Content uploaded by Jordan Batchelor
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Jordan Batchelor on Apr 17, 2025
Content may be subject to copyright.
I’m so OCD lol
! !"#$%!&
'()*++,
-./01
234524
24626$! %4
32
7346*52896$! #4:
degree adverb + OCD;**
2-6$!!<4
6#"#=6
=;
>65
:53
*
Keywords: ??
?5
1. Introduction
23466
26 $! %4:6
*36* :
635
2@A+6$!!"436
2:6 BB<462@A(6$! <46
>2@A+6$!!"436
2@A(6$! <C" 4
866>6
OCD6
so3so OCD
5*2NAMI46*2 USA Today46
2-43 OCD5
*36
5;,
,32@A(6$! <4
;,65
degree adverb + OCD:>
>13-D+
00210042-6$!!<4*6*
*,366
6*
2. OCD: Controversies and contested terrain
:3>6
66
*36*6
2I’m so OCD4(*6*
*>OCD
>
2.13
(26$! %46234
56*666
6 66
;6
6*>66
,6;*36
6
7
63665
6626$!!&4
@>60992094
3>6**
23-46>20
6$! B4D3*
2E6$! 405329
A;6$!!%46*FG2;6$!!C6 B"&4F
G2- 6$! "6 B#4@ +2$!!" % !4
309F*
G062$!!&4>3
63
:2$!!!4H7
5)6*3**
6*96
F,G*
36,*
3@(72$! <4
;E353,*6
*3*
236$!!B46*3
*'2$!!&4
3
0=6
*6
)*6
, 6
*6OCD,I’m so OCD
:>
2.235
;OCD
>;66
so65 3 =, @
>6I*6*,*I’m so OCD6
24
9*24683-D(+J,
**3
6*
39+D;D+JKL)*6 36
**76,>KL9
8;*,
,*6,,2:,6
$! B4
;*=degree adverb +
OCD@66
F83-D(+JG*F,,G
*OCD*06OCD
3
3,6**
@>6$! #F9/673G8
97*2/6$! #4OCD
5306$!$ USA Today
I’m so OCD*>
6>
26$!$ 4@>6I’m so OCD*
,5366
6326$! %4
+>*M3M
6
;*(2$!$!6$!$%4>
*1N5$!$%*,6(
5schizophrenic242the
schizophrenic46242a schizophrenic man46
23$4>36:72$!$ BM !4*>
**36
F0G67>
*3;*I am so OCD
>6**
*,:2$!$ 4
,so OCD56*
236 BB$4
,:2$!$ 463*6
*F*G
63de-5>
*66*,7
6309#;6*
3>56*
,5,*,
6*>
86,>
3
>:*6
6**6>
;>I’m so OCD,2
4>6*OMGlol
;6*5OCD
>6**
7=
2.33
6=
==2)A
(,6$!$!?6$!$$43*
=26$!!<4D
6>
>26$!!<40, 2 0, 6 BBB4
>
,2$!!<4>*
1N6,*
: > * > * 2
(6 $!$%46 ,* ) 2$! $4 5
,*6 6 *
2I am depressed4 2I have depression4
*)(*2$! $4>*
6)
(,7 2$!$!4 , >
>66(
6*,
=,*
336*
>3/ 92$! B4 3/2$!$!4
6,*666
>***>*
*FG>;
3,*>603
/degree adverb + OCD,>6
>
,,
OCD=
)*=degree adverb + OCD 6
*=O
$ :degree adverb + OCD6*
3O
% 66
=degree adverb + OCDO
3. Materials and methods
(*6**
*OCD6
3*:6
613-D+00210042-6$!!<46
3.1;3
,*6**
@*)(,
2$!$!46*6*
66>6**;6
*****
**>$6!!!OCD
*'$! B$!$$6*&&6!##:
*degree adverb + OCD:
(2 BBB4=2so, very, too6
super4OCDPly;
6"<"6**3
3.29degree adverb + OCD
:,6* %!! *
degree adverb + OCD*66**
**
6*; *>
Table 1. 33
3 D>
4 8 3
/(*3,
$4 93
+,0
9*
%4 8 6
46insanely OCD6*
control freak;6$46so OCD
6>6
amirite;**
3*%46really
ocd;6OCD
>
*B#Q%!!9
**:
6**
3.3;
:3*
:6
*
:536
*5,?
