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Prototypische Kinderunfälle im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr : von Unfallanalysen über Präventionsmöglichkeiten zur Entwicklung eines Unfallmodells
Abstract
Um Straßenverkehrsunfälle von Kindern effizienter bekämpfen zu können, werden auf Basis der Unfalldaten von 2.000 Kinderunfällen (ohne Insassen) aus drei Städten insgesamt 7 prototypische Unfallsituationen und deren Präventionsmöglichkeiten herausgearbeitet. Hierdurch lassen sich 64,6% oder knapp 2/3 der amtlich erfassten Unfälle beschreiben. Neben den klassischen Unfalleinflussgrößen werden außerdem die entwicklungspsychologische Rahmenbedingungen dargestellt und bei der Analyse berücksichtigt. Zum Abschluss wird auf Basis der Analysen ein Kinderunfallmodell entwickelt, in dem die Beziehungen der wichtigsten Unfalleinflussgrößen zueinander aufgezeigt und die in der Arbeit identifizierten Prinzipien zusammengefasst werden. Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn soll die Arbeit auch Hilfestellung für Menschen sein, die in Städten und Kommunen Maßnahmen gegen Kinderunfälle planen und durchführen. Die Untersuchungen wurden von der Stiftung für Kriminalprävention in Münster gefördert.
... In order to achieve realistic and useful results in our approach for improving bicyclists safety at intersections, we consider important (i.e., safety critical) traffic scenarios in this study. Poschadel [26] describes and formalizes typical traffic scenarios that have a high number of accidents involving motorized vehicles and children (walking as well as on a bicycle). A subset of these scenarios involves intersections, which this study focuses on. ...
... 1) Scenario 301: The scenario with the highest occurrence among all accidents caused by children is 301 [26, Figure 47], which is shown in Figure 3a. This scenario has the third highest occurrence among all accidents involving motorized vehicles and children [26,Table 11]. In this scenario, a cyclist arrives at the intersection from the road in the south and has to yield the right of way to other vehicles coming from east or west. ...
Road traffic is continuously increasing worldwide and Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) such as bicyclists are ever more susceptible to injuries from crashes. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) technologies in combination with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are currently being evaluated to enhance road traffic safety. The same technology is now also considered for warning cyclists about imminent crashes. Prototypes for such VANET-enabled bicycles already exist, however, the primary problem here is verification and test due to immediate safety concerns for the participants. Computer simulation is considered a more feasible alternative; however, realistic behavior models of VRUs are not available in the required quality and quantity. We developed a virtual cycling environment to address this issue, allowing to study and record cyclists’ behavior. We collected (and make available) traces from a variety of subjects cycling towards an intersection for three different safety critical scenarios. As proof of concept, we then used these traces in our vehicular networking simulation framework to assess the impact of a simple VANET solution on the cyclists’ safety. Our results demonstrate the need for such an integrated framework for empirical studies as well as for simulation-based exploration of system configurations.
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