods practiced such as Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha . Syzygium cumini ( syn.Eugenia Jambolana ) commonly know as a “ Jamun ” having promising therapeutic value with its various phytoconstituents such as Tannins, Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Fatty acids, Phenols, Minerals, Carbohydrates and Vitamins. Its pharmacological actions like hypoglycaemic, diuretics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplaque, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoel, antioxidant,gastro-protective and astringent to bowels proven on animal models. Most importantly the studies have shown that it protects against the radiation induced DNA damage and it has significantly decreases the fertilizing capacity of the male albino rats, some clinical trial reports are also available for its antidiabetic activity.
... The native place of Syzygium cumini is India or East Indies. It is likewise shown in many other regions of the world [12]. The former studies on stem bark of the Syzygium cumini has reported several medicinal properties like carminative, astringent, refrigerant, digestive, stomachic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and used for gastric disorder, intrinsic hemorrhage, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, thirst, diuretic, antibacterial, Febrifuge, skin diseases, strangury, wounds, leucorrhoea, fever, dysentery, chronic diarrhea and menorrhagia [11][12][13][14][15]. ...
... It is likewise shown in many other regions of the world [12]. The former studies on stem bark of the Syzygium cumini has reported several medicinal properties like carminative, astringent, refrigerant, digestive, stomachic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and used for gastric disorder, intrinsic hemorrhage, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, thirst, diuretic, antibacterial, Febrifuge, skin diseases, strangury, wounds, leucorrhoea, fever, dysentery, chronic diarrhea and menorrhagia [11][12][13][14][15]. ...
... The previous phytochemicals investigation carried out on the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Syzygium cumini showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sucrose, saponins, proteins, phenols, euginin and a fatty acid ester, resin, phytosterol, myricyl alcohol, bergenin, friedelin, friedelinol, lignan derivatives, pentacyclic triterpenoid-betulinic acid [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Even though the reports regarding the phytochemicals and toxicity studies exist, the correlative cellular architecture of various organs lacks in the literature. ...
Objective: The current subject field was carried out to evaluate phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study of the stem bark of Syzygium cumini. Methods: The ethanol extraction was made by the Soxhlet extraction method. Phytochemical screening was performed by applying standard methods. The oral administration of the drug in treating a group is done by using a curved ball-tipped intubation needle affixed to a 3 ml syringe and animal’s observed from cage side observations. All the animals were anesthetized with ether anesthesia; blood was collected from orbital puncture and analysis was made by standard methods. Several organs were collected by dissecting abdominal, thoracic and cranial cavities and each weighed by using a sensitive electronic balance. Fixation was made with 10% buffered formalin and processed for histological embedding by Carleton's histological techniques. Statistical data analyzed by statistical software Sigma Plot 10. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols and amino acids. The oral acute toxicity study showed no detectable clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during the study period of 14 d. There were no statistically significant alterations in body weights, organ weights, and hematological parameters compared to control group. The microscopic anatomy of the reproductive organs and liver showed normal architecture. Conclusion: The outcome of the study showed that the LD50 of the drug was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The phytochemicals present in stem bark of Syzygium cumini can be employed in the fabrication of innovative medication for several diseases. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
... The greenish yellow leaves are 5-15 cm long oppositely arranged, elliptic to broadly oblong with entire margins. The flowers are clusters on old twigs at the back of leaves [34,35]. ...
... Ancient literature by Sushruta advocates the use of jamun in cases of obesity, vaginal discharges, menstrual disorders and a cold infusion for intrinsic haemorrhage. Jamun is also an efficient analgesic, antiallergic, antiinflammatory, antiplaque, antimicrobial and antiviral plant [34]. Prior to the discovery of insulin, jamun seeds were used as the primary control for diabetes along with some other hypoglycaemic plants. ...
... Potent anticonvulsant activity is also seen by oral treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of jamun seeds. Methanol extract of dried seeds has also been associated with antihistaminic activity [34]. Alcoholic extracts of bark and seeds of jamun have shown excellent fungicidal activity against different species of Aspergillus and Candida. ...
Health issues are increasing parallel to the sophistication and success of science and technology. In the run, traditional wisdom of natural plant remedies has been forgotten and the entire faith has been laid on modern medicines, many of which come with questionable aftereffects. However, the realisation of these harmful effects has led to revival of the traditional knowledge. Furthermore, it has also paved the way for investigation of the efficacy of many plants on much feared pathogens and diseases prevalent today. The review summarizes the application of a few Indian plants in traditional medications as powerful healers and brings out their novel uses in modern research, with primary focus on antimicrobial activities – Acacia arabica, Azadirachta indica, Eugenia jambolana, Lawsonia inermis, Ocimum sanctum and Withania somnifera.
... According to the seeds' fatty acid profiles, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, malvalic, and sterculic acids are the most prevalent fatty acids, and -sitosterol is the major phytosterol. (Dangour et al, 2009) [11] (Jadhav et al, 2009) [17] . Banerjee et al, 2011 [4] reported antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract against two gram positive (S. ...
... According to the seeds' fatty acid profiles, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, malvalic, and sterculic acids are the most prevalent fatty acids, and -sitosterol is the major phytosterol. (Dangour et al, 2009) [11] (Jadhav et al, 2009) [17] . Banerjee et al, 2011 [4] reported antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract against two gram positive (S. ...
... The brown colored powder exhibits a limited number of parenchymatous cells and numerous rounded and oval starch grains, ranging in size from 7 to 28 µ in diameter [84]. ...
... Both stone cells and fibres are found either individually or in clusters throughout this region. The phloem rays are typically 1 to 4 cells wide and contain reddish-brown content, along with rosette-shaped calcium oxalate crystals and uncomplicated, round to oval starch grains that measure between 5 and 11µ in diameter [84]. ...
... Methanol extract of dried seeds at doses of 50 mg/kg i.p. to rats was found more effective against yeast induced pyrexia. [41] CNS related Activity De Lima et.al. showed that different extracts, fractions and sub fractions from the seeds of S. cumini showed behavioural effects in mice which, according to authors, were related to the anticonvulsant actions besides hypothermic effect. ...
... [64] Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity: Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of S. cumini showed antihyperlipidemic activity at dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight on drug induced diabetic rats. [41] Seeds of S. cumini also exhibited hypolipidemic effects on diabetic rats. [65,66] This had relation with the flavonoids content of the seed. ...
... Entire plant of E. jambos (seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, flower and bark) is renowned for its medicinal value (Ayyanar and Subash-Babu, 2012). In various diseases curing applications phytochemicals of jamun seeds are successively leading its usage (Jadhav et al., 2009). Due to the presence of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals jamun pulp and skin also hold significant therapeutic properties (Li et al., 2009). ...
... and 1.5-12.0 mg/mL (Jadhav et al., 2009). Such extract is also detrimental on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris (Mathur et al., 2011). ...