*3?*
6
>
3.40
: * 13-D+ 0 0
210042-6$!!<40*
,*,2 * ,
4 * > *(
*>6100
6
2A06$! "?06$! "4
100*>
B Q D: *
:>#2-6$!!&4*
=*
,*
;6*3
;324degree
adverb + 3624* !$!!*6
#Q:*,
**6*>
!*$!!**6*
=*;3
52;$4
Table 2.
sOCD sub-corpus Reference corpus
8> BB# C!
8* #B6$B# C<6&<$
9*>204 C!2<$4 6!& 2"!!4
;6**-
#!=
2 !!4;5
=2+6$! #4*
Odds ratio=Odds that feature X will occur ∈Corpus ¿ ¿
Odds that feature X will occur ∈Corpus ¿$¿
:6
Odds=Probability that feature X will occur
Probability that feature X will not occur
=6*
>6
* (,6*
6**! (
6*
;
,
4. Findings
:5*@6*=< 6
**=degree adverb+OCD*
;6*=<$6*
>=sOCD
4.1@=degree adverb + OCD=
6"<"6B!QOCD6
6#"#** %&6#!!*6*&B
*6* $$*"#Q*
28R 6 C&46*S$#Q*528R<!"4@
Figure 1. :* 6"<"T3
(>6>=
degree adverb + OCD6
*=I am HAVE@
>66)2$! $4
I am depressed5>6*I have depression
720% 46I HAVEOCD
<CB&6*I am/I’m OCD28R#C#4I am/I’m Tdegree adverb +
OCD28R#!%4;=*6
degree adverb + OCD
8>6*>**=@$*
so28R%B&46*
*very28R$" 4
Figure 2. ;=3
;6*OCD;
=so1,6so,
*2(6 BBB##!46**
@ 6 D> 2 4* 2so OCD
4
2 4 ,*so ocd>,
K3U$$%L
;* so OCD
:*=*6*
,=so OCD
*so OCD,(
2 BBB#C#4*so=D
=;6soOCD
;*>0<$6*
>3
4.20degree adverb + OCD
0%%635
!M$!!*(*
*1006#!**>
0<$ 6<$$6<%%6*
!!>(
4.2.1 Clean cars and dirty desks
3
66*6
;666
;%*6*>
*
Table 3. ;*
; D>
0 silver6 glass6 gold C $
0 line6 flat6 corner #&B
92;E664 video6 TV6 film #<#
3 wear6 clothes6 shoes <$"
+ car6 truck6 drive %#"
66 house6 building6apartment %%%
) desk6 chair6 bed % &
0 game6 goal6 ride $B"
paint6 design6 photo &C
things6 box6 gear C<
9=*;%6house6 building6 chair6
shoes6***>6
666D>2$4M2<4*2degree
adverb+OCD6>*4
2$4 7 so OCD*
K3U %%CL
2%4 ,**
7super OCD,$,**
7>$%
*,K3
UBC L
2<4 really ocd**
,**6,*7
>K3U#C%L
;>M2$462%46
>0*2%4Mdegree adverb + OCD
>5
0**6
(**6;<
Table 4. ;*
Tag Examples Odds ratio
clean6 nice6 awesome #
3 color6 black6 white <<"
05 little6small6 tiny $<#
24 best6perfect6 perfectionist $
8 messy6 dirty6 mess #B
;>*;<*>;%6
,clean6 black6 small6 dirty**, glass6
corner6 TV6bed3D>2#4M2"4*2degree adverb +OCD
6>*4
2#4 (slightly ocd6,#*7K3
U"&BL
2C4 7fairly OCD6*
D7,,
>K3
UB""L
2"4 BBQ*,**,*>,
*7*,*,
,
Very OCD*,7>
**
2clean6 nice6 awesome42messy, dirty,
mess4;*?
