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Organografia i malalties del cecidi de "Diastrophus rubi" (Bouché, 1834) Hartig, 1840 "(Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipinae) a la tija de l'esbarzer, "Rubus caesius" L. "(Rosaceae)"
... Las agallas maduran rápidamente desde mediados de primavera y a lo largo del verano. Meyer 0973) efectuó estudios citológicos de las células nutricias de estas agallas; otros aspectos del desarrollo histológico de las agallas han sido estudiados por Pujade-Villar (1987). El estudio del ciclo biológico de la especie se debe a Folliot (1960Folliot ( , 1964, quien determinó que es bisexual uni voltino con partenogénesis facultativa de tipo arrenótoca. ...
... conoce tan sólo en Francia y España (Nieves Aldrey y Pujade-Villar, 1987). En España se ha citado únicamente en las pro vincias de Madrid, Barcelona, Lérida y Tarragona (Nieves-Aldrey y Pujade Villar, 1987;Pujade-Villar, 1992d). No se conoce en Portugal ni en las islas Baleares, pero probablemente esté presente en ambas áreas geográficas, al igual que en la mayor parte de España ocupada por la encina o la coscoja. ...
... Lo mismo cabe decir para las citas ibéricas; Tavares 0920) menciona S. radiatus testaceipes , procedente de agallas de Plagiotrochus quercusilicis y Aylax hypochoeridis, hospedadores insólitos para la especie, en especial el segundo de ellos, razón por la cual Nieves Aldrey y Pujade-Villar (1987) no dieron crédito a la cita. Citas más recientes, razonablemente atribuibles a esta especie, proceden de distintas localidades del centro de España y Cataluña (Nieves-Aldrey y Pujade-Villar, 1987;Pujade-Villar, 1992d). ...
Resumen
Esta monografía de la Serie Fauna Ibérica está dedicada a la familia Cynipidae, insectos himenópteros incluidos en la superfamilia Cynipoidea, cuyos representantes mayoritariamente inducen la formación de agallas en las plantas, especialmente en fagáceas del género Quercus. En la obra se tratan extensamente las 140 especies de cinípidos de la Península Ibérica e islas Baleares. Incluye claves dicotómicas de identificación, basadas en los adultos, de las tribus, géneros y especies, detalladas descripciones morfológicas de adultos y agallas, así como amplia información sobre la diversidad, distribución geográfica y biología de todos los táxones estudiados. El libro contiene una detallada introducción al grupo, con una síntesis y moderna puesta al día del estado del conocimiento de la taxonomía, sistemática, filogenia e historia natural de la familia, culminada con una extensa y actualizada bibliografía. El libro está ricamente ilustrado con más de 970 figuras en 148 láminas, incluyendo dibujos a línea y hábitus de adultos y agallas, fotomicrografías de microscopio electrónico de barrido y fotografías en color de las agallas. La monografía se completa con 5 apéndices finales: una revisión nomenclatural, una clave de identificación de las especies basada en sus agallas, listas de plantas hospedadoras y de inquilinos y parasitoides de las distintas agallas y un glosario de términos.
Summary
This monograph of the Fauna Iberica series is devoted to the family Cynipidae, hymenopteran insects included in the superfamily Cynipoidea, whose representatives induce the formation of galls in plants, especially in Quercus species (Fagaceae).
This book deals in full with the 140 cynipid species of the Ibero-Balearic fauna. It provides dichotomic keys, based mainly in morphological characters of adults, for identification of tribes, genera and species, detailed description of both adults and galls, as well as wide information on the diversity, distribution and biology of all the dealt taxa. An extensive introduction is provided with a modern synthesis and comprehensive information on the taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny and natural history of the family Cynipidae, completed with an up-to-date literature. The book is richly illustrated with more than 970 figures in 148 plates, including line drawings and habitus of both adults and galls, scanning photomicrographs of adults and color photographs of galls. The monograph is completed with five appendices, a revision of nomenclature, an identification based in galls, a list of host plants, inquilines and parasitoids from the Iberian cynipid galls and a glossary.