... [9, [41][42][43][44]. Although the role of secondary metabolites is the defense of the plant, they are extremely important for human health [45,5] polyphenols can play an important role in preventing gastrointestinal disorders [46]; also, many alkaloids have been shown to have antidiarrheal or antihypertensive effects [47]. way ANOVA followed by the for human health [45,5], for example, polyphenols can play an important role in preventing gastrointestinal disorders [46]; also, many alkaloids have been shown to have antidiarrheal or antihypertensive effects To investigate whether the secondary metabolites present in the EHS-SC extract have any pharmacological activity, a preliminary screening was carried out to assess the presence of spasmolytic activity and a possible mechanism of action of EHS-SC in isolated smooth muscle tissues. ...
... Although the role of secondary metabolites is the defense of the plant, they are extremely important for human health [45,5] polyphenols can play an important role in preventing gastrointestinal disorders [46]; also, many alkaloids have been shown to have antidiarrheal or antihypertensive effects [47]. way ANOVA followed by the for human health [45,5], for example, polyphenols can play an important role in preventing gastrointestinal disorders [46]; also, many alkaloids have been shown to have antidiarrheal or antihypertensive effects To investigate whether the secondary metabolites present in the EHS-SC extract have any pharmacological activity, a preliminary screening was carried out to assess the presence of spasmolytic activity and a possible mechanism of action of EHS-SC in isolated smooth muscle tissues. ...
Aims: Perform the phytochemical analysis and investigate the spasmolytic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from S. cumini seeds (EHS-SC). Study Design: Qualitative phytochemical analysis and test of the EHS-SC on isolated smooth muscles (aorta, trachea, jejunum and uterus) of rat, to value effect relaxant and/or inhibitor. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacognosy Laboratory II (Pharmacy course) and Pharmacology Research and Post-Graduate Laboratory (Department of Physiological Sciences) of the Federal University of Maranhão, between January 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: EHS-SC was submitted to phytochemical analysis and changes in color, fluorescence and absence or presence of precipitate were observed. The smooth muscle segments were suspended (tension of 1 g) in glass vats containing specific saline solution, at an appropriate temperature and after stabilization period, was stimulated by a suitable contractile agent to observe the effect of EHS-SC in the phasic and/or tonic component. Results: EHS-SC showed the majority presence of phenols, steroids, alkaloids and flavonoids (flavones, xanthones, flavonols) and was more potent in inhibiting phasic contractions induced by 10-6 M carbachol (CCh) in isolated rat jejunum (Emax: 83.5 ± 6.7%; n = 3). In addition, the EHS-SC (81.0; 243.0 and 729 µg/mL) antagonized the CCh effect (n = 4), increasing the EC50 (6.5 ± 1.3 x 10-7 M) of the CCh to 8.5 ± 1.1; 18.5 ± 3.4 and 40.5 ± 7.4 x 10-7 M and reducing the Emax (100%) of the CCh to 82.9 ± 10.5; 67.6 ± 6.0 and 10.1 ± 8.3%. Conclusion: Spasmolytic activity may be combined with antimicrobial and antidiarrheal activity according to literature data, where they show that the seeds have the same secondary metabolites, signaling the therapeutic potential for the treatment of colic and/or diarrhea.
... Phytochemicals can protect human from diseases. Phytochemicals are non nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties (Jadhav V M et al, 2009). ...
... Taxonomical classification:(Veeram anjali et al, 2017, Jadhav V M et al, 2009 ...
Syzygium cumini, generally bearing small black-purple drupes, is indigenous to Indian subcontinent and has diverse biological activities. It is also known as "jambul" & "kala jamun" in India. It belongs to the family Myrtaceae, the members of which have often antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial activities. Syzygium cumini has traditionally been used for its rich nutrition and medicinal value. It has diverse pharmacological actions. Different parts of plant (like bark, leaves, seeds, fruit etc.) have been used medicinally in treatment of various diseases. Seeds of Syzygium cumini have showed as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic activities. Leaves of Syzygium cumini have been used for their antibacterial & antidysenteric actions. Seeds of Syzygium cumini have been used as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, & anticancer. Bark of Syzygium cumini has been used as diuretic. The ripe fruits of Syzygium cumini were found to have cardiovascular effects like hypotensive, vasorelaxant & antihypertensive in rats. Syzygium cumini has been used in diabetes since ages. Apart from this, it has also shown anti-allergic, anti-fungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anticlastogenic, antidiarrhoeal, antifertility, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, radioprotective, chemoprotective, and hepatoprotective effetcs. This review will provide a platform for future researchers to describe the existing data on the information on traditional and medicinal use of the Syzygium cumini plant.
... The tree has been introduced from India to many tropical regions such as East and West Africa, West Indies, and other sub-tropical regions such as California, Florida, and Algeria. 4 Previous phytochemical studies showed that the leaves of S. cumini are rich in flavonoids including quercetin, myricitrin, and myricetin; triterpenes such as maslinic acid and betulinic acid; and sterols such as βsitosterol. Its fruits contain anthocyanins, cyanidin diglycosides, malic acid, oxalic acid, gallic acid, and sugars. ...
... [7] Fig. 1 Characteristic features of Jamun 2. Stem: Mature bark, the cork layer exhibits a broad zone of differentiated cork, which is divided into upper and lower cork zone, collectively forming Rhytidome, the cork comprises tangentially elongated rectangular cells. [3] 3. The upper layer consists of thick cells, stratified and reddish brown in color; this layer contains a group of 2-4 stone cells and crushed phloem. The lower cork zone is thin and colorless. ...
Plants have provided mankind with herbal cosmetics for many centuries and their utilization has been continuously increasing over the time. Syzygium cumini belonging to the family Myrtaceae commonly known as Eugenia jambolana is rich in phytochemicals. Jamun or Black Plum, is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent including countries such as Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan. The tree flourishes in tropical and subtropical climates, often growing in forests, riverbanks and open fields. The investigations on the cosmetic values of jamun that have been conducted recently are the main topic of this review. These formulations of Jamun are characterized by incorporation of beneficial properties such as anti-aging, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and also reduce photoaging. Key phytoconstituents include tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic acid and Essential oils. Syzygium cumini exhibits both Pharmacological and Ayurvedic benefits, providing a valuable component in cosmetic formulations. According to literature review and various research studies Syzygium cumini (leaf) and (seed) oils showed anticollagenase, anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase activities. Thus S. cumini oils should be considered for cosmetic preparations for the manifestation of healthy skin. Jamun can bring a paradigm shift in the cosmetic as well as cosmeceutical industry.