3,@>6,
2#47,2"46*
57,2C4
;> 3 6* *
3 )*6
3*
D>2&42degree adverb + OCD6>*4
2&4 *3666
6 6 * * *
6so OCD,
,K3U L
;2&4>76
horrible living nightmare:
degree adverb + OCD>0$$6
5
4.2.2 Talking about OCD with a conversational style
36
6>:>
/ * 3
65
3;#
Table 5. ;>,
; D>
3 pretty6quite6rather "B%
D>5 just6 only6especially %BC
9>5 totally6completely6 most %%#
super6 good6 great $CB
( really6 so6 very $!#
slightly6 little6 bit C#
9>*;#OCD;>5
*=just*just6
>2(6 BBB"B&M"BB4;
slightly*a little bit3
*6,pretty6quite6ratherOCD
*=
;>5&"%36
&$666
D2(6 BBB#C M#CB4
;6,so/really/totally OCD5
>6*,>
3D>2B4*2degree adverb + OCD4
2B4 7incredibly OCD
K3U&$ L
;incrediblyOCD>6,
>3,
6>*6D>2#4
**,*,
, 3 6 6
7;C>*
Table 6. @,
; D>
) lol6 fun6 happy C%<
, yeah6 right6 oh <#$
9 man6 guys6 male <%&
* post6 list6 print #C
;;C**66
: 6
, yeah6 right6 oh >06=
*,man guys6*(2 BBB !B4
H57*6*
3*D>2 !42degree adverb + OCD
6>*4
2 !4 *7super ocd V ;,
VK3U$C<L
;man36
5*,*
>
;6
7666 2(6 BBBCC4(
> 2( A
D6$! &?(6 BBB436*>24
624>624
>;"*
Table 7. ;*,
; D>
I6it6 my #CB
+, like6 love6 enjoy # %
maybe %C$
actually6 really6 actual %C
E hit6crazy6 annoying "<
;;"6
;=66*
* degree adverb + OCD 6 ITcopular verb T
degree adverb + OCD*>
62$4M2<462C462&4M2 !4:2
0<$%463,*M
* > M ,
*>
4.2.3 Talking about OCD using the language of medicalization
6*degree adverb + OCD
,>5;
6**;=
3 6
6,666;&
Table 8. @*
; D>
risk6 exposure6 factors "<
) health6 mental6 post-traumatic % %
include6 including6 involves % $
96 treatment6 therapy6psychiatric &!"
disorder6 symptoms6 patients C&C
;*;&*
6*2car, messy462
pretty, so462I, lol46
3
9>*3
6D>2 4*2>*4
2 4 234 disorder *
6*624;6
24;6
*6,6mental,24
6*7
KU<"L
D>2 43 disorder86
*63
)*6*76
3D>2 $4
32>*4
2 $4 3,,6
,6 0 3
>disorders6including>6
disorder>KUBL
;>376*
*(>3
66D>2 %4
2>*4
2 %4 9therapy
Treatment * K
U% L
86degree adverb + OCD;
>6*36OCD
>: 6 dis- OCD
OCD
>
5. Conclusions
;3
degree adverb + OCD6*OCD
3
>2USA Today, Quora, NAMI4OCD5
>*;
>5
OCD6* 6#"#degree adverb + OCD
28R<!"45OCD;
0$$6OCD
*36*>
6>
; 6 C°ree adverb + OCD*
8 very 6 * so,
super, too;
OCDN
66666*
6*3
>5666
6*6
; * * *
6** ;>
*366
6degree adverb + OCD*86
OCD *2 I’m super OCD4
2I’m slightly OCD46*,
**;degree adverb +
OCD?6*
*
963
3>6a little OCD*
so OCD;09#63
6
6
09#6666
6*3,;
*6OCD6
>=OCD
>*>
6degree adverb + OCD
53H957
236 BB$4 32$!!"4
56>
53 5
)*6 OCD
565OCD *
5
52N6$! %"&%4653
>*243
653-2$!!C<& 6)
A (,6 $!$!4 H57 ,* F *
*66G
;6**
,36
F73G>
76
;636
6* !$!!
