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Broad band printed MM-wave antenna with reflector element
Abstract
Following the demands of modern society for more mobility and more information, future generation base stations have to provide more data transmission capacity requiring a flexible management of the resources code, time, bandwidth and space. In this contribution, a class of broadband printed mm-wave antennas based on a low cost stacked patch (SP) is presented and can be incorporated into a variety of systems due to their large operating bandwidth. The enhanced B.W. of about 40% (for VSWR ≤ 2) is obtained by this proposed antenna. Its performance with reduced back-radiation has also been investigated.
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We present broadband MM-wave printed antennas for
point-to-multipoint (PMP) and point-to-point (PTP) applications based on
the aperture stacked patch (ASP) antenna. A linear array of ASP elements
is proposed and investigated for PMP applications and a lens coupled ASP
antenna is presented for PTP systems. Both printed antennas operate over
the entire Ka-band (26-40 GHz). The impedance bandwidth performance and
radiation characteristics of the proposed broadband printed mm-wave
antennas are examined and presented
The design advantages provided by aperture-coupled microstrip
patches can be very useful in wireless communications applications. A
way to improve the front-to-back ratio is to place a microstrip antenna
element behind the aperture as a reflector. Proximity coupling between
the feed line and the reflecting element is negligible due to the thick
foam substrate used, allowing use of the reciprocity method of analysis.
Also, the directive patch elements are shielded from the reflector by
the ground plane. Therefore, only interactions between the reflector and
the aperture need to be modeled, resulting in a simple analysis. For
aperture-coupled patch designs with a front-to-back ratio of 10 dB or
greater, the introduction of a reflecting element has a negligible
effect on the input impedance of the antenna. Therefore, a reflector
element can readily be incorporated into existing designs
The design advantages provided by aperture coupled microstrip
patches can be very useful in certain planar antenna applications.
Several papers have appeared in which a large aperture is used in
conjunction with thick substrates to increase the bandwidth of the
element. This technique is quite robust, and bandwidths in excess of 50%
have been realized. However, one disadvantage of this method is the
large amount of radiation produced by the aperture, leading to a
radiation pattern with a poor front-to-back ratio. One way to improve
the front-to-back ratio is to place a microstrip antenna element behind
the aperture as a reflector. The action of this element is akin to that
in a Yagi-Uda dipole array. However, the incorporation of a reflector in
an aperture coupled patch antenna is much easier to achieve. Proximity
coupling between the feedline and the reflecting element is negligible
due to the thick foam substrate used, allowing the use of the
reciprocity method of analysis. Also, the directive patch elements are
shielded from the reflector by the ground plane. Therefore, only
interactions between the reflector and the aperture need to be modelled,
resulting in a simple analysis. For aperture coupled patch designs with
a front-to-back ratio of 10 dB or greater, the introduction of a
reflecting element has a negligible effect on the input impedance of the
antenna. Therefore, a reflector element can readily be incorporated into
existing designs
An E-plane aperture coupled microstrip patch array antenna is
presented which incorporates novel microstrip reflector elements in its
design. These elements provide a significant reduction in back radiation
levels over a bandwidth in excess of 20%. Design considerations for the
array elements are given and radiation patterns for the microstrip
elements and the total array are presented
A variation of the aperture-coupled stacked patch microstrip
antenna is presented, which greatly enhances its bandwidth. Bandwidths
of up to one octave have been achieved. The impedance behavior of this
antenna is compared with that of other wide-band microstrip radiators.
Matching techniques for the antenna are presented and their relative
merits discussed. The effects of varying several key physical parameters
of the antenna are investigated, lending some insight into its wide-band
operation. Variations on the design such as incorporation of additional
patches are also discussed