... Native to the Indian subcontinent, Syzygium cumini is an evergreen tree also known as Pumpkin, Jamun, Indian Blackberry, Black plum, and Kalajam. The synonyms of Syzygium cumini are Eugenia djouant Perr Syzygium jambolana Lam., Eugenia cumini, Eugenia jambolana Lam., and Myrtus cumini Linn [12]. Different parts of Syzygium cumini tree such as fruits, bark, leaves, seeds already reported to contain diverse types of phytochemicals like anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid, polyphenol derivatives, malic acid, gallic acid, and oxalic acid. ...
Background: From the ancient time, medicinal plants are utilized to mitigate different disease. In Ayurveda and Siddha indigenous medicinal systems, the bark of Syzygium cumini (L.) (Myrtaceae) is used for sore bronchitis, asthma, throat, dysentery, seasickness and ulcers. Objectives: The present experiment was executed to explore the anti-inflammatory property of Syzygium cumini fruit from it’s methanolic extract through phytochemical screening as well as the in-silico approach. Methods: In this experiment, standard method such as human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilizing method was utilized to discover the phytochemical responsible for anti-inflammatory activity present in methanolic crude extract of Syzygium cumini fruits. In-silico ADME/T and molecular docking study was performed to assess the potential of stated phytochemicals against Cyclooxygenase-II enzyme. Findings: The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and saponins were confirmed by phytochemical screening. In membrane stabilizing method, the extract showed a maximum membrane stabilizing effect on HRBC with 62.381% at 1000 µg/mL in hypotonic solution 37.619% hemolysis were found when compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited 87.143% protection. Twenty-three phytochemicals exhibit notable pharmacokinetics properties and passed drug likeness screening test in silico. In molecular docking study, Dihydromyricetin showed docking score (-9.1 kJ/mol) near as high as standard drug Celecoxib (-9.5 kJ/mol) with significant non-bonding interactions with target enzyme. Conclusions: The result of the present study demonstrates a favorable baseline in progression for the possible use of fruit of Syzygium cumini to treat inflammation.
... It is consumed by all sections of people in India because of its ease availability and low-priced. Jamun having promising therapeutic value with its various phytoconstituents such as Tannins, Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Fatty acids, Phenols, Minerals, Carbohydrates and Vitamins (Jadhav et al., 2009). Ripped Jamun is delicious in taste and edible portion comprises approximately 80% water with almost solids 14%. ...
India enjoys a prominent position on the pomological map of the world. However several fruits like Aonla, Custard Apple, Bael, Wood Apple, Jamun and Tamarind etc. have limited market value due to acidic and perishable nature and astringent taste. These fruits are generally categorized as underutilized fruits, however due to nutritive, therapeutic and medicinal values, these fruits hold potential for value addition through processing. These fruits are usually used to prepare several value added products for domestic use and with limited efforts, these product can be promoted for commercial production and marketing. Women being traditionally aware about value addition processes, could prepare Squash, Jelly, Jam, Syrup, Pickle, Chutney, Preserved Pulp, Blended Beverage, Churan Powder, Barfi, Laddoo, Sugar Syrup etc. with limited efforts and small investments. In this paper we review literature on production, uses and value addition techniques etc., developed by various research organizations and scientists. Thus, promoting value addition of underutilized fruits may not only bring a change in financial status of scores of farm women but can improve profit margins, reduce post-harvest loss, increase export and contribute to economic growth of country.
... members of the genus Syzygium have been used for a broad range of medicinal purposes by traditional healers of a wide variety of ethnic and cultural groups. For example, the essential oil of S. aromaticum is traditionally used in the treatment of burns and wounds, as a pain reliever in dental care, as well as treating tooth infections and toothache (Batiha et al. 2020). in addition, S. cordatum and S. guineese are used in abdominal pain, indigestion, and diarrhoea (dharani 2016), whereas S. cumini is used in dysentery, menorrhagia, asthma, and ulcers (Jadhav et al. 2009). Furthermore, S. jambos is traditionally used to treat haemorrhage, syphilis, leprosy, wounds, ulcers, and lung diseases (Reis et al. 2021), while S. malaccense is used to treat mouth ulcers and irregular menstruation (Karioti et al. 2007). ...
this study was designed to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Syzygium variolosum (King) Chantar. & J.parn. and their cytotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase, antityrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activities. in total, 32 chemical components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 98.9%. the essential oil is mainly composed of β-elemene (20.2%), bicyclogermacrene (13.5%), viridiflorol (11.1%), globulol (8.6%), and selin-11-en-4α-ol (5.3%). acetylcholinesterase, antityrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated with the Ellman method, mushroom tyrosinase, and lipoxygenase enzymes, respectively, while cytotox-icity was assessed using an mtt assay. the results showed that essential oil gave significant percentage inhibition (i%: acetylcholin-esterase 35.2%, antityrosinase 42.5%, lipoxygenase 48.6%). Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, HepG2, mCF7, and a549, with iC50 values ranging from 90.2 to 95.2 μg/mL. the current study highlights the potential of the use of essential oils as an alternative to the development of pharmaceutical antichemopreventives or cosmetics.
... Various plants of the genus Syzygium have a famous role in ethno-medicine. For instance, S. cumini (L.) Skeels has been used in the treatments of diarrhea, dysentery, menorrhagia, and ulcers [9]. Traditionally, S. jambos L. (Alston) has been recommended for the treatment of hemorrhages, syphilis, leprosy, ulcers, wounds, and lung diseases [10]. ...
The essential oils of five Vietnamese Syzygium species (Syzygium levinei, S. acuminatissimum, S. vestitum, S. cumini, and S. buxifolium) were first hydro-distilled and analyzed using GC-FID/MS (gas chromatography–flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were the main chemical classes in these oils. All these essential oils showed good–excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, and the yeast Candida albicans. S. levinei leaf essential oil, rich in bicyclogermacrene (25.3%), (E)-β-elemene (12.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.2%), and β-selinene (7.4%), as well as S. acuminatissimum fruit essential oil containing (E)-caryophyllene (14.2%), α-pinene (12.1%), caryophyllene oxide (10.9%), β-selinene (10.8%), α-selinene (8.0%), and α-humulene (5.7%), established the same MIC value of 8 µg/mL against E. faecalis and B. cereus, which were much better than the positive control streptomycin (MIC 128–256 µg/mL). The studied essential oils showed the potential to defend against mosquitoes since they caused the 24 and 48 h LC50 values of less than 50 µg/mL against the growth of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti larvae. Especially, S. buxifolium leaf essential oil strongly inhibited Ae. aegypti larvae with 24 and 48 h LC50 values of 6.73 and 6.73 µg/mL, respectively, and 24 and 48 h LC90 values of 13.37 and 10.83 µg/mL, respectively. These findings imply that Vietnamese Syzygium essential oils might have potential for use as supplemental antibacterial agents or as “green” alternatives for the control of mosquitoes.