*;65>
;6
286$!$$46,
6*=6
=32
@A(6$! <?:6$!$ 4;**6
,
References
606(*6(636-63*66A062$!!<4
>Journal of Applied Linguistics6 12 46BM$&
242$! %4Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders2#4 ! "C,B"&!&B!<$##BC
(6 ' 2$!$!4 A corpus-based discourse analysis of representations of people with
schizophrenia in the British press between 2000 and 2015K6+
1L+1 ! "C%# !!&
(6'2$!$%4Representing schizophrenia in the media: A corpus-based approach to the UK
press coverage-
(66AD6'2$! &4Register variation online31
(66'606+6/63606A@6D2 BBB4The Longman grammar of
spoken and written English+
362$!!B4:7OPMLA/Publications of
the Modern Language Association of America6 1242 46 <<M#&
! C%$$!!B $< <<
3/6 D 2$!$!4 D , >
2034Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders6
276 !!#"C ! ! C$!$! !!#"C
3/6D6A96)2$! B4+66>
2034
Language in Society6482<46#C#M#&< ! ! "0!!<"<!<# B!!!<$%
362 BB$495Annual Review of Sociology6 186$!BM$%$
! <C &!&! B$!! $%%
362$!!"4The medicalization of society: On the transformation of human conditions into
treatable disorders'),1
6+'2$!!&4Obsession;13
@66A+60I2$!!"4+*3+66
Deviant Behavior6 282<46%!#M%% ! !&!! C%BC$!"! $%%$"<
@66A(692$! <4 Deviant Behavior6
352B46CCBMC&C ! !&!! C%BC$#$! %&"$#$C
/6+ 2$! #6 <4 OMG, I’m so OCD 8 9.
***
)6N2$! $41>
7International Journal of Corpus Linguistics6172%46%<BM
%"B ! !"# "%!%
)6N6A(*6(2$! $4)D>
The Canadian Modern Language Review6 682%46 % CM%<!
!% %& !%
)66A(,6/2$!$!4Corpus6 discourse6 and mental health(
'62$!!&4999,3Critical Studies
in Media Communication6 252 46$&M<" ! !&! #$B#!%!"! &# %!
N6D6)686A/6:)2$! %4;H75
**> Clinical Psychology
Review6 332C46"&$M"B< ! ! C$! %!C!!$
+682$! #4 How to do linguistics with R: Data exploration and statistical analysis
( ! !"#5 B#
9686A;6@2$!!%4*
3566Brief Treatment and Crisis
Intervention6 32$46 $"M << ! !B%!
868 2$!$$4 H07- O
*
3 B International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 742 46 <"MC$
! !&! %C<##"B$!$$$ & C
62$!$ 69 B4It’s time to stop saying words like ‘Schitzo’ and phrases like ‘I’m so
OCD.’ Here’s why 10 ;
****$!$ !% B
*><"#$<%%!!
66A06D2$! "4)7
10*1NCorpora6 122 46##M
&< !%%CC$! "! !B
6)2$!$$4;3
3 1
! ! "B"& !&BB $"&
-62$!!&4@,*, International Journal of Corpus
Linguistics, 132<46# BM#<B ! !"# %<!C
-666660+6A9D6;2$!!<4;13-D+
*,(8D-0
8+,*<3+-
D2+-D3$!!<46$#9$!!<6+662"M $4
-6N'6-66A0,,692$! "40,
234=
*>3Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and
Practice6 902$46 B%M$ ! $!B!
-6 8 2$!!C4 * O ; >
BioSocieties6 12<4<C#M<&<W ! ! "0 "<#&##$!C!!<!"&
06D 2$! "43 ( 2D46 The Cambridge
handbook of cognitive linguistics 2<C%M<"C431
0,6'-696'6A)6@-2 BBB40
,* Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine6
912 $46C$!MC$# ! ""! < !"C&BB!B$! $!
06'636+36+63696D36'-6J3606-/6E
)66A(606)2$! B4MWNat Rev
Dis Primers6 56#$ ! !%&< #"$! B! !$%
;6-669'6(6D6(66(6;06@696',6-6
+*6 /6 956 )6 A 06 8 2$!!C4 M
666 , ( 8
90 $!!! The American Journal of Psychiatry6 1632 46 B"&M B&#
! "C$!!C C% B"
E6'66'6:6;606'/6(,6:60,69
3'96A62$! 4F3G
6 ,6 International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical
Practice6 162$46&#MB$ !% !B %C# #! $! C "<#<
:6 @ 2$!!!4 5 Community Mental
Health Journal6 366%!"M% $ ! !$% !! B %< #BC
:6 + 2$!$ 4 F7 3VG = >
UWL Journal of Undergraduate Research,XXIV
****>$!$
*
:6996(6-3636/'6/*606)*6)/6+63N68*6
036 ,(*6 96-0696:,6'6:6)6A
J6DN2 BB<4;;
