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Den poststrukturalistiske vendingen
Abstract
Dette er del to av en planlagt serie med orienterende artikler om moderne litteratur- og kulturteori. Det er meningen å presentere viktige retninger og tekster i tiden fra og med strukturalismen på 1960-tallet og fram til vår tid. Del en, om strukturalismen, er lagt ut på nettet som ”Småtrykk” 2/2004 hos Eureka forlag. Artiklene er skrevet for ikke-eksperter som ønsker å få en viss oversikt over dette feltet, for eksempel lærere og lærerstudenter. Denne gang gjelder presentasjonen overgangen til poststrukturalismen, som en kan si fant sted på slutten av 1960-tallet. De teoretikerne som her blir omtalt, er Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault og Jacques Derrida, og hensikten er å beskrive deres poststrukturalistiske posisjoner på en forhåpentlig lett tilgjengelig måte som ikke krever spesialkunnskaper i emnet på forhånd.
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First published in 1967, Writing and Difference, a collection of Jacques Derrida's essays written between 1959 and 1966, has become a landmark of contemporary French thought. In it we find Derrida at work on his systematic deconstruction of Western metaphysics. The book's first half, which includes the celebrated essay on Descartes and Foucault, shows the development of Derrida's method of deconstruction. In these essays, Derrida demonstrates the traditional nature of some purportedly nontraditional currents of modern thoughtâone of his main targets being the way in which "structuralism" unwittingly repeats metaphysical concepts in its use of linguistic models. The second half of the book contains some of Derrida's most compelling analyses of why and how metaphysical thinking must exclude writing from its conception of language, finally showing metaphysics to be constituted by this exclusion. These essays on Artaud, Freud, Bataille, Hegel, and Lévi-Strauss have served as introductions to Derrida's notions of writing and différenceâthe untranslatable formulation of a nonmetaphysical "concept" that does not exclude writingâfor almost a generation of students of literature, philosophy, and psychoanalysis. Writing and Difference reveals the unacknowledged program that makes thought itself possible. In analyzing the contradictions inherent in this program, Derrida foes on to develop new ways of thinking, reading, and writing,ânew ways based on the most complete and rigorous understanding of the old ways. Scholars and students from all disciplines will find Writing and Difference an excellent introduction to perhaps the most challenging of contemporary French thinkersâchallenging because Derrida questions thought as we know it.
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