... Traditional texts describe preparations of the leaves of flowers promote hair growth and prevent greying 138 . Alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers are claimed to provide women with control of their fertility 139 . Extracts from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have also been found to have antibacterial 140 and wound healing properties 141 . ...
Wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. Wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (re-epithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating granulation tissue rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including non-healing, hypertrophic scarring and chronic ulceration. Various plant products have been used in the treatment of wounds over the years. Recognizing the important role of traditional plants, we have undertaken an extensivesurvey of literature reporting the use of medicinal plants for wounds. We describe the activeingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses of 8 medicinal plant species. Several species including curcuma longa, honey, Terminalia chebula, Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Arctium lappa, Commiphora myrrha, showing wound healing activities by their antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
... In Ayurveda, another important application is mixing the powder with oil; it has been proven effective in treating burns (Gordon et al., 2011). Decoction prepared from the Jamun stem or bark has been used as a curative agent against asthma and bronchitis (Ranjan et al., 2011), an ingredient in the mouth-wash and gargle mix, effective treatment for spongy gums and stomatitis while, the throat refreshing and relaxing properties of the extract have recently been investigated (Jadhav et al., 2009). Some of the applications have been worked out in foods by mixing the bark powder with yogurt, which is considered effective in treating menorrhagia (Swami et al., 2012). ...
Jamun is a valuable therapeutic plant in India and is also referred to as “Black Jamun” while, all the plant parts, i.e., leaves, bark, fruit, roots, and seeds, have therapeutic applications. The fruits are perishable seasonal berries containing the pulp and are processed into several value-added products like health drinks, juices, squashes, jellies, and wine leaving behind kernels as a significant waste. The kernels are not only rich in carbohydrates, protein, minerals, and crude fibers but also contain a substantial variety of biogenic phytochemicals with versatile applications in both the food and nonfood industries. The enormous functional properties of these bioactive compounds get well-reported while the plant parts are used to produce a variety of traditional medicines with antioxidants, anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, nephroprotective, and anti-diarrheal activities. Amongst all, the anti-diabetic properties are the most promising and explored as the seeds contain jambosin, alkaloid, and anti-mellin or jambolin glycosides, which impede the diastatic starch to sugar conversion. The plant has a long history of therapeutic applications with limited documented evidence to support its use. Health-conscious people often seek healthy diets loaded with natural substances with the highest functional properties, which has resulted in increased consumption of Jamun fruits in the recent past. Thus, there is a need to evolve, establish and document the traditional medicinal use of the Jamun with strong scientific rationales to outspread its consumption further. Therefore, the present era demands scientific intervention to explore this plant for its utilization in the food and pharmacy industry.
... Aspergillus sp. is one of the most common mycotoxins that have the ability to produce mycotoxins in food and feed. These mycotoxins are carcinogenic substances that settle or store in the livers of animals and humans, leading to liver damage (Jadhav et al., 2009) The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of S. cumini (L.) (pomposia) extracts and active ingredients as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. ...
... On the other hand, herbal extracts are estimated to have similar effectiveness, without any side-effects, to that of conventional treatments. A number of scientific studies in animals have substantiated the role of jambul in the management of diabetes (Jadhav et al. 2009). A glycoside in the seed named as jamboline. ...
According to Ayurveda, different parts of jamun tree possess various medicinal properties. Many properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidant and antidiabetic are shown by jamun. In the present review important effects such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radio-protective effects also have been studied.
... Dharani, 2016). S. cumini is used in diarrhea, dysentery, menorrhagia, asthma, and ulcers (Jadhav et al., 2009). S. jambos (L.) is traditionally used to treat hemorrhages, syphilis, leprosy, wounds, ulcers, and lung diseases (Reis et al., 2021). ...
The genus Syzygium comprises 1200–1800 species that belong to the family of Myrtaceae. Moreover, plants that are belonged to this genus are being used in the traditional system of medicine in Asian countries, especially in China, India, and Bangladesh. The aim of this review is to describe the scientific works and to provide organized information on the available traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of mostly available species of the genus Syzygium in Bangladesh. The information related to genus Syzygium was analytically composed from the scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Research Gate link, published books, and conference proceedings. Bioactive compounds such as flavanone derivatives, ellagic acid derivatives and other polyphenolics, and terpenoids are reported from several species of the genus Syzygium. However, many members of the species of the genus Syzygium need further comprehensive studies regarding phytochemical constituents and mechanism‐based pharmacological activities. The information related to genus Syzygium was analytically composed from the scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Research Gate link, published books, and conference proceedings. Bioactive compounds such as flavanone derivatives, ellagic acid derivatives and other polyphenolics, and terpenoids are reported from several species of the genus Syzygium. However, many members of the species of the genus Syzygium need further comprehensive studies regarding phytochemical constituents and mechanism‐based pharmacological activities.
... Various traditional practitioners in the Indian subcontinent use the different parts of this tree in the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including diabetes, blisters in the mouth, cancer, colic, diarrhea, digestive complaints, dysentery, piles, pimples and stomachache (Rizvi and Mishra, 2013). The seeds are reported to contain jamboline, traces of pale yellow essential oil, chlorophyll, fat, resin, albumen, tannins (Jadhav et al., 2009), phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid, gallic acid, caffeic and ferulic acids and their derivatives (Williamson, 2002) and flavonoids like rutin and quercetin (Sharma et al., 2008). Health-promoting activities of phenolic compounds present in jambolan reported as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antihyperglycaemic, anticancer, cardioprotective, radioprotective, antibacterial, chemopreventive and antioxidant agents (Singh et al., 2018). ...
... The leaves of the Jamun are oblong; ovate with about 7-14 cms in its length as shown in the Figure 1. This summer fruit with its pulp is purple in color with sweet to sour in flavors [29] . It is a seasonally mostly available in the monsoon 36 . ...
Jamun tree (Syzygium cumini L.) is a precious medicinal plant of the Myrtaceae family which has been used in the traditional medicine of India and the world. Geographical distribution and the botanical description has been reported in this review. Indian Black plum is extensively used in Ayurveda medicine, and it is used to cure cough, cold, asthma, allergic, inflammation and piles. The flower extract of this plant have antimicrobial activities and has about 10 mineral content in XRD analysis in various studies. The most important phytochemical studies of Jamun plum tree originated in 17 th century. To date, about 35 components including cyanogenic glycoside, tannins, gallitannins, gallic acid, triterpenoids and essential oil have been extracted from different parts of the plant. With literature study, about the Jamun fruit is against 12 microbes with antimicrobial activity has been reported in the different parts of the black cherry. In general, the results of this study indicate that the Indian black cherry due to the effective phytochemical properties, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti Leishmaniasis, anti-obese Heptoprotective, Gastroprotective, anti-viral activities etc., it can be used to boost up the immune system treat of various diseases which can be used as an vital multi target therapeutic medicinal plant especially during this pandemic outbreak which battle against Covid-19 disease.