383/The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 55 Suppl, 5-10
What do you think of people saying “I’m so OCD”? 24 K L I
***=:,3
Appendix A: Sources used in reference corpus
@
***
$ ***
$!%#<<%$
% ****
<
# B<B!
C ***,
" ***
& ***,
B ***
! **** "&#!&
***,*
$ ***>
% ***,#
< ***99)3
# ***>
C ,
" >
& ***
B ****
$! ***>O
3;R&#A3R!!"%"
-*
*** !!"& 2* 4
$ ***< "C"" 2*$4
% ***!C ! C! 2*%4
< ***<%C! & 2*<4
# *,$"!$&##O3,R 2* 4
C *, "#&"<CO3,R 2*$4
" *, &<"# O3,R 2*%4
& *, %C$!!#O3,R 2*<4
B ***%"C"#& 2* 4
! ***%% "#$" $$&$ 2*$4
***$!$ !%
C! &B2* 4
$ ***$! "!%<&!"$
2*$4
% ***$! "!$,,
<""" 2*%4
< ***$! C!" !,<%&B%
2*<4
# ***$! C!$
< $&C2*#4
C ****
2* 4
" ***>**
2*$4
& ***,,
2*%4
B ****
2*<4
$! **** 2* 4
8
*,$"<B<& O,R 2
4
$ *,$""& #&O3,R 2
$4
% *,*,$"B!!#$O3,R$<
2%4
< *,$""B&<%O3,R$< 2<4
# *,$#C#C!$O3,R$< 2
#4
C *, "%" C"O3,R$< 2
C4
" ***0$$ #!%CC2$!4%!$$$<> 2
4
& ***0$$ #!%CC2 C4%! &%> 2
$4
B ***0$$ #!%CC2 C4%!%$<&> 2
%4
! ! "C$!$!$!! !!%" 2 4
! "C$!$ $$! !!$" 2$4
$ ! "C$!$!$!!" !% 2%4
% ! "C$!$!$ !%!$C# 2<4
< ! "C$!$!$! #B& 2#4
# ! "C$! " "!#!# # 2C4
C ***0!!!C%$$%!C! #C<$ 2 4
" ***0!!!C%$$%BB!!$B"& 2$4
& ***0!!!C%$$% C%$C B 2%4
B ***0!!!C%$$% <!!!# 2<4
$! ***0!!!C%$$%$!% # &% 2#4
Appendix B: USAS semantic tags and their odds ratios
Appendix B.1;#!3
Tag Odds ratio Tag Odds ratio Tag Odds ratio
8CTTT " & $ ) %%% < $ &<
$ %# "B% $$)# % & <$9C "B
%D< T C%< $%N# $B" <%D% "<
< C $ $<;$ $B< << %C C#
#<< #&B $## T $CB <#X&T C<
CY& #CB $C8# T $C& <C$ C<
"I<% #<# $"@ $#& <"8%&T C$
&D$T # % $&8%$ $<# <&<$ #B
B<$T # ! $B(< $$" <B)< #&
!Y< <#$ %!; $ C #!I $ #C
<% <<" % ; $ C
$0$$ <%& %$ %% $!#
%(# <$" %%N $!#
<$$ < %<# TTT $!!
#X%$ %B& %#X%< BB
C < %BC %C9$ B
"" %C$ %"& B!
&#<T %C %&9 &C
B9% %#" %B3 &C
$! %$ %%# <!/% &C
Appendix B.2;#!
Tag Odds ratio Tag Odds ratio Tag Odds ratio
# "< $ I %$" < X$ $
$($ % % $$X$< %$$ <$0" T $!&
% &T % $ $%C%T % <%X$%T $!C
<0 B!< $<D# %!& <<( $!%
#(% &!" $# B %!< <#0B $!$
C0 %T "&C $C0 $T %!% <C8# B&
"($ C&C $"+ T $&& <";$T BC
&X#$T C&! $&< $"& <&XB$T B#
BX#$TT C%# $B;% $"C <BY% B
! #"B %!0&T $C& #!#$T B!
#"% % DC $C$
$0& ##" %$0$ $C!
%X" #<% %%%T $<$
<X# T #%% %<8CT $%<
#0CT <#B %#B $$&
C T %B$ %C !T $$&
"J %C# %"C$T $$#
&X< %C$ %&C $ &
B0#T %%< %B$ T $ C
$!$$ %$B <!+ $ %
Address for correspondence
8
0
36
3
D
X;*24
Co-author information
8
0
D
X;*24