... Después de estudiar las agallas de A. fusus recolectadas por Kinsey y el material tipo (ambos depositados en el AMHN de Nueva York) deducimos que este dato era erróneo. Por otro lado, Kinsey (1937b) menciona que en la superficie de la agalla existen pequeñas protuberancias elevadas de color negro que probablemente correspondan a picnidios de hongos, abundantes en las superficies leñosas de agallas viejas (Pujade- Villar 1987). ...
New information is provided on the galling fauna from oaks in Santa Fe (Cuajimalpa (Mexico City) obtained from collections on Quercus laeta Liebmann, 1854 and Q. rugosa Née, 1801 (section Quercus), Q. crassipes Humboldt and Bonpland, 1809 and Q. calophylla Schlechtendal and Chamisso, 1830 (section Lobatae). Seven species are cited for the first time: Andricus fusciformis Pujade-Villar, 2014 and A. guanajuatensis Pujade-Villar, 2013; Femuros lusum Kinsey, 1937 and F. repandae Kinsey, 1937; Kokkocynips doctorrosae Pujade-Villar and Melika, 2013; Loxaulus hyalinus Pujade-Villar and Melika, 2014 and Neuroterus fusifex Pujade-Villar, 2016. Of the 12 species originally described from Santa Fe, nine of them are only known in this studied area: Amphibolips cibriani Pujade-Villar, 2011, Andricus breviramuli Pujade-Villar, 2014, A. rochai Pujade-Villar, 2018, A. santafe Pujade-Villar, 2013, Disholcaspis crystalae Pujade-Villar, 2018, Loxaulus laeta Pujade-Villar, 2014, Neuroterus eugeros Pujade-Villar, 2018, N. verrucum Pujade Villar, 2014 and Zapatella polytryposa Pujade-Villar and Fernández-Garzón, 2020. New hosts are provided for some of the mentioned species. Some galls are shown that could constitute species yet to be described. Of all mentioned species, the gall is described and illustrated, and aspects of its biology, hosts and distribution are commented.
Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), is an invasive pest that threatens native stands and orchards of European Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). ACGW induces galls in stems, petioles, and midribs. These galls cause inhibition of tree growth and fruit production. An understanding of morphogenetic changes in host organs is important to evaluate how plant resources are redirected to galls. Structural divergences in C. sativa petioles, midribs, and respective galls were investigated. Larvae of D. kuriphilus are found in the central region of young petioles and midribs in the spring. They are positioned in the pith region of petioles and midribs, surrounded by vascular tissues. The increase in cell layers and volume is evident in the ground tissues of galls, i.e., parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that originate from ground meristem. Gall formation causes the separation of the original vascular system into several collateral and amphicribral vascular bundles. The vascular web branching likely favors the redirection of resources from developing leaf blades to the galls by compensatory hydraulic mechanisms. The rapid growth rates of galls are likely supported by an increased water supply to gall sites. Cytoplasmically dense and metabolically active nutritive linings of the larval chambers are the sole source of food for larvae. Nutritive cells are maintained by a rich vascular supply. The redifferentiation of mechanical tissue surrounding the nutritive tissue also requires energy and protects the D. kuriphilus larva until pupation. These vascular alterations impact the normal formation of tissues in distal regions of the leaf, which reduces the productivity of chestnut trees.
Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are gall wasps that induce conspicuous galls on Rosa spp. (Rosaceae). These species are distributed globally and in Europe some are especially common and are founder organisms of biological communities composed of different insects. However, the ecological niches of these species have not been studied in detail. We modelled the potential distributions of these species using the locations of the galls of the four most abundant species of Diplolepis on the Iberian Peninsula (Diplolepis mayri, Diplolepis rosae, Diplolepis eglanteriae and Diplolepis nervosa, the galls of latter two are indistinguishable) using four different algorithms and identifi ed the resulting consensus for the species. We compared the potential distributions of these species, considering their spatial complementarity and the distributions of their host plants. We found that D. mayri and D. eglanteriae/nervosa have complementary
distributions on the Iberian Peninsula. The former species is found in the Mediterranean region, while D. eglanteriae and D. nervosa are distributed mainly in the Eurosiberian region. Diplolepis rosae has the widest distribution on the Iberian Peninsula. Our models constitute the fi rst effort to identify suitable areas for species of Diplolepis species on the Iberian Peninsula and could be useful for understanding the evolutionary ecology of these species throughout their distribution in the western Palearctic.
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