... It is consumed by all sections of people in India because of its ease availability and low-priced. Jamun having promising therapeutic value with its various phytoconstituents such as Tannins, Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Fatty acids, Phenols, Minerals, Carbohydrates and Vitamins (Jadhav et al., 2009). Ripped Jamun is delicious in taste and edible portion comprises approximately 80% water with almost solids 14%. ...
... The plant is reported for the presence of phenolic compounds, especially tannins (Bhatia and Bajaj 1975) and lignans (Mir et al. 2009), as well as natural colourants used for textile colouration (Manicketh et al. 2020). S.cumini is considered to be safe against various health diseases as bronchitis, ulcers and diabetes (Jadhav et al. 2009) and fungal infection (Jabeen and Javaid 2010). In addition, the cytotoxic potential is also reported (Stephan 2012) where the methanol extract of the seed caused suppression of cell survival in human breast cancer (MCF-7cell line) in a concentration-dependent manner (Ruthurusamy et al. 2015), while that of the fruit showed significant apoptosis against HeLa cell line (Barh and Viswanathan 2008). ...
LC-HR-MS-coupled metabolic profiling of the methanol extracts from different parts of Syzygium cumini (L.), which was extensively identified via DNA fingerprinting, led to dereplication of 24 compounds. Cytotoxic investigation highlighted both extracts as the most potent, against both MCF-7 and MDA-231 Cell lines, with IC 50 value of 5.86 ± 0.63 mg/ml and against HCT À116 cell line, with IC 50 value of 1.24 ± 0.09 mg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was performed on the dereplicated compounds, which highlighted myricetin-3-glucoside (7), myricitrin (12), reynoutrin (15) and quercitrin (16) as the top scoring ligands within the protein active site (FIH-1). Interestingly, the extracts were significant against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the order of flowers > seeds > leaves with BGL level of 98.9 ± 4.3, 123.2 ± 4.9 and 132.8 ± 5.9 mg/dl, respectively. The study highlights the health benefits of Syzygium cumini (L.) as a promising cytotoxic source. ARTICLE HISTORY
... The plant is reported for the presence of phenolic compounds, especially tannins (Bhatia and Bajaj 1975) and lignans (Mir et al. 2009), as well as natural colourants used for textile colouration (Manicketh et al. 2020). S.cumini is considered to be safe against various health diseases as bronchitis, ulcers and diabetes (Jadhav et al. 2009) and fungal infection (Jabeen and Javaid 2010). In addition, the cytotoxic potential is also reported (Stephan 2012) where the methanol extract of the seed caused suppression of cell survival in human breast cancer (MCF-7cell line) in a concentration-dependent manner (Ruthurusamy et al. 2015), while that of the fruit showed significant apoptosis against HeLa cell line (Barh and Viswanathan 2008). ...
LC-HR-MS-coupled metabolic profiling of the methanol extracts from different parts of Syzygium cumini (L.), which was extensively identified via DNA fingerprinting, led to dereplication of 24 compounds. Cytotoxic investigation highlighted both extracts as the most potent, against both MCF-7 and MDA-231 Cell lines, with IC50 value of 5.86 ± 0.63 µg/ml and against HCT −116 cell line, with IC50 value of 1.24 ± 0.09 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was performed on the dereplicated compounds, which highlighted myricetin-3-glucoside (7), myricitrin (12), reynoutrin (15) and quercitrin (16) as the top scoring ligands within the protein active site (FIH-1). Interestingly, the extracts were significant against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the order of flowers > seeds > leaves with BGL level of 98.9 ± 4.3, 123.2 ± 4.9 and 132.8 ± 5.9 mg/dl, respectively. The study highlights the health benefits of Syzygium cumini (L.) as a promising cytotoxic source.
Cytotoxic and anti-diabetic potential, metabolic profiling and insilico studies of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels belonging to family MyrtaceaeAll authors
Seham Salah Eldin Elhawary, Amira kamal Eldin Elmotayam, Doaa kamel Alsayed, Eman Maher Zahran, Merivat Ahmed Fouad, Amany Ameen Sleem, Hanan Elimam , Mohamed H. Rashed, Alaa M. Hayallah, Anber F. Mohammed & Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1843032
Published online
04 November 2020
... The ovoid fruits are 1.5-3.5 cm long berries, dark purple or nearly black, dark purplish-red, shiny, with white to lavender flesh. The fruit contains a single large seed, 2 cm long [17,23,37]. ...
This article attempts to report native growth, plant description, phytochemical constituents and bio-activities of Syzygium aqueum, S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. guineense and S. samarangense. Those are the large public species in the Syzygium genus and some of them have been used as traditional medicines. Different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits, barks, stem barks and flower buds) of each species plant are rich in phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and phenolics. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities are reported in various extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) from different parts of Syzygium sp. The bioactiv-ities were studied by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for antioxidant, 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium and 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for anticancer, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays for antidiabetic, agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay for toxicity. Moreover, this review shows that phytochemical constituents of each species significantly presented various bioactivities. Therefore, this review suggests that there is great potential for obtaining the lead drug from these species.
... S. cumini L. (family, Myrtaceae) is a large evergreen tree and a tropical fruit tree of great economic importance. Commonly known as Jambul tree the plant is found almost everywhere in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Indonesia [1]. ...
... The earlier studies on the Syzygium cumini stem bark has been reported several medicinal properties like antidiabetic, carminative, astringent, refrigerant, digestive, stomachic, gastric disorder, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, intrinsic hemorrhage, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, thirst, diuretic, antibacterial, febrifuge, skin diseases, strangury, wounds, fever, dysentery, chronic diarrhea, leucorrhoea, and menorrhagia (Jadhav VM et al., 2009;Salim and Paarakh, 2009). The previous study on the phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the Syzygium cumini plant bark showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sugars, amino acids, proteins, sterols and absence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins (Venugopal et al., 2016). ...
... Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is a tropical plant widely distributed in different countries of the world such as India, Sri Lanka, Australia and Malaysia 1 .It has been attributed in the Indian folklore system of medicine to possess various medicinal properties 2 .Different parts of this plant, such as fruits, seeds and leaves are reported to have antidiarrheal 3,4 , hypoglycemic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory 5,6 , and antibacterial 7 properties. It has been valued in Ayurveda for possessing astringent, digestive, acrid and wound healing properties 2 . ...
Syzygium cumini is well known for its medicinal values in the indigenous Indian system of medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of methanolic (SCM), ethanolic (SCE) and aqueous (SCA) extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds on arsenic-induced blood cell genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) arsenic, (3) SCM, (4) SCE and (5) SCA. After completion of 60 days treatment period, comet assays were performed on isolated blood lymphocytes and serum marker assays indicative of hepatic toxicity were carried out. Arsenic exposed rats expressed significantly higher DNA damage in their lymphocytes than the unexposed rats. Increased activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and decreased levels of total proteins were observed in arsenic exposed rats. Simultaneous administration of Syzygium cumini seed extracts significantly decreased the arsenic-induced DNA damage and hepatotoxicity. The amelioration of arsenic toxicity was more pronounced with methanolic extract compared to ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds.
... Traditional texts describe preparations of the leaves and flowers promote hair growth and prevent greying [184]. Alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers are claimed to provide women with control of their fertility [185]. Extracts from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have also been found to have antibacterial [186] and wound healing properties [187]. ...
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica , Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa , which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
... Eugenia jambolana (Jambu) [37] Myrtaceae Leaf Galactoseinduced sugar cataracts ...
Human eye is one of the most sensitive organs of human body and is permanently exposed to different environmental agents. Common disease of human eye includes conjunctivitis, cataract, ocular allergies, glaucoma and inflammation, etc. Herbal drugs are the main stay for the treatment of ocular diseases in the recent past in view of the side effects of allopathic drugs. Main cause of blindness in the world is cataract among which 50% of cases are even in both developed and developing countries. Cataract is an ocular disorder which is very often treated by means of low cost and safe surgical procedure. This review helps in brief description of literature related different plant materials that helps in the treatment of cataract without surgery.
... Recently, great attention has been devoted to the use of natural compounds. India is one of the Nations blessed with a rich heritage of traditional medicinal systems [1]. When the man is increasing complexities by adding free radicals, nature is helping him by supplying immense natural antioxidants which inactivate the free radicals and stop unwanted oxidation in the body which involve the free radicals formation [2]. ...
Objective: Diabetes, the “third killer” of mankind, is now a global burden affecting nearly 10% of the population. The present study aimed at pharmacognostical evaluation of Syzygium cumini seed powder, phytochemical profiling, total phenolic, and flavonoid content determination and to ascertain its antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters of the seed powder were determined by using standard methods as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini seed at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight (bw) were given orally in alloxan-induced (150mg/kg, i.p) diabetic rats daily for three weeks.Results: physicochemical parameters complied with the API standards. Phytochemical profiling revealed that the extract contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The extract is rich in phenolic compounds which were 177.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (GAE/g dry weight) and showed significant percentage inhibition compared to standard ascorbic acid. The extract reduced the fasting blood sugar (FBS) level by 46.67–52.67% which is very close to the standard drug glibenclamide (reduced FBS by 65.58%). It also improved the bw by 18.20–20.41% after extract treatment where the standard drug increased the bw by 22.95% of the diabetic rats.Conclusion: In conclusion, Syzygium cumini seed extract is rich in phenolic compounds. Results suggested that the extract possesses significant radical (DPPH) scavenging activity and FBS lowering potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
... hirta) using HPLC analysis. Tawa-tawa was proven to be effective in increasing platelet levels by Apostol et al. [13], De Guzman et al. [25][26][27][28][29]. ...
... [11] The antibacterial activity with Syzygium cumini seeds ethanolic extracts that decreased blood sugar level in alloxan induced diabetic rats was also reported. [12] Shylaja et al. [13] reported that ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Syzygium cumini showed maximum inhibitory activity against the gram positive bacterial strains. The Antibacterial, antifertility, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities with S. cumini extracts prepared using various parts of the plant were reported by Perumal Samy et al. [14] , Rajasekaran et al. [15] , Nikhat et al. [16] , Nikhat et al. [17] , Prince et al. [18] The leaf and bark extracts of Syzygium cumini prepared using ethanol and methanol did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. ...
Screening of medicinal plants for bioactive compounds is useful to develop drugs with improved safety and efficacy. The available literature about Syzygium cumini revealed the multiple health benefits of this multipurpose tree. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Syzygium cumini leaf and bark prepared using ethanol and methanol. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Both leaf and bark extracts prepared using ethanol and methanol were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria whereas the extracts were ineffective in inhibiting the growth of fungi.
... Hot water extract of dried fruits is used for stomach ulcers, reduce acidity and for diabetes. The ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini seeds decreased blood sugar level in alloxan induced diabetic rats also having antibacterial activity 9,13 . ...
Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is traditionally used for various treatments in Ayurveda. Worldwide evidences have been observed for its therapeutic action by many scientists. The whole plant (Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, Fruits and Bark) is being used for its therapeutic action. The present review focuses on traditional uses of Jamun along with advanced therapeutic actions. In Ayurveda the Jamun is used as Grahi, Vatakara, Shramahara, Pittahara, Dahahara Kantartihara and to control Shosha, Krimi, Atisara, Kasa, Vishtambhini, etc. As per many scientists Jamun contains various phytochemicals present in seeds, leaves, fruits and other parts which possess many therapeutic actions viz. Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Antidiarrhoea, Antidysentry and Anti-allergic. Various value added food products can be prepared from jamun fruits such as Juice, RTS, Squash, Wine, Jam, Jelly, Cheese, Toffee, etc. The pulp or seeds powder can be fortified with some Indian traditional food products to increase its functional characteristics.
... Eugenia jambolana (Jambu) [37] Myrtaceae Leaf Galactoseinduced sugar cataracts ...
Human eye is one of the most sensitive organs of human body and is permanently exposed to different environmental agents. Common disease of human eye includes conjunctivitis, cataract, ocular allergies, glaucoma and inflammation, etc. Herbal drugs are the main stay for the treatment of ocular diseases in the recent past in view of the side effects of allopathic drugs. Main cause of blindness in the world is cataract among which 50% of cases are even in both developed and developing countries. Cataract is an ocular disorder which is very often treated by means of low cost and safe surgical procedure. This review helps in brief description of literature related different plant materials that helps in the treatment of cataract without surgery.
... Stem of S. cumini tree contains betulinic acid, ß-sitosterol, friedelin, epi-friedelanol and eugenin. The plant possess antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, gastroprotective, antiviral, antibacterial activity, etc [Jadhav et al., 2009]. Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera were inhibited by methanol extract of S. cumini seeds at 1100 μg/mL and its ethanol extract at 2500 μg/mL. ...
... S. cumini fruit, leaves, seeds and bark have a long traditional use as alternative medicine as well as can also be used to treat a range of ailments of mankind. [9,10] Although, it is mostly known for its use in the treatment of diabetes as well as the source for natural antioxidants. [11][12][13][14]. ...
Objective: To study variability in respect to physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics of fruits. Methods: The twelve accessions with uniform growth and vigour were selected to study physico-chemical characteristics of the fruits. Physical analysis was performed by different qualitative methods in the seed and pulp of fruits of different maturity stages. Results: The selected accessions were characterized on the basis of physico-chemical screening by comparing presence of phytoconstituents at different stages of maturity in different parts of the fruits. The preliminary phytochemical screening in pulp and seed of fruits of different accessions clearly indicates the significant difference among all the accessions. The dendrogram was constructed to examine the variability in relation to physico-chemical attributes of different accessions. The cluster analysis was carried out based on physico-chemical attributes of the fruits of different accessions that grouped in to four major clusters. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of biochemical characteristics showed the same clustering of accessions as that of the grouping of accessions showed in dendrogram based on biochemical attributes. However, accessions J–51 and J–55 that grouped together in the dendrogram from different geographical regions. The grouping of different accessions may be based on their genetic makeup of plant however, some of the variation was also observed among accessions due to change in weather conditions during growth and development of fruits. Conclusion: The significant variability was observed with respect to physico-chemical characteristics of fruits of different accessions. The S. cumini accessions grouped in to different clusters according to their physico-chemical properties that give useful insight into their genetic relationships. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. All right reserved.
... The seeds are reported to contain jamboline, traces of pale yellow essential oil, chlorophyll, fat, resin, albumen, tannins (Jadhav et al., 2009), phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid, gallic acid, caffeic and ferulic acids and their derivatives (Williamson, 2002) and flavonoids like rutin and quercetin (Sharma et al., 2008). Based on such constituents, seed extracts are expected to possess excellent astringent and antioxidant potential, which may be beneficial in relieving gastroenteritis and liver inflammation. ...
The hepatoprotective effects of seeds of Syzygium cumini L. (Family: Myrtaceae), presumed to be effective in treating gastrointestinal diseases of animals, have not been investigated before, particularly in liver damage caused by infections, chemicals and xenobiotics. Therefore, this aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effects of methanol extracts of plant seeds in chemically (CCl4) induced stress rats. Adult male, Sprague Dawley rats (n=30) were randomly segregated into 5 equal groups i.e., group-I (control), group-II (silymarin treated; 1.0 mg/kg BW), group-III (extract of Syzygium cumini seeds treated; 250 mg/kg BW), group-IV (extract treated; 500 mg/kg) and group-V (CCl4 treated; 1.5 mg/kg). Rats were treated with respective treatments for 14 consecutive days. At day 14, four hours after the last dose, an oral dose of CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg, 1:1 in olive oil) was administered to all the groups, except animals in the control group. Subsequently, 24h later, blood samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical analysis and histopathology, respectively. The values of liver function markers were found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower while serum protein level was significantly higher in control and treated groups as compared to that of the CCl4 treated group. Histological examination of liver tissues also indicated that the extract of Syzygium cumini seeds in both the doses, and silymarin protected the liver from CCl4-induced stress. It was concluded that extract of seed of Syzygium cumini has hepatoprotective activity.
... All parts of S. cumini tree, namely seeds, fruits, leaves, flower, and bark, are used in folklore medicine (Ayyanar et al., 2013;Saravanan & Pari, 2008). Pharmacological activities like chemoprotective, hypoglycaemic, hyperglycemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antihyperlipidemic, antiplaque, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, astringent to bowels, and antibacterial (Arun et al., 2011;Banerjee & Narendhirakannan, 2011;Bona et al., 2014;Brito et al., 2007;Helmstadter, 2007;Jadhav et al., 2009;Khan et al., 2011;Muruganandan et al., 2001;Rekha et al., 2010;Sharma et al., 2006) have been reported in the literature. In modern literature, S. cumini seed powder and its ethanolic extract have been proved to possess antidiabetic properties in type 2 diabetic rats (Bhuyan et al., 2010). ...
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditionally well known for its medicinal properties including antidiabetic activity.
To isolate the antidiabetic compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds and evaluate their activity using aldose reductase (AR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assays.
The dried seeds were extracted with methanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using in vitro AR and PTP 1B inhibition assays.
The highly enriched fractions obtained from broad ethyl acetate fraction yielded maslinic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (2), gallic acid (3), valoneic acid dilactone (4), rubuphenol (5), and ellagic acid (6). Structures were elucidated by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR. The initial ethyl acetate fraction showed AR inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.50 μg/mL and PTP1B enzyme inhibition with the IC50 value of 26.36 μg/mL. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 6 were found to inhibit AR with IC50 values of 0.77, 0.075, 0.165, and 0.12 μg/mL while the compounds 4, 5, and 6 inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values of 9.37, 28.14, and 25.96 μg/mL, respectively.
The results of this study demonstrate that the isolated constituents show promising in vitro antidiabetic activity and, therefore, can be candidates for in vivo biological screening using relevant models to ascertain their antidiabetic activity.
The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies. Medicinal plants, renowned for their long‐standing use in traditional medicine, offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents. This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders. This study provides an in‐depth overview of the different types of edible fruit trees in Bangladesh and their phytochemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. This work examines the scientific data supporting the neuroprotective properties of bioactive chemicals from plants. It further explores the mechanisms by which these compounds work to counteract oxidative stress, decrease inflammation, and stimulate neurogenesis. Moreover, the study investigates toxicological characteristics and bioactive components of some fruits, emphasizing the importance of further investigation to measure their safety profile comprehensively. This thorough study highlights the potential benefits of Bangladesh's edible fruit trees as a rich source of neuroprotective chemicals. It also shows that additional research might lead to novel approaches for improving brain functioning and preventing NDs.
The leaves and stem barks of Syzygium rowlandii, were considered as sources of biologically active compounds. Using the ultrasound-assisted extraction with different solvents, we obtained three types of extracts (ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and water), which were characterized by NMR and LC-MS. Quinic acid, myricetin-7-O-glucuronide, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and oleanolic acid were the most abundant compounds. Bioassays were performed showing antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. Molecular docking revealed the binding properties of some plant constituents against tested enzymes were evaluated allowing to obtain crucial information that combined chemical composition, bioassay results and in silico studies. Results showed that myricetin-7-O-glucuronide had good binding potential for tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase partially explaining the observed bioactivity. Network pharmacology also predicted desirable and potent targets for the isolated compounds in various disease pathways. Our findings suggest that S. rowlandii can be a promising source of biologically active compounds and our approach can be useful for designing functional applications, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, or cosmeceuticals.
Since the early stages of the human race, various physical discomforts, and fear of death have forced humans to utilize natural resources to get rid of their sufferings. Through the development and progression of health sciences, nutritious and medicinal plants are becoming vital natural elements widely used globally. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is such a large evergreen flowering medicinal plant belonging to Myrtaceae family and comprises therapeutic potential for many common diseases. The plant is distributed throughout the world and recognized by various local names, like Jambul, Jamun, Jamukoli, Naval, etc. Syzygium fruits, seeds, leaves, stem bark, and its secondary metabolites obtained a lot of therapeutic importance in the traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. The major therapeutically active phytochemical constituents present in the different parts of the plant are phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, essential oils, terpenes, and tannins. The various therapeutic benefits exerted by S. cumini include antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, cardio-protective, gastroprotective, antidiarrheal, antianemic, anti-cariogenic, and anti-clastogenic activity. The S. cumini fruits are consumed raw or processed through food processing techniques to produce jellies, jam, fermented beverages, wine, and other valuable food products. This chapter describes the botanical features, synonyms, geographical distribution and availability, traditional/ ethnomedicinal/ local uses, cultivation and collection, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents, and their bioactivities, therapeutic, food processing and other applications, toxicological studies, recent advancements, challenges and future recommendations of the plant, S. cumini.
Rice-based crackers with functional properties were formulated according to Taguchi’s L8 design using four variables; flour composite (a0 = rice: wheat flour in 50:50 ratio, a1 = rice: wheat: corn: green gram flour in 50:40:5:5 ratio), dehydrated Moringa oleifera leaves powder (DML) (b0 = 0%, b1 = 1%), dehydrated Spirulina powder (DSP) (c0 = 0%, c1 = 1%), and Syzygium cumini bark decoction (SCBD) (d0 = 0%, d1 = 15%). Of the eight treatment combinations, crackers comprising the treatment of a1b0c0d1 (rice: wheat: corn: green gram flour in 50:40:5:5 ratio, 0% DML, 0% DSP, 15% SCBD) was selected as the most preferred sample with an acceptable sensory profile. Further studies with the crackers from the same treatment combination (a1b0c0d1) demonstrated a significantly high protein and mineral content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity along with a significantly low carbohydrate content compared to crackers prepared with 50:50 ratio of rice and wheat flour (a0b0c0d0).
The antidiabetic effect of Syzigium cumuni seed powder was investigated on alloxan monohydrate induced hyperglycemic mice. The blood glucose levels were measured at 7, 14 and 21 days after the treatment. The Syzigium cumuni seed powder (250 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level in normal mice from 86.17±1.88 to 84.86±1.28 mg/dl, after 21days of oral administration of the powder along with their food (P<0.05). It also significantly lowered blood glucose level in alloxan-monohydrate induced hyperglycemic mice from 340.50±3.51 to 130.33 ± 6.53 mg/dl, 21days after oral administration of the seed powder (P<0.05).
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation and hyper-androgenism leading to signs of menstrual irregularity, infertility and hirsutism. Insulin resistance, obesity and high levels androgens are linked with PCOS. The contributory factors include lazystandards of living, dietary dissimilarities, lack of exercise and anxiety etc.There appears to be an epidemic of both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the world today. Obesity is not a cause of PCOS, as the high prevalence of PCOS among relatively thin populations demonstrate. However, obesity does worsen many aspects of the phenotype, especially cardiovascular risk factors such as glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. It is also associated with a poor response to infertility treatment and likely an increased risk for pregnancy complications in those women who do conceive. Although most treatments of obesity, with the exception of bariatric surgery, achieve modest reductions in weight and improvements in the PCOS phenotype, encouraging weight loss in the obese patient remains one of the front-line therapies plus life style modification is also very encouraging. However, new studies are required to identify the best interventions, and the role of lifestyle therapies in women of normal weight with PCOS is uncertain.
Unani System of Medicine (USM) is being practised as traditional, alternative and complementary medicine in India and other countries. In this system of medicine, medicinal plants are extensively used in the treatment of various kind of diseases since time immemorial. Herbo-mineral origin drugs are the main components of Unani Pharmacopoeia. Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn) is one of the medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus), Ishāl-e- Damwī (haemorrhagic diarrhoea), Is’haal-i-Safrāwī (bilious diarrhoea), Ḍu‘f al-Ishtihā’(loss of appetite), Zaḥīr (dysentery) and Qulā (oral ulcer). In recent past its fruits, seeds, leaves, stem bark and its secondary metabolites have shown medicinal properties in various experimental and clinical studies. In this review we have tried to explore its ethno-botanical uses and pharmacological actions described in classical literature and scientific publications based on experimental studies. It is found that this plant plays an important role in prevention and management of non-communicable diseases such as Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus), Sarṭān (cancer), Niqris (gout), ischaemic heart disease etc. Several preclinical studies have revealed that it has Muḥallil-i- Awrām (anti-inflammatory), Muḥāfiẓ-i- Qalb (cardio protective), Dafi‘-i-Ḥummā (anti-pyretic) and Muqawwī-i-Jigar (hepatotonic) properties. It also possesses anti-diabetic potential activity and considered as a potent anti-diabetic plant. Keywords: Unani, Jamun, Syzygium, Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective
The present study was aimed at determining the vegetation of an urban green-space-the Holy Cross College campus, Trichy and identify the medicinal properties of the plants. For this, the field survey was made from December 2016-February 2017. The data from the survey resulted in the documentation of 56 species belonging to 55 genera under 36 families. Arecaceae and Lamiaceae were the dominant families. The represented plant is dominated by tree 55.4%, Shrubs 23.2%, herbs 17.8%, and climber 3.6%, respectively. Totally, the recorded vegetation comprises of 56 species (includes 31 trees, 13 shrubs, 10 herbs and 2 climbers). Shannon-Weiner index was observed as 3.286. Other than these plants, several ornamental plants and a grass land is maintained inside the campus. Considering the rapidly changing urban land use in the city, much attention should be paid towards the conservation of these green spaces, for which the present study provide baseline data.
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is one of the most widely used medicinal plants for various conditions and is a popular fruit for food consumption. This review aims to provide information regarding its phytochemical constituents, toxicity, and traditional and pharmacological uses from vast number of published literatures inside and outside the Philippines. The authors hope that this article provides essential directions for future researchers who wish to focus on this medicinal plant.
Objective: Emblica officinalis fruit is used in Indian traditional medicine since ages as an antimicrobial agent. Review of literature yielded a paucity of studies related to the effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, so the present study was designed. Our aim was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol, acetone and distilled water extracts of Emblica officinalis against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.
Materials and Method: Extract of Emblica officinalis in ethanol, acetone and distilled water were obtained by cold maceration. The crude residue was obtained by evaporation at room temperature. The antimicrobial efficacy of Emblica officinalis in all extracts were assessed against oral microorganisms by finding out zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration.
Results: Emblica officinalis in ethanol, acetone and distilled water were found to be effective against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans by highest zone of inhibition being 38 mm for acetonic extract of emblica officinalis against Enterococcus faecalis. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic and acetonic emblica officinalis extracts for Candida albicans was established at 0 .09% and distilled water extract at 1.56%. Minimum inhibitory concentration for ethanolic extract of emblica officinalis for Enterococcus faecalis was 3.12%, acetonic extract of Emblica officinalis was established at 0.39% and distilled water extract of emblica officinalis was established at 12.5%.
Conclusion: Emblica officinalis could be considered as an effective antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial activities can be enhanced if the phytoactive components are purified and adequate dosage determined for proper administration.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.